C018/Y01746.json

[
{"created_timestamp": "02-01-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0026", "content": "Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, [February 1746]\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Colden, Cadwallader\nSir\n[February 1746]\nI receiv\u2019d yours with others enclos\u2019d for Mr. Bertram and Mr. Armit, to which I suppose the enclos\u2019d are Answers. The Person who brought yours said he would call for Answers, but did not; or, if he did, I did not see him.\nI understand Parker has begun upon your Piece. A long Sitting of our Assembly has hitherto hinder\u2019d me from beginning the Miscellany. I shall write to Dr. Gronovius as you desire.\nI wish I had Mathematics enough to satisfy my self, Whether the much shorter Voyages made by Ships bound hence to England, than by those from England hither, are not in some Degree owing to the Diurnal Motion of the Earth; and if so, in what Degree? \u2019Tis a Notion that has lately entred my Mind; I know not if ever any other\u2019s. Ships in a Calm at the Equator move with the Sea 15 Miles per minute; at our Capes suppose 12 Miles per Minute; in the British Channel suppose 10 Miles per Minute: Here is a Difference of 2 Miles Velocity per Minute between Cape Hinlopen and the Lizard! no small Matter in so Weighty a Body as a laden Ship swimming in a Fluid! How is this Velocity lost in the Voyage thither, if not by the Resistance of the Water? and if so, then the Water, which resisted in part, must have given Way in part to the Ship, from time to time as she proceeded continually out of Parallels of Latitude where the Earths Motion or Rotation was quicker into others where it was slower. And thus as her Velocity tends eastward with the Earth\u2019s Motion, she perhaps makes her Easting sooner. Suppose a Vessel lying still in a Calm at our Cape, could be taken up and the same Instant set down in an equal Calm in the English Channel, would not the Difference of Velocity between her and the Sea she was plac\u2019d in, appear plainly by a violent Motion of the Ship thro\u2019 the Water eastward? I have not Time to explain my self farther, the Post waiting, but believe have said enough for you to comprehend my Meaning. If the Reasons hinted at should encline you to think there is any Thing in this Notion, I should be glad of an Answer to this Question, (if it be capable of a precise Answer) viz.\nSuppose a Ship sails on a N. East Line from Lat. 39 to Lat. 52 in 30 Days, how long will she be returning on the same Line, Winds, Currents, &c. being equal?\nJust so much as the East Motion of the Earth helps her Easting, I suppose it will hinder her Westing.\nPerhaps the Weight and Dimensions or Shape of the Vessel should be taken into the Consideration, as the Water resists Bodies of different Shapes differently.\nI must beg you to excuse the incorrectness of this Scrawl as I have not time to transcribe. I am Sir Your most humble Servant\nB Franklin\nAddressed: To \u2002Cadwalader Colden Esqr \u2002Coldengham \u2002Free B Franklin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "02-01-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0027", "content": "Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Cadwallader Colden, [February 1746]\nFrom: Colden, Cadwallader\nTo: Franklin, Benjamin\n[February 1746]\nThere is no Question but in the case you mention of a ships being taken up in a Southern latitude and let down in one some degrees more northerly the same moment she would have a degree of Motion Eastward but that it would shorten a Voyage from America to Europe I cannot think because as the alteration is made by insensibly small steps it can only be so much as an alteration of the Velocity in the least conceivable part of a degree of Latitude is greater than the resistance of the Water which in all cases remains the same and equally resists the smallest alteration of Velocity as the greatest. Suppose for example in the alteration of one second of latitude how much greater will the Velocity be in the Southward than northward? If it be 60 miles at the \u0152quator what will it be at 1 second on either side of the \u0152quator? The Difference is the force which the ship can acquire from the diurnal rotation of the earth in this second. Now it may be asked whether this Difference will be sufficient to overcome the resistance of the Water in any degree whatsoever, that is, whether it be not infinitely small in respect to the resistance of the body of Water which resists the motion of a ship and if so it can neither add to nor diminish the ships way in the time she alters her latitude one second, and if this be the case it cannot either forward or stop her way in a greater change of latitude because it is done by a continual addition of these seconds or rather of less than thirds or of any imaginable quantity so that according to my way of computation in answer to your question the difference of time in the going and return will be = o.\nThe shorter Voyages to Europe without doubt are chiefly owing to the more frequent westerly winds but this does not account for the reason why in going to Europe a ship is generally a head of the reckoning or you meet with the land sooner than by the computation of the ships way if it be well kept, whereas in coming to America the reckoning is generally a head of the ship. The true reason I think is from the Tides. The High Water every day is nearly three quarters of an hour more easterly on the globe than the day before or following the course of the moon advances daily about twelve degrees eastward and therefor they every day in sailing Westerly meet with the contrary current of the Water sooner than they do in sailing easterly, as in a river in going down the river you meet the flood sooner than you do the ebb in going up the river where the flood and ebb are nearly equal; for the difference of the force and length of the ebb more than the flood in rivers from the force of the accumulated fresh water cannot take place at sea. If you think proper to give this in your Miscellany as the reason of the shorter voyages from America to Europe than from Europe to America other things being alike, I\u2019l u[nder]take to support it against any objection. There are some mistakes that I would be so far from being ashamed of them after I knew them to be such that I would be vain of them because none but those of a lively and quick and pierceing Imagination can fall into them. A Blockhead is uncapable of making such mistakes. There is even a pleasure in telling it after the mistake is discover\u2019d and the person to whom it is told values the ingenuity which occasion\u2019d the mistake and on reflection is conscious to himself that he would have valued himself for that very thought. There is a use likewise in mentioning these mistakes to others to guard them against those conceptions which please and flatter the Imagination most.