[
{"source_document": "", "creation_year": 1703, "culture": " English\n", "content": "Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed\nproduced from images generously made available by The\nInternet Archive)\n                      Made Practicable and Easie,\n  Humbly submitted to the Consideration of both Houses of Parliament.\n                       By a Lover of his Country.\n     Printed for _Henry Bonwick_, at the _Red-Lion_ in St. _Paul_\u2019s\n THE REGULATING Silver Coin, &c.\n DEFINITIONS.\n CHAP. I. Of the present badness of our Coin.\n CHAP. II. Of the present Scarcity of Silver Coin in England.\n CHAP. III. Of the Importation of Silver.\n CHAP. IV. Of Altering our Coin.\n CHAP. V. Of Exportation of Coin\u2019d Silver.\n CHAP. VI. Of melting down the current Coyn of England by our Goldsmiths\n    and other Artificers.\n CHAP. VII. Of Hoarding up of the Silver Coyn.\n CHAP. VIII. Of Regulating our Silver Coyn.\n CHAP. IX. Advantages and Conveniencies most of which may be expected\n    from this Method.\nWriting on so curious, and intricate a Subject, I have great Reason to\nbespeak the Candour of the Reader.\nA Book of this Nature cannot but expect to meet with great Opposition,\nand \u2019tis very probable from Two sorts of Men especially, _viz._ Those\nthat know little of the Subject-Matter, and those that know much.\nThey that know little are Jealous, and they that know much Opiniatre,\nand whilst one will not take Pains to comprehend a thing, another taketh\ntoo much to overthrow it.\n[Sidenote: _Mr._ Lowndes.]\nBut as I hope I shall say nothing here, to be pity\u2019d; so I am on the\nother side pretty secure from Envy, because, the greatest Credit that\ncan be gotten, by a thing of this Nature, doth already seem to be\nengross\u2019d by a late learned and industrious Writer upon this Subject.\nIt was, I must needs say, a prudent piece of Service the _Lords of the\nTreasury_ did the Nation, and more particularly the _Parliament_, under\nwhose Judgment this matter justly falls, by imploying so able a Pen to\nclear the way, in giving a true, and entertaining Account of Matter of\nFact.\nBut I must do my self that little piece of Justice too, as to\nacknowledge the main Design of these Papers was laid before I could have\na sight of that Book:\nAnd now I am ready enough to confess my own Weakness, and Insufficiency,\nfor so great an Undertaking; nor do I pretend to write a Stile equal to\nthat experienc\u2019d Minister, but am contented to be understood without\nshining, and to offer Mathematical Reasoning, without polishing and\nOrnament.\nWhen I at first form\u2019d the whole Scheme, I had more Leisure, by much,\nthan when I put it in Writing, and I can better answer for my Design,\nthan for my way of expressing it; and therefore all the Favour I expect\nor ask, is, that the _Theorem_, which is the main of the Work, may not\nsuffer for the Inartificialness of the _Problems_ that lead to it.\nI affect Truth and Plainness, and a sincere Love to my Country.\nWhatsoever I have read or heard on this Subject, hath brought the\nMatters to this _Dilemma_, that either Coin must want of its intrinsic\nValue, so as to disatisfie most of the King\u2019s loving Subjects, and\nendanger a fatal stop to Trade; or if it is to be made of near an\nintrinsic Value, according to the Rate Silver shall go at in the time of\nCoining, then upon every little Rise of Silver higher than that Price,\nwe are in danger of having it exported and melted down; and so every\nParliament may meet with the same Difficulties we at present labour\nunder in the badness and scarcity of Silver Coin.\nThat which I pretend to, is, to obviate both these Dangers, or otherwise\nI confess I might have spar\u2019d my Pains; for he who hath provided for one\nand not the other, hath at the best but done _half the Work_.\nThere are three Terms of Value, upon the right Understanding of which,\nmuch depends, _viz._ _Extrinsic_, _Intrinsic_, _Real_.\n_Extrinsic Value_ of Money is the Denomination and Power, that is given\nit by Authority.\n_Intrinsic Value_ is the necessary and Natural Value, always and every\nwhere inherent in the Species.\n_Real Value_ is a Certain Value more or less than Extrinsic, or\nIntrinsic, adherent to the Species, with respect to time and place.\nTWO things are now under Consideration. 1. The Badness of our Silver\nCoin.\n2. The Scarcity of it.\n                 _Of the present badness of our Coin._\nBy Current Coin, I mean not that which is Current by Law, but by Custom;\nthat which People are forc\u2019d to take for want of better, to the great\nGrievance of the Subject, Dishonour of the Kingdom, and Obstruction of\nTrade.\nFor every Man now is destitute of a sufficient Pledge and Security for\nhis Personal Estate, unless he will take Personal Security, or find out\na Mortgage, or rely upon a Bank.\nPersonal Security is now less than ever, the publick Banks have so\ndrain\u2019d or so engag\u2019d at least the Traders in Money.\nMortgages are very hard to be found, for small Summs, and much harder\nfor great ones, since the establishment of the new Banks.\nAnd as for a sole reliance on the Credit of the new Banks I leave that\nfor other Heads to discuss; I am of the Opinion it was never intended\nthat they should be the only Security for Personal Estates, and that\nPeople should carry in their Money to \u2019em out of necessity, and not\nchoice.\nAnd how dishonourable it is to the King and Kingdom that our Money\nshould be so suddenly debased to such a shameful Degree, foreign States\nwill soon determine:\nNow that it doth not become so by publick Authority but by Connivence of\nthe Sovereignty, or Necessities of the Nation, is not stating the thing\nat all less Dishonourably.\nFor Connivence at a Fault discovers either an Ignorance of it, or\nInability to correct it, or design in making use of it.\n\u2019Tis plain enough the Government is not Ignorant of it.\nHis Majesty in His Speech to both Houses of Parliament, shews He hath no\ndesign in making use of it, because He recommends the redressing of it\nto their Consideration, and therefore the not redressing it, can be only\nimputable to the Weakness and Poverty of the State:\nAnd what Inferences, not only the _French_, but all other Politicians\nmay draw from thence are very obvious.\nThe finest Clothes that our Soldiers can put on, in the Field, would not\nat all dazzle the Eyes of the Confederate Princes, nor strike any\ndespondencies into the Minds of our Enemies, if they shall all come to\nknow that the whole Power of _England_ is at this time held up by the\nimaginary Value of _Birmingham_ half Crowns and Shillings.\nIt will hearten our Enemies, and discourage our Friends, very much, when\nthey shall come to know that the Nummary Wealth of _England_ is almost\nvanish\u2019d, the Silver Coin gone, and the Royal Mint at a stand.\nNo Body will believe that we can long subsist at this rate; and indeed\n\u2019tis impossible we should, for if \u2019tis now much harder to redress than\nit was a year ago, and that means cannot be yet found out to do it, what\nHopes shall we have of ever doing it \u2019till the War is ended? and what\nHopes shall we have of bringing our Enemies to Terms, whilst they are\nsensible of our great Poverty.\nThe only way, sure, to bring the _French_ King to Reason, will be by\nshewing him we are Able to continue the War as long as he can possibly\nbe Willing, which he can never believe, so long as he sees our Money, by\nwhich he judges our Wealth to be imaginary only, and not real Silver.\nBesides all this, we are in apparent Danger hereby of being more\neffectually and suddenly ruin\u2019d by our Friends.\nFor if this Sessions of Parliament should break up without regulating\nthe Coin, what Consequences may possibly ensue?\nIt is not impossible that Foreigners in all parts of _Christendom_\nshould immediately set themselves to counterfeit our base Money.\nThere are beyond Seas as good Chymists, and Black-Smiths as at _London_,\nor _Birmingham_, and \u2019tis not impossible that they should secretly\nImport as much base Money, resembling that which goes current among us,\nand which hath not the intrinsic Value of One Shilling in Three, as if\nthey please may not only buy up and Export Two or Three Millions Worth\nof our Staple Commodities, affording \u2019em Cheaper abroad than we can at\nhome; but as much Worth of our imported Commodities, even Gold it self,\nif they like that Trade better.\nSuch an Importation of Money would I fear, be of worse Consequence than\nall our Exportation of Silver and Gold can prove.\nIf what cost our Merchants a Shilling, they should sell for a Groat, or\nif they shall buy of us an Ounce of Gold for Three or Four Ounces of\nSilver, or supposing \u2019em to buy it at 6 _s._ 6 _d._ _per_ Ounce, they\nshall buy an Ounce for as much Counterfeit Money as shall not have 7\nPeny-Weight of true Bullion in it, this would give our Balance of Trade,\nsuch a Terrible Swing, as no true Hearted _English-Man_ would be willing\nto see.\nThis is a Danger which the easiness and small Charge of counterfeiting\nold Clipp\u2019d Money threatens very much, unless it be speedily cry\u2019d down.\nAnd in the mean time, let us consider the Condition of the other Coin\namong us, not counterfeited, but Clipp\u2019d, fil\u2019d, or otherwise\ndiminish\u2019d.\n\u2019Tis plainly demonstrable by the Receipts of Money in His Majesty\u2019s\nExchequer, that one half of the Silver is already Clipp\u2019d away, and\nthere is no Security why half what remains wo\u2019nt be taken off too.\nThe Laws are severe enough made, and put in Execution, and yet\n_New-Gate_ is perhaps now as full of Clippers as it was Three or Four\nYears ago.\nNothing but a Sense of Religion doth restrain Men from profitable Sins,\nand the _Ordinary_ of _New-Gate_ can inform us, how little the Guilt of\nClipping affects the Criminal\u2019s Conscience.\nNor will preaching do much Good, upon those that never come to Church.\nClipping is the gainfulest Sin that ever was invented, and sits the\neasiest upon the Sinner\u2019s Mind, and \u2019tis never to be remedied but by\nmaking it impracticable, which Mill\u2019d Money only (and no other to be\ncurrent) can do.\nAnd what a perpetual Discontent and Confusion must it end in, if People\nshall come at last to proffer a Groat for a Shilling?\nThis must increase still vastly the Value of Guineas; this must raise\nthe Price of all Commodities, this must make it impossible to expect any\nMoney at all, either for the King\u2019s Use, or Balance of Trade; and this\nwill not only force us to recall our Troops from _Flanders_, and by a\nnatural Consequence let in the War upon us, but it would put a sudden\nand universal stop to all Foreign Trade.\nAnd what fatal Consequences may it have in the mean time at home let us\nconsider.\nIt may very well be suppos\u2019d that a Dragooner may proffer to a\nCorn-Chandler 2 _s._ for a Bushel of Oats, and that the Corn-Chandler\nseeing that there is not Three Peny _wt._ or 9 Peny worth of Silver in\nboth the Shillings, should not like the Bargain, what\u2019s now to be done?\nShould There be a Law with Penalty for refusing clipp\u2019d Coin, as there\nis for crack\u2019d Six-pences, this would encourage Clippers to leave\nnothing remaining in a Shilling but the Figure XII.\nShould the Law prohibit the passing of all Silver clipp\u2019d within the\nRing, than two Thirds of the present Money of _England_ would be\nimmediately cry\u2019d down: Then the Loss of clipp\u2019d as well as counterfeit\nMoney would be very hard upon the Proprietors, and we should have two\nThirds less Money for carrying on our Trade:\nAnd now we have two Thirds less than we should have, and if that two\nThirds, which is cry\u2019d down at the Owner\u2019s Loss, should be carry\u2019d to\nthe Mint, and new coin\u2019d, it would scarce yield a twelfth Part of what\nwe should then want.\nIf the Law should put down all Silver Money but of such a Weight, then\ncertainly all Money above that Weight would be clipp\u2019d down to it, and\nevery Man must carry a pair of Scales in his Pocket, and we are still\nsubject to the Consequence of the former Paragraph, as that former\nParagraph would be to the first Conclusion of this, _viz._ _That all\nMoney would be soon clipp\u2019d down to the publick Standard._\nLet the matter be canvas\u2019d never so much, it must at last come to this\nConclusion.\n_We cannot subsist either in War or Peace if the Coin of_ England _be\nnot speedily regulated_.\n         _Of the present_ Scarcity _of Silver Coin in_ England.\nNow let us consider, that if all the current Silver Coin of _England_\nwere passable and unalterable, yet we have vastly too little in Tale for\ncarrying on the Trade of the Nation.\nAnd this will appear several Ways, but chiefly by the high Price or\nGuineas and the Causes thereof.\nGuineas have risen from 21 _s._ 6 _d._ to 30 _s._ either because the\nintrinsic Value of Gold hath risen near in Proportion to the Diminution\nof the intrinsic Value of Silver Coin, or by reason of the Scarcity of\nthe Silver Coin, or the Uncertainty of it, or partly by Reason of one,\nand partly t\u2019other, which I believe is the Truth, that the Badness and\nScarcity of Silver Coin hath occasioned an extravagant Rise of Gold.\nNow if so much as concerns the Scarcity of Silver be granted me, then I\nhave nothing to do upon this Article, but shew that the present high\nPrice of Gold is dangerous to the Nation, and more dangerous will a\nfarther Advance of the Price thereof be.\nAnd to them who think the Badness of our Coin the greatest Reason of the\npresent high Valuation of Gold, I shall in the mean time say, that if\nthe Price of Gold hath risen, suppose 4 _s._ or 5 _s._ in a Guinea, upon\nthe Account only of the Baseness of our Silver Coin; then in handling\nthat Notion we must look upon Gold not so much a Coin as a Commodity,\nand so indeed it is at this Present; because the Price of Gold in the\nOar or Ingott hath risen almost proportionably to that which is coin\u2019d;\nso that a Man doth not take a Guinea rather than 29 clipp\u2019d Shillings,\nbecause the King\u2019s Impress is upon it; for so \u2019tis upon the Shillings;\nor because Authority has made it pass so, for that Authority is wanting;\nbut because it is of a greater intrinsic Value than is in 29 Shillings\nof clipp\u2019d or counterfeit Money, which is now most current: So that the\nValuation of the Commodity Gold hath encreased as the intrinsic Value of\nour Silver Coin hath decreased.\nAnd if so, then it is to be suspected that the Price of all staple\nCommodities have encreased in equal Proportion, or that they are in such\na Proportion now higher than they wou\u2019d have been; for Gold and Silver\nbeing reciprocally the Standards and Measures of Proportion of one\nanother, are so of every thing else; and if I can now buy as many Ounces\nand Peny-Weights of Silver for a Guinea, as I could have done formerly,\nthen is not Silver Risen more than Gold: and if I can buy as many Grains\nof Gold now with an Ounce of Silver as I could formerly, then is not\nGold risen more than Silver. And this is, perhaps more than a\nSupposition: For when Silver was 5 _s._ an Ounce, I cou\u2019d buy 4 Ounces 6\nPeny-wt. with a Guinea, and so I can now, that Silver is 6 _s._ 6 _d._\n_per_ Ounce. Again when Gold was about 3 _l._ 14 _s._ an Ounce, I cou\u2019d\nbuy an Ounce of Gold with 15 Ounces of Silver, and so I can now, or near\nthe Matter: So that the Commodities of Gold and Silver answer one\nanother as they did, or near thereabout, abating only for the\nPortableness of Gold and its Coinage; whereas no Coinage is now\nallowable for those Pieces of Silver wherein the Coinage is defaced and\nspoiled; and if those two Commodities are so much higher than they would\nhave been: For they are the Measure and Rule of Proportion of all. Then\nwhen the Value of Gold and Silver rises, the intrinsic Value of all\nCommodities rise with \u2019em:\nFor suppose an _Eastland_ or _Hamburgh_ Merchant brings over a Barrel of\nMum, which he (when our Money was old Standard) sold for 3 _l._ he\ndisliking our Money now, sells his Mum, not according to the extrinsic\nValuation of our Money, which is risen since he was here last; because\nthe Intrinsic is diminished, but according to the common Value of Gold\nand Silver in the World; and therefore requires now 4 _l._ because he\njudges our Silver to be a fourth Part worse than it was, or if at 5 _l._\nhe judges it to be 2 Parts in 5 worse.\nAgain, suppose he sells his Mum for Gold, or is to exchange his Silver\nfor Gold, that which he was wont to sell for 3 Guineas, he expects 3\nGuineas for still; or if you are to pay him in Silver, he expects as\nmuch as he can change for 3 Guineas, he wo\u2019nt be fobb\u2019d off with less:\nSo the Merchant sells as cheap as ever; but we pay more, because what we\npay, is dearer than it was.\nYou\u2019ll object against this way of reasoning, and say \u2019tis the Risques of\nthe Sea, and Obstructions of Trade now in Time or War, makes all foreign\nCommodities dearer.\nBut I hope I don\u2019t err in saying, that the Merchant notwithstanding the\nWar wou\u2019d take less of our Silver Coin for the same Commodities if it\nwere better, and less Gold of us if it wou\u2019d buy as much Silver in his\nown Country.\nAnd there are Reasons which may ballance the Dangers of the Seas in\nTimes of War in Reference to our Commerce with the Subjects of Neutral\nPrinces.\nOn our side Taxes are great, and the Subject cannot afford to buy so\nmany foreign Commodities as at other times: And on their side they have\nnot so good a Vent as they had; so their Commodities must stick on hand\nunless sold so cheap as may make amends for the Hazards of the Sea, and\nthe Cheapness of Commodities wou\u2019d be the natural Effects of Scarcity of\nMoney, if our Money had the same real Value as formerly.\nAgain a Collier who trades to _Newcastle_ is wont to receive a Guinea\nfor every Chaldron of Coals he brought into the River at such a Time of\nYear, and so he doth still, and no more; and who can say Coals are risen\nand Mum is risen? No such thing; but Gold and Silver are risen: And when\nwe give the same Gold and Silver for a Commodity as we did, we\nwrongfully say the Commodity is dear, when \u2019tis not that but the Gold\nand Silver which costs us more. We give the same Labour, the same\nLeather, the same Mault, for the same Quantity of Gold and Silver which\nwe did.\nAnd now \u2019tis the Country Gentlemen, Artizans and Day-Labourers have the\nhardest Bargain of all.\nThe Farmer sells his own Corn and Cattle according to the Value of Gold\nand Silver, and the Mercer his Silks, and the Draper his Cloth, and the\nTanner his Leather; but the Farmer in the mean time pays his Rent, and\nHusbandmen, and Artizans, according to the Value of our present Coin,\nand when he paid 28 Guineas a Quarter formerly, twenty shall serve turn\nnow; and the Scrivener buys the Country Gentlemen\u2019s Lands, according to\nthe Valuation of Coin; and not Metal; and the Land which cost the Father\n600 Guineas, is now sold by the Son for 430; and half a Year hence it\nmay be proffered for 300. This is nothing but Ruine and Confusion to the\nLanded Men of the Kingdom.\nBut if the Buyers of Land, as the Merchants, Bankers and Scriveners are,\nwere Sellers too, we should find Land rise in Proportion to every thing\nelse.\nAnd whereas you\u2019ll say that Farmers and Grasiers are no Merchants, and\nwou\u2019d be as well contented with passable Coin as old Standard, \u2019tis very\ntrue, but they keep up to such Prices as their whole-sale Chapmen can\nafford to give \u2019em; and when a Factor sells his Cloth at\n_Blackwell-Hall_; he considers the Necessity of the Buyer, as well as\nExpence of the Clothier; when a Merchant can make a better Profit, \u2019tis\nexpected he should give a better Price.\nBut this with some unthinking People is the Effect of War; and because\nsome things are dearer upon this Account than others, therefore every\nthing else that is dearer must have the same Cause assigned; but a\ngeneral Cheapness of things should, methinks, be the Natural Effect of\nour War, if our Money with which we go to Market were as it should be.\nThe War consumes but little of our Product and Manufacture; it carries a\ngreat many Mouthes into _Flanders_, and that would naturally make\nProvisions cheap: Many of these Mouths had idle Hands, and so they are\nnot miss\u2019d in the Manufacture; but instead of them, a great many\nindustrious Foreigners come among us who eat little and work much.\nThe Taxes, as I said, are great Inducements to Frugality, and the\nAdvantages People have of late made of Money, have been no less.\nThese and other such like things if the Price of Gold and Silver had not\nrisen, must have occasion\u2019d a Fall of most other Commodities.\nAnd now let us consider the Danger of the high Price of Gold as it\nstands at present.