[
{"content": "Here begins the tale of Emperor Octavian of Rome.\n\nOnce upon a time, lords both old and young,\nListen to my sweet story,\nOf whom I will tell,\nJesus, our heavenly king,\nGrant us all your divine blessing,\nAnd make us glad and joyful.\n\nTrue tales I will tell you,\nOf what happened one day,\nAs recorded in Roman books,\nOf what transpired among our ancestors, old and often,\n\nOnce upon a time, there was an emperor,\nIn Rome of great honor,\nA man of great renown,\nWhose deeds were read about in Rome,\nHe was a man of great honor,\nHe lived in joy and favor,\nA valiant man in tournament and battle,\nThe strongest in the world under his command,\nOctavian was the name of the emperor,\nThe noblest knight in the world,\nA noble man in deed,\nHe had an empress as his wife,\nOne of the fairest who had ever lived.\nThus say the clerks to us,\nThey had been together for seven years,\nWith joy and mirth between them.\n\nOne day, the emperor,.In his chamber, he began to sport and play\nWith his empress so bright,\nHe beheld her fair countenance,\nAs white as a blossom on a tree,\nAnd seemly in appearance.\nA sorrow came upon his heart,\nThat he might have children, none,\nTheir lands to rule rightfully.\nBy his lady, he set himself,\nFor upon her his mind was knotted,\nHe was so kind a knight,\nWhen the lady saw it,\nShe changed all her fearful aspect,\nAnd sighed sorely,\nShe fell on her knees before her lord again,\nAnd entreated him to comfort him,\nAnd of his great care,\n\"Good lord, if it is your will,\nYour counsel that you would bring me till,\nAnd of your life's care,\nYour counsel to me that you discover,\nAnd for me it shall never depart,\nI shall keep it while I may endure,\nAnd in his arms, he began to fold,\nAnd told her all his counsel.\"\nWe have been together for seven years,\nAnd have no children between us,\nWe shall both live but a short time,\nI do not know how my son will fare,\nBut he shall live in sorrow and care,\nWhen I am brought to bed,\nI sleep poorly/unhealthy at night..Then we will create a rich abbey for our dear lady, and give lands until we may pray for her son's fair countenance, allowing us to rule our land at will. They allowed us to build an abbey. The lady gave birth to two children. As it was God's will, at last she was delivered of two children. They seemed to be:\n\nTwo ladies brought word to the emperor. He lay in his tower, a glad man. They brought him good gifts: gold and feathers. The emperor rose with a mild mood to his chapel, where he held a priest to sing mass. His mother was there. She said, \"I am very happy that the empress will have her life and live with us in the land. But I greatly fear that Rome will be wrongfully arrayed and in the hands of strangers. Why do you speak thus? Now I have two children.\".I thank God for his son's actions. She soon said mine. Well, I know they are not yours. It displeases me greatly in this land. For thou mightest not have children. Thy wife has taken a cook's servant. I will prove it by skill. A sorrow came to the emperor's heart. He could not speak that word. She went away quietly. To her chamber she went. The emperor still stood at mass. As a man who was in care. The emperor's mother called a servant and gave him gifts to take to the emperor's chamber. A.C. pound and more. To the emperor's chamber, you servant, take your way. There the empress lay in childbed. Asleep she was there. For why she had woken so long, In pain and strong care, Or she had delivered. Hasten with all your might. Carefully, that you were undiscovered. And that you be unclad. Softly by her you enter. That she wake not from her sleep. Full sick she is attended. Hastily the servant was undressed. And in he went as she bade him. In the rich bed. But ever the servant drew him away From the riches that lay upon him. He was very afraid..To the emperor she went\nAnd asked him to come with good intent\nAt mass he stood there\nBut if you don't believe me\nThe truth you now shall see\nTo the chamber with her he went\nWhen he saw the sight then\nA sorrow to his heart ran\nNearly driving him to madness\nThe groom in the bed he saw\nRich clothes spread over him\nOf that gold he thought not good\nThe lady lay fast asleep\nA dreadful dream she met\nSo light a weight she thought it was\nShe believed she was in a wilderness\nIn sorrow and great despair\nUnable to see\nShe thought a dragon came flying\nWith fire burning bright\nAnd in his pauses, flames blew up\nHe took her children two\nAnd flew away\nThen the lady began to wake\nA dreadful groaning she made\nAnd she sighed sore\nThe emperor went to the groom\nHe seized him at once\nHe struck off his head\nAnd placed it in the bed\nThe rich clothes were all stained with blood\nOf rich gold though it was.The great treason that was wrought,\nThe lady slept and knew nothing,\nHer discomfort was the more,\nThey spoke no more of this until the empress went to church,\nAccording to the law in that land,\nThe emperor made a feast, I understand,\nFor kings who were in various lands,\nFar away from home,\nThe king of Calabria was there,\nWhose father was the empress,\nHe begged for mercy,\nThey all came together on a day,\nWith joy and games and much play,\nThe lady went to the church,\nThe kings dwelled there together,\nThere was both joy and play,\nAt that rich dinner,\nWith good food and drinks among,\nHarps, lutes, and good song,\nLutes and good sautr\u00e9s,\nUntil the seventh day we were all gone,\nWith all wealth in that one place,\nAnd merriment,\nThere never was such a gathering,\nThat had such a sorrowful parting.\nI shall tell you why,\nGreat sorrow it was to tell,\nOn a day how it happened,\nListen and you may hear,\nThe emperor went to his chamber,\nAnd his knights stood around him,\nWith a full glad cheer,\nThe emperor said, \"I understand.\".A certain adventure occurred in that land,\nAs a lady will relate here,\nHe revealed all the treason to them at once,\nAnd asked what sentence should be passed,\nAnd what she was worthy of,\nWhen the emperor had heard the tale,\nThe king of Calabria answered boldly,\nHe didn't know what it meant,\nHe said, \"For her sake, I shall make a great fire,\"\nThis is my sentence,\nWhen the fire is burning fiercely,\nShe and her children are to be cast\nTo death to be burned,\nThe emperor answered immediately,\nYour own daughter has done this,\nI give my consent,\nThere was sorrow and great pity,\nA fire was made outside the city,\nWith burning brands,\nTo the fire they brought the lady,\nTwo squires bore her children,\nWho seemed worthy to be seen,\nTo the fire they led her to be killed,\nReady she is,\nThe king of Calabria made ill cheer,\nFor sorrow could not restrain his daughter near,\nBoth king and knight wept,\nThe lady saw no better end,\nBut she must necessarily be killed,\nThat day in the field,\nWith a sorrowful heart, I tell the truth..Before the emperor, on her knees she fell,\nAnd both her hands up held.\nGrant me, Lord, for Jesus' sake,\nThat I might make a prayer to him,\nWho rules all, and then do with me as you will.\nWhat death you will put me through,\nI will yield myself to it.\nThe lady on her knees set herself,\nAnd Jesus Christ she often greeted.\nNo wonder, though she was wo,\nShe said, \"Lord and King of bliss,\n\"This day you will redeem and save me,\n\"And heavenly queen also,\n\"Maid Mary, mother free,\n\"My prayer I will make to Thee,\n\"For my children two,\n\"As you let them be born of me,\n\"Grant that they may be christened be,\n\"Or to death they should go.\"\nKings and queens and ladies fell around,\nAnd knights stood weeping.\nThe emperor stood near,\nTears fell down on his cheek,\nHe stood sorrowfully there.\nThe emperor spoke a word of pity,\n\"Dame,\" he said, \"thy death I will not see,\n\"With heart nor hand.\"\nThe emperor gave her leave to go,\nAnd took her her children two,\nAnd bade her go out of the land.\nThe emperor gave her forty pound..Of Florence's that were red and round,\nAs we now read in history,\nHe commanded her knights two,\nOut of the land her to lead, the two,\nThe two knights bore her children,\nTo what land she loved best,\nShe was sore afraid there,\nThe king from the parliament,\nEvery lord to his own land went,\nAnd there dwelt with good intent,\nFor sorrow their hearts bled there,\nThat lady came into a wilderness,\nFull of wild beasts,\nThe wood was strong and thick,\nThe knights took the lady and her children two,\nAnd took her gold and bade her go,\nAs the way lay right,\nThey bade her hold the high street,\nFor fear of wild beasts to meet,\nMany were of might,\nAgain the knights went with sorrowful mood,\nAlone the empress went forth,\nA woeful sight,\nShe had wept so much before,\nThat her right way she had lost,\nSo much she was in thought,\nIn a wood that was full thick,\nWhat hills and leaves also,\nHer way she found not.\nIn a slough under a hill,\nShe found a fair well..And an arbor was ready, wrought with olive trees. The arbor was set with a lady seated and wept. Further she could not go. The lady by the well sat, with doleful cheer and heavy heart. She might not go further. Lady: \"Lord, from heaven's bliss, this day thou me redeem and save. God send me some succor soon. Maid Mary, mother free, My prayer will I make to thee. To amend my sorrowful moan. I am full of sorrow and care. And these three days I have gone and more. No food had I. By that she had her children drowned. It was nearly night. As she sat by the well, In the arbor down she lay, Till it was light of the day. Then came birds to sing and call. There came an ape to seek his prayer. One of her children he bore away. Up. No more. The ape bore her child from her. In swooning down she fell. In all the sorrow that the lady was in, There came running a wild lion. That was dead there. In a swoon as the lady lay, Her other child she bore away. Her discomfort was the more. The lady was full of heaviness there..For the wild beasts away bear their children in sorrow,\nTheir hearts began to bleed to Jesus Christ. She mourned\nAnd signing forth she went\nThere came a foul, fair creature of flight,\nA griffon it was called rightly,\nOver the hills it soared,\nThe creature was so mighty\nIt would well bear a knight armed,\nThe lioness and the child it took,\nAnd flew into an isle of the sea,\nBoth with him it bore,\nThe child slept in the lioness' mouth,\nWhether well or woe it knew not,\nBut God keep it from care,\nWhen the lioness had feet on land,\nShe stood steadfastly,\nAs a beast that was strong and wild,\nThrough God's grace the griffon she slew,\nAnd from its flesh ate enough,\nAnd lay down by the child,\nThe child sucked the lions,\nAs God willed it was,\nAnd the parents rejoiced,\nThe lions made much of the child,\nAnd all for her cubs' sake,\nShe was therefore full mild,\nWith her foot she scraped a den,\nAnd brought the young child therein,\nAnd kept it day and night,\nWhen the lions were sorely hungry..She ate of the griffon evermore,\nThat was so strong and heavy,\nAnd as it was God's will,\nThe lions loved the child full well,\nThat was so fair and bright.\nThe lady set her on a stone,\nTo cry to Ihesu Crist she made her moan,\nAs a woeful wight.\nIhesu Crist, king of bliss,\nThis day thou me redeem and save,\nOf all kings thou art the flower,\nAs I was a king's daughter and queen,\nAnd empress of Rome have been,\nAnd of many a rich tower,\nThrough this treason that is wrought upon me,\nTo much sorrow I am brought,\nAnd out of my honor.\nThis life I may endure,\nA lord, the sorrow that I am in,\nWell I wot it is for my sin,\nWelcome be all thy sons and daughters,\nTo the world I will myself never give,\nBut serve the Lord while I live.\nReceive me with thy hand,\nDown by a hill the way she found,\nAnd to the Greek sea she came,\nAnd went by the strand.\nBefore her an haven she saw,\nAnd a city with gay towers,\nThe ready way she found,\nWhich brought her to the town,\nA ship she found ready bound..with pilgrims to fare, she asked the shipmen for gold and food, so that she might remain with them if they were to set the boat upon the flood and row to the land, where the lady stood. A strong man stood by the mast, bidding her to sit. No man could fathom her woe, but she wept bitterly. The ship was held by an island's side, and the master bade them to wait. They had no fresh water. Besides them, there was a rock high and a strong stream running by. A man came running over a stone. Then two men were sent to the shore, and they went towards the strong stream. They found the well as I tell you. The lioness lay in her den and was glad of these two men. Full soon she had them slain. The ride at anchor grew long. These two men were to wait till none was of the day. Twelve men armed with helm and halberd went to the land. They found the lioness in her den and saw a man-child there with her. The lioness played with him. Sometimes he sucked the lioness's pap..And while they kissed and clapped hands,\nThey fled in fear and went away.\nThey returned and told what they saw:\nA rock high above, an isle with a lion's den.\nThere the lioness played with a child lying there.\nAnd killed both her men.\nThe lady said, \"That is my mild child.\"\nAnd on land, let me have him.\nBefore them, she set herself upon the flood.\nAlone, the lady went forth.\nThey all wept sore then.\nWhen she came to the rock high above,\nShe ran as fast as she could,\nWith a sorrowful mood.\nThe lioness, through God's grace,\nWhen she saw the lady's fair face,\nRemained still.