\nSuppose the difference between the lands end and the coast of America to be 72 degr. of longitude (I choose this number to avoid fractions), then the same high Water on the coast of America will happen six hours later at the lands end and therefor a ship will meet with one whole tide of flood against her there which would be an ebb in her favour on the coast of America and supposing her voyage perform\u2019d in 30 days, every day equally approaching to America, she would every day have that tide lessen\u2019d 1/30 of the time as she approaches. I once had thoughts to calculate an Equation to rectify a ships easting and westing but upon reflecting that a general equation cannot serve for every ship but must be different for every ship according to the several molds by which the ship is built and her being loaded or in ballast, I believe it will be of little use for according to the different molds of a ship and her being deep or light the tides have greater or less force on her way. The heavy dull ships must make much larger allowences than the best saylors and accordingly we generally find these heavy saylers most out in their reckoning.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0029", "content": "Title: To Benjamin Franklin from George Whitefield, [16 April 1746]\nFrom: Whitefield, George\nTo: Franklin, Benjamin\nMr. Franklin,\nAs it is a Minister\u2019s Duty to provide Things honest in the Sight of all Men, I thought it my Duty, when lately at Georgia, to have the whole Orphan House Accounts audited, from the Beginning of that Institution to January last; the same I intend to do yearly for the future: An Abstract of the whole, with the particular Affidavits, and common Seal of Savannah affixed to it, I have sent you with this; be pleased to publish it in your weekly Paper. My Friends thought this was the most satisfactory Way of proceeding. To print every particular Article, with the proper Voucher, would make a Folio, and put me to a greater Expence than my present Arrears will permit me to be at; however, if any want further Satisfaction, they may consult the original Vouchers, &c. at Savannah, in the Hands of Mr. Habersham; or, if they desire it, and will defray the Expence of Printing, every single Article of Debtor and Creditor shall be published by, Sir, Your very humble Servant,\nGeorge Whitefield\n         Orphan-House, in Georgia,\n         Orphan-House, in Georgia,\n         Sterling.\n         Sterling.\n         To Cash received from the 15th December, 1738, to the 1st January, 1745\u20136, by publick Collections, private Benefactions and annual Subscriptions, per Account,\n         By Cash paid Sundries by particular Accounts examined, from the 15th Decem. 1738, to the 1st January, 1745\u20136, for Buildings, Cultivation of Lands, Infirmary, Provisions, Wearing Apparel, and other incident Expenses,\n         To Balance superexpended, January 1. 1745\u20136,\nSavannah, in Georgia.\nL.S. This Day personally appeared before us Henry Parker and William Spencer, Bailiffs of Savannah aforesaid, the Reverend Mr. George Whitefield, and James Habersham, Merchant of Savannah aforesaid; who, being duly sworn, say, That the Accounts relating to the Orphan House, now exhibited before us, of which the above is an Abstract, amounting on the Debit Side (namely, for Collections and Subscriptions received) to the Sum of Four Thousand, Nine Hundred, Eighty Two Pounds, Twelve Shillings and Eightpence, Sterling, and on the Credit Side (namely, for Disbursements paid) to the Sum of Five Thousand, Five Hundred, Eleven Pounds, Seventeen Shillings, and Ninepence Farthing, Sterling, do, to the best of their Knowledge, contain a just and true Account of all the Monies collected by, or given to them, or any other, for the Use and Benefit of the said House; and that the Disbursements, amounting to the Sum aforesaid, have been faithfully applied to and for the Use of the same. And the Reverend Mr. Whitefield further declareth, that he hath not converted or applied any Part thereof to his own private Use and Property, neither hath charged the said House with any of his travelling, or any other private Expences whatsoever.\nGeorge Whitefield,James Habersham\n   Savannah, in Georgia.\nThis Day personally appeared before us, Henry Parker and William Spencer, Bailiffs of Savannah aforesaid, William Woodrooffe, William Ewen, and William Russell, of Savannah aforesaid; who being duly sworn, say, That they have carefully and strictly examined all and singular the Accounts relating to the Orphan House, in Georgia, contained in Forty One Pages, in a Book intituled, Receipts and Disbursements for the Orphan House in Georgia, with the original Bills, Receipts, and other Vouchers, from the Fifteenth Day of December, in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty Eight, to the First Day of January, in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty Five; and that the Monies received on Account of the said Orphan House, amounted to the Sum of Four Thousand, Nine Hundred, Eighty Two Pounds, Twelve Shillings, and Eightpence, Sterling, as above; and that it doth not appear that the Reverend Mr. Whitefield hath converted any Part thereof to his own private Use and Property, or charged the said House with any of his travelling, or other private Expences; but, on the contrary, hath contributed to the said House many valuable Benefactions; and that the Monies disbursed on Account of the said House, amounted to the Sum of Five Thousand, Five Hundred, Eleven Pounds, Seventeen Shillings, and Ninepence Farthing, Sterling, as above; which we, in Justice to the Reverend Mr. Whitefield, and the Managers of the said House, do hereby declare, appear to us to be faithfully and justly applied to and for the Use and Benefit of the said House only.