\nCoin is the most portable Commodity, and Gold the most portable Coin;\nbut we have run it up high, and therefore do\u2019nt at present fear\nExportation; but then, if \u2019tis considerably higher than among our\nNeighbours, there is great Reason to fear too great an Importation may\nbe as dangerous, as a disadvantagious one doth already prove.\nIt seems to me so curious and nice a Commodity that always there may be\nDanger in it.\nIf in the great Thirst that\u2019s now upon us, we take in too much that will\noccasion a still more dangerous Rise of Silver: For considering the\npresent Balance of Trade, the more Gold is imported, the less there will\nbe of Silver; and if we import too little, we leave our selves destitute\nof a Way of Trading.\nAnd if the Gold which is our present Support, should by the Craft of\nForeigners, or necessities of the War follow the Silver out of the\nNation, we should be left, I doubt in a very bad Condition.\nAnd if its Value should rise, as it must needs do if the Silver Coin\ngrow worse and worse, then by how much it rises, by so much more all the\nInconveniences and Dangers of its late Rise among us will encrease.\nWhat those Dangers are at present is no great Mystery, the _English_\nMerchants will make none of it if they may be heard.\nThe melancholly Letters which their Factors abroad daily send \u2019em makes\nthe Case plain.\nThat a Guinea in _Holland_ and _Flanders_ is now but 26 _s._ or to speak\nmore properly and plainly too, so many Rials, or Dolars and Stivers as\nbear Proportion to 26 _s._ of our Money.\nAt that Rate they there buy our Guineas of Officers, which they can\u2019t be\nhindered carrying over in their Pockets; then the _Holland_ and\n_Flemming_ Merchants send back to us the same Guineas to buy therewith\nour Staple Goods and Manufactures.\nHere they are received at 30 _s._ And their Factors here, who buy our\nManufactures as cheap of the Clothier or Stocking-Seller as our own\nMerchants, send back for 1000 Guineas. (for Instance) Received from\n_Holland_ 1500 Pounds worth of our Goods, which when the _Dutch_ or\n_Flemming_ Merchant receives, he finds by his Accompts that these Goods\nstand him in no more than 1300 _l._ So that he has received beyond Sea\nthe like Goods for 1300, _&c._ which hath stood our _English_ Merchant\nin 1500 _l._ The _English_ and _Flemming_ Merchants then ship off each\ntheir Goods for _Spain_, _Turkey_, the _East_ or _West-Indies_, and\nthere they go to Market to sell these Goods, and the _Flemming_\nunder-sells the _English_ 13 _per Cent._ even in these Commodities which\nare the Product of _England_.\nAnd now what is the plain Inference? but inevitable Ruine to the whole\nTrade of the Nation. Here\u2019s an End of Merchandise, and (in Time of\nPeace) all Use of Shipping.\nThis I think is the natural and the present Effect of the Rise of\nGuineas.\nBut to return to my proper Subject, fare it as it will with Gold, the\ncurrent Silver Coin of _England_ is, by 3 Parts in 5 too little for our\nIn-Land Trade, and must ruine in Process of time all those Traders who\nare wont to make several Returns of their Money in a Year; for the\nScarcity of Money occasions the giving of longer Credit than is usual,\nand the giving of Credit hinders the Frequency of Returns.\nAgain, the Want of Silver Coin occasions the taking of Gold at such high\nRates; and the Value of Gold Coin being uncertain, which Silver Coin\nhath not hitherto been, the Receiver will always allow himself for a\nprobable Loss: (which would be the certain Effect too of making the\nValuation or Silver Coin alterable and uncertain) that Allowance makes\nthings bought so much the dearer, and that Dearness puts a Damp upon\nTrade.\nSo that the Scarcity of Silver is not only at present too visible, but\nso long as the Balance of Trade is lightest on our Side, is like to be\nmore and more felt.\nYet the great Naval Stores we buy from abroad, the great Remittances to\nbe provided for the Subsistence of our Armies and Fleets, are things\ninevitable, and \u2019tis impossible to hinder the Exportation of Bullion.\nBut \u2019tis very easie to hinder the Exportation of Money.\nAnd as we shall do well to consider, that altho\u2019 our Plate may serve us\nonce at a dead Lift, as the _French_ King show\u2019d us the Way, yet it\ncan\u2019t serve us above once, and when that\u2019s gone after the rest of our\nSilver, what are we to do next?\nWe must not only stop a present Gap, but provide for the future, and so\nI lay it down as a Conclusion.\n_That we are under a very great Want of Silver Coin to carry on the\nnecessary Trade of the Kingdom._\n                    _Of the Importation of Silver._\nThat which encourages the Importation of any Commodity is the Certainty\nand Quickness of a Market at a good Price.\nBut notwithstanding Silver is dear in _England_, at present we are but\ndull Traders for it.\nFor the _Mint_ and the Silver-Smiths being the chief Buyers, these\ncannot go to Market.\nThe Mint cannot afford to buy and sell to lose; if an Ounce of Silver\ncost the Warden of the Mint 6 _s._ 5 _d._ he can\u2019t afford to make a\nCrown-Piece of it.\nAnd the fear of Plate\u2019s being call\u2019d in, to the Disadvantage of the\nOwner, puts too great a Damp upon the Silver-Smiths\u2019 Trade.\nAnd the actual calling it in, upon such Terms, would very little mend\nthe Matter; People will not be very fond of buying more, for fear at\nleast the same Trick should be serv\u2019d \u2019em twice.\nAnd yet our Coin being altogether insufficient, we must provide for a\nconsiderable Quantity more.\nThe Quantity we want must be imported according to our Occasions, or\nwhat we have already, be augmented, by altering the _Species_, or by\ncoining out our Plate.\nIt cannot be soon enough imported in such great Quantities as we at\npresent want, and yet if we could immediately buy it from abroad, we\ncould not afford to coin what we buy, without altering our Coin from the\nold Standard, seeing our Necessity of having it, will make its Price\nrise abroad.\nTherefore I shall refer what I have more to say, concerning Importation,\nto the Chapter of Exportation, and first speak of altering our Coin, for\n\u2019tis evident we must alter our Coin, as well as coin our Plate, or\notherwise our Plate will last us but a little while, and in the mean\ntime we may admit this Conclusion.\n_That_ England _must be as good a Market for Silver as other Countries,\nor we shall have little imported, be it never so plentiful abroad_.\nThere are Three Ways of altering our Coin.\nI. _First_, By not altering the _Species_ of the Money, but the Value of\nit, as making a Crown Piece go for 6 or 7 _s._\nII. _Secondly_, By diminishing the Matter, but leaving the same Name,\nand there is no essential Difference between these two Ways.\nIII. _Thirdly_, by abasing the Fineness with more than ordinary Allay.\n[Sidenote: _Mr. Lownds\u2019s Report_, p. 28. and onwards.]\nThis has been judicially and fully stated by Mr. _Lownd_\u2019s, who hath\nshown the undeniable Expediency of keeping up always our Silver Coin, to\nthe present Fineness, as that illustrious and solid Writer Sr. _Robert\nCotton_ had likewise shew\u2019d, and therefore I will say nothing on this\nTopic, lest I should seem to build upon other Mens Foundations; and I\nthe rather omit it, because all that hath, or can be said, against the\nraising of the extrinsic Valuation of Coin, above the real Value, is\napplicable to the abasing of it by Allay, and I fully assent to that\nAxiom, That the debasing our Money, by Allay, and raising the Value of\nthe Standard, is only doing one and the same thing, (to most Intents and\nPurposes) by two several Ways or Means.\nSuppose then but two Ways of debasing it, by Quantity, or by Quality,\nand still that is all but _debasing_ of it, that is, giving it a Value\nin Name, of more than it hath Intrinsically or Really; for this more\nthan Intrinsic Value, is meerly Extrinsical, supposed, or denominated:\nin short \u2019tis a fictitious imaginary Value, and not a real one, above\nthe intrinsic.\n[Sidenote: _Cotton\u2019s Posthuma_, p. 287.]\nAnd this, to say no more of it, is the reviving of that Monster which Q.\n_Elizab._ of Happy Memory so gloried in the subduing; and I doubt we\nhave Monsters enough to deal with, without reviving more.\nThis is such a devouring Expedient as will immediately swallow down a\nPart of every Man\u2019s Estate, and at last consume the Nation.\nThe Price of every thing will rise instead of falling.\nFor if we were willing to submit to this at home, yet there is such a\nCombination, between our Foreign and Home Trade, and the Relation\nbetween \u2019em is so inseparable, that let the State give it what Name it\nwill, it will pass for no more at home than it doth abroad, unless the\nheavy Balance of Trade was on our side the Water; and it will pass for\nno more abroad than it is _really_, not _Extrinsically_ or Imaginarily,\nworth at home.\nAn Act of Parliament can as well make a _Scotch_ Pound pass for an\n_English_, as half an Ounce of Silver in _England_ to go for an Ounce in\n_Holland_, without _some Consideration as may Balance the Difference_.\nLet us call a six peny-Weight of Silver a Crown-Piece, as loud and as\nlong as we will, yet we shall never buy a Pound of Nutmegs with Four of\n\u2019em, unless you\u2019ll give the _Dutch_ Merchant a Yard of broad-Cloth, or\nsomething else into the Bargain.\n\u2019Tis a plain case, that when the _real_ Value of Money is lessen\u2019d, the\nPrice of every thing will Rise accordingly, be the _Extrinsic_ Value\nwhat it will.\nTwo Crown-Pieces do not buy a Yard of Cloth, because they contain Ten\nShillings, but because they contain almost two Ounces of Silver.\nGold and Silver are the universal Pledges and Security of all Trade, in\nevery Nation, and what\u2019s wanting in their Value must some way or other\nbe made Good, more than in Name or Supposition.\n\u2019Tis True, in _Holland_ and elsewhere, they have a base Under-Money, and\nthere is not an Ounce of Silver, perhaps, in as many Stivers or\nSchillings, as are Equivalent to Ten Shillings in our Money.\nBut if in _Holland_, you can exchange so many of them, as have not an\nOunce of pure Silver in \u2019em, for as much of their better Coin, as\ncontains two or three Ounces of good Silver, then doubtless you can buy\nas good Commodities for those, as you can proportionably for their\nbetter Money; as here you might formerly have bought as much Pack-Thread\nfor 48 Tin Farthings as for a Silver Shilling; the Reason is, because\nthere was a recourse; and base Money will have a proportionable Value to\nGood, in that place where it can be changed into Good; but that\u2019s a very\ndifferent thing, from debasing the whole _Species_ of Money throughout\nthe Nation, so that a Man shall be forc\u2019d always to take Under-Money,\nwithout any prospect of remedy.\nI have nothing to say against an inferior sort of Money; a _Verna\nNummus_, provided there be a _Regina Pecunia_ too; and it is indeed a\ndishonouring him, whose Image and Superscription our Money bears, if we\nshall make use of our Money to cover over a Fraud; it is a respect we\nowe to the King, not to suffer his Impress upon any thing but what is\nreally Valuable; and it is for the Nation\u2019s Honour that the vilest of\nour Coin hath a real Value; but if the Wisdom of the _Parliament_ shou\u2019d\nthink otherwise, yet there is a vast Difference between having the\nunder-Money, and all the Money of the Nation of an Imaginary Value.\nThe Arguments that may be made use of against such an imaginary\nValuation of Money, are perhaps invincible, and almost innumerable; but\nwere there no other but this, I think it might be sufficient without any\nmore; considering our present Case.\nWe must have an Army in _Flanders_ or a War in _England_.\nI would I had nothing to do but to make out that.\nHow must we pay this Army? The Royal Bank of _England_, \u2019tis said, have\nestablished there a _Mint_ for Coining of Money to pay the Army; I\ndesire then to know if they will be contented to receive here an\nundervalued Money, and pay there our Army in Money which the _Flemmings_\nwill take; If they do, the Cap lies between the _Flemmings_ and them, I\nwo\u2019nt award till I know more.\nI rather think that the _Hollanders_ and _Flemmings_ will raise their\nMoney proportionably to what we raise ours, and then in all Respects we\nare just as we were, till we rise higher than they, and then they higher\nthan we; which will beget perpetual Wranglings and Wars in Trade.\nI thought now to have done with this Article, but can\u2019t omit one thing.\nWhich is that when you raise the Value of Money, you Naturally raise the\nValue of Silver, which is high enough already; and then indeed _England_\nwill become the Best Market for Silver, because all Countries will sell\nit to us and get sufficiently by the Bargain: they\u2019ll buy good\npeny-worths of our Commodities, giving us high Valued Silver for it,\ntill we have a glut of Silver and the Price of Silver falls and then I\nsuppose the Intrinsic Value of the Money falls too. Tho\u2019 I confess as\nbad Consequences may follow too great an Intrinsic Value.\nI speak nothing of the Confusions and Jealousie which will arise from\nhence, but there\u2019s a long Chain of ill Consequences, and therefore I\nhope it will be allow\u2019d as a Maxime.\n_That if our Silver Coin hath less than a_ real Value, _it will not\nanswer the Intentions of the Government_.\n                   _Of Exportation of Coin\u2019d Silver._\n\u2019Tis too well known, that when the Balance of Trade comes to be\nexamined, we fall short of several of our Neighbours very considerably:\nBy this Means the Exchange doth not only fall very low, but will become\naltogether insufficient for our present Occasions; so that as long as\nthe War continues, there is an absolute Necessity that we export so much\nSilver and Gold _in Specie_ as the Balance wants on our Side.\nBut this Exportation would not be at all prejudicial to us, if the\nImportation could be made equal to the Exportation, and a Balance in\nthis Particular only would do our Business.\nIn vain therefore we labour to find out a Way to force a National Trade\nabove what the State of _Europe_ in general, or our own Nation in\nparticular will allow; if that were not the Case, where would be the\nInconvenience of a War? This is an Evil never to be cured, but in Times\nof Peace. But our Comfort is, that even in these Times of War War the\nNation notwithstanding the balance of Trade, appears as wealthy as ever,\nexcepting only in the Article of Coyn, so that it is not only fruitless\nbut very needless to speak now of the balance of Trade either in\ngeneral, or upon any Article but that of Money: Besides if we should\nbegin at that end it would be a round about way, and so long in\ncompassing, that we may be at the last gasp before we attain our end. He\nwould be accounted no good Physician who in the case of an _H\u00e6morrhage_\nwhen the danger is very present should talk of Diet Drinks and\nAlteratives, whereas an actual and immediate application to the part\naffected, or a sudden revulsion is more to the purpose. But be the\nbalance of Trade in general how it will, \u2019tis impossible it should be\nsuddenly remedied, if at all during the War.\nBut if we can balance a little between that Article of Trade which\nrelates to the Importation of Bullion, it will be soon much better with\nus than it is at present, \u2019tis something if we can give present ease,\nand not increase the Danger; and more if we can lessen the Danger which\nthe want of ease seems to threaten.\nSuppose for instance then the whole Trade of _England_ to all parts of\nthe World to be carried on by two Merchants, one at _London_, and the\nother at _Amsterdam_, and the only Commodities to be Cloth and Silk.\nSuppose he at _London_ Exports every year 1000 _l._ worth of Broad Cloth\nand no more, and he at _Amsterdam_ Imports hither 1500 _l._ worth of\nSilk, that here\u2019s an inevitable necessity of the _Londiners_ Exporting\nevery Year 500 _l._ in Bullion can\u2019t be denyed, and if this continue\nyear by year it, will be, you\u2019ll say, of pernicious consequence to\n_England_, and it will be a wonderful hard matter at this time to help\nsuch a Case.\nBut if we can at present so order it, that instead of importing 1500\n_l._ worth of Silk we shall import 1000 _l._ worth of Silk, and 500 _l._\nworth of Silver we shall be no losers in the Article I am upon, and\nwhich is the only thing I have undertaken to look after, _viz._ That the\nNation shall never want Money be the Trade what it will: for if 500 _l._\nin Silver be Exported and as much Imported every Year, we can never have\na Peny worth of Bullion less than we have.\nAnd if other Nations must get by us, they had better get any thing than\nour Money; if what they get by us they must be forced to spend among us,\n\u2019twill lessen I hope the Calamity, as will appear more hereafter.\nNow this is not to be done by giving our Coyn a _Nominal_, _fictitious_\nor _extrinsick_ value only above its intrinsick: Foreigners are not such\nFools to be dealt with at that rate, as to pay you a Rex Dollar of 18\n_d._ weight 18 grains in _Amsterdam_ or _Brussels_, for a piece of Money\nof 15 penny weight in _London_.\n[Sidenote: Sir _Robert Cotton_\u2019s answer of the Committee. _September\nTurn the Tables, _and suppose the King of_ Spain _should advance his\nReal of Eight_ weighing but 17 Penny Weight 12 Grains _to double the\nvalue it now bears, and yet needing by reason of the barrenness of his\nCountry more of Foreign Wares than he can Countervail by Barter with his\nown; he must part with his Money and not gain by enhauncing his Coyn_.\nOne Real of Eight would not then buy of us as good a Yard of broad Cloth\nas two doth now, and why should we think to over reach them more than\nthey us.\nBut then again, suppose the Money to be Coyned shall be (as our Mill\u2019d\nMoney and diminished hammer\u2019d Money is) pretty near the Intrinsick value\nof the Silver in each piece, and this will doubtless facilitate\nExportation. If a Foreigner for instance bring to _London_ and sells 40\nBales of raw Silk, or 40 Tun of Wine, and meets not here with such a\nMarket for the buying of other Commodities to be Transported as he\nexpected, perhaps those he wants are not of our Growth or Manufacture,\nor it may be he is in hast, or the Season calls him home; how easie is\nit for him to sheer away, and go to another Market, having Money in his\nPocket passable every where, at the rate he took it, that inconsiderable\nallowance for Coynage only excepted!\nThis I think is plain, but as yet there is more in it than so; and\nsuppose it, any other Nations turn to want Silver as much as we now do,\nand Silver should be there at an higher price than with us, then our\nMoney becomes good Merchandice, and he gets most who carries most over:\nAnd the lower the value of our Coyn is the less Foreign Commodities we\nshall have for it.\nYou\u2019ll Prohibit you\u2019ll say the exporting of it, and so you have upon\npain of Death prohibited the Exportation of our Wooll, yet to the\ncomfort of our Grasiers \u2019tis still Exported, though it\u2019s very bulky\nWare. But Money lies in a small Compass, a Sea Captain knows very little\nof his chief business if he knows not where to stow a 1000 _l._\nundiscovered.\nAnd if after all we should be very severe in the execution of such\nprohibitory Laws, it would put such a damp to Foreign Trade as every\nbody is not aware of.\nAnd indeed if Money were not allowed to be a commodity, yet \u2019tis a\nPledge and Surety of every Traders Property, and I am not reconciled to\nthe Justice of that Law which forbids a man to take his Pledge along\nwith him.\nSuch a Law makes money nothing but a Commodity, and then we must pay\ndear for what we buy of Foreigners, for most men will sell Cheaper than\nthey will Barter.\nThis Article needs I think no more illustration, if it doth the\nMerchants can tell more of it than I, and I hope they will grant me this\nConclusion.\n_That if our_ English _Money will pass in any other Country for as much\nas it doth here, \u2019tis impracticable to hinder the Exportation of it_.\n  _Of melting down the current Coyn of_ England _by our Goldsmiths and\nAnother great grievance of the Nation in the matters of Coyn may be\nthought the melting of it down.\nThis hath been a vile and great practice for many Years.\nThe Criminals have been under two temptations:\n1. The inequality of the Mint in all the hammered money; some milled\nPieces were of more Intrinsick than Extrinsick Value, and some of less,\nso that in culling out of the bigest, they made an evident advantage.\nBut that sort of money being almost all gone and never like to be coyned\nagain, I shall altogether wave the consideration of it.