\nThrough Mary's mild might,\nShe allowed the lady to take her child.\nAnd with the lady, she went to the sea.\nWhen the sailors saw the lioness,\nThey dared not come near the land.\nFor fear they were near mad.\nSome took an ore [or stone] and some a spear,\nThis wild lioness to meet.\nInto the boat they called her.\nThirty four.\nThere dared no man come near..There durst no man come near him. there men could see game and play. Four men leaped into the sea. So afraid were they of the lioness there. By the lady the lioness lay and played with the child. And no man dared approach her. The sailors drew up sail of rich hue. The wind blew them from land. Over that wan sea, the first land they saw was a city with high towers. It was called Jerusalem. Full blithe they were at this sight. As is the foul when it is light. Of that day I remember. When it was ebb and no flood, the sailors and the lady went to land. In that rich realm, wide and long, of that lady the word spread. That there to land was granted. And how she had a lioness brought with her from the wilderness. The king after her sent. The king bade let nothing hinder. But the lioness with the lady to bring. To a castle there near hand. When she came to the king, For the empress of rich Rome, The king well knew her. The king greeted her with kindness. And she told him of her care..As a full-grown man, the queen's consort dwelled with her still, and had maidens at her disposal to serve her day and night. The fair and free child the king made christened, and named him Octavian, when he was old enough to ride and wield arms. The king dubbed him a knight. The lioness, so wild, lived with the gentle lady. Her comfort was increased. The lady continued to dwell with the queen, with joy and games between them, to cheer her up. Every day he served that lady brightly, to make her happy with all his might, until she was better. In Jerusalem, that lady still dwelt. I will tell you about the other child. An ape, so wild, came through the forest with the child. As the ape came over the street, it met a knight. The child, as she was carrying, he fought against the ape that was so strong. His sword he broke there. The ape left the child and went away..A knight took the child from her, and rode on with him. Together they journeyed, and in a forest they encountered ten outlaws of great might. The knight was never so woeful, for his sword was broken in two, leaving him unable to fight. If the knight had been in no such distress, the outlaws would have taken the child from him, for he was both strong and sturdy. The knight was wounded that day, and his horse carried him away. He was in a pitiful state. The outlaws placed the child among them, and they laughed. The master outlaw then spoke, \"It would bring great shame upon us, hardy men, if we were to kill this child. I recommend we carry it with great pride to Jerusalem beside, and do it no harm. It is so fair and gentle, a treasure we may have for its sake. Gold and silver plentifully yield.\" The two outlaws readied themselves to travel to Jerusalem. It was a sweet journey. There was no man in sight who beheld the child, for they wept bitterly with their eyes. He was so fair to behold. A burgher of Paris approached closely..That palmer had been sept years, Clement Lunlayne he was called, he said lordly words to the child, \"Will you sell him for money if you'll tell?\" Florence's brother, bright and fair, they would sell him for fifty pounds. Clement said, \"You may keep him or sell him if you choose. I swear by my head, I can scarcely do good such words to say. Gold and silver is need to me, but I will ask you for twenty-five pounds and make you ready to pay. The child they sold, and twenty-five pounds he gave them. And he went forth his way. When Clement had bought the child, he had a pouch made to lead him in. He took him the way right and asked him with all his might, \"What is your best reed?\" A Norseman he got for him to go with. The child to feed, The burghers of Paris were very glad, many went with Clement again. All rent was his wage. They called him, kissed him all, and brought him home into the hall. His wife was very happy. She welcomed him rightly, how that he came by the child. He told her fully..A woman in Jerusalem I got it (the child)\nAnd there I would not let him\nThe truth I will tell you\nHis wife answered with a mild heart\nLady, it shall be my own child\nShe kissed it many a time\nLady said, \"Clement,\" while I was a pilgrim\nI got this child with my flesh\nIn the pagan land\nInto this land I have brought him\nTherefore, lady, do not grieve\nFor rich shall be his bride\nShe answered him with free words\n\"He is welcome to me, so may it be\"\nFor fair I shall feed him\nAnd keep him with our own child\nUntil he becomes old\nAnd clothe them in one garment\nClement was therefore very pleased\nHe baptized the child swiftly\nIt stayed but one night\nImmediately after them they called\nFlorent, the child's name\nWhen the child was seven years old\nHe was fair, wise, and bold\nThe man who reads rightly\nIn all the realm wide and long\nOf the child the word springs forth\nSo fair he was by sight\nEver the burghers and his wife\nLoved the child as their life\nWith him they were very dear\nWhen he was seven years and more\nClement set the child to learn..To be a chancellor, Clement gave two oxen to Florence and bade him go\nOver the bridge to a butcher, as you shall hear,\nTo learn the craft to do,\nAs his kind was never to do so.\nSuch games for him to learn,\nFlorence over the bridge began to go,\nFasting driving his oxen two,\nHe saw a seemly sight,\nA squire there was, as I tell,\nA gerfalcon he bore to sell,\nWith feathers folded right.\nFlorence to the squire you went,\nAnd both his oxen to him lent,\nFor that falcon brought,\nThe squire was wonder bright,\nAnd gave to him the falcon swift,\nWith heart good and light.\nThe squire hastened him full swift,\nHis oxen away for to drive,\nThat he were out of sight,\nAnd Florence to flee was full fine,\nHe thought he would have his falcon again,\nHe ran with all his might,\nHe went home the next way,\nTo Clement's house as it lay,\nAnd he in went full right,\nHe fed the falcon while he would,\nAnd then his fair feathers folded,\nAs the squire had him taught by sight.\nClement the burges came in full soon,\nTraitor, where have you the oxen down?.That I took the full right\nGreat dolemen might see there\nClement beat the child full sore\nThat was so sweet a wight\nWith other meat thou shalt not live\nBut that this kite will give\nBoth by day and by night\nAs sore beat as the child stood\nyet to his falcon he flew\nHis feathers to right\nClement's wife thought it strange\nThat Clement beat him so sore\nHe asked his father why\nFather said the child for Christ's ore\nBe in peace and beat me no more\nBut you know why\nWould you now a while behold\nHow fair he folds his feathers\nAnd how lovingly they lie\nYou would pray to God with mild mode\nThat you had sold half your good\nSuch one for to buy\nThe burgh's wife stood beside\nFull sore she regretted\nAnd said for thine ore\nFor Mary's love that meek maid\nHave mercy on your fair child\nAnd beat him no more\nLet him be at home and serve us two\nAnd let our other son out go\nEach day for to learn\nSuch grace for him may be wrought\nTo a better man he may be brought\nThan he a boor were..After all this happened, Clement began to tell his brother, in his chamber, that he had forty pounds. Clement gave it to his son, Florent, and sent him to the bridge. The money was to carry the child through the city. He saw a man standing aside, strong in every way. The man was white as any milk. The bridle reins were of silk. The millstones were all gold. The child was wonderfully bold. He asked how the man would sell the steed. The man would tell him. The man demanded thirty pounds of red and round florins. No less he would sell it. Florent said he would give ten pounds more. And ten pounds he then promised in truth. The squire was very pleased and took the silver to himself quickly. He hurried away. Florent leapt up to tie the horse to Clement's house with great pride. And he took the high way. He thought to ride in at the hall. He sought no other stall. He set himself up there in truth. Florent was glad as you say, and gave his horse corn and hay..He kneels down and addresses him gently.", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "through or for the third is a sign of the ablative case\nHow many declensions are there, five of which are the first, the second, the third, the fourth, and the fifth?\nHow do we know the first for the genitive dative case?.How do you identify a pronoun for him, set for five dyriatiuses? I am called the nominative case and all other oblique cases. Every nominative case. How many declensions does a pronoun have: four, why are the first, second, third, and fourth? How is the first for the genitive case shown: dativus in I, an en togo genitio mei vel mis michi? How many pronouns belong to this declension: three, why are they iij, Ego tu sui; the second genitive case singular ends in ius or ius. & the dative in i or ic as illius huius / illi / huic. How many pronouns belong to this declension: five, why are they ille ipse iste hic & is & viii; with their composites unus / vllus / ut nullus / totus solus in the dativus case i\u0304 ati. as nostras / tis / ti. How many pronouns belong to this declension: two, why are they nr\u0304as & vr\u0304as..[How do I identify a verb? A verb, without case or article, can be recognized by its function to do or to suffer or to be. How many tenses does a verb have, seven being the number of modes/conjugations, genera, numbers, figures, and persons? How is the imperative mood formed, as it gives a command or a bid? The latter of these will be the infinitive mood. How many conjugations are there in the infinitive mood, as in \"to love\"? The second, for \"has\" has been before it in the infinite mode, speaking of the active and passive both, and four participles as mentioned before. It speaks of past time with this sign had or had had. The future tense it speaks of as \"shall come\" with this sign shall. How is the first tense formed, as]\n\n[How do you identify an adverb? It signifies]\n\n[How do you identify a participle? It takes the p]", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "This blessed virgin Saint Catherine was of the lineage and noble kin of the Emperor of Rome, as will be declared more clearly hereafter, by a noble chronicle which most blessed life and conversation was written about the sole doctor Athanasius, who knew her birth, kin, holy life, and conversation. And this same Athanasius was taken in as a child by her mothers in her tender age, and by the grace of the Holy Ghost, she was converted to the faith. And after her conversion, she converted Athanasius by holy and marvelous works that our Lord worked through her. And afterward, by his wisdom, he was made bishop of Alexandria, and was a glorious pillar of the holy church, by the grace of our Lord God and her holy merits, as we find in credible chronicles. In the time of Emperor Diocletian and Maximian, so great and cruel tyranny was shown in the world, not only towards Christians but also towards pagans, that in that time, many realms that were subject to them put away the yoke..The servant and officer withstood the tribute that was due to the emperor of Rome. Therefore, a lord of great dignity from the high council of Constantius was chosen to appease the rebellion. This lord, who was before all other men in arms and right discreet and full of virtues, stopped the rebellion with his virtue and manly governance. The rebels deserved his love from all his enemies, so much so that the king and all his people desired that he should marry the daughter and heir of the land, and when this was done, within a while after the king of Hermonia died, Constantius was crowned king of that land. The king, who within a while after had a son by the queen, was named Costus. And soon after that, the queen died, for whom there was great lamentation among her people. After her death, Constantius the king turned again to Rome to see the emperor's welfare and to know how his lordships were governed there..parties. In the meantime, troubles came to the emperor of Rome, as great Britain, now called England, rebelled against him. It was decided among the council that it was necessary to request the king of Hermania to take action and quell this rebellion. The king granted this request graciously and headed towards the alliance. Therefore, we are in darkness and it was seen among the council that Queen Ermine, sitting in her palace, was constantly thinking and imagining how she might find this new spouse with many a tear and many a sigh, for her blind ignorance. Before I leave this young queen, I shall turn, as the Lord will give me grace, to show her how our Lord called her to baptism in a singular manner.\n\nI and into the presence of the young queen, and there you must say to her that this lady greets her well, whose son she chases to her lord and husband, sitting here..The parliament with her mother and all her lords were present where she had a great contest and battle in keeping her virginity. She was told that the same lord whom she had chosen there is my son, who is a chaste virgin, and he desires her beauty and loves her chastity among all virgins on earth. He bids her without delay that she come with you alone to this place, and she shall be newly clothed, and then she shall see him and have him as her eternal spouse. The hermit, hearing this, answered, \"O blessed Lady, how should I do this message? For I neither know the city nor the way, and what am I, even if I knew it, to do such a message for the queen? Her men will not allow me to come to her presence, and she will not believe me of my message. But put me in custody as though I were a fool.