\nWilliam Woodrooffe,William Ewen,William Russel\nSworn this 16th Day of April, 1746, before us Bailiffs of Savannah; in Justification whereof, we have hereunto fixed our Hands, and the common Seal.\nHenry Parker,William Spencer", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "04-17-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0030", "content": "Title: [Reflections on Courtship and Marriage, 17 April 1746]\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: \nThe Gazette of April 17, 1746, announced this pamphlet as \u201cJust Published.\u201d Charles R. Hildeburn assigned it to Franklin on the authority of a note, which he quoted as \u201cBy Benjamin Franklin. B.R. [Benjamin Rush],\u201d in the copy belonging to the Library Company of Philadelphia. Paul L. Ford and Carl Van Doren accepted this attribution. However, the Library Company\u2019s copy belonged in fact to James Read of Reading, who acquired it in 1774; and the inscription, in Read\u2019s hand, actually reads \u201cBy Mr. Franklin (the printer of it) I believe. J R.\u201d Another note on the title page, made by Lloyd P. Smith, librarian of the Library Company, on May 26, 1880, reads, \u201cJos. Sabin wrote me he had ascertained that Franklin was the author.\u201d The editors do not know what evidence Sabin had, but their judgment is that the pamphlet\u2019s style is too unlike Franklin\u2019s to ascribe it to him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "05-22-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0034", "content": "Title: From Benjamin Franklin to William Strahan, 22 May 1746\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Strahan, William\nSir\nPhilada. May 22. 1746\nThis is only to enclose a third Bill, for \u00a315.0.0 Sterling the first and second of which went from this Port directly and from Annapolis: And to desire you to send me two setts of Popple\u2019s Mapps of N. America one bound the other in Sheets, they are for our Assembly; they also want the Statutes at large, but as I hear they are risen to an extravagant Price, I would have you send me word what they will cost before you send them. Mr. Hall is well but has not time to write. We have heard nothing from you since yours of June 1745. I am Sir Your most humble Servant\nB Franklin\nP.S. I forgot to mention, that there must be some other large Map of the whole World, or of Asia, or Africa, or Europe, of equal Size with Popple\u2019s to match it; they being to be hung, one on each side the Door in the Assembly Room; if none can be had of equal Size, send some Prospects of principal Cities, or the like, to be pasted on the Sides, to make up the Bigness.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0035", "content": "Title: From Benjamin Franklin to William Vassall, 29 May 1746\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Vassall, William\nSir\nPhilada. May 29. 1746\nI have your Favour of the 19th Instant, with some Queries relating to the Small Pox; in Answer to which I am to acquaint you, That by the best Informations I have been able to procure, and which I believe are pretty near the Truth, between 150 and 160 Persons (mostly Children, the Small Pox having gone thro\u2019 this Place twice within these 15 Years) have been inoculated since the 10th of April last, when the Distemper began to spread here; of which Number one only died, a Child of two Years old, who expired the third Day after the Operation, no Signs of the Small Pox appearing, and therefore its Death is not ascribed to that Distemper, but to another Disorder it laboured under when inoculated; the Operation being perform\u2019d at the earnest Request of the Father, contrary to the Judgment of the Physician. Of the Rest who recovered or are on the Recovery, none have had so much as one dangerous Symptom. And yet perhaps all this Success will not serve to establish an Opinion of Great Advantage in the Practice of Inoculation, when it is known that at this Season the Small Pox have been of so benign a kind, in the common Way of Infection, that only five Persons of all Ages have died out of 160 or 170 who have had the Distemper without Inoculation; of which 5, one was a weak rickety Child; another a young Maid labouring under a violent Disorder incident to the Sex; and of the other three, tho\u2019 I know not the Circumstances, yet since no Choice was made of Subjects, nor Preparation of Bodies generally used, we may suppose that sundry Accidents might possibly concur with the Distemper to carry them off. Especially if it be true as I have heard, that 171 Persons have this Spring had the Small Pox at Brunswick in the Jersies in the Common Way and all recovered, not one dying in the whole Town. Our Physicians however agree, that those who have taken the Infection in the Common Way here, have not generally had the Distemper so light as those that were inoculated. I could give you their Reasonings on the Subject, but as you principally require Facts, and Hypotheses however ingenious have a deal of Uncertainty in them, I forbear. The principal Advantages I see in Inoculation, are, that it gives an Opportunity of laying hold of a favourable Season (as the present seems to be) to go thro\u2019 the Distemper; when otherwise a Person might not be taken down till it becomes generally more malignant, And that, the Time being fix\u2019d for the Operation, you can prepare the Body by Temperance and a little Physic, where such Precautions may be of use. As to your going to New York to be inoculated, perhaps such a Journey is not quite necessary; since, as has been try\u2019d here with Success, a dry Scab or two will communicate the Distemper by Inoculation, as well as fresh Matter taken from a Pustule and kept warm till apply\u2019d to the Incision. And such might be sent you per Post from hence, cork\u2019d up tight in a small Phial. You can hardly doubt of their taking Effect, since you seem to apprehend there might be Danger from my Letter, if it should have been near an infected Room. And I have somewhere read, that the Chinese actually preserve Scabs taken from a healthy Person for the Purpose, tho\u2019 their Manner of Inoculation is different from ours. The Esteem I contracted for you in the short Acquaintance we had in Boston, will always render every Service in my Power to do you, a Pleasure, to, Sir, Your most humble Servant\nB Franklin\nPlease to favour me with a Character of Treatise of Morality propos\u2019d to be publish\u2019d in Boston by Aristocles.