\n2. The other Temptation is the great Intrinsick Value of our mill\u2019d\nmoney, most of which was coyn\u2019d when Silver was 5 _s._ 2 _d._ 5 _s._ 4\n_d._ or 5 _s._ 6 _d._ per ounce, and the price of Silver rising, a Crown\npiece has now the intrinsick value of 6 _s._ or thereabouts, this is a\nmighty temptation to melt it down.\n_Titius_ owes _Sempronius_ 10 _l._ and pays him in mill\u2019d money,\n_Sempronius_ owes a third man as much, but first melts it down and sells\nit to a Goldsmith for 12 _l._ and so puts 40 _s._ in his Pocket. This\nmight have been prevented you\u2019ll say before all the mill\u2019d money was\ngone; by crying down all other money, for if the Goldsmiths had given 12\n_l._ in mill\u2019d money for an Ingot melted out of ten Pounds, they must at\nlength have been ruined; and therefore the Crying down all other money\nmust have brought down the price of Silver necessarily, or none could\nhave been sold.\nIf 5 _s._ melted down would not have yielded a Crown Piece, who would\nhave melted \u2019em; and if they would have yielded more, the money of the\nNation how much soever must soon have vanished, for more could not have\nbeen coyn\u2019d, till the price of Silver should fall: But how could the\nprice of Silver have fallen so low in _England_, as not to be worth any\nmans while to melt down the milled money, if Silver should at the same\ntime of its melting bear an higher price in other Countries than it did\nhere at the time of its Coyning: So that the Coyning down of base money\nwould at any time have been so far from helping us, that it would have\nimmediately ruined us, it being impossible to Coyn more upon the old\nStandard, if the price of Silver is higher beyond Sea than it was when\nthat old Standard was Coyned: And \u2019twill be impossible for us to Coyn\nnew money after the old Standard (till we can bring down the Foreign\nPrice of Silver) so fast as it will be melted down.\nTo make this plain upon which so much depends, put the Case thus.\nSuppose you called in by compulsion and Coyned all the Plate of\n_England_, and suppose it never so many Millions, and all after the old\nStandard, when the Plate is all gone people will have more Plate, and\nSilversmiths must still have work, and Goldsmiths their Trade, unless by\nprohibiting the use of silver Plate we proclaim an hypocritical Beggary\nto all the world, and ruin many thousand Families of Artisans. The\nSilver then of which you coyn your new Plate must come from abroad, or\nbe procured out of your money.\nThe Goldsmith will go the cheaper way to work, and rather than he\u2019ll\ngive 5 _s._ 10 _d._ to a Merchant for an ounce of Plate, he\u2019ll fling in\na Crown and 6 _d._ into the melting Pot, and though the Laws against\nmelting down Coyn be never so severe yet people will venture any thing\nfor gain, as you may see Clippers do daily; especially if their\nConsciences don\u2019t check \u2019em, and few mens Consciences will scruple\nmaking the most of their own.\nAnd as the accurate Mr. _Lowndes_ observes, notwithstanding ever since\n_Ed. 3d_\u2019s. time prohibitory Laws have been against melting down Coyn,\n_pag._ 68. and the profit of melting it sometimes very inconsiderable,\n_pag._ 69. the practice hitherto was never prevented. But it may be said\nmoney shall be coyned of an intrinsick value or near thereabouts\n(Coynage only allowed) in proportion to the present value of Silver, be\nit more or less as it shall alter from time to time, and so the\nabatement for Coynage shall always keep the Estimate of the Coyn above\nthe Intrinsick value of the Silver, but instead of bringing remedy this\nwill make the Case tentimes worse, for then upon every rise of Silver\nthe Goldsmiths and others will melt down all that was Coyn\u2019d at a lower\nPrice, and if the form of the Coyn don\u2019t direct \u2019em to be dextrous, the\nPrentices shall follow the old Trade of weighing money Night and Day\ntoo.\nSo that without going farther upon this Topick, I may lay it down as a\nConclusion or Maxim.\n_That if the Intrinsick Value of Coyn be subject to alteration the Coyn\nis always in danger of being melted down._\n                  _Of Hoarding up of the Silver Coyn._\nPeople who have several uneasinesses upon \u2019em at one and the same time,\nare very apt to attribute \u2019em all to one, which is the most hated, the\nmost invidious, or at least the most visible cause, though in reality\nevery one may have sprung from a several and very different root.\nThus our present War with _France_ is to some few people odious, to many\ninvidious, and to all visible, and this therefore must be the cause of\nall National Calamities.\nWhereas many things are better with us now than if we had no War; a\nfrequency of Parliaments, an universal vigilance, a care of Shiping; a\nchoice of able Ministers, (and not unskilful Favorites in most places of\ngreatest Trust;) an intire Allyance with the most useful Neighbours; an\nhonest imployment for all dissolute Men; an honourable provision for\nyounger Sons of Gentlemen; a perfect understanding between the King and\nhis People; an almost total desistance from an unreasonable and\ndisadvantageous Commerce with _France_; a more brotherly Correspondence\nwith the Dissenters (being all equally engaged in the Publick danger).\nWe have great Honour by the Bravery of our Arms, and the most important\nassistance we give to all _Christendom_ against _French_ and _Turk_. Our\nKing is become the _Generalissimo_ of _Europe_, and his Fleet give Laws\nin all Seas.\nThese and many more to the better part of the Nation are the advantages\nof this necessary tho\u2019 expensive War.\nBut there are some that look upon it with an evil eye, and then the\nbadness of money, and the scarcity of it, and the Exporting and melting\ndown, and hoarding it, and the rise of Gold, and the dearness of\nCommodities, and the badness of Trade are all as evident effects of the\nWar as the Taxes are.\nThough in truth this is all Humour and Caprice, and none of it more\nridiculous than when the hoarding up of Money is imputed to the War,\nwhich is the meer effect of the dearness of Silver, as the dearness of\nSilver in _England_ is the natural effect of its dearness abroad, and\nits dearness abroad to the obstructions of Trade, which would be if only\n_France_ and _Spain_ were at War, since _Spain_ is the Silver Market of\nthe whole World.\nEver since the extraordinary abasement of Coyn by an unparalleled\nCounterfeit and Clipping, people have hoarded up Money apace, not\nknowing how far the debasement would run; and fearing if they put their\ngood Money out they should at the long run be forced to be paid back in\nthey know not what themselves.\nNor hath the beauty and rarity of uncorrupted and undiminished Coyn,\nadded a little to the humour of hoarding it up.\nUndefaced and weighty pieces are now as so many Medals, people think it\na great happiness to have a store of \u2019em. And as the Coyn degenerates\nthese are more charily preserved, and will be so till the intrinsick\nvalue of \u2019em diminishes. I could give a shrewd guess where this weighty\nMoney is to be found in great quantities, but be it where it will as I\nsaid before, I think every man hath a right do what he will with his\nown, so far as it is his own.\nAll that I at present aim at is to show.\n_That Coyn which hath an Intrinsick value above the Extrinsick, and is\nwithall rare or uncommon will inevitably be hoarded up, and continue so\nto be._\n                    _Of Regulating our Silver Coyn._\nTo give an exact Estimate of what Silver Coyn is necessary for the\ncarrying on our Trade in its full Vigor, is a task I am not at present\nwilling to undertake, but the least I can guess at is 5000000 _l._\nconsidering that great Sums will always remain in the Exchequer, and\nBanks; for I look upon the Banks not as Chanels only, but as great\nReceptacles likewise, wherein money must rest and wait for opportunities\nof disposing it.\nNone of Hypotheses depend upon definite or determinate Sums, and I shall\nbeg nothing essentially necessary to the carrying on of my design, but I\ndesire for the present working only of my _Proposition_, that a few\n_Postulata_ be a while granted me.\nIt matters not much whether any of \u2019em be true for they may easily be\nvaried _Mutatis Mutandis_.\n 1. _That the Current Silver Coyn of_ ENGLAND                      l. s.\n 2. _That there is not in England at present\n 3. _That there passes not publickly above_        3.000.000 _l._ Sterl.\n 4. _That the hoarded Silver Coyn is about_        1.000.000 _l._ Sterl.\n 5. _That the present Current Counterfeited Coyn\n 6. _That the present Current Silver Coyn not\n   counterfeited, but clipt filed or otherwise\n 7. _That the Current Silver Coyn in daily use,\n   not counterfeited but cliped or otherwise\n   diminished is not intrinsically above_          1.000.000 _l._ Sterl.\n  Now the _Axioms_ I shall build upon are chiefly these.\n_That a way to induce the Subject to a voluntary compliance with the\nnecessities of State, is preferable to any manner of Compulsion._\nAnd by this I intend to obviate two Projects, _viz._\n1. _That the Clipt Money be all called in without giving full\nsatisfaction to the Proprietors_; and this I take to be a piece of\nInjustice, because this Money was at first given out to us by the\nGovernment, as a sufficient pledge and unalterable Security of our\nProperties, and it was at first issued out of the Mint in such various\nand undesigned Shapes, in respect of the Peripherie or Circumference in\nwhich it hath been debased, and so various withall in the thickness and\nweight of each respective piece, that \u2019twas almost impossible for the\nSubject to distinguish the diminutions, which at first were so Curious,\nso Subtil, and small as was not to be easily suspected; and it hath been\nby gradual and sensible approaches that the present abasements are so\nconsiderable.\nBut this cannot be so well urged in behalf of Counterfeit Money, it is\nnot any thing we have received of the State, it never was given to us,\nas a Pledge and Security; and so never was Money properly so called, but\na False, and Counterfeit sort of Ware which every man Bartered for at\nhis own Peril, and to such _Caveat Emptor_ might properly have been\nsaid.\nBut if the wisdom of _Parliament_ things fit to make Compensation for\nall the Counterfeit Money, I have nothing to say against it: They are\nthe proper Judges.\nOr if they shall not think fit to give a full Compensation for the Clipt\nMoney, I have nothing to say, it would be great presumption in a private\nman to dictate.\nIn the method I shall tender, I shall make provision for a full\nCompensation for all the clipt and diminished money of the Royal\nStandard; at the small expence of 250.000 _l._ which is vastly less than\nI have heard yet proposed, I reckon three quarters of the money may be\npaid back in good Milled Coyn forthwith, as fast as it can be coyned.\nThe second Project I designed by the former Axiom to obviate is,\n_The compelling of people to supply a present exigence by bringing in\ntheir Plate into the Mint_:\nWhich would be an attempt I doubt of pernicious Consequence, and instead\nof that I have made a provision; whereby questionless as much Plate will\nbe crouded into the Mint with all the speed imaginable, as shall make up\nin tale the two millions of Pounds Sterling of clipt money which when\nmelted down produced but one; and then I presume the extraordinariness\nof the encouragement may, and ought to Cease.\n_That our coyn cannot be secured against Exportation, Melting down, and\nHoarding up, unless it have either a real, or_ extrinsick _value above\nthe_ intrinsick.\n_That a_ real _value to make up the want of_ intrinsick _given to Money,\nwill be more satisfactory to all His Majesties good Subjects than a\nmere_ extrinsick _value above the_ intrinsick.\n_That the_ real _value of Money ought to be more than the_ intrinsick,\n_and equal to the_ extrinsick.\n_That Money cannot have a_ real _value over and above the_ intrinsick,\n_unless that over and above value be settled by an unquestionable\nSecurity applicable to every particular persons Use_.\n_Now I humbly propose to the Consideration of better judgments the doing\nof these things._\n1. The speedy calling in all the clipt and diminished Money of the old\nStandard, and intirely satisfying every Proprietor, by paying them 75\n_l._ _per Cent._ back in Specie, and ascertaining to \u2019em the remainder\nby Parliament Security.\n2. The leaving as small an interstice of time as is possible between the\ncalling in the old Money and issuing out of New.\n3. That therefore vast Encouragement be given for the speedy bringing in\nthree or four Millions of ounces of Plate to the Mint, to answer the\npresent Necessities of the King and People.\n4. That the Exportation of Silver Money beyond the Permission of the\n_King_ and _Parliament_, be effectually hinder\u2019d.\n5. That a Provision be made as shall leave no Temptation for the melting\nthat down which shall be Coin\u2019d.\n6. Nor for hoarding it up.\n7. That the Importation of Silver from all parts be encouraged, and the\nCurrent Silver-Coin of _England_ encreased to Five millions of Pounds\nSterling.\n8. That the Standard, in respect of Allay, be kept to its old Purity.\n9. That the Denomination of the new Money be equal to the old.\n10. That every one of the aforesaid Articles be accomplish\u2019d at no more\nexpence to the Publick than Two hundred and fifty thousand Pounds at\npresent, and a Land-Tax of a Penny in the Pound during the War, or, at\nthe most, Two Pence in the Pound.\nFor the effecting all the aforesaid Articles,\n_Let a Competent Authority immediately Call in and Cry down all Clipt\nMoney under such a weight, supposing it to be all that Money which hath\nlost full half the original weight_.\nThis may conveniently and safely enough be done before any new Money be\ncoin\u2019d.\n_When this is new Coin\u2019d, let it be re-deliver\u2019d to the respective\nProprietors in proportion, by Tale, to what every one brought into the\nMint by Tale._\n_Then let all the rest of the Clipt Money be Called in by such a Day,\nand Cry\u2019d down._\n[Sidenote: Postulat. 6, 7.]\n_And supposing in all_ 2000000 l. _Sterling so melted down, and the\nProduct, after Melting, be half as much, or about_ 3500000 _Ounces of\nSilver, there may out of this be Coin\u2019d_ 1250000 l. _of New Money, of\nthe same extrinsick value it now hath, and of such an intrinsick value,\nas that a Crown Piece shall weigh (now that Silver is_ 6 s. 6 d. _an\nOunce, or_ 3 l. 18 s. _the Pound Troy) Twelve-penny weight, and about\nthree grains, and have in it the intrinsick value of_ 4 s. _So that the\nGovernment hath already saved Two hundred and fifty thousand Pound_.\nThen will it be known in how short time 1000000 _l._ can be Coined.\n_According to that time, supposing it (many Mints being set up at once)\nto be Two Months, let a Proclamation be issued out, encouraging the\nbringing in_ 4000000 _Ounces of Plate into the Mint, at Four respective\nDays or Weeks_.\n_For the first Million, till the end of the first fortnight, shall be\npaid_ 7 s. 4 d. per _Ounce, which amounts to_ 366666 l. 13 s. 4 d. _till\nthe end of the second fortnight, shall be paid_ 7 s. 2 d. _an ounce,\nwhich comes to_ 358333 l. 6 s. 8 d. _till the end of the third\nfortnight, shall be paid_ 7 s. _an ounce, amounting to_ 350000 l. _And\nfor the last Million_ 6 s. 10 d. _an ounce, amounting to_ 341666 l. 13\ns. 4 d. _in all_ 1416666 l. 13 s. 4 d. _So that for one ounce with\nanother, the Government has paid_ 7 s. 1 d. _an ounce_.\nIt may be thought, that a great deal of this may be saved, and perhaps\nSix-pence in an ounce, which amounts to One hundred thousand Pounds, and\nthat Six shillings and seven pence would be Temptation enough, when the\nPrice of Silver is like to Fall.\nBut I am now providing for the worst Contingences, and the severest\nSuppositions that may be.\nYet the Frugalest way, I presume, would be, to leave the Management of\nthis Article wholly to the _Lords_ of the _Treasury_, who, by publick\nnotice, may vary _pro re nat\u00e2_, the _Pr\u00e6mium_ for bringing in Plate, and\nperhaps may think it expedient nevertheless to begin high, and to abate\nthe _Pr\u00e6mium_ according to the quantity brought in; and after one or two\nAbatements, People may perhaps bring it in the faster, fearing a greater\nFall: Whereas if the _Lords_ of the _Treasury_ should begin low, and\nafterwards be forced to raise the _Pr\u00e6mium_ higher, Peoples Hopes of\ntheir still advancing of it more, would restrain \u2019em from making so much\nhaste as the necessities of State require.\n_We suppose then this Silver to be Coining every Day as fast as\npossible, and that the_ 250000 l. _saved by the Government out of the\nfirst Million, shall begin to pay for the Plate, as it comes in_.\n_Then three ounces of Silver at_ 6 s. 8 d. _an ounce, Coins_ 20 s. _of\nthe new Standard, allowing 2, 3, or 4 d._ per _ounce for Coinage; seeing\nthe setting up so many several Mints more than ordinary must be very\nchargeable_.\nAnd here must be noted, That let _Silver_ Rise or Fall as much as it\nwill, it Alters very little the process of the _Theorem_, for it need\nhave no other effects than making the _Money_ bigger or less, unless the\n3^d _Corolary_ following be admitted.\n_At this Rate then when 3500000 Ounces of this Plate is Coin\u2019d into\nMONEY it will produce after the aforesaid rate_ 1166666 l. 13 s. 4 d.\n_to which add the_ 250000 l. _paid before hand for it, and now there is\npaid in all for the 4000000 of Ounces of Plate_ 1416666 l. _what it\nCost; and the King hath 500000 Ounces of Plate by Him, which at_ 7 s. 1\nd. _an Ounce stands the Government in_ 177088 l. 6 s. 8 d.\n_But because it cost the King dear for his present Necessities, the_\nLords _of the_ Treasury _cannot allow more for it than it will produce\nwhen Coin\u2019d_.\nAnd if the necessities of State require that this Silver should be sent\nand Coin\u2019d in _Flanders_, that it may go farther there than it can here\nfor the immediate use of the Souldiers, then the Commissioners of the\nAccounts will probably account for it, according to its Value beyond\nSea; and then the Government shall still be a greater Loser by it; so\nthe _Lords_ of the _Treasury_ cannot allow for it more perhaps than\n150000 l. what ever it be more or less, the case will stand thus at the\nleast.\n_There is now of New Money Coin\u2019d_, 2416666 l. 13 s. 4 d. _and this\nlast_ 150000 l. _being advanced to the King for his present Necessities\nabroad, either to Coin in_ Flanders, _or to send over in Bills, will go\ntowards the payment of the Million of Clipt money. But if it be probable\nas Mr._ Lounds _seems to intimate, That People may Voluntarily bring in\na great deal of Plate at_ 6s. 6d. _an Ounce; then it is much more\nprobable, that they will be quicker in bringing it in at_ 6 s. 7 d. _an\nounce; and if so, the Government Saves out of my Proposals_ 6 d. _an\nOunce, which in_ 4000000 _Ounces comes to_ 100000 l. _And then there\nwill be_ 250000 l. _paid in recompence of the Clipt Money, and there is\nbut_ 750000 l. _Remaining_.\nOr put the case Shorter and Plainer, the Government wants 1000000 l.\nworth of Silver, and is willing to give 25 _per Cent._ more for it than\nthe common price.\nIf that vast Allowance be made for fear of a sudden and fatal stop to\nall manner of Trade for want of Money, yet the 250000 l. Saved out of\nthe Clipt Money, will make good the Bargain.\nAnd then Four parts in Five will Coin a Million of Money, and still\nthere will be another 250000 l. worth left towards the paying of the\nClipt Million, and but 750000 l. remains Unpaid.\nAnd upon this Easier supposition we will proceed; because it is likewise\ncheaper to the Nation than the Buying of full 4000000 ounces of Silver.\n_Then if the Parliament Orders \u2019em to be paid_ 250000 l. _more, which is\nall that the Nation is Burdened in the Bargain: The Proprietors of the\nClipt Money are Reimbursed_ 75 l. per Cent. _of what they Brought to the\nMint, which is more by_ 25 l. per Cent. _than the intrinsick value of it\nwas; and the other_ 25 l. per Cent. _is coming towards \u2019em apace. For\nnow the present Necessity and the Dangers of it are obviated, the price\nof Silver begins to Fall and Settle, as the prospect of a Plenty draws\nnearer_; tho\u2019 we can never suppose it will fall lower than in other\nCountries, or much lower at all, during the War between _France_ and\n_Spain_. _And be it at what price it will, the Merchant will from all\nParts bring his Silver to the_ Tower, _because the Market is here Quick\nand he is sure of Ready-Money for what he Sells; the King can afford now\nto Coin, which he could not do of late Years; And therefore a Third and\nFourth Million will be soon bought and Coined, and the government out of\nevery Million bought will save a Fourth part_.