\" Adrian said, \"Blessed Lady, fear not for what my son has begun in her; it must necessarily be completed. For she is a particularly chosen vessel of grace before all.\".other women therefore tarry not in fear. For both you shall know the city and also the way into her palaces, for there shall no creature take heed of you. And when you come into her palaces, take good heed which doors open against you and enter in boldly until you come to this fair young queen whom you shall find alone in her study, deeply engrossed in her thoughts, for my son has compassion on her labor and for her goodwill, she shall be specially fed with his grace, which was never none like to her. Therefore, Adrian, hurry and bring me my dear daughter whom I love with all my heart.\n\nAnd when Adrian had received his message, he laid himself down flat before his sovereign lady, saying in this way: \"All worship and joy be to my Lord God, your blessed son. And your blessed will be fulfilled, and I will go at your commandment.\"\n\nAnd anon, Adrian rose himself up and hastened to the city of Alisander and passed the desert..and so he went forth to the city and so he went to the palaces as he had learned, and entered in at the doors which opened against him. He went from chamber to chamber until he came to the secret study where no creature came but she herself alone. When he entered at the door, he saw where she sat, the fairest and most beautiful creature that any creature might behold. She sat so sad in her study that she heard him not until he knelt before her.", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "In casting a laugh, she amuses me with a pretty smile, making me somewhat joyous. But coming to a delightful bed, I struggle to hold the spear in a full hand. It plays and falters, unwilling to stand. When I heard her babble and language, her gentle terms spoken so properly, I wish I were in her age, eighteen, nineteen, or forty-two. Such assaults I would give, that for them she should have no need to ask for the great pleasure she would have. If she goes to banquets and dances, she does no offense therein certainly. She must have her pleasures in some place to make her glad and fine. Therefore, I dare well say and sustain that after with me I would have her led. If I had been to her sooner, we two should have all our youthfulness. After marriage custom and right, we would have passed in joy, solace, and gladness. And that is why I have made up my mind. It is necessary that at a need I cannot have quit. It is too late to be married is for to be complained of..Hym puts to a woman bends, he has only habitude towards her, who will to household comprehend, he shall have honor in his old days, some children unto the courtes haunt, some have markets and are merchants, selling and trading their merchandise, or else constituted in offices, their fathers and mothers have great solace, that they were never married by any way, I,\n\nThat I,\nFor I shall have gold and silver and great kinred, but,\nThat I take this sacrament upon me, I will,\n\nTheophrastus shows in his prose that in marriage all is out of tune, so does the romance of the rose,\nComposed by master Joha\u0304 de mehune,\nYet nevertheless it is all common,\nThat they never were in bond of marriage,\nWherefore at all adventures is their language,\nThe said holy sacrament has to assemble and accord human nature,\nImpresed in fleestrete by Wynker de warde,\nDwelling in the famous city of L,\nHis house in the same at the sign of the son,\nFinis. W..printer's device of William Caxton\n C\nWynkyn de Worde\nprinter's device of Wynkyn de Worde\nThe presupposy\nThis \nThe winte\nThe prime tyme beginneth this present yere\u25aa the .x. day of marche & the feruent sekenesses", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "It is ordered in the year 1503 that no purveyors nor acators shall take for the king by any commission or without corn, hay, beasts, carriages, or any other goods from any archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, abbesses, prioresses, vicars, or any other people of the holy church against their will.\n\nAnd it is ordered if any of the said purveyors or acators do so. Then they shall pay treble damages to be recovered in an action of Trespass by any of the aforementioned ones who have been wronged.\n\nIt is ordered that the said purveyors nor acators shall take any sheep of the people between Easter and Midsummer, nor till the time of clipping be done, than shall be necessary for the king's household, and so after, and if they do they shall be punished as robbers & felons..It is ordered according to the Statute made in the 26th year of King Edward the Third that pursuivants shall be appointed for the king and queen's households, and that ready payment shall be made in hand after the prices in the markets. And that the heinous names of the pursuivants should be changed and named acquitors.\n\nAnd if they cannot agree with the seller of any vitail: then the prices which shall be for the said two households shall be determined by view, witnessing and appraisement of the lords or their bailiffs and constables, and four probable men of every town, and that by indenture to be made between the said acquitors and the said lords or bailiffs or constables, or the said four men, containing the quantity of their prices and the price of the same.\n\nAnd that such prices shall be taken and made.\n\nAnd that no more be taken than shall be.\n\nAnd that the number of acquitors\n\nAnd that the same acquitors be chosen sufficient to answer to the king and to his people..And no one of them shall have a deputy.\nCommissions of them shall be sealed with the king's great seal, and every half year to be restored into the Chancery, and new commissions to be made. In the said commissions shall be contained the manner and matter of their taking and bringing.\nNo person shall be prevented from obeying the acarters of any other lords; nor the said acarters for the king and queen against their will. But if they make ready payment in hand: as before is said.\nIt is ordained that the prices and takings of all manner corn and grain be by striking and not by heap.\nAnd that for the carryages of the said corn and for all other manner prices and acqutings to be made for the two household, ready payment shall be made in hand.\nAnd that no more of carryage be had than shall be necessary in that behalf..And if any merchant makes any prices or takings in other manner than is comprised in their commission: he or they doing so shall be judged as felons and have judgment and execution accordingly.\n\nIt is ordered in the same parliament that no merchant of victuals nor taker of cargo: take nor receive of any manner person gift or charge nor harm any person because of such prices, cargos, or freights for hatred, envy, evil will, or procurement. If he or they do so and are indicted at the suit of the party, they shall yield to the party treble damages, and shall have imprisonment by the space of two years, and shall be reasoned at the king's will, and after shall abjure the king's court.\n\nAnd if the party will not sue: whoever will sue for the king shall have the third penny for his suit. And nevertheless, the said merchants and takers shall have the penalty above-mentioned in this present article..And every acquittee on his account shall make a clear declaration and separately show all manner of prices and purchases, of every town and person.\nKing Henry the VI, considering the premises that the said statutes aforementioned were enacted and commanded by his authority in the same year, has ordered and decreed that the said statutes shall be duly observed and kept, and put into execution. And further, by the same authority, every pursuivant and acquittee before they have any commission shall be sworn in the Chancery that they shall take nothing from the people contrary to the said ordinances..And because the authority above has ordained, poor people who are unable to: dare not make resistance against pursuers and extortioners; nor dare they sue them through the law, even if they act contrary to the said Statutes: That the apprehenders and also all the towns and towns joining, shall endeavor with all their power to resist and withstand the said extortioners and pursuers who do the contrary to the said Statutes. And as much as they can, they shall execute the said Statutes upon the said pursuers if required.\n\nAny person aggrieved by his goods contrary to the said statutes may choose to have an.If any person owes debt to the said sheriff or town or each of them, and any of them does not pay or make resistance against the said pursuers or buyers in the manner aforementioned, or else against the said pursuers or buyers, and each of them is to recover the treble value of his goods unlawfully taken. And over that his costs and damages trebled.\n\nAnd if any pursuer or other officer of our sovereign lord the King is troubled or vexed in merchandise or otherwise, where any of the people are falsely accused, feigned, imagined, or colored upon them for and because of the execution of the said statutes, and if the party injured beyond his costs and damages sustained is to pay twenty pounds: and that he may have an action of debt, and that every issue in that action shall be tried in the same county where the said prices were made..And that the defendants in that action and all the said cases be not admitted to wage their law, and they shall be put to answer without four-chancing and that essoyne/aid of the king nor protection to any of them be allowed. And that the Serjeant of the chamber shall satisfy all the damages/debts/& executions which shall be recovered against every pursuor/acquitor. Pursuor/or acquitor not sufficient to satisfy. And that the plaintiff shall have a writ of scire facias to have execution against the said Serjeant in that case. And that the said ordinances be sent to the Justices of the peace in every shire to proclaim them every year and to enforce the people of the same. Finis.\n\nPrinter's device of Richard Pynson (1492-1530): consisting of Pynson's monogram on a shield upheld by a boy and girl and surmounted by a helmet and surrounded by a border with the Virgin and a saint in the lower left- and right-hand corners, respectively..[Richard Pynson]\n[O BEATA M MEMOR]\n\nThis text consists of the depiction of Pynson's initials, \"RP,\" and the Latin phrase \"O BEATA M MEMOR,\" which translates to \"Oh Blessed Mother Memory\" in modern English. The text appears to be relatively clean and does not require extensive cleaning. Therefore, no caveats, comments, or added prefix/suffix are necessary.", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "In this scene from Four Sons of Aymon, after Mawgys returned to his hermitage, Reynawde was sorrowful for him and his wife. He comforted himself, however, with his brothers. A long time passed, and Reynawde lived at Mountawban with his children, who he educated and taught in good and virtuous manners. His two sons of Reynawde behaved just as well as if they had been at war. Reynawde dwelt long at Mountawban. For ten years.\n\nAs for Reynawde's brothers and their deeds, it would be too long to recount. Reynawde then lived at Mountawban with his children..And when Reynard saw that they did so well, he called them before him and before the knights and said to them: \"Fair children, blessed be our Lord / you are tall men and well-made of body / It is now time that you were made knights / therefore I will that you go serve King Charles, your sovereign lord, who will make you knights / for from more noble hands, you cannot be denied the noble order of knighthood. Sir Aymonet said: \"We are ready to fulfill your will in every thing you command. Father Yonnet said: \"You speak well to us / for it is time that we follow the wars / but since it is your pleasure to send us to Charles' court of King Charles, to be made knights there, we shall do so.\".When the steward heard his master's commandment without delay, he carried out all that was commanded him by Reynard, for he prepared many palfreys and coursers, well-bedecked and covered with rich cloth of gold, with bells of silver and purple rein covers for his master's steward. And when all things were ready, he brought them before his master. And when Reynard saw this, he was pleased and said, \"Good steward, I commend you for having procured this so well for my children.\" Reynard summoned five knights and made them ready to accompany his sons. And when they were all ready, Reynard called to his sons and said to them, \"My fair sons, you are well appointed, God be with you. And here is a fine band of noble men to keep you company. Therefore, you shall now go to the court of Charlemagne, our great king, who will make you great cheer and honor for my sake. My children, you are of high lineage and truly noble. Therefore, beware that you do not disgrace it.