\nAddressed: To \u2002Wm. Vassal Esqr \u2002Boston \u2002Free B Franklin\nEndorsed: From Benj. Franklin Phila. May 29th. 1746", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0036", "content": "Title: From Benjamin Franklin to William Vassall, 19 June 1746\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Vassall, William\nSir\nPhilada. June 19. 1746\nI received your Favour of the 9th Inst. with the New System of Morality. We have nothing lately publish\u2019d here fit to send you in Return. A few Copies of the Enclos\u2019d have been just printed at New York, at the Expence of the Author, who is a Friend of mine. His Intention in this small Impression, is, by distributing the Pieces among the few Learned and Ingenious in these Colonies, to obtain their Opinions, Censures, Corrections or Improvements, before he hazards a more general Publication. Five or Six Copies have been put into my Hands for this Purpose and I send one of them to you enclos\u2019d. If you have Leisure and Inclination for these kind of Studies, please to read it with Attention, and favour the Author with your Remarks, through my Hands. I can assure you, he is a most candid and ingenuous Man, and will think himself more oblig\u2019d to you for pointing out to him one Mistake, than to any one for 20 Encomiums. You may also communicate it to any of your Friends that you think likely in any Degree to answer the Author\u2019s Intention.\nSince the Account I gave you of the Small Pox here, I have been well informed, that about 3 Weeks since, 260 Persons had had that Distemper at New Brunswick in the Common Way, and that one only of the Number had died, who was an ancient Woman, and a Drinker of Rum. It spreads more and more among us, and continues favourable. We have never known so dry a Season. The upland Grass is almost all lost; the Country parch\u2019d up. This dry Season may be remembred with the favourable Small Pox; perhaps one may be in some Degree a Cause of the other. I am, Sir, Your obliged humble Servant\nB Franklin\n Addressed: To \u2002Wm. Vassall Esqr \u2002Boston \u2002Free B Franklin\nEndorsed: From Mr. Benjamin Franklin June 19th. 1746 June 19. 1746. From Mr. Benj Fra[nklin]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "07-10-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0037", "content": "Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, 10 July 1746\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Colden, Cadwallader\nSir\nPhilada. July 10. 1746\nI have your Favours of June 2d. and the 7th Instant. I thank you for your little Treatise. I have interleav\u2019d it, and am Reading it and Making Remarks as Time permits. I deliver\u2019d one, as you directed, to Mr. Evans; another to Mr. Bertram. The former declares he cannot understand it; the latter told me the other Day, that he could not read it with the necessary Attention, till after Harvest, but he apprehended he should find it out of his Reach. I have not seen Mr. Logan since I sent him one. Two other Gentlemen to whom I gave each one, have not yet given me their Opinions; and in Truth I think you are somewhat too hasty in your Expectations from your Readers in this Affair. There are so many Things quite new in your Piece, and so different from our former Conceptions and Apprehensions, that I believe the closest and strongest Thinker we have amongst us, will require much longer Time than you seem willing to allow before he is so much a Master of your Scheme, as to be able to speak pertinently of it. Indeed those whose Judgment is of Value, are apt to be cautious of hazarding it: But for my Part, I shall, without Reserve, give you my Thoughts as they rose, knowing by Experience that you make large candid Allowances to your Friends. In a Post or two more I shall send them, with Mr. Logan\u2019s Sentiments, if he will give them me, as I intend to see him in a few Days. Dr. Mitchel (as you will see by the enclos\u2019d, which please to return me) is gone to England. I have sent one of your Pieces to Mr. Rose.\nI wish our Governor would go to Albany, for I imagine the Indians have some Esteem for him. But he is very infirm of late; and perhaps your Governor has not invited him in such a Manner as to make him think his Company would be really acceptable. Of this, however, I know nothing. If you go, I heartily wish you a safe and pleasant Journey, with Success in your Negociations. I am, with much Respect, Sir Your most humble Servant\nB Franklin\n Addressed: To \u2002The Honble. Cadwallader Colden Esqr \u2002New York \u2002Free B Franklin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0038", "content": "Title: From Benjamin Franklin to William Strahan, 25 September 1746\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Strahan, William\nSir\nPhilada. Sept. 25. 1746\nYour Favours of Feb. 11. and May 1. are come to hand. Mesnard arrived safe this Morning, and I suppose I shall have the Trunks out in a Day or two. Our other Ships Lisle and Houston not yet come, but daily expected. I am much oblig\u2019d to you for your ready Compliance with my Requests. I sent you in the Spring a Bill on Messrs. Hoare and Arnold for \u00a315 which I hope came to hand, and will be as readily paid as that on George Rigge for \u00a315.7.1. I now send you the following Bills, viz.\nSterling\nJohn Dening\u2019s for\nGeorge Copper for\nJ. Bordely\u2019s for\nRa. Page\u2019s for\nSarah Gresham\u2019s for\nJno. Bond\u2019s for\nI wish the Sum had been all in one Bill, as the Trouble to you would be less; but Bills have been scarce lately, and we were glad to get any. I think however to send you no more such small ones.\nI shall as you desire deliver one of Ainsworth\u2019s Dictionaries to Mr. Read. You will please to take the Charge of it, off my Account in your Book, and add it to his.\nPlease to send me per next Vessel 6 Dozen of Dyche\u2019s Spelling Books, and as many of Owen\u2019s, with a Dozen of Post-Horns of different Sizes. I shall speedily send you another Bill.