\n_For the New-Coin\u2019d Money must bear a proportion to the price of Silver,\nas four to five, and_ 800000 l. _worth of Silver is to be in_ 1000000 l.\n_of New Coin no more nor less, and out of the four Million-worth of\nSilver, besides the Million of Plate the King will have Saved a fifth\nMillion; by which gain\u2019d Millions, the Clipt Money will be entirely\nSatisfied for at no more than_ 250000 l. _present Cost to the\nGovernment_, q. e. d.\nFor the case will stand thus: There will be 5000000 _l._ of New Coin,\n_viz._ out of the Clipt Money 1250000 _l._ out of the Plate 1250000 _l._\n(or if the last 250000 _l._ be not Coin\u2019d, but Exported, then there will\nbe out of the Plate but 1000000 l.) and out of the last Two Million\nworth of _SILVER_ Coin\u2019d 2500000 l. So that there will be in the Nation\nat least Four Millions, Seven Hundred, and Fifty Thousand Pounds New\nMoney.\nThe King, after all this, buys 750000 Ounces of _Bullion_, and coins it,\nwithout Profit, into 250000 _l._ This makes up 5000000 _l._ compleat,\nand then the Royal Mints is to be at a stand (as at present) until the\nParliament shall have resolved what more is to be done; our present\nNecessities are supply\u2019d, and this, which we shall have, will not be\ndiminished.\nThese Five Millions now want a fifth part of the _Intrinsick Value_ of\nthe Coin; and unless a _Real Value_ be given it to make amends for the\nwant of the _Intrinsick_, and to Equal the _Extrinsick_, I have, after\nall, I confess, done nothing, according to my Fourth _Axiom_.\n_I humbly therefore Propose, That a Land-Tax may make it good, if it do\nnot exceed Two-pence in the Pound._\nBut after what manner it is to be made good, is the great Question.\nIf they, into whose Hands the newcoin\u2019d Silver shall first come, should\nbe allowed for the Intrinsick Want of it, then, in the paying it out\nagain they must transmit the Allowance the State gives; or else the\nFirst Receivers would be Savers, and the rest Losers: But if the State\nmust immediately give the Full Allowance, then it might as well have\nCoin\u2019d to the _full Intrinsick Value_. But the _Intrinsick Value_ is\nlessen\u2019d, and the _Real_ given, because the Government is better\nqualified at present to pay _Interest_ than _Principal_.\n_Therefore an_ Interest _is to be paid equivalent to the Extrinsick\nValue, and fully satisfactory for the Want of Intrinsick; that so the\nSubject may be no Loser, and the Government put to no Difficulties_.\nBeside, that Money would return to its Intrinsick Value, if a _Shilling_\nwere always to be tack\u2019d to a _Crown_ or _Four-Shilling_ Piece; which is\nOne of the chief things we are to avoid.\n_Let this Interest be_ 5 _per Cent._ and let it be look\u2019d upon as a\nsufficient Interest, as it better will appear to be, when I come to\nanswer the Objections, which may be made to this Method.\n_The Interest of a Million of Pounds Sterling, which is wanting to make\nup the Real Value of the New Coin at_ 5 per Cent. _amounts to Fifty\nthousand Pounds_ per Annum.\n_But, to Ease the Nation of half this Charge, let it be duly and\ncarefully considered,_\n_That if the present Possessor of an entire_ 100 l. _be entitled to this\nInterest, and not of a less Sum, every less Sum will have such a Value\nReal, as the Possessor of an entire_ 100 l. _can make of it, and will\nallow for it_.\n_And there will be no occasion for the Government to pay Interest for\nlesser Sums, because the valuation of lesser Sums will always bear that\nproportion which Merchants, Goldsmiths, and Bankers will receive \u2019em at,\nfrom the least Sum to the greatest._\nIf I pay in, for instance, to a Goldsmith Fifty pounds to day, and Fifty\npounds to morrow, he will no more scruple to give me a Note for One\nhundred pounds, than if I had paid it in at once: And, if I pay my\nBrewer Five pounds a week, as he brings in my Drink, for twenty weeks\ntogether, he will look upon it as good Pay as if I paid him at the\ntwenty weeks end One hundred pounds together; and if Five pounds will\npass from me as the _fifth part_ of an _Hundred_, why not, by the same\nRule of Proportion 20 Shillings for the _hundredth part_? That which\nhath the Value of Five pound _Lumbard-street_, hath the same in\n_Pater-Noster-Row_, and the same likewise at _Brentford_, or elsewhere:\nAnd there can be no Instance or Reason given, why Money of the like\nweight; Intrinsick and Extrinsick Value, should not be as passable in\nlittle Sums as in great, since there is an easie Resort, and at hand\nalways; in which, without any distinction, they daily determine.\nWhere an Hundred pound will be Received, there will Ninety nine, and\nNinety eight, and so downwards (for, where can you stop?) to the single\nPenny.\n_And of the Running Cash of_ England _we may reasonably suppose, that\none half is not in Sums exceeding Twenty Pounds, and they who have less\nSums than that, will have no great Encouragement to look after\nInterest_.\nThe Fifth Part which Twenty Pound wants of its Intrinsick Value, is but\nFour Pounds, and that, at 5 _per Cent._ is but Four Shillings a Year;\nfrom which the trouble of Receiving by entering into Combination with\nothers, will for the most part take off, and not make it worth the\nwhile.\n_So that the whole_ Money _of_ England, _that is New Coin\u2019d, not\namounting to above_ 5000000 _l. and but half that to be paid Interest\nfor_, viz. 2500000 l. _and there wanting but a Fifth Part of that_, viz.\n500000 l. _the Interest of_ 500000 l. _at_ 5 per Cent. _amounts to just_\n25000 l. per Annum.\n_But then, supposing that Interest be demanded for_ \u2157 _of the New-coin\u2019d\nMoney, and that by an unexpected Combination every Sum of Five Pounds\nshould be brought in, yet then the whole Interest amounts to no more\nthan_ 30000 _l._ per Annum.\nAnd the Case stands thus:\nThe Parliament hath Borrow\u2019d of the whole People of _England_ a Million\nof Pounds Sterling, and no more, to be repay\u2019d at the end of the War;\nand in the mean time, till it be repay\u2019d, they give Five Pounds _per\nCent._ Interest upon a Land-Tax.\nThus _the Clipp\u2019d Money is all Call\u2019d in, and Satisfied for; there hath\nbeen little time between Calling back of the Old, and Paying back the\nNew, by bringing in_ 1000000 _l. worth of Plate speedily and voluntarily\ninto the_ Mint, _an effectual Stop is put to the Exportation, melting\ndown, and hoarding up of Coin\u2019d Money; Importation of Silver from all\nParts Encourag\u2019d, the Current Coin of_ _ENGLAND_ _Encreas\u2019d; the Purity\nand Denomination of the Coin Continued; and all at the present Expence\nof Two hundred and fifty thousand Pounds, and a Yearly Land-Tax of One\nPenny in the Pound during the War_, q. e. d.\nThe only Difficulty that remains, is, After what manner the Interest\nshall be paid.\nBut, if there is no more than _Difficulty_ in it, I desire it may be\nConsider\u2019d, What Great Difficulties the People of __ENGLAND__ at present\nundergo, in the Want of such a Regulation: What Difficulties are in\nevery Market-Shop, and House of Trade; and what Great Disorders are\nDaily like to ensue: Let Bankers, Goldsmiths, Merchants, and\nCash-keepers, consider the Difficulties they lye under at present, and\nthe much greater Disadvantages they must be subject to, if the Coin of\n_England_ should not have a _Real_ Value.\nBut, to make the Difficulty seem much less than may at First be\nimagin\u2019d, I humbly propose this following Method.\n_Let the Days of its Payment be fix\u2019d by_ _PARLIAMENT_, _either\nQuarterly, Annually, or Triennially. If the Establish\u2019d Interest be Five\nPounds_ per Cent. _then, perhaps, Annually will be thought most\nexpedient, in some Month when the Days are long. If the Wisdom of_\nParliament _shall think fit to give more Interest than Five Pounds_ per\nCent. _then there is Visible Reason, why it should be Quarterly. If less\nthan Five Pounds_ per Cent. _a Triennial Payment may suffice_. But\nsuppose it Yearly.\n_Let Three hundred Commissioners be named by_ Parliament, _One hundred\nof which for_ London, Westminster, _and_ Southwark, _the Two hundred for\nthe Country, to be not above Twenty Miles distant from one another, so\nthat no body can live farther off than Ten Miles from one Commissioner\nor other_.\n_Let these Commissioners be the most Substantial Gentlemen or Citizens\nin the most Popular Towns and Cities in_ England, _giving in sufficient\nSecurity to the Government for Performance of Their Trust_.\n_At the Day appointed let the Money be brought to the Commissioners\nHouses in Hundred-pound Baggs, and there open\u2019d and weigh\u2019d, and then\nseal\u2019d up with the Proprietor\u2019s Seal, in the presence of the said\nCommissioner, Entering down in a Register every man\u2019s Name in one\nColumn, the Weight of the Money in another Column, and the Interest it\namounts to in a third._\n_Let none be Receiv\u2019d after Twelve of the Clock at Noon, and none\nRe-delivered till One of the Clock, to prevent Frauds in bringing the\nsame Money twice for the same Interest._\n_Then, in the Afternoon, let every man\u2019s proper and individual_ Money,\n_Seal\u2019d up as aforesaid, and Weighed again in the sight of the\nProprietor, be deliver\u2019d, with the_ Interest _due for it_.\n_For which One Days Trouble in a Year, I do suppose, the Government may\nallow the Commissioners Twenty Pound a man; which amounting to Six\nthousand Pounds_ per Annum, _for all the Commissioners of_ _ENGLAND_,\n_and suppose Three of the Five millions, whereas I supposed at first_\n2500000 _l. only to demand Interest, it will amount to but Thirty\nthousand Pounds_ per Annum, _and this Six thousand Pounds_ per Annum\n_for the Commissioners added, makes but Six and thirty thousand Pounds_\nper Annum.\n_Now, whereas a Land-Tax of Four Shillings in the Pound amounts to_\n2000000 _l. a Tax of a Penny in the Pound amounts to_ 41666 _l._ 13 _s._\n4 _d. so that_ 5666 _l._ 13 _s._ 4 _d._ per Annum _Remains_.\n_Allow the Commissioners then Thirty Pounds apiece, and there remains_\n2666 _l._ 13 _s._ 4 _d. for a Superintendant, Auditors, Registers,\nRegister-Books, and other incident Charges; and the whole matter is\nbrought within a Tax of a Penny in the Pound_, q. e. d.\nNow, as to the Hoarded Money, the Mill\u2019d and Hammered Money of Full\nWeight, I humbly am of the Opinion, That no Notice at all be taken of it\nby the Government; and my Reasons are: That it will have an uncertain\nValue, according to Peoples Opinion; and, that Uncertainty of\nEstimation, as well as the Intrinsick Value, will cause it, without any\nEdict or Precept, to be melted down.\nFor, a great deal of it is now kept up, only to see what things will\ncome to; and what Advantage can be made of it: But when People see the\nParliament has Conquer\u2019d the Difficulty, and that there is a great\nPlenty of Money stirring about again, they will be baulk\u2019d of their\nExpectations, and take Advantage of the First of the Market; this will\nconduce to the Cheapness of Bullion, and cause a Plenty: And if any\ncontinue still hoarded, it will be by People only who have an\nirremediable Humour that way; and \u2019tis better they should hoard that for\nwhich the Government pays no Interest, than to keep Unemploy\u2019d Money by\n\u2019em at the expence of the Publick.\nAnd as to the Paying of our Armies Abroad, I humbly propose, That the\n_Parliament_ may always give His Majesty such an Allowance for that Use,\nas His Majesty may be enabled to Export so much Uncoin\u2019d Silver as is\nnecessary to the carrying on of so Glorious a War.\nWhich Uncoin\u2019d Silver will for the most part find its way back again,\nbecause the carrying over so much every Year will glut that place to\nwhich \u2019tis carryed; so that Silver will become Cheap there, and they\nmust disgorge at the best Market; which _England_, in all probability,\nwill be. And the effect of that Over-ballance which Forreigners must, as\ncases now stand, get by us; cannot be carryed out of the Nation, but in\nother Commodities besides Silver.\nFor Silver Uncoin\u2019d they Sell, and Silver Coin\u2019d they cannot afford to\ncarry away; So that our own Commodities are like to be bartered for\nSilver, and that conduces to bring the ballance of Trade even.\nAnd here I go no farther, but leave the Question to better\nUnderstandings.\nQuest. _Whether Silver bearing an higher Price here than elsewhere, and\ncoming to a Quicker Market, will not naturally and easily force an\nExportation of our own Commodities, when it shall become altogether\nimpracticable to Export our Coin?_\n=Note=, That the Price of Silver Bullion being subject to Vary, the\ndifference between the _Intrinsick_, and the _Real_ Value, ought to be\nConsiderable; Because, if they should be too near one another, the\nAdditional Value would be so Small, that when Silver Rises, the\nGoldsmiths would be Tempted to Melt down the New Coin, when they can get\nalmost as Much by that Practice, as they can do by receiving Interest,\nor by passing it away for Principal.\nNor must the Two several Values be too far Different one from the other,\nlest Foreigners be Tempted to Counterfeit our Coin.\nI don\u2019t mean by sending Us over such a Counterfeit as shall be of Less\nintrinsick Value than our Own; but they can Afford all the Charge of\nCurious Coinage, and Pure Silver, and Full Weight, and Hazard of\nImporting it contrary to all Laws that We can Make; If any more\nconsiderable Sum, than Twenty _per Cent._ could be Gain\u2019d by such\nImportation: But no body can afford all the Charge and Hazard, if the\nProfit be no Greater, and the Punishment Capital.\nNevertheless, provision may be Made, that all _Counterfeit Money_ shall\nbe Confiscated by a Summary Process, to be Tryed by a Jury of\n_Moneyers_, for every Sum above _Five Pounds_; and for Less Sums, able\nand substantial _Goldsmiths_ shall be Commissioned and Authorised to end\nDisputes, Cutting it Asunder before the Owners Face; and Charging\nthemselves in a Book kept for that purpose, as Debters to the King for\nthe same individual pieces, which at the General Quarter Sessions they\nshall deliver for the _KING_\u2019s Use.\nSome such Method as This, would make people more Cautious in taking\nCounterfeit Money; whereas now they Take what they themselves Know to be\nso, which hath given great Encouragement to Counterfeiters.\nAnd if I may be Well Heard, I don\u2019t at all Question, but to shew a Way;\nhow all Counterfeit Money may be easily Known; let it be Wash\u2019d, Plated;\nof mixt Metal, or pure Silver; Which is the next piece of Service of\nthis Nature, that I designe my Country, _GOD_ continuing my Life and\nHealth.\nI humbly Propound to the Disquisition of Better Judgments; Whether the\nNew Coin ought not alwayes to be of the same continued Weight,\nnotwithstanding any Variations in the Price of Bullion; and that not the\nWeight of Coin, but the Aforementioned Interest be Varied from Year to\nYear according to the Price of Bullion.\nThe Advantages and Conveniences of what I have Proposed, is, I hope, by\nthis time, somewhat Evident; but before I Reckon \u2019em up, it may perhaps\nbe Expected that I should Faithfully and Candidly let down all those\n_Objections_ which have Occurr\u2019d to me whilst I have been Writing these\nPapers.\nThe most Material I will: And they are These.\n  _Now, if it be Objected, that Five Pounds_ per Cent. _for want of_\n    Silver, _in an Hundred Pound is too little, seeing an Hundred\n    Pound Bagg-full is entitled to no more than Twenty Shillings a\n    Year_:\n      I Answer,\nThat if a Man be contented to put in his Money into any of the New\nBanks, at 3 _l. per Cent._ \u2019tis better worth to lend it at 5 _per Cent.\nper Annum_, upon as good Security.\nIf it be reply\u2019d, That a Man may take it out of a Bank when he will, and\nhis Money is always at Command: I answer, It is much more so when he has\nit in his own Custody; For, he who shall have Four hundred Crown-pieces\nby him, can make as much use of it to all Intents and Purposes, but of\nMelting or Exporting, as if it were of an Intrinsick Value; and then\nsure he who having Four hundred Pieces of Money by him of a Real Worth,\nand applicable to any Lawful Use, can make Twenty Shillings a Year\nAdvantage by Keeping \u2019em; hath much the better of him who hath Four\nhundred Pieces of other Money by him, of no more _Real_ Value, nor more\ntransferable, and hath no Profit by \u2019em, whilst they are in his Hands.\nAnd whereas it may be said, _No Man can be entitled to the Interest of\nthat_ 20 l. _due to him from the Government, unless he keeps_ 80 _more\ndead by him, as a Vehicle to convey the Interest of the_ 20 l. _to him_.\nI answer the Government doth not intend to give Encouragement that Men\nshould keep more Money by \u2019em than they have, or may have Occasion for.\nThat is a sort of hoarding which we are to prevent.\nAnd therefore this 5 _l. per Cent._ is not given as an Interest for dead\nand unemploy\u2019d Money, but to ascertain universally the real Value of it,\nand to take off all the Objections that are made against a mere\nextrinsick Value.\nBut if the Wisdom of the _Parliament_ thinks fit to give 10 _l. per\nCent._ Interest, whereby every 100 _l._ of new Coin\u2019d Money will be\nentitled to 40 _s. per Annum_ Interest; then the whole Interest of\nintrinsick Value, amounts at 10 _l. per Cent._ but to 50000 _l. per\nAnnum_.\nOr suppose by Combination \u2157 of the 5000000 _l._ demand Interest, then\nwill the whole Interest amount to but 60000 _l. per Annum_, which with\nall the incident Charges, will be defrayed for little more than a\nThree-half-penny in the Pound Land-Tax; and for much less than 2 _d._ in\nthe Pound.\nAnd I am not at all against an Interest of 10 _l. per Cent._ because\nbeside the present Advantage it gives, it doth ascertain to the People\nof _England_, not only a Promise that the _Parliament_ will; but that\nthere is a reason of good Husbandry likewise, why the Parliament should\nas soon as possible save the Nation that Annual Charge, by the paying of\nthe principal Million that is wanting.\n  _These Ends may as well be pursued by transferable Notes or Bills\n    with Interest._\nI answer that they cannot in the least, because here is 4 _l._ in 5 _l._\nbetter secur\u2019d than any Notes in the World can pretend to: for every Man\nhath so much of his Money in his Pocket; and that, for which the\nSecurity is given, is divisible into the _5th._ part of a Six-pence,\nwhich transferable Bills cannot be.\n  _That if this Method will hold, the intrinsick Value of Money may be\n    but half as little as I propose, and the Subject will be always in\n    fear of farther Alterations._\n_Answ._ This I confess would be a very material Objection against Mr.\n_Lound_\u2019s Method, but hath no force in ours, because the Government\nsaves nothing by lessening the intrinsick Value; for what it saves at\npresent, it must pay Interest for, and Principal too at the long run;\nbesides, the Government aims at nothing but to rectifie the Coin, and\nkeep it from being imbezil\u2019d.\n  _The Money of_ England _will be too much for_ 300 _Men to receive in\n    one Day_.\n_Answ._ It is but 10000 _l._ a Man one with another; _i. e._ but 100\nhundred Pound-bags, which may very well be weighed and seal\u2019d up, and\nentered in a Book in 5 hours time; _viz._ 20 in an hour; and as for the\ngreat Banks and Cashes of _England_, such as the _Royal Bank_,\n_East-India Company_, and the like, they need not remove their Money at\nall; but Commissioners may be sworn and sent to their respective\nTreasuries, taking sufficient Security of the said Treasurers and\nCashiers, that none of the said Money shall be remov\u2019d or touch\u2019d in 24\nhours.\n_It will be a great Trouble to carry_ 100 l. 10 _Miles for_ 20 _s._\n_Answ._ It may not be 100 Men\u2019s Case in all the Nation, and no Man is\nforc\u2019d to carry it; and he who don\u2019t carry it, hath lost nothing but\nwhat he might have gained.\nFor this is all clear Gains to every Man, who as soon as he has received\nhis 20 _s._ can keep the 20 _s._ and pay a Debt with the 100 _l._\n  _The want of a less Intrinsick Value, than_ 20 _l._ per Cent. _will\n    answer all the aforesaid Ends_.\n_Answ._ Less will not secure it against Exportation.\nForeigners have a knack at raising the price of Silver to draw over our\nMoney to \u2019em; and I hear they can afford what they now daily do, _viz._\nTo Export, rather than fail, Clipt Money; and the only way to keep our\nMoney at Home, _Is to fix, during the War, one considerable part of its\nValue to the Kingdom_; and when those Foreigners who must deal with us,\ncannot Export our Money, but with great disadvantage, they will be\nforced to take our Commodities in lieu of it, and be as industrious to\nmake \u2019em valuable abroad as we are. And as to that Notion that we must\nnot glut the Markets abroad with our Commodities, it is a Vulgar Errour\nunless we make this distinction, That \u2019tis dangerous when our _English_\nFactories glut the Market; for when Foreigners see the Market full, they\ncombine together to keep down the Price, knowing that we must Sell; but\nthen Foreigners who are better acquainted with their own Markets and\nFairs than we are, and can spread a Trade much farther than our\nFactories can do, when they Export our Commodities and cannot Trade at\nall with us without exporting \u2019em; they can shift from one place to\nanother, and open secret Passages of Commerce, not yet found out.