\"", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "Dr. Farmer has incorrectly conjectured about Tiraute the White. This is a fragment from the romance of \"Torrente of Portugal.\" The Doctor is likely correct in what he says concerning the elegy on Henry VII, which is a notable curiosity.\n\nFor I will say this:\nMany people from that country\nCome to me for help, both by night and day.\nThere is a giant of great renown,\nHe destroys both city and town,\nAnd all that he may.\nAs the books of Rome tell,\nHe was born with the devil of hell,\nAs his mother lay sleeping.\nThe king said by St. Adrian,\n\"I recommend another gentleman,\nBe there and have the degree,\nI have a daughter who is dear to me,\nYou shall wed her to your brother,\nAnd if it pleases you,\nTwo duchies in hand,\nI will give her in land.\nMercy, sir, said he,\nWith my tongue I have so worked,\nTo break my day will I not,\nIt behooves me there to be,\nOn God's name the king began to say,\nJesus bring a safe gain,\nLord, mighty one,\nMinstrelsy was among them, a monk,\nWith a harp filled and song..When it was time to bed, they went. And on the morrow rose Torrente. And they took leave of king and knight. And took a ready way. And the good squires after him, those who were to be knights, were in the midst. The king would not forget Torrente; he said, \"Fair thou wouldst be my dowg, Thou hast loved her many a day, by my truth sayst Torrente, And I were a rich man, Right gladly by my faith, If thou wouldst for her sake, Appoint arms and undertake this battle, Thou broke her up for me, sayest thou or I go, Sykernes, thou makest me so, Of thy daughter, hand, Thou and after all my rights, By seven score of hardy knights, All they were Torrente's friends. Now good lords, I pray you, Bear witness to this day, Against if God sends me, Torrente said, So may I thee, I know where my journey shall go, Thither I would make ready. The king gave him an answer. In the land of Calabria, There dwells a giant, Slogus he is named, As I have told thee, God send thee that way rightly. I do not find this Romance of Torrente mentioned anywhere..By the sea side as it lay,\nGod send him right guidance.\nHe has a high way named,\nInto Calabria he has come.\nWithin two days or three,\nHe met people coming towards him,\nRushing with cart and wagon,\nTurning the sea.\nThere, God said, \"Torentes, now,\nGood people, what ails you,\nThat you thus flee so fast?\nThere lies a giant here,\nIn this broad and wide land,\nNo man alive remains who can withstand him.\nThere, God said, \"Torentes,\nWherever those fiends dwell,\nThey answered him at once,\nIn a castle in the sea,\nSlugus they said, he is called,\nHe has slain many a man.\nWe know well where he dwells,\nBefore the city of Hungry.\nThus the lady dwelt there,\nUntil she gave birth to two sons,\nWho were as gentle as Sir Torent,\nFor his love they suffered woe.\nThe king said, \"So be it,\nThou shalt enter these,\nWithout further words,\nEvery king's daughter fetch and bring near,\nAt the ready they shall learn,\nAgainst right to do,\nGreat sorrow it was to see,\nWhen they led that lady free,\nOut of her father's land.\nThe queen, his mother, was near mad.\".For her daughter who gentle-fed,\nKnightes stood weeping,\nA silk cloth they took then by twain,\nAnd left it by the children two.\nTherein they were amazed,\nWhen they had shipped that gentle thing.\nSuddenly the seller swooned,\nAt person on the other side.\nWhen that lady fell down,\nShe cried out to Christ for help,\n\"Rightful God, you mercy send,\nSome good land to lend,\nThat my children may be christened be.\nShe said, 'Ladies, farewell and gentle,\nGreat well, my lord Sir Torrent,\nIf ever you him see,\nThe wind arose on the night,\nFrom the land it blew that lady bright,\nInto these woods so green and wild,\nWinds and weathers have driven\nThat in a forest she is driven,\nWhere wild beasts were,\nThese were gone and left her and her children two.\nHer one child began to weep,\nThe lady awoke out of her sleep,\nAnd said, 'Be still, my dear,\nIhesu Crist has sent us land,\nIf there be any Christian man at hand,\nWe shall have succor here.\nThe careful lady then was glad,\nTo the land she went full swift,\nAs fast as she might..Until the day began to sprout,\nFowls on trees merely singing,\nDelicious notes in the height,\nTo a hill went that lady fair,\nwhere she was aware of act,\nwith tours fair and bright.\nShe set her down as I have heard say,\nHer children to play,\nThen said, \"and you find haws of great value,\nBring me one with the,\nTorent said so God save me,\nif it be that I have any,\nAt your will shall they be,\nTo his squire he bade him there,\nAfter his armor to fare,\nIn the field he abode,\nThey armed him in his weed,\nHe mounted a noble steed,\nTorent took the way again,\nUnto the forest of Maudelayne,\nIn a winding way,\nBeres and apes there found he,\nand wild beasts in great plenty,\nand lions where they lay,\nIn a wood that is tight,\nIt drew towards the night,\nBy dimming of the day,\nListen, lords, came they woeful,\nHe and his squire departed in two,\nCautious men then were they,\nAt a shedding of a Rome,\nEither departed other from,\nas I understand.\nTorent takes a doleful way,\nDown into a deep valley,\nTorent I know not what became of him..For better love I none afterward on a tide,\nas they walked by the riverside,\nthe king and young Torrent;\nthis lord would fain that he were dead,\nand he knew not on what manner\nHow he might send him.\nA false letter made the king,\nand made a messenger bring it,\nBy the river side as they went,\nTo Torrent, that was true as steel.\nIf he loved dissonell well,\nGet her a falcon gentle,\nTorrent began to read the letter,\nthe king came near and listened,\nas though he had never seen it before,\nthe king said, What may this be?\nLord, it is sent to me,\nFor a falcon sheen,\nI know not in what land they breed,\nthe king said, as I have heard say,\nIn the forest of Maudelayne,\nOf this most Christian king in us it lies not,\nHis time passed, honor sufficient to praise,\nBut yet though that thing valuable we may not,\nOur prayers of surely he shall have always,\nAnd though atropos has ended his days,\nHis name and fame shall ever be dread,\nAs far as Phoebus spreads his golden rays,\nThough Henry the seventh, alas, alas, lies dead..But now what remedy is uncoverable,\nTouched by the hands of God most just.\nBut yet again, a cause most comforting,\nIn him we have, in whom we must rejoice,\nHis son to live in beauty, force, and lust,\nIn honor likely, Traianus to shed.\nTherefore, in him, we put our hope and trust,\nSince Henry his father, alas, lies dead.\n\nAnd now, for conclusion about his hearse,\nLet this be carved for endless memory,\nWith sorrowful tunes of Thespian verse,\nHere lies the potent and mighty Henry,\nHector in battle, Ulysses in policy,\nSolomon in wisdom, the noble rose red,\nCeres in riches, Iulus in glory,\nHenry the seventh, ingrained here lies dead.\nThe Author of this Elegy? Perhaps Skelton.\n\nThis half sheet, Folio on one side, 4to on the other,\nMust have been a proof at the press.", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "FIrst it is grau\u0304ted to euery broder & syster of the saide hospital that they shalbe {per}table of al the Masses / sacrifices / prayers / fasti\u0304ges / almes dedes / and of al other suffrages / and gods dedes done in the sayde hospytall.\n\u00b6 Also that euery broder & sister: may chose them a gostely fader / seculer or reguler: whiche may gyue them full remyssion of al ther syn\u2223nes: if they be contryte / & confessed of them / ones in theyr lyfe / & ones in the article of dethe: so that they make restitucyon / by themselfe / or so\u0304me other in suche cases / & to suche {per}sones: as restitucion ought to be made.\n\u00b6 Also that euery broder & syster / may a\n\u00b6 Also the sayde confessour / may cht vowe to Rome / Ierusalem / to the sayde saynt Iames in compostell / the vowe of chastite / and religyon.\n\u00b6 Also it is graunted to al women that foure tyme\u0304s in euery yere durynge theyre lyfe they may resorte with o\n\u00b6 Also the s.Every brother and sister of the same fraternity deeply regret and confessed visiting any feast of our lady or St. James from the beginning of the first election to the end of the last election, in any church dedicated in the honor of our lady or St. James, or any other church where it may be, for thirty years and thirty lents of Indulgence and pardon of penance granted.\n\nEvery brother and sister of the aforementioned fraternity saying five Hail Marys and five Our Fathers devoutly on their knees in their former church or any other church where it may happen to them, shall obtain and have as great pardon, indulgence, and remission of sins as those who visit all the churches and stations at Rome, as well as if they personally visited the stations of Rome, both within the city of Rome as well as outside, that is, in the following days and first the movable feasts of the year..The Sundays in Septuagesima, Sexagesima, and Quinquagesima, as well as the first day of Lent and all the following days up to Low Sunday, are stations. These feast days, which are also stations, come with many and great indulgences and full remissions, which no one can exhaust. This includes the Three Rogation Days, the Ascension Day, Whitsunday, and all the vigils of Whitsunday, as well as Corpus Christi with its full remission. Furthermore, every Saturday in Lent and every day of Our Lady throughout the year grants a full remission.\n\nJanuary:\nThe Circumcision of the Lord, Epiphany with all its vigils, and St. Stephen's day are stations. St. Agnes' day and the Feast of St. Lawrence are also stations.\n\nFebruary:\nThe Purification of the Blessed Virgin and the feast of St. Peter's Chair is a station, as is St. Matthew's day, the apostle..May 3rd to August 1st in the church of St. John the Baptist: remission of all sins.\n\nApril: St. Mark's day is a station, and the day of St. Peter the Martyr is full remission.\n\nMay: The feast of St. Philip and James, every Sunday in May, the 3rd and 7th are stations and full remissions. Also, up to St. John's day, the Latin portion is full remission. In the revelation of St. John the third part of all sins is remitted.\n\nJune: The Nativity of St. John the Baptist with all the utas, full remission. Also, the day of St. Peter and the following day, in which the commemoration of St. Paul is hallowed by full remission and a thousand years of pardon.\n\nJuly: The Visitation of our Lady with all the utas, full remission. Also, St. Mary Magdalene's day, full remission and pardon of the fourth part of all sins. St. James' day, full remission..August: The first day is Saint Dominic's day, the second day is also Saint Dominic's day, the fourth day is Saint Dominic's day, and Saint Laurence's day with all his saints' full remission. The Assumption of our Lady with all the saints following full remission, and from the day of the Assumption of our Lady until the day of her Nativity are every day twelve years of pardon and remission of the third part of all sins. Also, Saint Bartholomew's day and all his saints' full remission. On Saint Augustine's day and the day of the decollation of Saint John the Baptist, there is full remission.\n\nSeptember: The Nativity of our Lady is full remission. Also, on Holy Rosary's day with all the saints following, there is full remission. The three embryage days of September are stations and full remissions. Also, Saint Matthew's day and Saint Jerome's day, there is full remission.\n\nOctober: Saint Francis of Assisi's day with all his saints' full remission. Also, on Saint Luke's day, there is full remission. And on Saint Simon and Jude's day, it is a station..November. The day of All Hallows, or All Saints' Day, is a day of full remission and pardon, as well as the ninth, eighteenth, and twentieth days of November, and the last day, which is St. Andrew's Day, is also a day of full remission.\n\nDecember. The four Sundays of Advent, as well as the three \"Ember\" days of December, which are all stationary days, mark the beginning of our Lady, and the eighteenth day of the same month, known as the Lady Day of the Oak, and St. Thomas the Apostle's day, are all stations and days of full remission. Christmas Eve is a station. Christmas Day, the Mass at midnight, the morning Mass, and the high Mass are all stations and days of full remission. St. Stephen's day, along with St. John the Evangelist, and the Feast of Innocents, which are all stations and days of full remission..Every day in the year: First, the church of St. John Lateran: granted every year for 14 years and 14 jubilees, and pardon and remission of the third part of all sins. Also, Pope Sylvester and Gregory granted and gave this to those who devoutly visit it. Indulgences which no one may number but God. Boniface testifies: which says, \"If men knew the indulgence of St. John Lateran's church, it would not be necessary to go to the Holy Sepulchre or to St. James.\"\n\nAlso, the church of St. Peter: granted every year for 48 years and 48 jubilees, and pardon and remission of the third part of all sins. From the feast of the Annunciation of our Lady to the first day of August, besides the aforementioned daily jubilees, there are every day 12 years and as many jubilees, and remission of the third part of all sins..In the church of St. Paul, which is every day in the year 48. years 48. Lenten seasons for pardon and remission of the third part of all sins. And every Sunday, whoever visits that same church, receives as great pardon as if he had gone to the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem or to St. James in Galilee.