\nMy Wife joins with me in Thanks to you and good Mrs. Strahan and young Master, for your great Kindness to our Daughter. She shall make her Acknowlegements herself as soon as she is able.\nI congratulate you on the Defeat of Jacobitism by your glorious Duke, and the Restoration of Peace and Good Order within the Kingdom. We have just now an Account that a French Fleet of about 30 Sail were lately seen off Cape Sables; They are suppos\u2019d to be from Brest. I hope they are follow\u2019d by a superior Force from England, otherwise a great Deal of Mischief may be done in North America.\nI am sorry it so happen\u2019d that Mr. Collinson had bespoke the Books. The next Catalogue sent to him will be accompanied with a Request that he should purchase them of you only.\nOur Friends Messrs. Hall and Read continue well. I am Sir Your most obliged humble Servant\nB Franklin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "10-16-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0039", "content": "Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [Thomas Hopkinson?], [16 October 1746]\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Hopkinson, Thomas\nVaughan (Political, Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces, London, 1779, pp. 478\u201386) thought the addressee was Andrew Baxter; Duane (Memoirs, \u2026 with a Postliminious Preface, Phila., 1834, II, 383\u20135) thought it was Francis Hopkinson; Sparks (Works, vi, 87\u201393) and Bigelow (Works, II, 211\u201318) believed it was Thomas Hopkinson; Smyth (Writings, II, 317\u201322) named Cadwallader Colden. The present editors believe that Thomas Hopkinson was the most likely original addressee, although this copy, in Franklin\u2019s own hand, was sent to Colden as an enclosure in his letter of October 16.\nFurther confusion has arisen because none of the surviving manuscripts is dated. Duane dated the essay 1748; Sparks, Bigelow, and Smyth, 1747; while Vaughan\u2019s footnote that the market referred to in the final paragraph was Hungerford, near Craven Street, where Franklin lived in London, in effect dated the paper after 1757 (when Baxter, to whom he said it was addressed, was seven years dead). Franklin\u2019s letter to Colden makes it clear that his \u201cRemarks\u201d on Baxter\u2019s book were already written by October 16, 1746. Subsequently Franklin lost his own draft and asked Colden, on July 30, 1747, to return the copy sent him. In time Colden seems to have done so, since it survives among Franklin\u2019s papers instead of his.\nAccording to my Promise I send you in Writing my Observations on your Book. You will be the better able to consider them; which I desire you to do at your Leisure, and to set me right where I am wrong.\nI stumble at [the] Threshold of the Building, and [therefore have not read farther.] The Author\u2019s Vis Inertiae essential to Matter, upon which the whole Work is founded, I have not been able to comprehend. And I do not think he demonstrates at all clearly (at least to me he does not) that there is really any such Property in Matter.\nHe says, No. 2. \u201cLet a given Body or Mass of Matter be called A, and let any given Celerity be called C: That Celerity doubled, tripled, &c. or halved, thirded, &c. will be 2C, 3C &c. or \u00bdC, \u2153C &c. respectively. Also the Body doubled, tripled or halved, thirded; will be 2A, 3A, or \u00bdA, \u2153A, respectively.\u201d Thus far is clear. But he adds, \u201cNow to move the Body A with the Celerity C, requires a certain Force to be impressed upon it; and to move it with a Celerity as 2C, requires twice that Force to be impressed upon it, &c.\u201d Here I suspect some Mistake creeps in occasioned by the Author\u2019s not distinguishing between a great Force apply\u2019d at once, and a small one continually apply\u2019d, to a Mass of Matter, in order to move it. I think \u2019tis generally allow\u2019d by the Philosophers, and for aught we know is certainly true, That there is no Mass of Matter how great soever, but may be moved by any Force how small soever (taking Friction out of the Question) and this small Force continued will in Time bring the Mass to move with any Velocity whatsoever. Our Author himself seems to allow this towards the End of the same [No. 2] when he is subdividing his Celerities and Forces: For [as] in continuing the Division to Eternity by his Method of \u00bdC, \u2153C, \u00bcC, \u2155C, &c. you can never come to a Fraction of Celerity that is equal to oC, or no Celerity at all; so dividing the Force in the same Manner, you can never come to a Fraction of [Force] that will not produce an equal Fraction of Celerity. [Where] then is the mighty Vis Inertiae, and what is its Strength when the greatest assignable Mass of Matter will give way to [or be moved by] the least assignable Force? Suppose two Globes each equal to the Sun and to one another, exactly equipoised in Jove\u2019s Ballance: Suppose no Friction in the Center of Motion in the Beam or elsewhere: If a Musketo then were to light on one of them, would he not give Motion to them both, causing one to descend and the other to rise? If \u2019tis objected, that the Force of Gravity helps one Globe to descend: I answer, The same Force opposes the other\u2019s Rising: Here is an Equality, that leaves the whole Motion to be produc\u2019d by the Musketo, without whom those Globes would not be moved at all. What then does Vis Inertiae do in [this] Case? And what other Effect could we expect if there were no such Thing? Surely if it was any Thing more than a Phantom, there might be enough of it in such vast Bodies to annihilate, by its Opposition to Motion, so trifling a Force?\nOur Author would have reason\u2019d more clearly, I think, if, as he has us\u2019d the Letter A for a certain Quantity of Matter, and C for a certain Degree of Celerity, he had employ\u2019d one Letter more, and put F (perhaps) for a certain Quantity of Force. This let us suppose to be done; and then, as it is a Maxim that the Force of Bodies in Motion is equal to the Quantity of Matter multiply\u2019d by the Celerity, or F = C\u00d7A; and as the Force received by and subsisting in Matter when it is put in Motion, can never exceed the Force given; so if F move A with C, there must needs be required (See No. 3) 2F to move A with 2C; for A moving with 2C would have a Force equal to 2F, which it could not receive from 1F; and this, not because there is such a Thing as Vis Inertiae, for the Case would be the same if that had no Existence; but, because nothing can give more than it hath. And now again, if a Thing can give what it hath; if 1F can to 1A give 1C, which is the same thing as giving it 1F; i.e. if Force apply\u2019d to Matter at Rest, can put it in Motion, and give it equal Force; Where then is Vis Inertiae? If it existed at all in Matter, should we not find the Quantity of its Resistance subtracted from the Force given?