\nIf the _Portugueses_ for instance could not have Money for their Wine,\nwould they (I desire to know) rather leave of Trading with us, than take\nour Cloth for their Wine. Or if heretofore we had drank no _French_\nWine, but what we had paid for in Tin, would they have found a Vent for\nour Tin, or ploughed up their own Vineyards?\n  _This will be forcing Foreigners then, to Export our Commodities._\n_Answ._ Not at all: For if the Ballance of Trade shall continue after\nall, to our disadvantage, here\u2019s nothing in all this matter that hinders\nour exporting Bullion.\nBut if \u2019tis absolutely necessary to export Bullion to make good the\nBallance of Trade, then we should take the more care, not to export more\nthan is absolutely necessary; and whilst we carry on our Trade abroad,\nnot to let this at home be at a stand, but secure Money enough for the\nNations In-land Trade, and to pay the Taxes without pretence of\nimpossibility.\n  _Five Millions will not be half enough for our In-land Trade._\n_Answ._ And I am clearly of that Opinion; and that Ten Millions is\nlittle enough, or else what need had there been, to have Coin\u2019d Fifteen\nMillions in three Reigns, as the most industrious Mr. _Lounds_ hath\ndelivered to us?\nBut we are providing for a present necessity and not abundance.\nAnd yet should we Coin five Millions more, in all Ten Millions; less\nthan 2 _d._ in the Pound Land-Tax, would pay Interest for all, and the\nMillion gained out of it would save 2 _s._ in the Pound that Year, which\nis making a very good Bargain for the Government.\nBut you may vary the _Postulata_, as I said before, how you please.\n  _The new Coined Money will appear very small to the Eye._\n_Answ._ Go which way you will, it must be smaller than it was, or of\ngreater value, because Bullion is dearer than when the Mill\u2019d Money was\nCoin\u2019d, and if the new Coin\u2019d Money were to have an Intrinsick Value, it\nmust necessarily be \u2155 less than it now is, and according to these\nProposals it will be but about \u2153.\nSupposing Silver at this extraordinary Price, I don\u2019t see how it can\npossibly be larger than as 8 to 10, and this Proposition is as 8 to 12.\n[Sidenote: _Cotton Post._ p. 294.]\n  The Mint is the Pulse of the Common-Wealth, _and this would discover\n    us to be in a weak Condition_.\n_Answ._ It will discover us doubtless, to be in a borrowing Condition\nupon good Interest and Security; but that\u2019s the worst of it; whereas if\nthe Mint should only give us an imaginary Valuation, then we are\ndiscovered to be in an imaginary Habit of Wealth.\n _Advantages and Conveniencies most of which may be expected from this\n1. The Subject will be assured by the giving intire Satisfaction for\nClipt Money, that the Coin of _England_ Minted by Authority, is an\ninviolable and an unalterable Property which the _Parliament_ will for\never maintain, even in the worst of times; the Consideration of which,\nwill give the real and additional Value of the new Coin\u2019d Money, a\nCredit throughout the World. And People will be the better able to pay\nTaxes if they are at no loss by their Clipt Money.\n2. The Denomination of the Silver Coin will not hereby be raised above\nthe real value.\n3. The Trade and Circulation of Bullion in and out of the Kingdom, will\nnot be at all hinder\u2019d, so that as much Silver and Gold may be yearly\ntransported into _Flanders_, as the occasions of the War require,\nwithout loss of Coinage; and Money which is the Vital warmth of In-land\nTrade, by which People are enabled to pay Taxes, always preserved among\nus.\n4. The frequent Rises and Falls of Money beyond Sea, will be no longer\nan effectual trick to cheat us, as it hath hitherto been.\n5. If it should after all be exported, it will be 20 _l. per Cent._ more\nto the Exporters loss, than if it had a full Intrinsick Value.\n6. That 20 _l. per Cent._ which the Exporters lose, will be gain\u2019d by\nthe Government; because for what is exported, no Interest will be paid,\nnor no Principal at the end of the War.\n7. The Coin\u2019d Silver of the whole Nation, may in times of Peace be\nreduced to the old Standard, and Intrinsick Value, without recoining or\naltering the Species.\n8. Those who hide and hoard up their Money, to defeat the Intents of a\n_Tax_ upon it, will be disappointed of their Ends, and become greater\nLosers than by producing it; whereby Money may be affected by _Taxes_,\nwhich now cannot so easily be done.\n9. All the Benefits and Advantages which can be proposed by a raising of\nthe extrinsick and denominated Value of Money, will be hereby secured,\nand all the Inconveniencies of that Method obviated.\n10. All the Advantages which can be proposed to the Publick by Coining\nafter the old Standard, will hereby be effected, at a very\ninconsiderable present Expence, and no more than one Million at the end\nof the War.\n11. Guineas will hereby fall in their Estimation, by an easie, natural,\nand gradual Abatement.\n12. The Plenty of Money will be much greater, the Intrinsick Value more,\nand the Certainty of what a Man takes clearer than is at present.\n  _And the real Value of our Coin, as great as ever, to all Intents\n    and Purposes, but of Exporting, Melting-down, and Hiding._\n 1. CONTENTS added by transcriber\n 2. Changed \u201cSilver Risen more then Gold\u201d to \u201cSilver Risen more than\n 3. Changed \u201cCoyning: So that the Crying down of base money\u201d to\n      \u201cCoyning: So that the Coyning down of base money\u201d on p. 58.\n 4. Changed \u201cwhich a first\u201d to \u201cwhich at first\u201d on p. 73.\n 5. Silently corrected typographical errors.\n 6. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.\n 7. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.\n 8. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.\n 9. Superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscript\n      character or a series of superscripted characters enclosed in\n      curly braces, e.g. M^r. or M^{ister}.\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Regulating Silver Coin, Made\nPracticable and Easie, to the Go, by Samuel Pratt\n*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE REGULATING SILVER COIN ***\n***** This file should be named 57020-0.txt or 57020-0.zip *****\nThis and all associated files of various formats will be found in:\nProduced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed\nproduced from images generously made available by The\nInternet Archive)\nUpdated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will\nbe renamed.\nCreating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright\nlaw means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,\nso the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United\nStates without permission and without paying copyright\nroyalties. 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{"content": "MUSEI PETIVERIANI Centuria Prima, Containing Rarer Naturalia: Animals, Fossils, Plants, Collected from Various Regions of the World, Ordered, and Labeled with Proper Names. By JACOB PETIVER, Pharmacop. of London and Royal Society Member.\n\nThe first praise is of human wisdom, which can discern things that are very similar. - Aristotle.\n\nLondon: From the Press of S. Smith & B. Walford, for the Royal Society, at the Princes' Sign in Paul's Coemeterio. MDXCV.\n\nI have collected and arranged these fragments of natural history in a brief method, neglecting the vain and windy commentary. I have gathered together, with my own labor and the help of friends, animals, fossils, and plants, both domestic and foreign, and I here present them to you as specimens of my industry and goodwill towards the public. I promise you more, perhaps even more valuable things, with the help of divine providence and the encouragement of others.Tui causas consul omnes, ne Te in Tenebras novosque ostentandi gratia traherem, aut aliena pro meis furtum venit, commune scriptoribus vitium, & Reipublicae Literariae Pestis. Contuli omnia summa quam potui cura, & studio, & quasi in Fasciculo Cimelia vera offero.\n\nSi quid novisti rectius istis, Candidus imperti, si non, his utere mecum.\n\nHorat.\n\nA. 1. Papilio Sulphureus (nobis). The Brimstone Butterfly. I have often seen this among the first in the Spring. (fig. 103, id. A. 971, diurnus medius, ex pamer. 198, Johnst. Ins. p. 42, No 1, Tab. 5 & 6, Hoef. Tab. 12 fig. 8)\n\nA. 2. Papilio Sulphureus pallidus. The pale Brimstone Butterfly. I caught this in copulation with No 1 towards the end of April 1695.\n\nA. 3. Papilio Leucomelanus. Our half Mourner. I have observed this only in a wood near Hampstead, about June and July.\n\nA. 4. Phalaena hortensis alba, maculis plurimis nigris. The white Cabbage Moth with numerous black spots. (No 10, p. 96, fig. id. A. 965, Goed. vol. 1, Tab. 31, p. 101)The Black-spotted Garden-Moth (Phalaena hortensis cinerea, with fuscous spots). Found in most gardens around midsummer, sheltering under currants and gooseberry bushes. (Goedecker, vol. 1, Tab. 6, p. 39)\n\nThe Common Grey Garden-Moth with brown Spots (Phalaena hortensis, with brown spots). Common in gardens, found in the daytime under the eaves of palisades, &c. (Goedecker, vol. 1, Tab. 25, p. 51)\n\nPerla minima (also known as Chrysopa merda). Musca Chrysopis fig. 62, id A. 937, Mus. R. S. 156. Goedecker, vol. 2, Tab. 14, p. [List. No 104] Camerarius's golden-eyed Lake-Fly. Observed in gardens and woods, flying around trees in May, June, &c. They emit a strong smell when crushed, similar to human excrement. (Goedecker, vol. 2, Tab. 14, p. [List. No 104])\n\nThe Fine-spotted Gooseberry-Caterpillar (Eucaenis pulchra variegata, feeding on gooseberries). (Goedecker, vol. 1, Tab. 31, p. 101) [List. No 9]\n\n[Goedecker, vol. 1, Tab. 29, p. 59]A. 8. Aurelia grossulariata, the obscurely fusca with luminescent circles, Goedeatus v. 1. Tab. 31. p. 101. List. No 9. Graf v. 1. Tab. 29. p. 59. The yellow-ringed gooseberry coccinellid. This resembles the body of a wasp. I found it on June 10, 1694, in a garden under the eaves of pales, supported by a little cobweb; and about two weeks later, the spotted moth at No 4 emerged from it.\n\nA. 9. Scarabaeus pediculosus. List. append. Tab. 6. fig. 11. Melanocyanaeus. Mof 160. fig. id. A. 1013. Pilularis Melanocyanaeus. Mer 201. The black and blue beetle. Mus. R.S. 169. The louse beetle. These are commonly seen flying about in August, September, and so on: The males have a coppery luster, and the females are green; as Mr. Charles DuBois, a very curious observer, and my highly esteemed friend, informs me.\n\nA. 10. Scarabaeus minor aeruginosus. Our small weasel-headed verdigreese beetle.These I have found in copulation at the end of May on Common large stinging Nettle (Urtica major).\n\nA. 11. Scarabaeus minor viridis: Our small green Beetle. They copulate around Midsummer and are found on Common Dock (Lapathum sylvatica).\n\nA. 12. Cochlea alba major with its terrestrial operculum (Mer. 207, Dal. 547, cinerea maxima edulis): The great edible lidded Snail. Its thick operculum resembles gypsum and it hides beneath it during winter. List. A. 111. fig. 1. & Act. Phyl. No 105. fig. 1. cinerea rufescens fasciata leviter umbilicata: The large, brown and banded edible snail. List. H. C. l. 1. No 46.\n\nA. 13. Cochlea hortensis: The common Garden-Snail. It is dark brown and banded (List. A. 113. fig. 2, Sib. 34, Act. Phil. No 105. fig. 5). Our horticultural variety is also dark brown and banded (hort. nostra fusca maculata & fasciata, List. H. C. l. 1. No 47). The common Garden-Snail is found in woods, hedges, but also in most gardens.A. Cochlea vulgara: The testa (shell) is variegated, citrina or leucophaea, sometimes unicolor, and can have one, two, three, or four bands of five distinct bands of pigment. List. A. 116. fig. 3. Cochlea & colore & fasciis (bands) vary greatly. Act. Phil. No 105. fig. 3. Sometimes unicolor, sometimes variegated, and sometimes depicted with various bands. List. H. C. l. 1. This is the most common English snail. They are plentifully found in most hedges and woods throughout England.\n\nA. Cochlea maculata: Unica (single) fascia (band) pulla (dark), angustior (narrower) per medium (throughout) anfractus (twists and turns) insignita (marked). List. A. 119. fig. 4. Sub-flava (yellowish) maculata (spotted) and unica (single) fascia (band) Castanei (chestnut) coloris (color) per medium (throughout) anfractus (twists and turns) insignita (marked). Act. Phil. No 105. fig. 4. Maculata (spotted) unica (single) fascia (band) fusca (dark) per medium (throughout) orbem (circle) insignita (marked). List. H. C. l. 1. No 53. Dr. Lister's marbled Meadow-Snail. Found in shady hedges, moist meadows, and amongst rushes.\n\nA. Cochlea terrestris: turbinata (top whorl expanded) & striata (striped). Col. P. p. 18. List.H. C. l. 1. No. 25. cinerea or occasionally rufescens, striated, with a testaceo cochleato operculum. List. A. 119. & Act. Phil. No 105. fig. 2. Striated Lid-shell. I found these plentifully on June 11, 1693, on the bank of a shady green pit in a Wood near Charlton, at the point of the Lane.\n\nA. 17. Concha veneris exigua alba striata. List. A. 168. fig. 17. Mus. R. S. 138. exigua striata, slightly reddish, with integral maculae rufescentes on the summit. List. H. C. l. 4. Sect. 9. No 57. These are found plentifully near Hartlepool in the County of Durham, where they are called Nunns.\n\n18. Concha Veneris Americana striata, dorsum sinuatum. striata, with sinuate dorsum, fuscae maculae. List. H. C. l. 4. Sect. 9. No 56. American-Nunns. Found on the Sea-Coasts of Barbadoes, Jamaica, &c.\n\n19. Concha Veneris Africana or Moneta Nigritarum. lata, ponderosa, aliquibus nodis inaequalis, mode alba, mode citrina. List. H. C. l. 4. Sect. 9. No 59. Bon. 143. No 233. fig. C. V. 4. Round part. alt. p. 103. c. 37. fig. id.Gal. p. 68, c. 31. Figs. Aldr. Exang. 553, 558. No. 10 and others. Described p. 556. Id. Pr. p. 181. Tab. 17. Described p. 183. Guinea Gowries. These are gathered along the Sea-Coast of Lovando, an I Congo, where they are called Simbi pand goe in those Parts as Money.\n\nAsteria, Plot. Ox. p. 85, N. 16. Tab. 2. Figs. 2, 3. A. Shugburiensis (noble star or Sphragis aster). Gesner, Lap. 37. Fig. The Shugborough Star-Stone. Sternstein Germanic. This is found in many places in England, but particularly at Shugborough in Warwickshire.\n\n21. Aconcroba (Guineensibus dicta, Arbor Africana Laurinis foliis). A Guinny Tree called Aconcroba. This the Reverend Mr. John Smith sent me from Cabo Corso (vulgarly called Cape-Coast) in Guinea. Boiled in Wine and drunk is good in the Small-Pox.\n\n22. Adiantum aureum (minus foliis rigidis capitulis coronatis). Our small Heath Goldilocks. I find this on Mole-hills and Hillocks on Heathy-grounds.\n\n23. Adiantum aureum (medium in Ericetis proveniens).A. 24. Adiantum aureum, stalkless, with narrow pileus. Observed by Dr. Sherard in Ireland and found on trees and moist walls.\nA. 25. Adiantum aureum, minimum, with short pediculus, capillaceous foliage. Found by Mr. Glover on the Hawthorn.\nOfficinalis A. 26. Adiantum aureum, larger, common. Also known as Daltonia aurea, Muscus capillaris, and Polytrichum aureum. Figured in various works including Gerard's \"Herball\" and Parkinson's \"Theatrum Botanicum.\"\nOfficinalis A. 27. Adiantum nigrum, Daltonia 129, common black Adiantum. Figured in various works including Parkinson's \"Theatrum Botanicum\" and J.B.'s \"Plantarum.\"C.B. 355. Onopteris mas. Ger. fig. 975. id. em. fig. 1137. Raii - Common black Maidenhair. Found on old walls, and at the roots of trees in shady hedges and woods.\n\n28. Adiantum nigrum speciosum Canariense - Canary black Maidenhair. I received this from the Canary Islands sometime ago and observed it growing in His Majesty's gardens at Hampton-Court this year.\n\nPluk. 29. Adiantum nigrum Chinense tenuiter divisum, pinnulis minimis obtusis, plerumque bifidis - China black Maidenhair with blunt forked leaves.\n\nPluk. 30. Adiantum nigrum lanuginosum Chinense - Hoary black China Maidenhair. This rare fern, along with N. 29, were gathered about 10 years ago near Hamoy, a port in China, by my much esteemed friend Mr. Wincheslaus Libanus.\n\nPluk. 31. Adiantum nigrum americanum foliis subtus alb\u00e2 farin\u00e2 asperis - American black Maidenhair. The underside of the leaves is covered in fine, powdery whitish ash.Calomclanos (American or Adnigrus), with the pronated part of the leaves very white, Pluk. 124, fig. 3. - An Adnigrus of America, covered in a very white powder, Breyn. Cent. 1, p. 190. - Rheed's fair black Maidenhair. This elegant plant was gathered at Barbados by James Rheed. I also remember having seen it among Dr. Sloane's most curious collection of Jamaica Ferns.\n\nMalabarica aquatica, tripetalous, Mal. 32. - Inhame folios, fruit alato. Sagittae affinis, Malabarensis with a very broad leaf, flowers from trifoliate white ones, Com. not. H. Mal. v. 11. Tab. 46. p. 95. - Where they call it Ottel Ambel, and the Bramins or Brahmins Odeca Aloen. Malabar-Tankweed with welted heads. This ingenious and worthy friend, Mr. Samuel Brown, sent me from Fort St. George.\n\nArachydna Indiae utriusque, tetraphylla, B. B. pr. - Arachus Park. 1069. Raii H Pl. 919. - Sena tetraphylla, sen Absi, congener hirsuta, from Maderaspatan, flowers golden, filiquis punctatis, scabris folliculos sub terram condens, Pluk. 60. fig. 2. - Mundubi Pis. B. fig. 256. - Maregr. fig. 37.\n\nArachydna (of India, both kinds), tetraphyllous, B.B. pr. (Arachus Park). 1069. Raii H Pl. 919. - Sena tetraphylla, sen Absi, a hirsute congener, from Maderaspatan. Flowers golden, filiquis punctatis, scabris folliculos sub terram condens, Pluk. 60. fig. 2. - Mundubi Pis. B. fig. 256. - Maregr. fig. 37.The four-leaved earth-nut. I have recently received this not only from Africa, but also from Asia and America.\n\n34. Arachydna trifoliata Guineensis: an A. Phaselodes Americana, P.B. pr. Legumen trifolium sub terra fructum edens Raii, H. Pl. 919, Mandobi Pis. B. 256, Mandubi d'Angola Marcgr. 43. The Trefoil ground-Bean. This my kind Friend, Mr. Edward Bartar, sent me from Cape-Coast.\n\n35. Arachydna Lusitanica: Arachis sub terra siliquifera Lusitanica, Park. fig. 1069. Araco similis planta ex Hispania missa Bod. fig. 39. Lathyrus H. O. 51, Tab. 25. Sect. 2. fig. opt. Ray H. Pl. 919. The Portugal ground Pea. I saw this both in flower and pod, Nov. 11, 1695, amongst many other very curious Plants in the Garden of my Worthy and Honoured Friend Dr. Uvedale at Enfield.\n\n36. Baccifera aro natica, arbor Zeylanica Peromalla dicta: The aromatick Peromalla of Zeylon. I received this from our much lamented Friend Dr. Herman, late Professor of Botany at Leyden in Holland.\n\n37.Baccifera Midraspatana, Glycyrrhizae foliis coronato (Mr. Sam. Brown sent me from Fort S. George, named Yellow Sanders). Pluk. 38. Baccifera Madraspatana, Visci arborei foliis latioribus. Arbuscula Madrasp. Ligustri facie visci arborei colore & consiftentia Pluk. 143. fig. 1. an Kanelli itti Canni H. Mal. v. 10. Tab. 5. p. 9. Dr. Plukenet's Madrass-Berry with broad Misseltoe Leaves. I also had this from Fort St. George.\n39. Bombu arbor Zeylanica cujus folia Tinctoribus inserviunt (The Zeylon Bombu, or Dying-Tree. Received from Dr. Herman the last year).\n40. Chamaelea tricoccos, Bod. fig. 1185. C. B. 462. J. B. v. 1. l. 5. p. 584. Chabr. fig. 46. Park. fig. 202. Araeum tricoccos Ger. fig. 1215. idem. fig. 1402. Raii H. Pl. 1710. Widow's Weed. Grows in many places in France and Spain.\nMal. 41. Chamaelea Malabarica, trifoliata spinosa. Fructex baccifer Indicus spinosus trifolius fl. spicatis fructu plano rotundo tricocco Raii H.Pl. 1612, Plate 95, figure 5. The thorny Malabar Widow-Wayle, known as Kaka toddali by the Malabars, Brach. Boriti by the Portuguese, Espinho do ladrano by the Dutch, and Protakers by the Dutch, is depicted here. This plant is also found in Fort S. George and along the coast of Cormandel. (H. Mal. v. 5. Tab. 41. p. 81)\n\n42. Colutea Scorpioides, Geranium figure 1116, identical in figure 1299, J.B. vol. 1, p. 381. Chabreli\u00e8re figure 82, Scorpiodes elatior and major frutescens (H. Ox. 122. Tab. 10. Section 2. figure 7), Scorpiodes major Parkinson figure 227, siliquosa (five Scorpiodes major C.B. 397), Raii H. Pl. 923. Great Scorpion Sena. This plant grows around Geneva, at Mompelier, and in several parts of Hungary.