\n\nIn the great church of Our Lady, which is every day in the year 48. years 48. Lenten seasons for pardon and remission of the third part of all sins.\n\nIn the church of St. Lawrence outside the walls, where every day in the year 48. years 48. Lenten seasons for pardon and remission of the third part of all sins. Also, whoever visits that same church every Wednesday in one year delivers a soul from purgatory..In the church of St. Fabyan and St. Sebastyan: there are every day 48 years 48 Lenten periods of pardon and remission of the third part of all sins. Similarly, in the same church, in certain places, there is as much pardon and indulgence as in the churches of St. Peter and Paul, because their bodies were long hidden there before they were found. There are also many other innumerable pardons and indulgences in the same church which cannot be enumerated: due to the innumerable bodies of saints that rest there.\n\nIn the church of the Holy Cross: there are every day 48 years 48 Lenten periods of pardon and remission of the third part of all sins. Additionally, besides the daily pardons, every Sunday there are 300 years 300 Lenten periods of indulgence and remission of the third part of all sins..In the Church of Saint Praxede, every year there are 12 M. years and 12 M. Lenten seasons, as well as remission of the third part of all sins. In the same church is a chapel called Libera nos a penis inferni, where Pope Paschal said five masses for a soul, which was delivered. The pope granted that whoever says five masses would deliver a soul from purgatory.\n\nIn the Church called Saint Peter's Prison, there are every day CC years of indulgence with remission of the third part of all sins. These are doubled every festive day in the year..In the churches of our Lady of Peace and our Lady of Populo: in all and every feast of our Lady and every Saturday in Lent: for each of them, full remission. Besides these principal churches, there are various stations within the said city, and also outside, where there are great and numerous indulgences and remissions granted. Which the said brothers and sisters shall obtain, just as if they were present in the City of Rome.", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "These gates are surprisingly well that we may not come here in. Speak, Climbe, of the cloud. With a wile we will bring it. Let us say we are messengers Straight come from our king. Adam said, I have a letter written well. Now let us wisely work. We will say we have the king's seal. I hold the porter no clerk. Then Adam Bell beat on the gate With strokes great and strong. The porter heard such noise thereat And to the gate he fa. Who is there now sayd the porter That maketh all this knocking? We are two messengers said Climbe of the clo. Come straight from our king. We have a letter said Adam Bell. To the Justice we must it bring. Let us in our message to do That we were again to our king. Here comes no man in, said the porter. By him that died on a tree Till a false thief be hanged. Called William of Cloudy. The market place of Merry Carillon. They beset in that sound. And as they looked them beside, A pair of new gallows there they see. And the justice with a quest of swearers..That had judged cloudysle there hung and cloudysle himself lay ready in a cart. A strong rope about his neck, all ready for to be hanged. The justice called to him a sad face. Cloudysle's clothes should he have? And thereafter to make his grave. I have seen as great a marvel said cloudy, as between this and prime. He then saw his two brothers stand at a corner of the market place with their good bows bent in their hands. Ready, the justice for to chase. I see good comfort, said cloudysle. Yet hope I well to fare. If I might have my hands at win. For their strings were of sy. That they kept the streets on every side. That battle did long endure. They fought together as brethren true. Like hardy men and bold. Many a man to the ground they threw. And made many an heart cold..But when their arrows were all gone,\nMen pressed on them fiercely.\nThey drew their swords then at once,\nAnd cast off their bows.\nThey went lightly on their way,\nWith swords and bucklers round.\nIt was the midst of the day,\nThey had made many a wound.\nThere were many an outcry in Carlisle,\nAnd the women's backs did ring.\nMany a woman said, \"Alas!\"\nAnd many they clasped their hands.\nThe mayor of Carlisle came forth,\nAnd with him a great retinue.\nThese three men feared him greatly,\nFor their lives were in doubt.\nThe mayor came armed at a great pace,\nWith a pollaxe in his hand.\nMany a strong man was with him,\nThere in that throng to stand.\nThe mayor struck at Cloud's Hill with his bill,\nHis buckler he split in two.\nFull many a yeoman with great ill,\nFor so it was.\nUntil they had gotten all three\nWho fought so manfully,\nWere taken without at a bridge.\n\"Here are your keys,\" said Adam Bell,\nMy officer,\nIf you do by my counsel,\nA new porter you make.\nHe threw the keys there at their heads,\nAnd bade them evil to endure..And all that hinders a good yeoman\nFrom coming to comfort his wife,\nThus,\nAs light as they laugh,\nTheir enemies were far behind,\nWhen they came to Ingoldsby Wood,\nUnder their trusty tree,\nThere they found bows full good,\nAnd arrows great plenty,\nSo help me God said Adam Bell,\nAnd came from the clough so free,\nI would we were now in merry carousel,\nAnd eat an apple.\n\nHere is a fitte,\nAnd another I shall you tell,\nAs they sat in Ingoldsby Wood,\nUnder their trusty tree,\nThey thought they heard a woman,\nBut they could not see,\nSighing sore was fair Alice,\nAnd no,\nWith either of them two,\nMy heart was out of pain.\n\nCloudsley walked a little beside,\nAnd looked under the green wood,\nHe was aware of his wife and,\nFull woe in heart and mind,\nWelcome wife said,\nTo this trusty tree,\nI had thought yesterday,\nThou shouldst not have me,\nNow well is meshed,\nMy heart is out of,\nDame, he said to me,\nAnd thank my,\nHe, I, the,", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "Here begins a little treatise that speaks of the fifteen tokens which shall be shown before the dreadful day of Judgment. And he who our Lord shall ask reckoning from every body of his words, works, and thoughts. And our Lord will show us other fifteen tokens of his passion to those who have died in deadly sin.\n\nDepiction of two male figures and one female figure standing apart from each other, and two other male figures emerging from the ground.\nDepiction of a male figure or monk seated in a scriptorium.\n\nIn this beginning, I will write of the fifteen tokens that shall be shown before the dreadful day of the Lord Jesus Christ. And there we shall show ourselves, young and old and all.\n\nOur Lord wills that there shall be shown, four tokens according to doctors' sayings. For our Lord is so merciful that He will not punish us but will show us some tokens, and that we may be sorry for our sins and do penance. And after these aforementioned four tokens shall yet be fifteen..The first token of the four is that the power of Satan, through the Passion of our Lord, was lessened and bound. It is bound to be weaker and may not cause as much harm as it was accustomed to. However, the devil is bound at certain times and will be bound so that it may do more harm to people through temptation and tribulation, as a test for those who are chosen.\n\nBut in the last times of the world, good will be very good and evil very bad, as the holy writers have shown in the last chapter of Apocalypse.\n\nThe second token of the four is:\n\nTime is near that harms the harmdoer and the one in filth will be made clean. And the just will be justified. And the saved will be sanctified. And the saved will be sanctified..\"shall be as love shall be lost and not more be used. Likewise, as the messiah wore old and the nature grew cold in them. Which the philosopher called it the little world. Likewise, it is of the great world. Whoever comes more to the end, who more the love grew cold in herself. But the heat of a body is spiritually of living there greater. And shall all fail for it goes sore to the end of the world. As Apostle to the Hebrews. He who is ancient and does not know himself is near to departure. And a man may now know who it is served without devotion. And how he is blasphemed. And by them swearing and also pulling him all apart in pieces. And you may well know that the love is almost all done and has grown cold and dried away. But some are naked and pray sincerely but they find no help. & they that are hungry die for hunger & have none succor. The gate of mercy is shut the fountain of the compassionate has shut her conducts. And through failed among his friends\".and she shall not be found favored before God judges those who have practiced charity and peace in this world.\nThe third one will be like all manner of evil and sins that are in this world, and the fear of God will be put aside, and he will have no thoughts of Him. And whoever is faithful and peaceful shall not be used but by all means of evil. And when you must love with a secret love and care for none but for her own profit. And also we shall be before your eyes proud and she shall make much of herself and shall blaspheme the name of our Lord, and they shall not care for their father or mother, and then they shall love fleshly nature more than God. As the apostle says in the Second Epistle to Timothy:\nTherefore, let every person remember in himself what kind of people now live in this world and look well if these aforementioned things are not shown and done and set aside by none..For it is not well possible that only one body might write the great signs that nowadays be done, pray to God that He will turn His people, that you may do penance before their death. That for the token that shall come before the end of the world, and for the fifteen tokens and a great ordeal before the day of doom, and this shall bring great perversion and war, and there shall be war in many diverse lands of the world and also among all creatures living in this world. For as Mathematics said in Chapter 12, fighting and wars shall be among us and also one body shall rise against them and also one king against another and also Troy shall be a great town, all have they made. Lands and lands shall be outside the world and laid down. And also there shall be no cloister of monks or nuns, it shall be full of perverts or contrary one to another. And then it shall be as Ieremiah wrote in his x. (Note: This text appears to be written in Middle English, which was used in England from approximately the 11th to the 15th centuries. To clean the text, I have made some assumptions about the intended meaning based on the context and the use of certain words, such as \"Mathematics\" likely referring to the biblical book of Matthew and \"Chapter 12\" likely referring to a specific chapter in that book. I have also assumed that \"Ieremias\" is a misspelling of \"Jeremiah\" and that \"x\" likely refers to chapter 10 in the book of Jeremiah. I have corrected some obvious errors, such as \"noweadayes\" to \"nowadays\" and \"none closter\" to \"no cloister,\" but have left some unclear or ambiguous passages as they appear in the original text.)\n\nCleaned Text: For it is not well possible that only one body might write the great signs that nowadays be done, pray to God that He will turn His people, that you may do penance before their death. That for the token that shall come before the end of the world, and for the fifteen tokens and a great ordeal before the day of doom, and this shall bring great perversion and war, and there shall be war in many diverse lands of the world and also among all creatures living in this world. For as Mathematics said in Chapter 12 of his book, fighting and wars shall be among us and also one body shall rise against them and also one king against another and also Troy shall be a great town, all have they made. Lands and lands shall be outside the world and laid down. And also there shall be no cloister of monks or nuns, it shall be full of perverts or contrary one to another. And then it shall be as Jeremiah wrote in his Tenth Chapter..Chapter V Every man should keep watch over his neighbor or trust not his brother, for one will show a fair face but his heart is full of falsehood. One brother will mock the other and she will lay traps and schemes for him if he can. And this is fulfilled, as Messiah the prophet said. Keep watch over your own wife, who lies in your arms, for she will beguile her own husband, and the child will beguile the father, and the father the child, and the daughter the mother, and the mother the daughter. One brother will deliver the other to death, the father the son, and the children the father. And when all these things and wickedness have been accomplished throughout the world, it will be a sign of the last term or end of this world. Other perversions will be in the firmament. But generally it will be a dark time, not only in one province or kingdom but throughout the entire world..But it shall be that the earth shall bear no fruit for our benefit or need to live without it. And it shall also be great earth bevying against nature that there shall fall down castles & houses. And also in the sea & rivers shall be more perverse than it has been before. And the air shall be full of corruption and venom thereof shall come great pestilence, as well in the beasts as in the meat thereof they shall die. & also doing lightning tempestes and winds shall be more perilous than they have been. & the people shall be sore afflicted. And likewise, as St. Jerome has found xv. principal tokens they shall be a sign for the dry, full day of the doom of our lord Ihu xp.