\nIn No. 4. our Author goes on and says, \u201cThe Body A requires a certain Force to be impressed on it, to be moved with a Celerity as C, or such a Force is necessary; and therefore it makes a certain Resistance, &c. A Body as 2A, requires twice that Force to be moved with the same Celerity, or it makes twice that Resistance, and so on.\u201d This I think is not true, but that the Body 2A moved by the Force 1F, (tho\u2019 the Eye may judge otherwise of it) does really move with the same Celerity as 1A did when impell\u2019d by the same Force: For 2A is compounded of 1A+1A; And if each of the 1A\u2019s or each Part of the Compound were made to move with 1C, (as they might be by 2F) then the whole would move with 2C, and not with 1C as our Author Supposes. But 1F apply\u2019d to 2A makes each A move with \u00bdC, and so the Whole moves with 1C, exactly the same as 1A was made to do by 1F before. What is equal Celerity but a Measuring of the same Space by moving Bodies in the same Time? Now if 1A impell\u2019d by 1F measures 100 Yards in a Minute; and in 2A impell\u2019d by 1F, each A measures 50 Yards in a Minute, which added make 100, are not the Celerities as well as the Forces equal? And since Force and Celerity in the same Quantity of Matter are always in Proportion to each other, why should we, when the Quantity of Matter is doubled, allow the Force to continue unimpair\u2019d, and yet suppose one Half of the Celerity to be lost? I wonder the more at our Author\u2019s Mistake in this Point, since in the same No. I find him observing, \u201cWe may easily conceive that a Body as 3A, 4A, &c. would make 3 or 4 Bodies equal to once A, each of which would require once the first Force to be moved with the Celerity C.\u201d If then in 3A, each A require once the first Force F to be moved with the Celerity C, would not each move with the Force F, and Celerity C; [and consequently] the whole be 3A moving with 3F, and 3C? After so distinct an Observation, how could he miss of the Consequence, and imagine that 1C and 3C were the same? Thus as our Author\u2019s Abatement of Celerity in the Case of 2A moved by 1F, is imaginary, so must be his additional Resistance. And here again I am at a Loss to discover any Effect of the Vis Inertiae.\nIn No. 6 he tells us, \u201cThat all this is likewise certain when taken the contrary way, viz. from Motion to Rest; For the Body A moving with a certain Velocity as C requires a certain Degree of Force or Resistance to stop that Motion, &c. &c.\u201d That is, in other Words, equal Force is necessary to destroy Force. It may be so; but how does that discover a Vis Inertiae? Would not the Effect be the same if there were no such Thing? A Force 1F strikes a Body 1A, and moves it with the Celerity 1C, i.e. with the Force 1F. It requires, even according to our Author, only an opposing 1F to stop it. But ought it not, (if there were a Vis Inertiae) to have [not only the] Force 1F, but an additional Force equal to the Force of Vis Inertiae, that obstinate Power, by which a Body endeavours with all its Might to continue in its present State, whether of Motion or Rest? I say, ought there not to be an opposing Force equal to the Sum of these? The Truth however is, that there is no Body how large soever, moving with any Velocity how great soever, but may be stopped by any opposing Force how small soever, continually apply\u2019d. At least all our modern [Philosophers] agree to tell us so.\n[Let] me turn the Thing in what Light I please, I cannot [discover] the Vis Inertiae nor any Effect of it. Tis allowed [by all] that a Body 1A, moving with a Velocity 1C, and [a Force 1]F, striking another Body 1A at Rest, they [will after]wards move on together, each with \u00bdC, and \u00bdF; which, as I said before, is equal in the Whole to 1C and 1F. If Vis Inertiae as in this Case neither abates the Force nor the Velocity of Bodies, What does it, or how does it discover itself?\nI imagine I may venture to conclude my Observations on this Piece, almost in the Words of the Author, \u201cThat if the Doctrines of the Immateriality of the Soul, and the Existence of God, and of Divine Providence are demonstrable from no plainer Principles, the Deist hath a desperate Cause in Hand.\u201d I oppose my Theist to his Atheist, because I think they are diametrically opposite and not near of kin, as Mr. Whitefield seems to suppose where (in his Journal) he tells us, Mr. B. was a Deist, I had almost said an Atheist. That is, Chalk, I had almost said Charcoal.\nShall I hazard a Thought to you [that?] for aught I know is new, viz. If God was before all Things, and fill\u2019d all Space; then, when he form\u2019d what we call Matter, he must have done it out of his own Thinking immaterial Substance. The same, tho\u2019 he had not fill\u2019d all Space; if it be true that Ex nihilo nihil fit. From hence may we not draw this Conclusion, That if any Part of Matter does not at present act and think, \u2019tis not from an Incapacity in its Nature [but from] a positive Restraint. I know not yet [what other] Consequences may follow the admitting of [this position] and therefore I will not be oblig\u2019d to defend [it. Torn] \u2019tis with some Reluctance that I either [torn] in the metaphysical Way. The great Uncertainty I have found in that Science; the wide Contradictions and endless Disputes it affords; and the horrible Errors I led my self into when a young Man, by drawing a Chain of plain Consequences as I thought them, from true Principles, have given me a Disgust to what I was once extreamly fond of.