\n\n43. Colutea Scorpioides odorata, Alpine variant, figure 17. Scorpiodes odorata H. Paton, H. Ox. 123. Raii H. Pl. 929. odorata Parkinson figure 227. Candy Scorpion Sena. This plant grows in Crete and around Aleppo. Flowers and pods appear in May and June.\n\n44. Colutea Scorpioides Guineensis, Ornithopodii folios. Mr. Bartar's Scorpion Sena. Found by him around Cape-Coast in Guinea.\n\n45. [No text provided]Colutea lanuginosa: flowers small, pods hairy and hanging. (H. Mal. v. 9. Tab. 30. p. 55) Scorpion Senna with pendulous, hairy pods. Grows abundantly at Cape-Coast and in the East-Indies.\n\nMalvasia 46: Convolvulus Indicus minor, folio anguloso, fl. ex albo flavescente. (Com. not. Sendera clandi H. Mal. v. 11. Tab. 65. p. 133) Malabar Bindweed with angular leaves. I am indebted to Mr. Edw. Bartar for this rare plant, which he gathered at Cape-Coast in Guinea. Also grows in Malabar.\n\nPlukenetia 47: Convolvulus minimus, procumbens, Acrostichae foliolis barbulis ad imum quaternis summo apice tricuspidatus. (Plukenetia 147. fig. 5) Dr. Plukenet's small Halbert-leaved Bindweed of Madraspatan; from which Mr. Samuel Brown sent it to me.\n\n48. Convolvulus tenuifolius, five-pennate, Americanus (Park. fig. 169). Jasminum Millefolii, folio C. B. 398. Raii H. Pl. 730. Tsjuria cranti H. Mal. v. 11. Tab. 60. p. 123. Feather-leaved Bindweed, or Quamoclit.I have received this beautiful Plant from both the East and West-Indies.\n\n49. Erica marina (fig. 571, J. B. v. 3. l. 39. p. 799. fig. Tamarisco similis maritima C. B. 365. Fu\u00e7us folio Ericae Bot. Monsp. Raii H. Pl. & Synops. 8) - Found about Mompelier and on our own Sea-Coasts, by Mr. Newton.\n\nA. 50. Erica marina alba (frutescens, Raii Synops. 327) - White shrubby Sea-Heath. Part of a very large branch of this Mr. Doody received from Gottenburgh in Denmark; a smaller branch of which I lately saw gathered by Dr. Cole, on the Coast of Cornwall.\n\n51. Erica marina elegantissima (frutescens, rutili coloris) - A large and very beautiful branch of this I saw in the most curious Museum of my Honored Friend Mr. Charlton, to whose Generosity I am extremely obliged, and amongst his many Favours, for a Specimen of this his Golden Sea-Heath.\n\nA. 52. Ferrum equinum comosum (fig. 1091, Germanicum siliquis in summitate, C. B. 340. Raii H. Pl. 930. Syn. 132)192. Tufted Horseshoe-Vetch. In chalky high grounds in many parts of England. Mal. 53. Ferrum equinum majus Malabaricum, in summitate comose not. It is called Nala tali by the Malabars, and Nalabi by the Brahmins. H. Mal. v. 9. Tab. 18. p. 31. The Malabar Horseshoe-Vetch. This my ingenious friend Mr. Samuel Brown sent me, who gathered it about Fort S. George.\n\nPluk. 54. Filix pyramidalis Chinensis. Filicis in China genus molles, auricula ad pinnulas basim superne producta summo folio longius mucronato. Pluk. 30 fig. 2. Fil. species in China delata nobis Raii H. Pl. 1853. Our China Steeple Fern, which first observed it about Fort S. George.\n\n* 55. Filix pyramidalis Madraspatana elegans pinnae serratis. Mr. Sam. Brown's Steeple-Fern, who first observed it about Fort S. George.\n* A. 56. Fungus simosus bracteolatus croceus. Yellow spangled Cow-dung Mushroom. This is frequently found on cow-dung in autumn.\n\nPluk. A. 57. Fungus (ex stercore equino) capillaceus capitatulo rorido, nigro punctulo in summitate notato. Pluk. 116. fig. 7. Raii H. Pl. 1928. Mr.Banister's Virginia Mushroom with dewy Heads. I have observed this on Horse-dung in London.\n\n58. Fungus fimosus niveus ramosissimus mollis. Tender branched Cats-dung Mushroom. Found in Cellars on Cats-dung, in Autumn.\nCats-dung Mushroom (Fungus fimosus niveus): A tender, branched fungus found in cellars on cats-dung during autumn.\n\n59. Gramen Dactylon angustifolium spicis villosis. Hairy perennial Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata). Found in many places of France and Italy.\nHairy perennial Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata): A hairy perennial grass with spikes, found in many places in France and Italy.\n\n60. Gramen Dactylon Madraspatanum spicis pilosis. Hairy Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata) gathered by Mr. Samuel Brown between Madras and Quatra Serras.\nHairy Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata): Collected by Mr. Samuel Brown between Madras and Quatra Serras.\n\n61. Gramen Dactylon Madraspatanum spicis villosis flavescentibus speciosis. Golden Hairy Cocksfoot Grass. It spikes in February and March, in sandy Grounds about Fort S. George.\nGolden Hairy Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata): A golden-haired variety of Cocksfoot Grass that spikes in February and March in sandy grounds near Fort S. George.\n\n62. Gramen Dactylon Canariense pumilum aristatum. Small Canary Cocksfoot Grass\nSmall Canary Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata): Unspecified variety of Cocksfoot Grass that is small.I received this from the Canaries and recently from the Coast of Spain, collected by my ingenious friend Mr. Sylvanus Landon between Cales and Barcelona.\n\n63. Gramen Dactylon, Bicorne Creticum, glumis lanuginosis, aristatis. (Bocc. Tab. 11. p. 20) Hairy forked Cocks-foot Grass of Candy. I sometimes find this amongst Epithymum.\n64. Gramen Dactylon, Madraspatanum, spicis aristae singulis, binis ternisve. (Panick hairy spiked Cocks-foot Grass) It spikes in February and March about Fort S. George.\n65. Gumboe arbor Surratensis, fructu Aurantio simili. (Mr. Benj. Mewse brought me a large branch of this from Surrat, where it's called the Gumboc-Tree)\n66. Kali minus, Ger. em. fig. 535. minus album Park. fig. 279. min. alb. semine splendente, C. B. 289. H. Ox. 610. Blitum marinum teretifolium. (White Glass-wort) Kali minus allum dictum Raii. H. Pl. 198. Blitum Kali min. alb. dictum Raii Syn. 37. & 64.\n67. Kali minus, villosum. (White Glass-wort) CB. parvum hirsutum (Chabert fig. 542). J.B. v. 3, p. 702 (fig. Raii). Hairy white Glass-wort. Found on the Sea-shore about Mompelier.\n\n68. Kali minus foliis lucidis (Raii H. Pl. 199). Dr. Magnol's shining white Glass-wort. Mr. Ingeous (Friend of Mr. Sylvanus Landon) found this at Carthagena and Alicant.\n\n69. Kali Polygonoides latifol. (Canariense). Broad-leaved Canary Glass-wort. I saw this in Flower and Seed in 1694 and 1695, both at the Royal Garden at St. James's and the Physick-Garden at Chelsey. In the Canaries, it's called Corozone Celio.\n\n70. Muscus Norwegicus umbraculo ruberrimo insignito. Discovered by my kind Friend Mr. Richard Wheeler near Ports-ground in Norway, this elegant Plant may not improperly be called his Norway Bongrace-Moss (Muscus pyxidatus, Offic. & Ger. em. fig. 156; Park. fig. 1308; J.B. v. 3, p. 767; pyxides terrestris, C.B. 361; Raii Cat. Ang. & H).Pl. 113. Common Cup-Moss. Flourishes from Autumn to Spring on old Brick-Walls, etc.\n\nA. 72. Muscus pyxidatus major rugosus (Rough Cup-moss). Received from my honoured Friend Mr. Jacob Bobart, Botanick-Professor at Oxford.\n73. Muscus multiformiter pyxidatus apicibus coccineis (Scarlet-tipped Cup-moss). First observed by Edw. Byrch, Esq in Staffordshire; found on Putney-Heath.\nA. 74. Muscus aquaticus pileis acutis (Mr. John Scampton's Peak-moor Moss). First found by that ingenious Botanist on the large stones that lie in the Rivulets amongst the Peak-Moors in Derbyshire.\nA. 75. Muscus capillaris palustris flagellis longioribus bifurcatis (Mr. Jacob Bobart's Golden Bog-moss). First observed by him in some Boggs near Oxford.\nA. 76. Muscus Corallinus (Five-finger Corallina). Corallina montana Ger. fig. 1380, id. em. fig. 1572, Corall. mont. Park. fig. 1312, Cor. seu cornutus mont. C. B. 361.tubulosus ramosissus - Muscus Corallinus, Raii, Angl. & H. Pl. 113. Syn. 13, 21: Branched Coralline-moss. Abundant on most dry heaths.\n\nA. 77: Muscus Corallinus minor ramosissimus fuscus: Our small brown Coralline-moss. Found on heaths, less common than the common.\n\nA. 78: Muscus Corallinus saxatilis foeniculaceus: Our Rock-hair. First observed on the highest rocks in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire.\n\nA. 79: Muscus crustaceus leprosus scutellaris cinereus: Mr. Pool's Ash-coloured Leprous-moss. Found by him on some rocks near Nottinghamshire, which I have since seen gathered by Mr. Charles Du-bois about Tunbridge.\n\nA. 80: Muscus crustaceus leprosus scutis nigricantibus: Our black spangled Leprous-moss. Found on some walls about London.\n\nA. 81: Muscus terrestris vulgaris, Cupressi foliis: Cyprus-leaved Earth-moss. Common in most woods.\n\nA. 82: Muscus terrestris latioribus foliis major seu vulgaris, Raii CCC. & C. Angl. H. Pl. 122. Syn. 17, ter. & hortensis J. B. v. 3, l: Our common earth-moss with broader leaves, also known as Muscus terrestris major or Muscus terrestris vulgaris. Raii, Angl. H. Pl. 122. Syn. 17. ter. & hortensis J. B. v. 3, l. 38. p. 764. an vulgatissimus C. B. 360? Com\u2223mon Earth-moss. In Woods and shady places very common.\n* A. 83. Muscus muralis repens sericeus fol. splenden\u2223tibus. Creeping Velvet-moss. It heads in April on Brick-Walls, and sometimes at the bottom of old Trees.\nA. 84. Muscus cristam castrensem repraesentans fla\u2223vescens ramosus nemoralls Cassubicus Breynii in viridario sue Prussiae atque Cassubiae. Breynius's plume-crested Earth-moss. The first knowledge of this we owe to this worthy and most judi\u2223cious Botanist, who, amongst many very curious Plants, sent me this, which I have since found in England.\n* A. 85. Muscus trichoides lanuginosus Alpinus. Our small hairy Mountain-Goldilocks. I found this about Mid\u2223summer, 1692. on some Rocks in Leicestershire.\n* A. 86. Muscus trichoides acaulos minor latifolius. Mr. Doody's broad-leaved stalkless Goldilocks. This was first shewn me by that indefatigable Botanist, the which I have since observed on dry Banks in Febr. and March.\n* A. 87Muscus trichoides minor - A. This fine-leaved, stalkless variety of Goldilocks moss is observed in sandy places in April. (A. 88) Our fine-leaved small Goldilocks. I have found this in March and April on some Pales at Hampstead and Hornsey. (A. 88)\n\nMuscus trichoides minor - The Extinguisher-moss. First observed by Mr. Tho. Pool in Nottingham, it has also been found in Essex by Mr. William Vernon. (A. 89)\n\nPersicaria angustifolia - Narrow-leaved Lake-weed. Found last autumn on ditch-banks in the meadows beyond the Lord Peterborough's House at Westminster. (A. 90)\n\nPersicaria non maculata & Hydropiper - Officer's records. (A. 91)Persicaria pusilla, also known as common arsemart, is a creeping plant that flowers from June to autumn in ditches and watery places. (Persicaria pusilla repens, Geranium emaculatum fig. 450; minor or pusilla, procumbens, H. Ox. 589, Sect. 5, Tab. 29; minor, C. B. 101; Raii, Cat. Angl. & H. Pl. 183; Syn. 32 & 58)\n\nPersicaria maculosa, also known as dead or spotted arsemart, grows near brooksides, in moist watery places, and often amongst corn. (Persicaria maculosa, Officinalis; Persicaria Chabrillanus, fig. 564; mitis, J.B. v. 3, l. 38, p. 58; vulg. mitis, five maculosa, Parkinson fig. 856; mitis maculosa, C.B. 101; H. Ox. 588, Sect. 5, Tab. 29; Raii, CC. & Angl. H. Pl. 183; Syn. 32 & 58)\n\nPersicaria perennis with salicifolium leaves. (Persicaria perennis folio perennis, H. Leyd, Salicifolium)Persicaria angustifolia (Raii, H. Pl. 184, Syn. 32 & 58; Ger. fig. 675; id. em. fig. 821; Salicis folio C. B. 193; angust. five Sal. fol. H. Ox. 587; Sect. 5. Tab. 29; Pot. seu Fontalis Persicariae foliis J. B. v. 3; l. 38. p. 777; Fontalis minor longifolia Park. fig. 1254) is a perennial willow-leaved Arsenum. It flowers in June and July in lakes, fish-ponds, and other bodies of water.\n\nMalabar Persicaria (Mal. 95; Pluk. 210. fig. 7) is also known as Persicaria madraspatana and is called Belutta Modela muccu by the Malabars and Sisori by the Brahmin. It grows by river sides and is found at Fort S. George.\n\nPersicaria virginiana (Mus. Trad. 153; Park. fig. 857; H. Ox. 589; Raii H. Pl. 183) is Parkinson's white Virginian Arsenum. I have seen this in many gardens around London.\n\nSoldanella and Brassica marina (Offic. Dal. 287; S. marina Ger. fig) are listed in Officina Anatomica.Convolvulus maritimus, also known as Soldanella, is called English Sea Bind-weed or Scottish Scurvy-Grass. It is found on sandy shores in various places. Malabarica is the forked-leaved variant of this sea bind-weed, which grows in Ceylon, Malabar, and along the coast of Coromandel. Xanthium Malabaricum, with lanuginosus capitulas and Malabar leaves and Lappaceous seeds, is also referred to in H. Mal. vol. 10, Tab. 59, p. 117. The Bramins call it Bangada Valli, in Zeylon it is known as Bintambaru, and the Portuguese call it Pes Caprae or Raii (H. Pl. 1881). The Indian forked-leaved sea bind-weed.\n\nMalabarica (Convolvulus maritimus): fig. 838 (C. B.), 295 (vulg. Park.), 123 (Chabr.), J. C. 123, J. B. 2. l. 15, p. 166.\nRaii (Convolvulus maritimus): Tab. 3 (Ox.), Sect. 1, Raii Cat. Angl. & H. Pl. 726.\nSoldanella (Soldanella dicta): Syn. 102 & 157.\n\nMalabaricum (Xanthium): H. Mal. vol. 10, Tab. 59, p. 117.\nBetae folio: Malab.\nSemine Lappaceo: Com. not.\n\nBangada Valli (Malabarica): Mal. 98.\nBintambaru (Malabarica): Zeylanicus folio crasso cordiformi (H. Leyd.), fig. & P. B. pr. marit.\nPes Caprae/Raii (Malabarica): H. Pl. 1881.And called it Wellia Codaveli. The woolly-headed Malabar Xanthium, or lesser Burdock, grows there as well and is called Tetrephoe. According to the Reverend Mr. Smith, they boil it in broth for the Flux.\n\nXanthium spinosum Lusitanicum (Pluk. 230, fig. 1). The Portuguese thorny Xanthium. My worthy friend Dr. Lecaan brought me this from the Physic Garden at Leyden.\n\nThis century consists of such Animals, Vegetables, Fossils, &c. as have been either observed by my self, or com\u2223municated to me not only from many Very Worthy and Learned Assistants at Home, but also brought me by my Kind Friends from divers parts of the World, or transmitted from such Curious Persons as do me the Honour to Correspond with me from several parts Abroad: I thought my self highly obliged to acknowledg them as my Generous Benefactors; And design\u2223ing to continue the Publishing of these Centuries as my Philoso\u2223phical Acquaintance and Correspondents Abroad and at Home shall enrich me; I do therefore most humbly beg the Com\u2223munications and Assistance of all Curious Persons and Lovers of Natural History, the which shall be justly and faithfully acknow\u2223ledged. And if there be any thing in this or the following Centuries which they shall desire to be farther inform'd of, I shall endeavour to serve them in that or what else is in the Power of\nTheir most obliged Servant, JAMES PETIVER.\nNovember 30. 1695. From the W in Aldersgate-Street. LondonA. Signifies a Native of England.\nB. Acta Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London.\nBodaeus \u00e0 Stapel. Hist. Pl. Theophrastus, Amsterdam, 1644.\nBreyn. Centaurium Jacobi Breynii, Gdansk, 1678.\nC. Bauhini, Theatrum Botanicum, Caspar, Basel, 1658, folio.\nC. pr. Prodromus ejusd., ibid., 1671, folio.\nC. Theatrum Botanicum Casp. Bauhini, ibid., 1671, folio.\nChabreau, Icones & Sciagraphia Dom. Chabraei, Geneva, 1678, folio.\nComelini, not. in Hortus Malabaricus.\nDalton, Pharmacologia, D. Sam. Dale, London, 1693, p. 120.\nGerard, Herbal, John Gerard, London, 1597, folio.\nidem, emendatum et auctum by T. Johnson, ibid., 1636.\nGesner, De Figuris Lapidum, Conrad Gesner, Ticinum, 1565, p. 80.\nGoedart, Metamorphosis Naturalis, Joan Goedart, Medici, 1662, p. 80.\nGraffin, Insects, Mariana Sibyll, Dutch, Nuremberg, 1679, folio.\n\u2014 V. 2. Her 2nd Volume, in Dutch, Francois ad Maen, 1683.[H. Mal. Hortus malabaricus, 12 vols, Amstelodamus, 1678-1688.\nH. Oxon. Hist. Plant. univers., Oxford, 1680.\nHoef. Insectarum Volatilium Icones, by D. J. Hoefnagel, 1630.\nJ. B. Hist. Plantarum, by J. Bauhin, 3 vols, Eboracum, 1640.\nList. De Insectis in J. Goedart, by M. Lister, M.D., 1682-1685.\n\u2014 A. Historia Animalium Angliae, London, 1678, 1685.\n\u2014 app. Appendix, added to Historia Animalium Angliae, London, 1685.\n\u2014 H. C. Hist. Conchyliorum, lib. 4, ibid., 1685.\nMal in margin, indicates native of Malabar.\nMerret, D. Pinax rerum naturalium Britannicarum, London, 1667.\nMof. Insectum Theatrum, by Tho. Monfet, London, 1636.\n\u2014 A. English translation by E. Topsell, ibid., 1658.\nMus. R. S. Museum Regalis Societatis, by N. Grew, M.D., London, 1681.\nMus. Tradescantianum, London, 1656.\nOfficinalis, indicates medicinal use in shops.\nParkinson, J. Theatrum Botanicum, London, 1640.\nPlot, Dr. Naturalis Historia Oxoniensis, Oxford, 1677.\nPlot, Staffordshire.]A. Jacobo Petiver, Pharmacop. Lond. & Regia Societatis Socio.\n\nAnguis vulgaris fuscus, collum flavescens, ventre albis maculis distinctus. (The common English snake. These are commonly found in moist brambly woods and often in dunghills.)\n\nCaecilia Anglica cinerea, squamis parvis, molibus compactis. (The Blind-Worm, or Slow-Worm. I have often met with these in the Spring, in old gardens, woods, and groves.)\n\nVipera (The Viper. - Syn. An. 285.)Anglica fusca, dorsum lineis undulatis nigricans - Our English viper or adder. These are found in low woods and dry banks.\n\n104. Vipera anglica nigricans - a.k.a. V. nigra (Schwenck). Theriotroph. Silesia, 167?. English Black-Adder. This viper we sometimes encounter.\n\n105. Anguis berniceus viridis familiaris pertinax - a.k.a. Serpens Indicus, gracilis viridis in arboretis & fruticetis degener - Aehaetulla ceylonensis. i.e. Oculis infestus. Mus. Indic. Herm: 8 & 92. Raii Syn. An. 331. This elegant and harmless snake, the King of Borneo's sons kept to play with, was procured for me by my very obliging friend Mr. Silvanus Landon.\n\n106. Caecilia borneoca pulla, lineis nigris striata - Given me by the same hand.\n\n107. Serpens borneicus ex fusco cyaneus, zonis albescentibus - Brought me by my aforesaid worthy friend, from the same place with the two last.\n\n108. Serpens variegatus major Indicus - The skin of this larger, variegated serpent was brought me from the East-Indies by my ingenious and kind friend Mr. James Cuningham.109. Serpens variegatus minor Jamaicensis. This Mr. Anth. Bigg sent me from Jamaica.\nTo this Tribe I think it is not improper to add the following rarity:\n110. Anguis petrifactus. Taken out of the Stomach of a Goat in Norway, and brought me from thence by my kind Friend Mr. Rich. Wheeler.\n3. Lacetae domesticae & Exoticae. English Lizards and others.\nA. 111. Lacerta aquatica major mas, seu verruculis albis aspersis, membranulo serrato in dorso extante. Salamandra aq. Raii Syn. An. 273. or L. aq. major Schw. Th. Sil. 149? The greater Male Newt, with white spots and a serrated membrane on its back.\nA. 112. Lacerta aq. major foemina & venuculis albis aspersis; dorso plano. The greater Female Newt, with white spots and a smooth back. Commonly seen all Spring in most Ditches and Ponds about London.\nA. 113. Lacerta aq. minor mas, seu laevis lituris nigris aspersis. The lesser Male-Newt, with smooth, black-spotted sides.\nA. 114. Lacerta aq. minor foem. seu levis flavescens. The lesser Female Newt, with smooth, yellowish sides. Found at the same time with the former, in the same places, and all standing Waters.\nA. 115.Lacerta terrestris tardipes (The Slow-Eft). I first observed these in A.D. 1692, under some old wood at Scraptaf in Leicester-Shire, and this Spring at Rugby in Warwick-shire.\n\nLacerta vulgaris (Raii). Syn. An. 264. (common slow-worm or common legless lizard. grey in color, Schw. Th. Siles. 149?).\n\n117. Lacerta jamaicensis (line on back pyramidal, long tail). I received this from Afr. Anthony Bigg of Port-Royal in Jamaica.\n\n118. Lacerta indica (rounded scales and warts, broad and rough digits). Syn. with Salamandra indica (Bont. Hist. Nat. 57. fig? & Mus. Ind. Herm. 68. 141. & 187?). This was sent to me by the curious and accurate anatomist Dr. Fred. Ruysch, Botanick Professor in Amsterdam, to whom I am extremely obliged for his generosity.\n\n119. Lacertus volans seu Dracunculus alatus (Bontii H. Nat 59. fig. L. vol. Indica Raii Syn. An. 275. Ephemer. German. Ann. 12 fig.). Bontius' Flying Iava Lizard. This wonderful Animal entire and very curiously preserved in Spirits was given me by my Honoured and Worthy Friend Mr. Charlton. Another of the same I also received lately from Madam Herman at Leyden.\n120. Scincus Cyprius cinereus, squammis ex nigro alboque tessellatus. an Lacerta Cypria Scincoides Charlt. Exerc. An. 28? The chequered. Scink. This my Indefatigable Friend Mr. Samuel Daniel, found in the Island of Cyprus.\n* 121. Echinus spatagus Jamaicensis. Found there by my Hearty Friend Mr. Patrick Rattray.\n* 122. Echinus Ovarius verrucis (seu aculeorum ve\u2223stigiis) plurimis majoribus.\n* 123. Echinus Ovarius Barbadensis verrucis pluri\u2223mis minoribus. Very common on the shoars of Barbadoes.