\nBut we do not know if these xv. tokens shall be shown one after another. Or if any other token shall be shown between them. St. Jerome put it in the will of our lord. But our lord may do it with his will, but he is almighty.\n\u00b6 Here follow the .xv.The principal tokens to be shown before the great ordeal of the judgment of our Lord Ihu:\n\nThe first to speak will go before the people's judgment. The sea shall arise. It shall be eleven cubits above all hills in the world. And it shall stand still in a token of a miracle without sinking or moving, and remain in one place instead of another, for the words of the psalm should be true. Like he said, \"The marvelous rising of the sea\": Marvelous is the sea in its uprising. And this God will allow, for it will punish those who have been proud, as the wise man said in his proverb. In the fourteenth chapter, he said, \"Pride goes before destruction, a puffed up heart comes before a fall.\" The heart of pride is like the raging sea, which has no rest and desires nothing but discord and war. This comes from pride, as Solomon said in his proverb, \"Among the proud, contention is ever present.\".The proud will be in the highest place, and of little thing that which he has done, he will be worshipped and honored. And he is never full of worship and ever wants more. God shall do this to humble the proud, and they shall recognize their sins and repent. For our Lord is so full of mercy that He wills not that any soul be lost, but He gives us knowledge and signs of tribulation and other poverty that we should know and do penance. Like the apostle said, \"No man is dismissed unless restitution is made for what is taken.\" That is to say, sins are not remitted or forgiven, but satisfaction is made for them. A second sign that will precede judgment is that the sea will flow back into the earth, as if the sun had dried up..Like the prophet Numbers says in his first chapter. Increasingly and decreasingly, that is, the maker of all the world will see it brought low into the depths of the earth. To wit, if it had been clothed in a great sign of impossibility or incomprehensibility. And it showed that the proud and lecherous people, full of carnal lust and who have followed reason, and have labored to get great riches and buildings such as houses and other castles, and have not built in heaven by our Lord Jesus, nor have they built spiritually for their soul's health. And like them have put down their power and have not sustained themselves with their good as God has sent you in this world. But on the day that you see them hidden into the earth, like it is said before. And that will be done for such people as it is spoken of before. & they shall be ashamed of their sins and shall be damned for such sins. Like Saint Luke shows in his fourteenth chapter. Quis exaltat in humiliabitur..And in his proverb XXIX. Superbum sequitur humilitas.\nThat the third sign shall be. That all beasts and fish shall show. And in the sea they shall come together and make a great complaint, crying mercilessly, it shall be heard in heaven, and God shall understand this alone. Of this said Job in his XII. chapter: \"Speak to the earth and she shall tell you, And the fishes of the sea shall declare to you the wickedness of the people.\" That is to say, \"Speak to the earth and she will tell you all the wickedness of men, And the fish of the sea shall speak to you of the wickedness of the people.\" God will allow this as a sign to the people though they have lived in the water of joy and lust of the flesh. And those who have been merry in dancing, piping, and singing more than your commandments of our blessed Lord Jesus Christ, and their mirth shall be changed into great heaviness. Like us, Lucas declares in his VI. chapter, \"Weep, you who laugh, for you shall mourn.\".Sorrow shall they have who have not paid for their sins. For you shall weep in bitter tears on the day of judgment. And those who have done penance in this world will fare better. As our Lord said, \"Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted\" (Matthew 5:4). And the fish and beasts of the sea shall weep and lament over men for their great sins. For which sins they shall suffer great pain in the sea.\n\nSign of the sea on fire\nThat will be the sign that the sea and all other waters and rivers shall burn with the fire that comes from heaven. And it shall punish those who have lived lecherously in this world according to their lusts of the flesh and have lived against the commandment of our Lord Jesus. And such people shall burn in the fire made of brimstone. Like it is written in Revelation in his XXI. chapter, \"And there shall be a part of them in the fire and in the sulfur.\" (Revelation 21:8).And also for their pleasure, those who have indulged in their lecherousness shall have additional pain in eternal fire, as you find in Revelation in the eighteenth chapter. They have given themselves pleasure and lived after their own fleshly lusts, keeping other men's wives. Therefore, this token shall be shown: that the sea and all rivers shall burn, as you may see depicted &c.\n\nThe fifth token shall be: all herbs, trees, forests, and bushes shall produce sweet drops like blood. As Sybilla wrote, and Ishael in his second chapter speaks, in the person of God: \"In those days I will give signs in the heavens and on the earth, blood and smoke.\".In that same day, all births shall come together, crying and wailing. They shall not be willing to eat or drink in any manner. The sweet and bitter that the trees and herbs shall produce, God will allow to punish the slayers and murderers, even if they have never been guilty. Like Seneca said in his fourth chapter, speaking in the person of God to Cain, the blood of your brother Abel cried to me from the earth to heaven. And the weeping and crying of these birds shall not be willing to eat or drink. This shall be done in pain and as a sign of their tormentors. Though they are forever drunk in this world and live in much eating and drinking, they shall be punished in hell with hunger, according to Salustius. Mors depassed them. And so they shall be punished with various torments..All towns. Castles, towers, houses, and other buildings shall fall down. Like Saint Luke and Matthew said in the twenty-fourth chapter. No stone will be left upon another. That is to say, not one stone will remain next to the other. And God will allow this, for they labored to build great castles and fair houses for their pleasure, rather than to found a foundation or to build in the worship of our Lord. To find a house in heaven, as Saint John said in his twenty-fourth chapter, \"In my father's house there are many mansions.\" That is, your souls shall have what you deserve; one shall have more than another. Therefore, there are many mansions there, said Isaiah. \"We who join house to house and field to field, we have made many houses with foundations and have increased our land.\".And one acre by that other which you have taken from the power folk knowing by force or strong hand: And those who have no might against you. O ye rich, look on your worldly houses which you have built with great labor. And will not once say to your own self, O good lord, had I made one house in heaven for my soul, held with such great labor as I have done on earth. I would have done wisely for my soul &c.\n\nDepiction of stones:\nThat which seven took shall be it; one stone shall strike that other and shall fight with each other and they shall spring apart. And so, fighting, they shall give and make a great noise of crying. And that shall not be understood by any man but God alone. Like it was done as our lord was Crucified. As Matthew said in his twenty-seventh chapter. Peter split the rock. And it shall be done to frighten those who are harder than stones. For they have no fear of our lord. Nor can they be made tender by the preaching of the pain of hell, nor of his judgment, nor of his passion..But they stones have not shared in our Lord's passion in manner of speaking. But the sinner is so hard that they will not shrink nor do penance for their sins. But let us pray to our Lord Ihu that He will make our hearts tender, that we may be sorry for our sins.\n\nThe following shall be a sign: there shall be a general shaking and contradiction of the earth throughout the world. So perilous that neither man nor wife nor beast shall be able to stand upright. It speaks in Apocalypse xvi, chapter. And great earthquakes shall occur before our Lord comes to judgment, as it has been since the world was made. This shall be done to terrify those who are yet in the earth. It shall be a sign that the earth will no longer bear the sinners, but will leave them..Our lord shall do justice upon them, and they shall give their malefactors a judgment in the pits of hell with Lucifer. And you, people and sinners, shall seek places and holes for them to hide in. And there will be shown the great unmercifulness of our lord towards the sinners, for those who would not leave their sins, despite the tokens they might see here before.\n\nThat is the ninth token: all hills and valleys shall be made plain. And this shall be as Isaiah says in his forty-first chapter: \"O valleys, be dry, and hills, be made plain.\" And all mountains and hills shall be made low. It is to say that all hills shall be leveled. And God shall show fear to all princes, though they make much of themselves and have exalted their power. For all kings, lords, and princes are like the poor. They are all made of one substance and have all had one father. And God shall give wages to such kings and lords according to their deserts.\n\nLike Matthew says in his sixteenth chapter..Chapter Fifteen: He who redeems one shall judge both his master and servant without exception, as the Psalms say, \"I will receive thee with open arms, I will judge thy good and bad works, one as well as the other, regardless of your state or condition.\n\nDescription of two male figures and one female figure standing apart from each other, and two other male figures emerging from the ground.\n\nThat X shall come forth. They, whom you had hidden in the earth, shall emerge again from their holes, like madmen. And they shall be so enraged that one shall not be able to speak to the other. And this shall God show in one sign that when God gives judgment over the good and bad:\n\nNo man shall be excused. Whose judgment is shown with many signs if they would not turn from their sins and do penance:\n\nAnd God shall also show this sign to the people who live on in the earth..That Maria, our Lord's advocate to all sinners, will not come to help any man or saint in the hour of judgment, but only by their good deeds. That is to be. All graves and tombs shall stand open from the rising of the sun and going down again. And all the bones of the bodies, which have died from the beginning of the world to that same day, shall arise by and by. Like Ezekiel said in his thirty-fourth chapter, \"I will open your tombs.\" This same token God will show to one token to all those who have been hidden secretly, like sins that have not been confessed or shriven. And those who have done secret sins and have not confessed them nor done penance, and all they shall be damned. Like Evangelista said, \"Nothing hidden will be revealed nor the secret thing known.\".None thing is secretly kept that our Lord shall not have knowledge of on the day of Judgment. And no thing unknown shall be known only in the communion of every man in those days. And the following are the signs: fourteen stars shall fall from heaven. For all planets that go about with the courses of the elements, and those that stand still are called planets or wandering stars in Latin. They shall fall and cast out great comets with long tails, like a burning sphere, which will be terribly fearful to see. And all beasts will come together and make a great noise without food or drink, like Matthew wrote of the stars in his twenty-fourth chapter.\n\nStars shall fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens shall be disturbed. From this you may understand that people will see no more, as if they had been cast out of heaven, as you may understand from St. Ambrosius, Jerome, and Bede..As the sun and moon and all other brightnesses of heaven will change their brightness into darkness, losing their brightness. To understand this, the prophet Joel in his third chapter says: \"The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the Lord comes.\" That is, before our Lord Ihu comes to judgment, the sun will lose its brightness, and the moon will turn to blood, as shown in Apocalypse. \"The sun was turned into blackness, and the moon into blood, and the stars fell from heaven.