\nThe Din of the Market encreases upon me, and that, with frequent Interruptions, has, I find, made me say some things twice over, and I suppose forget some others I intended to say. It has, however, one good Effect, as it obliges me to come to the Relief of your Patience, with Your humble Servant\n[B Franklin]\n Endorsed: Vis Inertia deny\u2019d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0041", "content": "Title: Receipt to Sarah Read, 21 October 1746\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: Read, Sarah\nAmong Franklin\u2019s papers in the American Philosophical Society is a receipt book of his mother-in-law, containing 27 receipts between 1715 and 1760, most of them between 1733 and 1747. Payments are recorded to William Rakestraw for carpentry, to Samuel Alford for making a silver spoon, to Anthony Nicholas \u201cfor Iron work Done too pump & Seller Dores of house,\u201d to Bridget Sullivan for beef and veal, to Simon Edgell, Samuel Coates and others for various kinds of goods. Richard Warder signed two receipts for rent paid by Mrs. Read, Christopher Thompson signed one. There are receipts from three different Receivers General for quitrents paid the Proprietaries \u201con half a lot in high Street.\u201d The only one given by Franklin is printed below. Mrs. Read\u2019s signed receipt to her son-in-law on this settling of accounts is in his Ledger D.\nSettled all old Accounts with Mother Mrs. Sarah Read, and I am Dr. to Ballance, One Pound Seventeen Shillings and seven pence half penny; the Bond of Portues\u2019s which I took up not reckon\u2019d. Witness my hand\nB Franklin\nSettled as above written, and the Ballance with \u00a320 Cash making in all the Sum of Twenty-one Pounds Seventeen Shillings and seven pence half penny receiv\u2019d towards that Bond per me\nB Franklin\nMem[orandu]m. The Cash was paid to my Wife some time ago.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "10-25-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0042", "content": "Title: To Benjamin Franklin from James Smith, 25 October 1746\nFrom: Smith, James\nTo: Franklin, Benjamin\nSir\nChester Town, Ocbr. 25th 1746\nYours of the 17th mentioning my chance in the New York Lottery for which I return you thanks And when you Shall get the money Please to Acquaint me. I may have Occation of Somthing in your way So that if you please to let the money lye with you tell then. I am with respects Sir Your Most humble Servant\nJam. Smith\n Addressed: To Mr. Benjamin Franklin \u2002Philadelphia", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1746", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Franklin/01-03-02-0044", "content": "Title: Extracts from the Gazette, 1746\nFrom: Franklin, Benjamin\nTo: \n\t[Advertisement ] All Persons indebted to the Printer hereof for a Year\u2019s Gazette, or more, are desired to make Payment. [February 11]\n\tFrom Lancaster County, and the upper Parts of Philadelphia County, we have received several Accounts of the Mischiefs done by mad Dogs, among the black Cattle, Horses, Sheep, &c. many of which run mad, and die a few Days after they are bitten, as do also the wild Creatures, Wolves, Foxes, &c. some sorts of which that us\u2019d to be very shy of Man, have run madly into the People\u2019s Houses and been kill\u2019d there. To prevent the Spreading of this Evil, some whole Townships have kill\u2019d all their Dogs. In our next we shall insert a Receipt, which is said to be an infallible Cure for the Bite of a mad Dog. [March 11]\n\t   Mr. John Bartram, Botanist, informs us, that he has had two fair Specimens of the English ash-colour\u2019d Ground-Liverwort, sent him by Dr. Dillenius, Chief Professor of Botany at Oxford; which appears to be exactly the same Species with ours in Pennsylvania, and the Places and Manner of their Growth near alike. It grows, he says, flat and spreading on the Ground, as broad as the Palm of one\u2019s Hand, in divided Lobes, in shady, poor, cold, clayey, or gravelly Ground; the upper Side is of an Ash Colour, the other is whitish, thick set with fibrous Roots by which it adheres close to the Ground. It is sufficiently plenty in many Parts of the Country. [March 27]\n\t   The Northern Post begins his Weekly Stage this Day at Three o\u2019 Clock in the Afternoon, till next Winter, during which Time this Paper will be published on Thursdays. [March 27]\n\t   [Advertisement ] Found this Morning, a Pair of Silver Knee-Buckles; the Owner by applying to the Printer, describing their Marks, and paying the Charge of this Advertisement, may have them again. [March 27]\n\t   Notice is hereby given to the Constables of the several Wards in the City of Philadelphia, and to the Constables of all the Townships and Burroughs in the several Counties of the Province of Pennsylvania, That by a late Act of Assembly of the said Province, entitled, An Act for the more effectual Suppressing profane Cursing and Swearing, they are enjoined and required, to affix a Copy of the said Act in the most publick Place in their respective Wards and Districts, under the Penalty of Five Pounds, to each Constable who shall neglect his Duty therein; which Copies are now printed on single Sheets as the Act directs, and ready to be delivered by the Printer of this Paper, to the several Constables, for the Purpose aforesaid, on their calling or sending for the same. [April 3]\n\t   [Advertisement ] To be Let, A Large Dwelling House on Society Hill, with a Kitchen, Wash House, Chaise House, Stable, and a Garden improved. Enquire of Robert Grace, Merchant, in Philadelphia, or the Printer hereof. [April 24]\n\t   \u2020\u2020New-York Lottery Tickets, sold by B. Franklin. Price 30s. each. [May 15]\n\t   The Revd. Mr. Whitefield arrived in Town on Saturday, and has preached every Day since in the New Building, to crouded Auditories. [May 22]\nPhiladelphia, May 29. 1746.