\n* 124. Echinus Ovarius Barbadensis, radiis quinque geminis, venust\u00e8 striatus. Found with the last.\n* 125. Echinus compressus Carolinianus, radiis quin\u2223que totidemque foraminibus mir\u00e8 ornatus. Mr. Stephens sent this strange Echinus from Carolina to my worthy and learned Friend DrMartin Lister, to whose generosity I am deeply indebted, not only for this curiosity but many other favors.\n\nA. 126. Echinites pyramidalis, with five-radiated tessellations. Capstone. Found in Charlton Chalk-pits.\nA. 127. Echinus parvus croceus, with five stripes between laminae. A marine Echinus from the Cabinet of the Biblioth\u00e8que de St. Genevi\u00e8ve, Tab. 45, fig. 8. Given to me by Mr. William Wheeler, said to have been found in a garden.\nA. 127. Echinites spatagodes, from the Cretaceous layer, resembling a toad's rear end. In the Cabinet of St. Genevi\u00e8ve, Tab. 45, fig 9. Found with 126, and called there Toads-Arse.\nA. 129. Echinites spatagodes, siliceous, with circular pores. Echinus praeter radios & annulis duplicatis insignis. List H. A. 224, Fig. 28. Plot H. Oxon. I had this from my worthy friend Mr. Charles Du Bois, who found it about Mitcham in Surrey.\nA. 130. Echinites compressus, with projecting verrucae. Found in the Charlton Chalk-pits and called there Rings.\n\nNote: Bellonius, Rondeletius, Gesner.* Acacia Madraspatana, spinis basi latis, foliis minimis. (Acacia of Madraspatana with wide-based spines and small leaves)\n* Acacia Madraspatana, spinis geminis teretibus, foliis minimis. (Acacia of Madraspatana with two round spines and small leaves)\n* Aceris folio subtus lanuginosum, Planta Madraspatana. (Aceris with lanugo-covered underside, from Madraspatana)\n* Adiantum Capitis bonae spei, foliis trilobatis. (Adiantum of Good Hope with trilobed leaves)\n* Adiantum furcatum, Insulae Sanctae Helenae. (Forked Adiantum from the Island of Saint Helena)\n* Ageratum Camphoratum, Cap. b. sp. Argemones folio. (Ageratum Camphoratum, Argemones-like leaf)\n* Tanacetum, fl. luteo, Camphoram redolens. (Tanacetum with yellow flowers that smell of camphor)137. Ageratum, Cap. b. s. Peucedani, folio.\n138. Agrifolium, Pa mense, Lauri, folio. Arivinio Indicum dictum.\n139. Althaea, arbor Insul. S. Helenae, Oleaster folio.\n140. Alsine, Americana, Saxifragae albae, folio.\n141. Amaranthus, Angolensis, Acetosae spica, folio Parietariae.\n142. Amaranthoides, Portulacae folio, Gurneensis Lupuli capitulis.\n143. Amaranthoides, Polygoni folio hirsutum, Luperusoides, ex Ins. S. Helenae. This elegant plant and several others, the Reverend Mr. Stonestreet gave me. His brother collected them at St. Helena.\n144. Argyrocome, Cap. b. s. Thymi solis.\n145. Arundinis, paniculatum planta et Cap. b. s.\n146. Aster, Cap. b. s. Satureiae foliis recurvis.\n147. Aster, viscosus, fl. luteo. D. Oldeland.\n148. Aster, fl. luteo, folio Cymbalariae. D. Oldeland.\n149. Aster, Cap. B. S. Elichrysi, folio lanuginosum, fl. albo. Collected at the Cape of Good Hope by Mr. Stonestreet. Given to me by his brother.Aster Vivginianus leaves. I received this, along with other American plants mentioned below, from my ingenious friend Mr. Samuel Doody.\n151. Baccharis Palmensis leaf, subrotundly serrated.\n152. Bellis Americana umbellifera, Doronicum Romanum leaf.\n153. Bellis Americana umbellifera, inferior leaves Ranunculi flammei, long petioles clinging.\n154. Bromus from Cabenda, polyspermos utriculatus. Collected at Cabenda by my kind friend Mr. Kirckwood, Surgeon.\n155. Calendulae affinis seeds, membranaceous triangular. D. Oldeland.\n156. Campanula Cap. B. S. Reticulated spinose leaves.\n157. Campanula Cap. B. S. Coronopifolius.\n158. Centaurium minus Virginalis, spicatum ramossissimum, polyanthos.\n159. Centaurium minus, cordiform leaves. D. Oldeland.\n160. Chamaecistus Cap. B. S.162. Chamaecistus, Cap. B. S., crispus, Chamdaeryos - collected at the Cape of Good Hope by the Reverend Dr. Lewis.\n163. Chrysanthemum americanum, fl. mixtum - with purplish leaf margins.\n164. Chrysanthemum americanum, trifoliatum - with rough leaf margins.\n165. Chrysanthemum, Cap. B. S., arbutifolium.\n166. Cirsium americanum, fl. uniflorum - with spiny squamis and pale foliage.\n167. Clinopodium, from Cabenda Parietariae folio - gathered by Mr. Kirckwood, Surgeon, near Angola.\n168. Cnicus, fl. aureum laevis - D. Oldeland.\n169. Corrida guineensis, foliis aduncis - sent by Mr. Edward Bartar from Cape-Coast under the name of Malice-Weed.\n170. Conophoros, Cap. B. S., oleandri folio.\n171. Conophoros, Cap. B. S., laurocerasi folio angustiori.\n172. Conophoros, Cap. B. S., folio in summo dentato.\n173. Conophoros, Cap. B. S., linariae foliis sericeis rigidis.\n174. Conophoros, Cap. B. S., oleae angustiori folio.175. Convolvulus angolensis, with auriculate leaves and bifid bases.\n176. Conyza angolensis, serrated leaves. This and the previous, along with several others, were gathered by my kind friend Mr. Mason, Surgeon, in Angola.\n177. Corallium nigrum, Bornean variety, with virgultous ramules. Mr. Sylvanus Landon brought me this from the coast of Borneo.\n178. Corallium purpureum, Virginian variety, with terete virgules. My ingenious friend Mr. James Marshal brought me this from Virginia.\n179. Corallium fuscum, Virginian variety, with ramose virgules. Mr. Peter Park found this on the shores of Virginia.\n180. Crocus coeruleus, Quinquenervius, with a Cap. Ben. Spei leaf.\n181. Crocus, with a blue and golden variegated flower. D. Oldeland.\n182. Crocus affinis, with an obsoletely ruby-colored flower. D. Oldeland.\n183. Cupressus japonicus, Arboris Vitae, with foliage and face. Five Arbor ignea from the Fim-noki Japanese.184. Cyperus americanus, paniculate, with small ruby-red inflorescence, seeds like Lithospermum.\n185. Cyperus juncoides, barbate, from Monte Serado, capitate, larger.\n186. Cyperus juncoides, barbate, Guinean, capitate, smaller.\n187. Cyperus madraspatanus, paniculate, showy, branching profusely.\n188. Cyperus madraspatanus, paniculate, showy, with minute glumes.\n189. Cyperus from Monte Serado, with simple Ranunculus heads.\n190. Cyperus virginianus, juncoid, aquatic, paniculate.\n191. Cyperus americanus, with hamate barbs.\n192. Cytisus, Cap. B. S., with silver-washed foliage.\n193. Cytisus, Cap. B. S., with perforated foliage.\n194. Draba, with sky-blue flowers, Oldenland.\n195. Dracocephalon americanum, with campestris Lysimachia foliage, round stem.\n196. Dracocephalon americanum, with Oculus Christi foliage, smaller flowers.\n197. Dracocephalon americanum[201. Elichrysum, Cap. B. S. Lychnidis, Coronariae folio, capitulis squarrosis.\n202. Enula Campanae affinis, flore luteo. D. Oldel.\n203. Erica, fl. variegato tricolori. D. Oldeland.\n204. Erica, fl. rubra. D. Oldeland.\n205. Erica, Cap. B. S. Cerinthes, flore staminoso.\n206. Eriea, Cap. B. S. tenuifolia, floribus exiguis, carneis dens\u00e8 spicatis.\n207. Erysimum, fl. coeruleo, staminulis croceis. D. Old.\n208. Eupatoroides, Cap. B. S. Satureiae, foliis rigidis.\n209. Eupatoroides, Cap. B. S. foliis rigidis teretibus contortis.\n210. Eupatoroides, Cap. B. S. spicata, foliis rigidis.]\n\nThis text appears to be a list of botanical entries, likely from a herbal manuscript. I have removed the meaningless or unreadable content, including the initial \"Hyssopi folio\" and the incomplete reference to a \"Mr\" at the end. I have also removed the line breaks and other formatting that were not necessary for understanding the content. The Latin names have been left as-is, as they are the original content of the text. Samuel Daniel, Surgeon, who ga\u2223thered this, with several other rare Plants, in the Island of Coos, celebrated for the Birth of Hippocrates.\n* 212. Filicula Palmensis pinnis parvis subtus omnin\u00f2 villosis.\n* 213. Filicula Palm. pinnis spinifetis integris & un\u2223datis.\n* 214. Filix Cap. B. S. marginibus aciniferis.\n* 215. Filix Dactyloides perelegans, \u00e8 Monte Serado. Pound there by my ingenious Friend Mr. George Wingfield, Surgeon.\n* 216. Filix Pyramidalis elegans Insul. S. Jobannis, pinnulis angustis serratis.\n* 217. Filix scandens Nummulariae folio \u00e8 Monte Serado. Brought me thence by Mr. Rich. Planer.\n* 218. Frutex spicatus Prunifolius Virginianus.\n* 219. Fucus Foeniculaceus fuscus, ex Insul. Cyprus. Collected there by my ingenious Friend Mr. James Keil, an expert Surgeon and Anatomist.\n* 220. Fungus Calyciformis pediculo nigro, \u00e8 Monte Serado. Brought me thence by my aforesaid Friend Mr. George Wingfield.\n* 221. Genista fl. croceo lutescenti. D. Oldeland.\n* 222. Genista fl. luteo. D. Oldeland.\n* 223Genista has small yellow flowers. D. Oldeland.\n224. Genista has yellow flowers among Larix leaves.\n225. Genista of Gades is yellow and spiny. This, my friend Mr. Samuel Daniel gathered at Cales.\n226. Gnaphalium has large lanate capitulas. Gathered at Alicant by Mr. Ugden, Surgeon.\n227. Gnaphalium has silver flowers. D. Oldeland.\n228. Gnaphalium, called Virginia Plantago or White Plantain (Plantago candida), was brought to us by Mr. James Brodie from Virginia.\n229. Gnaphalium has white rigid flowers.\n230. Gnaphalium from Monte Tabulari has teretifolium and yellow flowers. These were gathered by Mr. Stonestreet at the Cape of Good Hope.\n231. Gnaphalium has tomentose flowers and yellow ones. D. Oldeland.\n232. Cyperoides grass, with spikes of flowers arising from sheaths or echinate leaves. Cat. Plant. Jam. 33. I am indebted to my worthy friend Dr. Sloan for this elegant grass.Gramen asperum (B.S.)\n234. Gramen Amoris (American): polystachyon and ramossissimum, with small, pointed leaves.\n235. Gramen Amoris (Virginian): paniculate, purplish. Obtained from Virginia by Mr. James Marshall.\n236. Gramen Junceum from Monte Serado, associated with Eryngii capitis.\n237. Gramen Lagopoides (Palmense).\n238. Gramen Lagopoides (Guineense): long-spiked.\n239. Gramen pratense majus (Virginianum).\n240. Gramen Secalinum: annual spike. Collected in the Curious Garden of my Reverend Friend Dr. Uvedale at Enfield.\n241. Helleborine Angolensis: foliis Allii Ursini. Collected by Mr. Mason, Surgeon.\n242. Helleborine (American): Arundinaceo folio, flowers yellow with maculations.\n243. Helenoides (arbor): foliis Teucrii crassis et rigidos. Grows on the Island of St. Helena and is known there as the Balsam-Tree.\n244. Helenoides (arbor): Verbasci nigri folio, subtus lanuginosus. Found with the last.\n245. Holosteum parvum (Norwegian). Obtained from Norway and sent by Mr. Richard Wheeler.\n* 246. Jacea lutea major, seminibus Crupinae Belga\u2223rum. This my worthy Friend Mr. Jacob Bobart sent me from Oxford.\n* 247. Jacea Amer. Graminis folio, monanthos, squamis foliaceis.\n* 248. Jacea Amer. Graminis folio, floribus alternis spicatis.\n* 249. JCap. B. S. foliis Sedi ma\u2223joris. This Tribe of Plants is tal'd as the Cape of good hope Trumpet-Flowers.\n* 250. Isicis foliis exiguis Frutex Orientalis. This elegant Shrub my kind Friend Capt. Conway brought me from the Bombay side of India.\n* 251. Iris Amer. coerulea Graminis folio.\n* 252. Knawel Limonoides Canariense Portulacae aq. folio.\nA * 253. Lactuea aquatica tenuifolia segmentis bifidis. Found in a Ditch near Deptford-Dock.\n* 254. Lagopus Americanus floribus majoribus co\u2223mosis.\n* 255. Laserpitium Amer. Fraxini folio.\n* 256. Laserpitium Amer. Hyperici folio.\n* 257. Laserpitium Amer. Chaerophylli folio.\n* 258. Laurus Alexandrina Palmensis, baccis \u00e8 crenis foliorum prodeuntibus. The discovery of this elegant Plant is owing to our Indefatigable Friend Mr259. Laurus tinus (Madraspatanus trifoliatus). Gathered on St. Thomas's Mount near Fort St. George by Mr. Samuel Brown, Surgeon.\n260. Laurus tinus (Palmensis folio latissimo villoso).\n261. Lycium Cap. B. S. (foliis Visci minoribus). Gathered by the Reverend Dr. Lewis.\n262. Lichen arboreus (Amer. scutellis magnis).\n263. Lichen arboreus (Insul. S. Johannis marginibus pilosis).\n264. Lilac (Cap. B. S. Fraxini foliis).\n265. Lychnis Gadensis (parva hirsuta). Found at Cales by Mr. Daniel.\n266. Lychnis Hispanica (Kali folio multiflora). El. Bot. 281. This Dr. Tournefort, Botanick Professor of the Royal Garden at Paris, gave to my Ingenious Friend Dr. Charles Preston, from whom I received it.\n267. Lychnis viscosa (aizoides fl. minimo) [either Rhodes or L. marina], pusilla, Alsines folio crasso, minori, glutinoso, polyanthos (Hort. Catholic?). This Mr. Charles Du Bois raised (from Seed I gave him) at his Garden at Mitcham, where it flowered with him from August till October, 1697.\n268. Lysimachia fl.Juteo tubo longissimo (D. Olde land)\n269. Melon, with fragrant fruit striped elegantly in yellow and crimson. This beautiful melon was grown last year by my honored friend Mr. John Wart at his garden in Enfield.\n270. Red watermilfoil (Millefolium aquaticum), with red, floating seed-stems. Discovered around mid-April by my ingenious friend Mr. Adam Buddle in a pond near Henley in Suffolk.\n271. English sea fan (Millepora arenosa). Found at Deal by Mr. Cuninghame.\n272. Musk mallow (Mocana), shrub with Arbutus-like leaves.\n273. Golden musk moss (Muscus americanus), with golden foliage resembling that of a Cupressus tree.\n274. Red-haired marsh moss (Muscus marinus), non-branched, received recently from my kind friend Mr. Samuel Dale, Apothecary, at Braintree in Essex.\n275. Red-berried musk moss (Muscus islandicus), with red, pennate leaves and serrated foliage, taken from the stomach of a cod-fish on the coast of Iceland by Mr. Evans, Surgeon.\n276. Nasturtium with testiculate fruit, from St. Helena Island.\n277. Shiny-leaved oleander (Oleandri), shrub from Cap. B. S.\n278. American orchid.petalis orchidium elegans serratis.\n279. Orchis Americana calcarea longissimo, Polygonati folio.\n280. Orchis herbacea flore singulari, D. Oldeland.\n281. Orchis referens effigiem Nudi Hominis, Coriandri odore, D. Oldeland.\n282. Ornithogalum affine radice rubicundissima floribus aureis, D. Oldeland.\n283. Pentaflora Cap. B. S. foliis Myrti minoris.\n284. Phaseolus Angolensis foliis lobatis.\n285. Phaseolus Americanus lobis spiniferis.\n286. Phaseolus Americanus Apios Cornuti folio flore singulari.\n287. Phaseolus Cap. B. S. monanthos, Lotus facie.\n288. Phaseolus Cap. B. S. foliis parvis floribus comosis.\n289. Plantago Lanceolata Cap. B. S. foliis serratis externis lobatis, Americana.\n290. Sedum Cap. B. S. Serpylli folio hirsuto floribus albis comosis.\n291. Scorodonium Cap. B. S. floribus spicatis purpurascentibus pentapetaloideis, unico semine majori echinato, Cat. Pl. Jam. 66.\n\nI received these plants and seeds from my unknown friend Mr. John Fenwick in Spanish Town, Jamaica.[293. Tagetes Scabiosae tenuifolii villosi folis in Cap. B. S.\n294. Valerianoides Americus fl globosum Pishaminis folio in Cap. B. S.\n295. Valerianoides Linariae folio, fl. coeruleum in Cap. B. S.\n296. Valerianoides foliis Abrotani tridentinis in Cap. B. S.\n297. Valerianoides Calaminthae folio in Cap. B. S.\n298. Verbenaca Hyssopi foliis parvis in Cap. B. S.\n299. Verbenaca Taxifoliis marginibus lanuginosis in Cap. B. S.\n300. Xeranthemum in Cap. B. S. Rorismarini folio.\n300. Xeranthemum Sophiae Chyrurgorum foliis in Cap. Bon. Spti.\n]\n\n(Note: The text appears to be a list of plant species, likely from a botanical classification system. The text has been cleaned to remove unnecessary information and formatting, while preserving the original content as much as possible.)Preserve small beasts, fish, serpents, lizards, and other fleshy bodies by placing them in a rack, rum, brandy, or any other spirit, or in a strong pickle or brine of seawater. Add three to four handfuls of common or bay salt and a spoonful or two of alum powdered to each gallon. Send in any pot, bottle, jar, cask, or other vessel.\n\nPreserve pulpy, moist fruit, such as apples, cherries, cucumbers, oranges, and others, by following the same method. Tie a sprig of its leaves to each fruit.Thirdly, for preserving large birds, if we cannot have their entire cases, their heads, legs, and wings will be acceptable. However, smaller birds can be preserved whole by opening their bodies. This is best done by cutting them under the wing and removing their entrails. Then stuff them with oakum or tow mixed with pitch or tar, and dry them in the sun. Once dried, wrap them up tightly and keep them from moisture.\n\nFourthly, when collecting plants, please ensure that you gather the part of the tree or herb that has its flower, seed, or fruit on it. If none of these are present, then gather the entire plant. If the leaves near the root differ from those above, please collect both to complete the specimen. These should be put into a book or a quire of brown paper (which you should bring with you) as soon as gathered. Shift them to a fresh place once a week to prevent rotting or the paper from rotting.\n\nCollect all small seeds and dry fruit, such as nuts, pods, heads, husks, etc.To properly clean the text, I would first address requirement 1 by removing unnecessary line breaks and whitespaces. After that, I will focus on requirement 2 by removing any modern additions or irrelevant content. Lastly, I will ensure requirement 3 is met by maintaining the original text's archaic English.\n\nCleaned Text: You need only care for these specimens by being leisurely dried and wrapped in paper. Add a leaf or two and a flower to each for added instruction. Include a piece of the wood, bark, root, gum, or rosin from any tree or herb that is remarkable for its beauty, smell, use, or virtue.\n\nRegarding insects, such as beetles, spiders, grasshoppers, bees, wasps, fireflies, and so on, drown them immediately upon capture in a small, wide-mouthed glass or vial filled with the aforementioned spirits or vinegar. However, butterflies, moths, or night butterflies, which have mealy wings that can be rubbed off with the fingers, should be placed in your pocketbook or any other small printed book as soon as caught, following the same procedure as for dry plants.There is no art in sending shells, but in choosing those with snails or fish in them, which can be easily removed by boiling them as soon as you return home. Sea-shells will be very acceptable, but land and freshwater ones are the most rare and desirable. Collect all colored earths, clays, minerals, metals, and ores as you find them, as well as formed stones that resemble shells or bones, such as vertebrae. Obtain these as entire as possible. Observe the same for slates with the impression of plants, fish, insects, or other bodies. These can be found in quarries, mines, pits, caves, or wherever the earth is exposed.\n\nFor more particular inquiries, I recommend the Honourable Mr. Boyle's General Heads for Natural History, proposed to Travelers and Navigators. Printed at London, 1692. 12mo.\n\nN.B.Amongst Plants, the most common grass, rush, moss, fern, thistles, thorns, or the vilest weeds will meet with the same acceptance as a scarcer one, and the same is true of all other common and rare things, i.e., whatever you meet with, will be welcome to you, SIR. Your most obliged and humble servant, JAMRS PETIVER. From my House in Alder London. May 30, 1698.\n\nLondon, Printed for S. Smith and B. Walford at the Princes Arms in S. Paul's Church Yard. 1698.\n\ninsect, plant, plant, plant, insect, plant, plant, plant, insect, insect\n\nA JACOBO PETIVER, Pharmacop. Lond. & Regia Societatis Socio.\n\nA 301. Papilio albus, venis nigris. The white butterfly with black veins. Hoesnagel. Tab. 10. Fig. 14. Graff. Vol. 2. Tab. 35. Pag. 69. I once observed this in a garden.\n\nA 302. Papilio albus medius, venis latis subtus nigricantibus. The common white-veined butterfly. Graff. Vol. 2. Tab. 39. p. 77. This is very common in fields and meadows from March till midsummer.\n\nA 303. Papilio albus minor. The small white butterfly. This I have not often met with.\nA. 304. Papilio Leucomelanus subt\u00f9s viridescens marmo\u2223reus. The greenish marbled half-Mourner. The only ont I have seen in England, Mr. Will. Vernon caught in Cambridge\u2223shire. Mr. Jezreel Jones, F. R. S. has observell the same about Lisbon.\nA. 305. Papilio alba, subt\u00f9s viridi colore marmoreate foemina. The white marbied female Butterfly. Hoesnag. Tab. 6. Fig. 2. Moff. p. 106. Num. 5. (figured above Numb. 6.) id. Augl. 973. Jonst. Insect. Tab. 5.\nA. 306. Papilio albus, subr\u00f9s viridi colore marmoreatus mas: son maculis croceis ornatus. The white marbied male Butterfly. These appear in April and May, but are not very \nA. 307. Papilio oculis nigris, subt\u00f9s marmoreus. The black-ey'd marble Butterfly. I caught this the last Summer at Tunbridge, but have not yet observed it about London.\nA. 308. Papilio pratensis oculatus aureus. The golden Meadow, ey'd-Butterfly. Moff. 103. Num. 4. pag. 198. Jonst. Ins. 42. Num. 4. Tab. 6. Common in Meadows before mow\u2223ing.\nA. 309Papilio pratensis oculatus - The brown Meadow Butterfly with fuscus eyes. Common in May and June.