\" That is, in those days there will be a most wondrous sign: the sun will be like a sack cast with ashes, and the moon will be red like blood. And this is to be understood as all creatures of heaven weeping for the end of the world. Therefore, they were made to give brightness as a sign of sorrow..Like when the master is dead, the servant puts on black clothes as a sign of mourning. And not that the stars shall fall down to the earth. But they shall remain above in the air and make a great noise of lightning, and they shall not be wasted. But they shall remain in that lowest part of the air, and people shall think that they have fallen to the earth. And truly, as men say, heaven and its works shall be perverted and tremble on the Day of Judgment. Not that they fear damnation. But they tremble for the reverence they shall do..But when they shall see the great might of our Lord coming to judgment with all his empire and might, and looking fiercely against those who are damned. And you may also understand the corruption of angels and spirits that led them to fulfill the will of our Lord. And this shall God allow, that the stars shall fall. For this reason, they who have fallen from their faith will be seen. And for those who have not adhered to our faith and those who have kept it in the background.\n\nThe fourteen signs will be: that all men, whether men or children who are alive on the earth, shall die without remedy. And this shall be done so that they shall arise again on the day of judgment with those who have died from the beginning of the world to the aforementioned day. And certainly, this will be a pitiful work, for all people, whether they are alive..Going sitting standing lying or drinking. shall be hurt so suddenly with the lance of death. O ye wretched people, you think that you shall live forever, but think that you shall die. And you know not day nor hour, And also you do not think on your sins. O ye men and women, what shall you do when you have no time to amend your sins?\nThe fourteen signs will be: heaven and earth and all elements shall burn, and specifically all things that are other. And the bodies of men and women shall be burned into ashes. Like Genesis said in his third chapter. \"Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.\" And of the same resolution of heaven and earth the said Mother [Mary] in her fourteenth chapter, \"Heaven and earth shall pass away.\" And of this same fire spoke the Psalmist, \"A fire shall go before him; a fire shall precede him.\" That fire shall be very great by the might of our Lord..Not all that kindle themselves, but all fires on earth will come together to gather and burn all the world. And doctors say that this fire will have three kinds of power. Like the power of the fire of the earth, to consume and burn all things, such as trees, herbs, and in general, all things that are in the earth. For this same fire will turn into ashes. Like the bodies of men and women. And it will have the power of the fire of the elements and will purify the air and elements. And this same fire will go about the whole world and make clean all the elements of the infection of the people. And this same fire will also rise up as high as the infection is gone from the sinful people, to purge all that same. As our Lord said, heaven and earth shall be burned and purged, not that the substance was corruptible or destructible. And that same fire will go above the hills fifteen cubits..Like the diluvian did to purge the uppermost part of the air. That which the sinful people had been smitten with their great sins. And in this manner shall the heavens be purged. But the things of heaven shall not be wasted in any manner. Like the prophet said, \"Ipse qui aut peribunt tu aut permanes.\" That is to say, that the heavens shall forget, after some dispositions and change, like it now is. And it shall not be necessary to say after its corruptible substance. And then it shall not be necessary.\n\nThe fifteenth sign shall be that heaven and earth shall be changed and made new. Like it is said elsewhere. And all people shall arise to the Judgment. Like Saint Thomas said, that the elements shall be made new. And the earth shall be bright. And that water like the crystal. And the air like heaven. And that fire like the brightness of heaven. And I shall see nothing in the air above..But it shall stand still and remain unchanged. And certainly this fire shall burn all bodies of the people, whether they be dead or alive, good or bad. But it will give pain only to the wicked and none to the good. But it finds nothing there to purge. No more than it did to the three children who were put in the furnace. As Daniel said in his third chapter.\n\nAnd certainly all this is not other than what God wills it to be. And no man knows it but God alone, as was said before. And if they shall be shown one after another. And if there are more than one up on one day. But this is uncertain and unknown. And therefore it is possible that the purging fire shall come up at the same hour as the people shall be slain. And then they shall be burned to ashes and dust.\n\nAnd therefore men should not say for certain that these said tokens shall be upon them for fifteen days one after another.\n\nLike Jerome has found in the Hebrew Chronicle..For himself is there uncertainty. But the majority of the aforementioned tokens may you well believe, as they have been approved with the holy gospels. That the world shall burn and purge the elements. And also that the holy bodies shall arise. And that same fire shall go before the dreadful day of Judgment and shall take all corruption with them and shall go with great heat to hell. And there, with them, to punish the wicked. And all those who are in this same fire and are of good works shall abide above in everlasting glory. And this is known that this same fire shall go before that dreadful day of Judgment.\n\nHere ends the fifteen tokens\n\nDepiction of two male figures throwing a third figure into a pit or well, while a male figure with crown and scepter points.\n\nAnd here follows who our Lord shall be known to all Christ's people by the symbol of the faith. That is the Creed. Like the simple people say. Which every body ought to know..And our Lord shall come on that day to judge the living and the dead, and the good and the evil. In that judgment, He will give to every person according to what they have deserved. This will be done as it has been said before. But our Lord will come with great might in the time of judgment, which time will be no mercy. After the vision of John in Revelation in his tenth chapter, an angel came out of heaven. He put his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the earth, and made an oath by the living God, who is in heaven. That at that time there should be no more delay. The time of mercy would be past, but the time of judgment and justice would begin. And he spoke to them seven thunders, and by this we shall understand that seven things will fall upon those who are condemned. But those who are saved shall have seven consolations on that day of judgment..But after the purging of the fire in earth, shall the Lord be ready to come to Judgment. And His angels shall blow trumpets, making a great noise. And they shall gather together all the friends of our Lord. The which that have been turned into ashes in all four corners of the world. Like Matthew said in his twenty-fourth chapter. \"For the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised.\" And this same blowing shall be heard by the good and the bad, and they shall arise on that same day. As the apostle said to the Corinthians, \"We shall indeed be raised.\" And the trumpets shall give a most wondrous noise. Whereof Saint Jerome said, \"Whether I sleep or wake, I hear the last trumpet of that dreadful Judgment.\" Like one doctor said in the book of Wisdom..The noise of these trumpets shall give a flying sound, which shall command the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. By this commandment, all dead bodies shall arise. As Christ said, this is a wonderful sound of trumpets that makes the elements subject and also parts the stones. It opens the gates of hell and breaks the gates of Aren and the iron gate of hell. It breaks the beds of the dead and shall give every body his soul again and shall pull them out of the depths. And everyone shall then have his soul open. And this same sound shall not be heard alone in heaven but also on earth. And Adam shall come first with all his progeny, who have served our Lord Abraham, shall come with all holy patriarchs Isaiah as with all holy prophets. David with all good kings, Saint Peter with all apostles, evangelists and disciples. Saint Stephen and Saint Lawrence with all those who have shed their blood for the love of Christ..Saint Nicholas and Martin, with all his confessors, Saint Catherine with all holy virgins, Saint Elizabeth with all holy and wise women, widows, Saint Anne with all women who have not broken their wedlock, and the queen of heaven will come with all religious persons who have served and worshipped her. And likewise, the noise will be heard in hell. As Chrysostom said.\n\nAnd then shall come Lucifer, Asmodeus, Satan, Belphegor, Astaroth, and other captains, and with all that is in hell. And this aforementioned blowing will be heard in all corners of the world.\n\nAnd then shall come Cain, who killed his brother, and shall go with the aforementioned devils. And also all murderers. Judas with all traitors, Pilate with all unrighteous judges, Herod with all false kings and princes, Barrabas with all thieves, Lamech with all those who have not kept their wedlock, Nemorah with all blasphemers, Yezid with all false merchants, Simon Magus with all sorcerers..All who have killed their children, Isabel, and all harlots and lewd women, are like Saint John said in his fifth chapter. The good will rise again to life, but those who have acted wickedly will rise for judgment. And you shall understand by the second donkey's clap, as the evangelist said in the Apocalypse, that all those who will be gathered in the Judgment shall be separated into four groups. The first company will sit by the Judgment of our Lord. This company will not give sentence but will approve the sentence of our Lord Jesus Christ. In this company are all those who have left their good here on earth for the love of our Lord and have given it to the poor and to religious people. And to those who have kept the commandment of our Lord, as Matthew said in his nineteenth chapter..Chapter.\n\u00b6 You who have left all and the rest.\n\u00b6 And in the second company shall be in the same judgment. All those who have been good people, and have also committed sin and have done penance therefore willingly for their sin, and have also done the works of mercy. And our Lord will say to them, \"Come, you who have done my will and the commandment of my Father in the land of eternal joy.\" \u00b6 I was hungry and you gave me food. I was thirsty and you gave me drink. I was a stranger and you welcomed me. I was naked and you clothed me. I was sick and you took care of me. I was in prison and you visited me. And the last will say to them, \"Come, you who have done the will of my Father in heaven, enter the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.\" \u00b6 The third company that shall come to judgment will be the wicked Christians. Those who have not kept nor fulfilled the commandments of the Lord, nor the works of mercy. And our Lord will say to them, \"As it is written in Matthew's twenty-fifth chapter.\".\"Esuriui ec nec dedistis mihi manducare et cetera. I have had neither food nor drink given to me, and I have desired the goodness of your soul. And you have not cared for me. Nor have you visited me or given me medicine, nor have you allowed me to be released from prison. Nor have you clothed me. And though the damned may say, \"We have not seen you naked,\" it is as if they were saying, \"We have not seen you on earth.\" And our Lord will say, \"Depart from me, you cursed, into the everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels.\" Which fourth company shall be Jews, Turks, and pagans. Those who have not believed in our Lord shall be given to the devils of hell without mercy. Without judgment to do over them.\".For all such folk is condemned before they depart from this world. Like St. John says in his third chapter, \"He who does not believe is already judged.\" And as Matthew says in his eighteenth chapter, \"The angels will gather out of his kingdom all things that cause sin and all law-breakers, and will throw them into the furnace of fire. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, and there will be great distress of soul and mourning and pain.\" And they will be everlasting and unending.\n\nAnd you may well understand that the wicked will be judged before the righteous on the day of judgment by the righteous Judge, our Lord Jesus Christ. And they will receive the good mercifully and say to them, \"Come, blessed souls, and receive what is prepared for you in the eternal joy of heaven.\" And as the wise man said, so also will the wicked not see the joy of our Lord.