\nTo All Concerned. Whereas I, the Subscriber, employed B. Franklin to print \u00a327.10.0 of Notes of Hand, viz. Twopenny, Threepenny, and Sixpenny Ones, out of meer Necessity for want of Pence for running Change, but made no more by him, nor any other Printer; whoever takes any of said Notes by me signed, shall have the same exchanged upon Demand with the best Money I have. Witness my Hand, Joseph Gray[May 29]\n\t   [Advertisement ] Lent from the Post-Office, Philadelphia, the second Volume of Pamela; the Person that has it, is desired to return it. [June 26]\n\t   There are great Rejoicings in Town on account of the Defeat of the Rebels by the Duke of Cumberland. [July 10]\n\t   [Advertisement ] Those who have any Muskets or Guns of a good sizeable Bore, or Cutlasses, to dispose of, may hear of a Purchaser, by applying to the Printer hereof. [July 24]\n\t   In Pursuance of the Governor\u2019s late Proclamation for that Purpose, Thursday last was observed here with a becoming Solemnity, as a Day of Publick Thanksgiving to Almighty God, for the Suppression of the Rebellion in Scotland, &c. Great Numbers of People attended at all the Places of Worship in the fore Part of the Day; and his Honour the Governor entertained near a hundred of the principal Gentlemen and Inhabitants of the City at Dinner; where our Happiness under the present Constitution, both in Church and State, and the great Obligations we have to the Family on the Throne, were properly and decently remember\u2019d. [July 31]\n\t   [Advertisement ] Lost, a Fortnight ago, in the Market Place, a Stone Sleeve Button, set in Gold. The Person that has found it, and will bring it to the Post-Office, Philadelphia, shall be sufficiently rewarded. [July 31]\n\t   [Advertisement ] Henry Pratt is removed from the Sign of the Ship a-Ground in Front-street, to the Royal Standard in Market Street, opposite the Butcher\u2019s Shambles; where he keeps Tavern as formerly. [August 14]\n\t   Saturday last the Rev. Mr. Whitefield arrived here from New-York: He preached twice on Sunday, and once every Day since, in the New-Building, to crowded Auditories. [August 21]\n\t   Last Sunday Evening the Rev. Mr. Whitefield preach\u2019d to a very large Auditory (among whom were many of the principal Persons of this City) a most excellent Sermon on Occasion of the late Victory over the Rebels; in which he set the Mischiefs of Popery and arbitrary Power, and the Happiness the Nation has enjoy\u2019d under the present Royal Family, in the strongest Lights; and pathetically exhorted to Repentance and Amendment of Life in Gratitude for that signal Deliverance. No Discourse of his among us has given more general Satisfaction; nor has the Preacher ever met with a more universal Applause; having demonstrated himself to be as sound and zealous a Protestant, and as truly a loyal Subject, as he is a grand and masterly Orator. [August 28]\n\t   On Thursday last the Reverend Mr. Whitefield left this City, after having preached here the greatest Part of the Summer to large Congregations, which the longer he staid increased the more. He never was so generally well esteemed by Persons of all Ranks among us; nor did he ever leave us attended with so many ardent Wishes for his happy Journey thro\u2019 Maryland and Virginia, and to Georgia, and a safe Return to this Place. We shall probably see him next Summer in his Way to Boston, unless he should embark in the Spring for Barbados, and the other West India Islands. [September 25]\n[Advertisement ] Just imported, and to be sold by B. Franklin, Bibles of various Sizes, from large Folio, down to the smallest Pocket Bibles; Testaments, Common Prayers, Confessions of Faith, large and small, Gray\u2019s Works, compleat, Vincent on Judgment, Dyer\u2019s Golden Chain, Life of Monsieur De Renty; Journals of the Siege of Cape-Breton, with a large Map of Louisburgh, &c. Salmon\u2019s Gazetteer, better than Echard\u2019s; Watts\u2019s Lyric Poems; Watts\u2019s Logic, with Supplement; Watts\u2019s Essays; Medical Essays of Edinburgh; Cocker\u2019s Arithmetick, &c. &c.\nNavigation Books. Quarto Waggoners for America; Mariner\u2019s Compass Rectified; Mariner\u2019s Calendar; Atkinson\u2019s Epitome, with Scales and Dividers.\nLatin School Books. Accidences; Lilly\u2019s Grammars; Ruddiman\u2019s Rudiments; Bayley\u2019s Exercises; Vocabularies; Parsing Books; Roberts\u2019s Cato; Wayett\u2019s Phedrus; Selectae \u00e8 Profanis Historiae; Selectae \u00e8 Veteri Testamenti Historiae; Clark\u2019s Grammars, Esop, Eutropius, Erasmus, Ovid, Nepos, Salust, Justin and Florus.\nFrench School Books. Boyer\u2019s Grammar; Blair\u2019s Ditto; Boyer\u2019s Dictionary; Sterling\u2019s Cordery; French Testaments; Palaitet\u2019s Arts and Sciences, French and English; Cambray\u2019s Tales and Fables, Ditto; History of England, Ditto.\nDutch School Books. Beiler\u2019s German Grammars; Ludwig\u2019s Dictionary, High Dutch and English.\nWith Psalters, Primmers, Paper, Sealing Wax, Ink-powder, and all Sorts of Stationary Ware. [October 2]\nMonday next will be published, and sold by B. Franklin, The Votes of the last Sessions of the Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania. To which is added, The Treaty held with the Indians at Albany, in October, 1745. Price 3s. 6d.\nN.B. Those who incline to take the Treaty without the Votes, may have it separate. [October 2]\n\t   Just Published, and sold by B. Franklin, Poor Richard\u2019s Almanack, For the Year 1747. Likewise The Pocket Almanack, For the Year 1747. [November 6]\nPhiladelphia, November 6. 1746.\nLent, but forgot to whom, Locke\u2019s essay on human understanding, and the two volumes of the Guardians. The persons that borrowed them, are desired to return them, to William Logan. N.B. Locke\u2019s essay has my father J. Logan\u2019s name in the tital page. [November 6]\nPhiladelphia, November 13. 1746.\nDropt about two weeks since, in Market-street, between the Market-house and Third-street, a dirty white linnen shirt, and a pair of thread stockings: The person that pick\u2019d them up, is desir\u2019d to send them to the Post-Office. [November 13]\nPhiladelphia, November 20. 1746.\n[Advertisement ] All Sorts of Deeds and Conveyances, carefully drawn, by Thomas Hopkinson, in Front-street. [November 27]\n\t   \u2042The Northern Post begins his Fortnight\u2019s Stage at Two o\u2019Clock this Afternoon; during which Time this Paper will be publish\u2019d on Tuesdays. [December 2]\nTuesday last died here Thomas Griffitts, Esq; Keeper of the Great Seal of this Province; he was for some Years one of the Judges of the Supream Court, and has been twice Mayor of this City.\nHe is succeeded in his Office as Keeper of the Great Seal by Lyn-Ford Lardner, Esq; the Proprietaries Receiver General. [December 16]\nPhiladelphia: Printed by B. Franklin, Post-Master, at the New-Printing-Office, near the Market.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1746}
]