\n\nTake away from him who does not see the glory of God. (That is to say, keep the wicked away from seeing the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.).A male figure or Jesus Christ is depicted above two groups of naked figures, one surrounded by clouds, the other by flames. In the background are tokens of the Passion: a crown of thorns, a vinegar sponge, a ladder, a spitting head, and a column with ropes and a whip. And according to St. John in Revelation, we shall understand these blessed tokens of our Lord Ihu's Passion. Which will bring them to Judgment. For they shall show them to all rede-ly creatures, to the day of Judgment. And the tokens of his Passion shall be brighter than the rays of the sun or stars. And our Lord shall say to those that are damned,\n\nLook here at this treasure of my blood that I have given for you. Where is that service or gift the which you have given me in return for this costly treasure of my blood? And then all nations of the earth shall complain over themselves. Principally, the Turks, Jews, and heathen people.. They shullen them self gyue discomfort. for that they ha\u00a6ue ben ayenst oure lorde. And the fals kristen peo\u00a6ple shullen complaeyn that they haue done so mo\u00a6che ylle. for they good workes the oure lorde Ihesu hath done for vs &c.\n\u00b6 Who that oure lorde shal speke to the synners & mysdoers of his passien.\ndepiction of a male figure or Jesus Christ nailed to a cross; below a birch and whip, two hands and two feet with nail wounds, a spear or lance entering a heart, a crown of thorns, and three nails\nANd also in that daye of Iugement shall oure lorde saye to them tho that be dam\u00a6pned. Loke here that body that whiche ye haue putte on the Crosse. Loke here youre Iu\u2223ge the whiche is god and menshe \u00b6 Loke here the wondes the whiche ye haue made hem. loke here the syde the whiche ye haue wonded and dore pas\u00a6sed wyth aspere. loke here my handes the whiche bee thorugh nayled for your sake on the crosse. the whiche I haue put oute for to receyue you. hadde it plesed you. And for that case that ye haue cared not for my.And I have called and cried after you, and you have set nothing before me. Therefore go you in that everlasting fire with the devils of hell with all their company. For one good man shall hasten to do penance while he is alive, so that he may be bought with that treasure his blots. And thus we shall not be of the four company of Judgment. Though they be damned.\n\nAt the first, our Lord will show the Column to all those who have not been mercifully dealt with, where He shed His blood so plentifully. We shall then thank our Lord. Like Ambrose said, \"For I am more bound to You for Your bitter passion, which You suffered for me and all mankind, and through which I am bought, than I am bound to the might of the Almighty, for to be made and shaped should not have profited me had I not been bought.\".As Bernard said, there is nothing so profitable for healing the wounds of the soul as frequently remembering the passion of our Lord.\n\nAt the second time, our Lord will show his precious Crown of thorns to those who have been proud. And they have placed upon their heads that which they have pleased the world and have cared nothing for him nor for the crown that he bore on his head for our sake.\n\nAt the third time, our Lord will show the lance of his passion to those who have been angry and have not loved their fellow Christians. And have taken pleasure in their misfortune. Of this, Seneca said, \"I would that hating men had eyes to see in all corners of the world. For the lance of hating themselves should pierce them through or wound them with all its bitterness and all his fortune.\".That they have seen that the men have suffered much pain from the hateful people, as He has pleasure from the miserable men.\ndepiction of two hands with nails in the palms\nAt the fourth, our Lord shall show them His nails in His hands to those who have been covetous, though they have never been satisfied. To them the apostle said, \"Have we not food and clothing? Let us be content and rejoice in all things.\" \ndepiction of two feet with a nail through them\nAt the fifth, our Lord shall show them His nails in His feet to those who have had great pleasure in dancing and have had more pleasure in that than in remembering the passion of our Lord. And therefore the devil shall dance with them in hell.\ndepiction of an angel holding a cross\nAnd at the sixth, He shall show it to them who have not been patient in this world and have not willingly suffered anything for the love of our Lord..\"Gregorius said to them: \"Do you desire the sweetness of that paradise more than to remove the bitterness here? At the seventh time, our Lord will show the rod and the thorns to those who have been lecherous. There, they were shorn and beaten. The lecherous ones have wasted the good of their souls and shortened their lives without chastising their bodies. And to amend their living, at the eighth time, our Lord will show them his purple robe, which he will mock them with, and a white robe which he will clothe them in. This he will show to them who have been proud in their clothing, with costly furs and long tails on their garments, as well as the wicked and the foolish. One will drag the other into evil thoughts, as Chrysostom said.\"\".all those who do this to each other shall receive eternal judgment, for they sinned greatly in the Lord Ihu.\n\nA depiction of the head of a male figure or Jesus Christ, blindfolded:\nThat is the sign our Lord will show to all those who falsely sell their good. Like false merchants and beguilers, they who falsely sell their good in this world. The one who fills his blessed face with woe binds and blinds it. And though they beat him on the neck and ask in mocking who has done this and so on. In this manner you blind our Lord. And sell your good with great oaths and swear falsely. And he is seeing and knowing all things.\n\nA depiction of a rope:\nThat is the sign he will show the ropes with which his blessed hands and arms were bound. To all those who give themselves and lead others into sin, to lecherousness and fleshly lust.\n\nThat is the eleventh sign of his passion: he will show the gall and vinegar they gave him on the cross..To those who have eaten and drunk. In particular, to the drunkards. Like Raina, Lucas said in his sixth chapter. To you who are filled, I say. Saint Jerome stated that it is impossible to fulfill those who have never known or whose bellies have never been full in this world. And their souls to be merry in paradise.\n\nAnd Saint Bernard also said. Why in this world is the fulfillment of fleshly lust not worthy to be spied of spiritual food of heaven? And Ambrose said. Those drunkards harm their nature and deprive themselves of the grace of God and the glory of heaven, and obtain everlasting damnation.\n\nThe twelve signs will show our Lord, which the Jews spit upon his blessed face. This will show to them who have blasphemed and made themselves fairer than God has made them. Ambrose says, \"Obscure the image of God in your natural countenance with a deep and profound blush and so on.\".That which is the thirty-first token shall our Lord show to those who here have colored and made it curl, and they, the women, have discovered for their part in helping men to sin &c.\n\nThat which is the twenty-fourth token shall our Lord Jesus show to the dice players or gamblers. Though they have played for lucre and covetousness, and not for pleasure. For covetousness is in them a deadly sin. Therefore such play you may not do without sin. And all such gains you have obtained may you not keep but turn it again to those to whom it is owed.\n\nThat which is the fifteenth token and the last shall our Lord show the money there with Him when it was sold and bought. And He shall show it to them who have been usurers and have done no restitution or given it back. \u0152Good Lord, what will such people say at the dreadful day of Judgment. For Judas gave away thirty pieces of silver..\"penitence is not granted unless the wrongful good is restored first. Usuraius (the usurer) may do no penance truly. For he has given back what he obtained through it. The reason is, as Saint Augustine said in his common rule or order: \"sin is not forgiven until the wrongful good is restored to those to whom it is owing.\" Here ends this little treatise, which is called the fifteen tokens, recently translated from French into English. It is necessary for every man and woman to know them and remember the dreadful day of judgment that we shall all come to, and also the passion of our Lord Jesus Christ, that we may not be lost to us and may bring us to our most needy hour.\".And that he may bring me and you all into everlasting and perpetual joy. Amen.\nAnd also that we may obtain after this life a merciful judgment, and that we may escape that dreadful word. Go ye that are cursed of the Lord &c.\nSo there is nothing better there against than to receive the passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. As Bernard said. O ye men, remember the passion of our Lord in your mind. For if you died in the tusk (unclear), it was pitiful to see &c.\nDepiction of a male figure or Jesus Christ being guarded by a group, while a seated male figure washes his hands.\nItem therefore our Lord went from Annas' house to Caiaphas' house. There was Caiaphas and thirty, and between the way they mocked our Lord. Thirty times they struck him in his blessed face, and gave him forty great strokes on his neck. And the false Jews asked our Lord in Caiaphas' house if he was the Son of God, and he said, \"You say that I am.\" And in their presence they passed judgment on him as worthy to die..And they mocked him forty-six times in his face. And they gave him forty great strokes on his neck the second time. And the Jews went to Caiaphas' house to conspire, writing and consulting together who they would denounce our Lord Jesus. And there were sixty-six of their leading men in that same night.\nItem, our Lord had one hundred and eighty-eight sores which he suffered particularly during the time of his passion.\nDepiction of a semi-naked male figure, Jesus Christ, bound to a column while two male figures beat him with a birch and a whip; in the background, other figures look in at the window.\nAnd early in the morning, the Jews brought our Lord with four hundred servants to Pilate's house. And there were the footsteps of M and P. Pilate sent our Lord to Herod's house. And there were the footsteps of C and L. And Pilate wanted to please the Jews and urged them to surrender him. For the false Jews' will. And our Lord Jesus received six hundred soldiers..The strokes and wounds our Lord endured were not negligible.\nDepiction of a seated male figure or Jesus Christ, robed, with wrists bound, wearing a crown of thorns; two male figures press it into him with a pole.\nItem, the crown our Lord was placed upon His blessed head had 70 thorns. The thorns had been distorted. And the thorns pierced His blessed head twice. So our Lord received many wounds for our sake. And there, the wounds our Lord received from the crown, have been immeasurable. Also, if anyone wishes to worship these wounds, they shall say every day the fifteen Pater Nosters.\nDepiction of a male figure or Jesus Christ dragging a large cross, helped by another male figure or Simon or Cyrene; around them other figures including two soldiers and two female figures.\nOur Lord was struck thirty times as He bore His Cross. And our Lord fell down to the ground..And from Jerusalem to the hill of Calvary, there were 71 steps for His feet. From the hill below to above, there have been 40 steps. Moreover, the width above on the hill where our Lord was crucified has been 40 steps. Additionally, our Lord was nailed on that Cross with 40 strokes of the hammer and so on. The false Jews made a rope from it and pulled His feet to the hole of the Cross, for they were too long. They nailed His feet there and the strokes were 811 and so on.\n\nDepiction of the crucifixion: A male figure or Jesus Christ nailed to a cross; a male figure is tied to another cross on either side; below, four soldiers including one on horseback and one piercing his heart with a lance or spear; nearby, four haloed figures, including a male figure or John the Baptist and a female figure or Mary.\n\nOur Lord hung on that Cross for three hours alive and then..Hours deed and wept our Lord on that cross. And hundreds of footsteps were our Lord born from the cross to his sepulcher or grave. After that same time that our Lord was raised out of his grave, he was in the earth for forty days. Also, if any man or woman wishes to worship the blood drops of our Lord Ihu, they should say every day a whole year, \"Pater noster,\" and then should be worshipped every drop with one \"Pater noster.\" Also, those who do this shall have from our Lord a special grace. And if there was any man or woman who began this and died in the first year, he should be rewarded with the whole time of fifteen years and so on.\n\nOur Lord Jesus, who was crucified, had his blessed face turned towards us westward. Therefore, turn our faces eastward when we pray to our Lord on the cross..As our Lord Jesus Christ went to heaven, He had His blessed face turned towards it and prayed to His Father in heaven for us. Therefore, let us also pray in this manner: face eastward, and may He be willing to give us everlasting life after this wretched life. Amen.\n\nPrinted by John Doeschaert (or Doesborch) dwelling at Antwerp by the Iron Balance &c.\n\nprinter's device of Jan van Doesborch (?): an armored male figure or soldier holding a sword and blowing a horn; to his left hangs a shield featuring a castle; to his right hangs a blank shield; behind his feet, a blank scroll.", "creation_year": 1505, "creation_year_earliest": 1505, "creation_year_latest": 1505, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"}
]