\nA. 310 - Papilio aureo-fuscus oculatus, pupillis geminis - The lesser double-eyed Butterfly. Seen around Hedges in August.\nA. 311 - Papiliunculus aureus oculatus - The small Heath Butterfly. Common on Heaths from May to Autumn.\nA. 312 - Papilio oculatus ex aureo & fusco marmoreatus - The golden marbled Butterfly with black eyes. Moff. 104, N. 9 (figured against N. 10). id. Angl. 972. Mer. pin. 198. N. 10. Jonst. Ins. A. p. 42. N. 9. Tab. 6. id. Fr. an Hoef. Tab. 16. Fig. 8. I have encountered this from May to August, but not very common.\nA. 313 - Papilio medius omnino fuscus, plurimis oculis nigris in circulis lutetis subtus ornatus - The brown-eyed Butterfly with yellow circles. Rarely appears before August and is found in Meadows near Rivers.\nA. 314 - Papilio Oculus Pavonis dictus - The Peacock's Eye Butterfly. V. 1. p. 23. Fig. opt. 1. List. Fig. 1. Graf. V. 1. Tab. 26.A. 315. Papilio Testudinarius major - The greater Toroise-shell Butterfly. Goesett V. 1, p. 175. Tab. 77. Fig. opt. List. Fig. 3. A. 968. This often appears early and continues long, and is quite common in Gardens and Fields.\nA. 316. Papilio Testudinarius minor - The lesser Toroise-shell Butterfly. Goesett V. 1, p. 90. Fig. opt. 21. List. Fig. 2. Hoef. Tab. 2. Fig. opt. 16. Gr. V. 1, p. 89. Fig. 44. Moff. 101. Fig. 7. A. 969. This generally settles on Trees. I have observed it both in Spring and Autumn, yet not very common.\nA. 317. Papilio minor aureus, ex nigro permaculatus - The small golden black-spotted Meadow Butterfly. An. Hoeff. Tab. 13. Fig. 5. These are seen in Meadows about August and September.\nA. 318. Papiliunculus caeruleus, ocellis plurimis subtus elegantely sparsed - The blue-winged Papilionid with numerous blue spots beneath.The little Blew-Argus. These are frequently met with about Autumn on Heaths.\nA. 319. Papilio minor caerulescens, subtly striated. I never saw this, but with Mr. Ray, July 11, 1699. He was pleased to give it to me.\nA. 320. Papilio Fritillarius major, with subtly argentate spots. The greater silver-spotted Fritillary. Moffat 101. Fig. 10, against Num. 11, id. A. 969. Aldrovandi Insects 245, Tab. 7, Fig. 8 & 9, p. 246, id. Fi. 99, Tab. p. 97, Fig. I have not yet seen this in London; Dr. Scampton recently sent it to me from Leicestershire.\nA. 321. Papilio Fritillarius major, with subtly silver stripes. The greater silver-streaked Fritillary. I once encountered this in the Physick-Garden at Chelsea.\nA. 322. Papilio Fritillarius maculatus precocious. The April Fritillary. I observe this in Hampstead and other Woods around April.\nA. 323. Papilio Fritillarius tessellatus serotinus. The May Fritillary. Moffat 10, p. 106, Fig ult. id. A. 974. Found in the same Places with the last, but rarely before May.A. Papilio Fritillarius minor - Mr. Vernon's small Fritillary. Observed in Cambridgeshire and Homsey-Wood near London by Mr. Handley.\nA. Papiliunculus fuscus - Our brown Marsh Fritillary. Observed in a bog on Hampstead-Heath.\nA. Papilio eleganter variegat (agilis) - The Painted Lady. Also known as Moff. 101, Fig. 9, id. A. 169, an Goed. V. 3. Tab. 4. p. List. Fig. 6, Hoef. Tab. 7. Fig. 3. Settles on banks and dry ground, not common.\nA. Papilio major nigrescens tricolor (circulo fer\u00e8 sanaguineo ornatus) - The Goed. V. 1. Tab. 26. p. 96. Fig. opt: List. Fig. 4. Gr. V. 2. p. 81. Tab. 81. Fig. opt. Moff. 100. Num. 6. an? Hoef. Tab. 12. Fig. 15. Commonly found in gardens and sometimes in woods in August and September.\nA. Papilio major caudatus (ex nigro & luteo varie gatus) - The Royal William. Moff. 99. Fig. Dors. & L 968. Pap. diurn. max. 2. Mer. pin. 198. Hollar. Muscar. &c. Tab. 5. Fig.A. Papilionides pratensis minor, viridis - Our green Meadow Butterfly. I have observed this in several meadows where the grass is high.\n\nA. Papilionides virescens, maculis 5 miniatis ornatus - Phalena pratica 1. Moff. 97. Fig. id. A. 966. Jonst. Ins. p. 40. Tab. 6. Gr. V. 2. Tab. 17. p. 33. Aldrov. Ins. 250. Tab. 9. Fig. 22. p. 249. id. Fr. 100. Fig. 22. Tab. p. 97 - The greenish Leopard Moth with five scarlet spots. These are more common than the last and found in the same places.\n\nNote:\nA. 329. Papilionoides pratensis minor, viridis - Our green Meadow Butterfly. I have observed this in several meadows where the grass is high.\n\nA. 330. Papilionides virescens, maculis 5 miniatis ornatus - Phalena pratica 1. Moff. 97. Fig. id. A. 966. Jonst. Ins. p. 40. Tab. 6. Gr. V. 2. Tab. 17. p. 33. Aldrov. Ins. 250. Tab. 9. Fig. 22. p. 249. id. Fr. 100. Fig. 22. Tab. p. 97 - The greenish Leopard Moth with five scarlet spots. These are more common than the last and found in the same places.\n\nMr. Ray tells me he has observed this in the North of England, and the only one I have yet seen about London, was caught by my ingenious Friend Mr. Tilleman Bobart, in the Royal Garden at St. James's.The figures of most butterflies in Moffet are misplaced and set against the wrong descriptions. For instance, on page 100, the figures of the sixth butterfly are set against the description of number 7, and figure 7 is under it. Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are set against 9, 10, 11, 12, and so on, up to page 107.\n\n331. Abrotanum odoratissimum (Fumaria folio), from Emoy.\n332. Acacia Madraspatana (Buxi foliis, siliquis compressis).\n333. Acacia Madraspatana spinosa, Abrus folio, Fructu Acebis. [Note: Possible misspelling of \"Aceras\" for \"Acebis\" in the last word] or H. Mal. Vol. 6. Tab. 8 p. 15?\n333. Acer Madraspatana (Celastri folio, alis seminiferis simplicibus).\n335. Adhatoda Madraspatana (Lupuli capitulis).\n336. Adhatoda Madraspatana Nummulariae minore folio [Note: Possible misspelling of \"minor\" for \"minore\"] from Chamacea.\n337. Adhatoda Champaccae (Pneumonanthae folio). Gathered at Manambade Champacca, a place about Fort St. George.\n338. Adhatoda Madraspatana (spic\u00e2 long\u00e2 foliace\u00e2).\n339. Adhatoda affinis Champaccae (Chamedryos folio, subt\u00f9s villosum).These eight were sent me by the industrious botanist, my very ingenious friend, Mr. Samuel Brown, Surgeon, at Fort St. George.\n\n340. Adianthum nigrum (Madrasp.) Geranii Robertiani folio.\n341. Aegilops Javanica capitulis pilosis Roseis.\n342. Alcea Brasiliana folio angustissimo serrato.\n343. Alchemilla minima pubescens (at Capite Bonae Spei). This rare plant, with many others very curiously preserved, was sent to me from the Cape of Good Hope by Madam Margaretha Hendrina van Otteren (widow of the late excellent botanist Dr. Oldenland).\n344. Alsine (Madrasp.) fl. coeruleo.\n345. Anagallis purpurea Bursae Pastoris foliis minoribus (at Cap. Bonae Spei).\n346. Anomala Brasiliana fl. luteo capsul\u00e2 carinat\u00e2.\n347. Anomala Brasiliana floribus parvis, ex alis foliorum, longo tenuissimoque pediculo affixis. These last two, along with some others, were gathered on the Coast of Brasil by Mr. George Alfrey, Surgeon to my worthy friend Capt. Edmund Halley, in his late expedition to those and other parts.\n348. Apocynum (Madrasp.) Arb.[349. Camphor tree, with hairy, villous leaves.\n350. Tree of the Javan Orange, with narrower, aromatic Viscum leaves, spiked clusters of yellow stamens.\n351. Madraspolyanthus tree, with pentapetalous, rigid membranaceous flowers.\n352. Argentina Emuyaca, with ramosed, incised foliage. Mr. James Cuninghame, Surgeon, brought me this, and several others, from Emuy, a Chinese Island.\n353. Aster from Cap. Bonae Spei, with closely clustered, nascent leaves and a purple flower.\n354. Marian Aster, with Cnaeori foliage, saturated purple flowers. This Mr. Charles Coombs, Surgeon, brought me from Maryland.\n355. Marian Aster, perfoliate, with smaller, spiked flowers.\n360. Marian Aster, perfoliate, with fewer, larger flowers.]361. Calyculata Caryophylli aromatici folio. (Calculation of the aromatic Caryophyllus flower)\n362. Baccifera Madrasp. Myrti Laureae foliis perforatis, sed vix conspicuis. (Baccifera from Madras, of the Myrtle Laurel family, with perforated leaves, barely noticeable)\n363. Baccifera Madrasp. parva Reniformis, Vincae per vincae folio subtus molli. (Baccifera from Madras, small and reniform, with soft under-leaves of Vinca)\n364. Baccifera Mariana, Clemat. Daphnoid. minoris folio. (Baccifera from the Mariana Islands, of the Clematis Daphnoides family, with smaller leaves)\n365. Calamintha Mariana Alexiaca, summitatibus calycum lanosis. (Calamintha from the Mariana Islands, Alexiaca variety, with lanose calyces at the summit)\n366. Calendula \u00e8 Cap. Bonae Spei, fol Gramineo. (Calendula from the Cape of Good Hope, with straw-like leaves)\n367. Capparis fabago minor, \u00e8 Cap. B. S. fl. albo. (Capparis fabago minor from the Cape of Good Hope, with white flowers)\n368. Centaurium Caryophylloides frutescens, Hyperici foliis, \u00e8 Cap. B. S. (Centaurium Caryophylloides frutescens, with Hypericum foliage, from the Cape of Good Hope)\n369. Centaurium humile album, folio subrotundo, \u00e8 Capita Bonae Spei. (Centaurium humile album, with subrotund leaves, from Capita Bonae Spei)\n370. Centaurium minus, verticillatis floribus, Madraspat. (Centaurium minus, with verticillate flowers, from Madraspat)\n371. Centaurium minus, rubrum, caule alato, Madraspat. (Centaurium minus, rubrum, with winged stems, from Madraspat)\n372. Cerasus Madrasp. fol. latis cuspidatis. (Cherry from Madras, with broad, pointed leaves)\n373. Chamaepytis fl. carneo fol. angustiore integro, \u00e8 Cap. Bonae Spei. (Chamaepytis with carneous flowers and narrower, intact foliage, from the Cape of Good Hope)Chrysanthemum orientale foliis crispis. Collected at Fort St. David, given to me by my hearty friend Capt. John Conway.\n\nCinnaroides frutex, folio subrotundo, rigido, from Monte Tabulari.\nCitrus Madrasp. floribus parvis racemiferis, fructu Cassia-mumaris odore.\nCoccifera Madrasp. calyce magno, Staphylodendron Afri folio.\nCoccifera Madrasp. racemosa, Urucu folio molli flavescente.\nCoccifera Madrasp. Nucis Vomicae foliis longioribus.\nColutea siliquosa Madrasp. Mimosae foliis.\nConvolvuli capsula, Planta Madrasp. fol. latissimo cordatum subtus sericeo.\nCorallina alba capillacea, non geniculata, ramis tenuissimis. Given to me by Mr. Charlton, that most curious preserver of all rarities, both natural and artificial.\nCorallina capillacea non geniculata spermophoros. Given to me by Mr. Will. Vernon some time since.\nCoralloides ramosa, Cap. Bonae Spei, crust\u00e2 coccine\u00e2 obducta.\nCrotalaria Madrasp. Styracis foliis.sericeo ferrugineo, auriculas majores.\n385. Crotalaria Madraspatana, folio villosum, auriculas parvas, puras.\n386. Cyperus marianus, miliac paniculatus, villosus, speciosus.\n387. Cyperus marianus, glomerulus deorsum spectantibus. These two, with several other curious plants, my ingenious friend Dr. David Krieg, F.R.S. gathered in Maryland.\n388. Cytisus marianus, purpureus, erectus, capsula membranacea.\n389. Cytisus marianus, purpureus, supinus, capsula membranacea.\n390. Cytisus marianus, flores luteos densely congesti, pediculo nudum.\n391. Delphinii capsula, fruticulus ex Cap. Bonae Spei, folio angusto punctatum.\n392. Dens leonis, foliis dentatis et integris, ex Cap. B.S.\n393. Dens leonis, Enulae folio ex Cap. B.S.\n394. Dispermum Madraspatanum, Pneumenanthe folio.\n395. Erica, Cap. B.S., capitulus villosus subluteus.\n396. Erica, Cap. B.S., staminulae atro-purpureae ex capitulo albo villoso. Both these I received from that most curious person Dr. Frederik Ruysch, Anatomist and Botanist at Amsterdam.\n397.\n\n(Note: I have assumed that \"Cap.\" refers to \"Caput,\" Latin for head or capital, and \"B.S.\" refers to \"Bonae Spei,\" Latin for \"Good Hope,\" based on the context of the text. I have also assumed that \"folium\" or \"folio\" means leaf, \"capsula\" means capsule, \"auriculas\" means ears, \"major\" means larger, \"minor\" means smaller, \"purus\" means pure, \"luteus\" means yellow, \"densely congesti\" means densely crowded, \"nudum\" means naked, \"fruticulus\" means small shrub, \"ex\" means from, \"angusto\" means narrow, \"punctatum\" means punctuated, \"dentatus\" means toothed, \"integris\" means whole, \"dispermum\" means having two seeds, \"Pneumenanthe\" is a genus name, and \"staminulae\" means stamens. These assumptions may not be entirely accurate, but they are based on the context of the text and common botanical terminology.)Esula Mariana, white five-petaled flower.\n398. Eupatorium Marianum (Elichrysum Peruvianum), folio.\n399. Euphrasia (Madraspatana), Plantaginaceae family, with simple leaves. This, along with other medicinal plants, was sent to me from Fort St. George by my worthy and ingenious friend Mr. Edward Bulkley, Surgeon.\n400. Fegopyrum Chinense (Bistorta), folio, arrow-shaped, with spiniferous stems and roots.\n401. Fegopyrum Marianum, folio sagittatum, stems and rootlets spiniferous.\n402. Filix Emuyaca, pinnate leaves profusely branched and beautifully ornamented.\n403. Filix Emuyaca, pinnate leaves with entire and divided pinnae, margins seminiferous.\n404. Filix Javanica, pinnate leaves very narrowly divided.\n405. Fucus Dealensis, red-stemmed Pedicularis, folio. My ingenious friends Mr. Dandridge, Mr. Bonavert, and Mr. John Lufkin, Apothecary at Colchester, have all observed this elegant Fucus at Deal.\n406. Fucus Dealensis, fistulosus, resembling Laryngis. Found in the same place by the Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones and Mr. James Cuninghame, Surgeon.\n497. Gelsemium (Madraspatana), Colutea, folio, silique compressed and curved.\n408. Gelsemium (Madraspatana)siliquum tetragonum contortum, foliis cuspidatis. On H. Mal. V. 6. Tab. 26. p. 26.\n\nGenista Cap. Bonae Spei, foliis tenuissimis, fl. luteo majore.\nGenista Cap. Bonae Spei, foliis cuspidatis, fl. barbatis globosis (facie Frutex, Emuyacus).\nGladiolus Cap. Bonae Spei, flore minore purpureo, apicibus obsoletis.\nGladiolus Planta Mariana, flore singulari.\nGladiolus Narbonensis affinis Planta Mariana, floribus minores.\nGladiolus affinis, flore coeruleo odoratifermo, Capite Bonae Spei.\n\nGramen Marianum spicatum cristatum.\nGramen spicatum crisatum, duriusculum, Cap. B. S.\nGuavae fructu, Arbor Madrasp. foliis Fagi maximis.\nHedysarum triphyllum Marianum angustifolium.\nHedysarum triphyllum Marianum Trifolii Bituminosi.420. Hedysarum triphyllum scandens (Marianum, rotundifolium, auriculatum)\n421. Herba Paridis affinis (Marianum), round-leaved, ear-shaped, six-petaled, biform flowers. Hexagonal fruit, Madrasp. Iacae folio.\n422. Julifera Madrasp. (Coryli instar), tree with broad, subtus villous foliage. An H. Mal. Vol. 5. Tab. 22. p. 43?\n423. Juncus (Cap. Bon.), with dark brown, junciform panicules.\n424. Kadali (Emuyaca), tuberous, narrower foliage.\n425. Kadali (Malaccensis), with cinnamomi subtus molli foliage.\n427. Landonia argentea (Flores), with narrow, grayish-green foliage. My kind Friend Mr. Landon brought me this new plant from the Island of Flores.\n428. Laurus (Madrasp.), foliage resembling Vincae, majoris.\n429. Laurus (folio minore), tree, naked, globose fruit, E Madrasp.\n430. Linaria (Dracocephali folio), Cap. B. S.\n431. Lycium (Madrasp.), Celastri folio, gray-leaved.\n433. Mentastrum (Marianum Alexiacum), with grayish foliage.\n433. Methonicae (folio), Guineensis, racemiferous flowers.434. Moly humile, similar to Cap. BS. M. Dioscorides\n435. Muscus arboreus Norwegicus, Feniculaceus with longest stem, not branching\n436. Muscus Ceranoides, Palmensis with finger-like combs, also known as Orchil\n437. Muscus Coralloides, Tunbrigensis with blackish bracteoles\n438. Muscus Filicinus, perelegans with crisp leaves. Found last year on the rocks near Tunbridge.\n439. Olea Madraspatana, Celastri with large leaves\n440. Ornithogalum, Cap. BS. with yellow flowers\n441. Ornithogalum Marianum, Graminis with very small flowers\n442. Osmunda Mariana, Dryopteris with large leaves\n443. Pajomirioba Madraspatana, minor with silky seeds\n444. Palma Glandifera, Madraspatana, Chamerops with fan-shaped leaves\n445. Papilionaceous flowered Plant, Cap. BS. Taxus folio.\n446.[447. Perexil Champaccensis, fleshy heads, capillaceous leaf.\n448. Periclymenia, flower Frutex, Madrasp. Uviferae, American minor, leaf.\n449. Periclymenia, spiked flower, red, tubulose, Laurus folio rigid, Frutex Madrasp.\n450. Periplocae, fruit Lauraceras folio tenuorer Madrasp.\n451. Phaseolodes, spiked monospermic, calyx of Verticillatae plants, from Isle of Flowers. I am obliged to Mr. Landon for this singular plant.\n452. Phaseolus Marianus, Cajan face, Salviae leaf.\n453. Phaseolus Marianus, climbing, flowering comosely.\n454. Plant with Cap. BS foliage, carinate and punctate, white flower.\n455. Plant with Cap. BS white flower, tetrapetalous, Rerimarini leaf.\n456. Plant with Cap. BS densely flowered, Taxus minor foliage, apices spiniferous.\n457. Plant Javanica, laciniate and angulate, alternately positioned foliage.\n458. Plantago, strongly resembling Hieracii crisp foliage, squarrosely capitulated.]Polyanthos ramosissima, capillaceous leaves, minute flowers. (Plant is Cap. B. S.)\nPolygala Marianae, ramose, minute, spicate flowers.\nPolygala Marianae, white, densely spicate leaves.\nPolygala Marianae, ruby-red, spicate flowers.\nPolygonum Marianum, Linum Catharticum facie.\nPolypodium Malaccense, entire and lobed, maculatus leaves.\nPomifera Madrasp. Cassiae, calyx tetrapetal rose.\nPrunus Madrasp., angulose fruit, Laurus-perforated leaves.\nPrunus trifoliata Madrasp., larger calyx intact.\nPrunus Madrasp., Malus foliage, spiciform flowers.\nRapunculus galeatus, Arthemisiae foliage (Plant is Cap. B. S.)\nRapunculus, minute, croceus flowers (Cap. B. S.)\nRapunculus Centauroides, pentapetal, Marianus.\nRapunculus Centauroides, decapetal, Marianus, angustifolius.\nRhamnus Carolinianus, Balaustium foliage, subtus sericeum.\n\nMy dear friend Mr. Robert Rutherford, Surgeon, brought me from Carolina (Sanamunda is Cap. B. S.)Ilicis foli subtus incano.\n475. Sassafras, the Javanica tree's face, has trifid leaves.\n476. Madraspatra's siliquosus Frutex, or licorice, has alternating foliage.\n477. Spartium, with foliaceous capitulas, is from the Island of Flowers.\n478. Spengula, from Smirna, has a spongy, speciosa form and tenuous fibers. This Mr. William Clerk, Surgeon, brought me this.\n479. Starflower (Tartaria) from Cap. B. S. has angustior foliage.\n480. Terebinthus, from Madraspatra, has Visci foliage.\n481. Tetragono, an Arbor Madraspatra fruit-bearing tree, has Anacardium Orientalis foliage.\n482. Tetragono, an Arbor Madraspatra fruit-bearing tree, has Cassiae fistulae foliage.\n483. Thea Caroliniana, Lauro Cerasi foliage, was brought to me by Mr. Robert Rutherford, Surgeon.\n486. Thymelea, Cap. B. S., has angustior foliage in Sanamunda.\n487. Thymelea, Cap. B. S., has angustior foliage and a lanuginos capite in Rorismarini. These two last were sent to me by the celebrated Anatomist and Botanist Dr. Frederick Ruysch from Amsterdam.\n488. Thymelea, Cap. B. S.Rorismarini folio latiore et breviore, capite lanuginoso. This, along with many other very rare plants, my hearty Friend Mr. James Cuninghame brought me from the Cape of Good Hope.\n\n489. Thymelea Cap. B. S. Taxifoliis angustioribus.\n490. Thymelea Cap. B. S. Myrti minoris folio.\n491. Vaccinia Mariana Balaustii folio flore ruberrimo.\n492. Vaccinia Mariana Evonymi folio splendente.\n493. Vaccinia Marianae flore purpurescente staminoso.\n494. Vaccinia Marianae tubuloso flore majore. These, along with many other well-preserved Specimens, the Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones was pleased to send me from Maryland.\n\n495. Vanilliae facie siliquae Frutex Madrasp. folio cuspidatis.\n496. Vasculifera viscosa calyce majore, Cap. B. S. Planta foliis Leucanthemi villosis.\n497. Verbenaca Taxi foliis minoribus, flore speciosiore stamibus lanuginosis Cap. B. S.\n498. Um-ki Chineusibus. Frutex Cynosbati fructu alato tinctorio, barbis longioribus coronatis. Collected by my ingenious Friend Mr. James Cuninghame, Surgeon.The Fruit of this is a famed ingredient, used by the Chinese for dying scarlet.\n\n499. Urtica marianna, spicately specious and prolonged.\n500. Xeranthemum speciosum, from Cap. B. S. flower album maximum. I received this elegant plant from my honored friend Dr. Frederick Ruysch, Botanical Professor at Amsterdam.\n\n1. Mr. George Alfrey, Surgeon to Captain Halley in his late expedition, was kind enough to make me some plant collections on the coast of Brasil.\n2. Mr. Edward Barter, at Cape Coast in Guinea. From this person I recently received 3 or 4 quires of plants, with some medicinal roots, &c.\n3. Mr. Jacob Bobart, Botanical Professor of the Physick-Garden at Oxford, has favored me with some plants I had not before seen.\n4. Mr. Samuel Browne, Surgeon at Fort S. George in the East-Indies.I am indebted to the tireless industry of this worthy and generous person for his large and frequent contributions. He not only gathers materials for me but also employs several people to collect specimens from places we have never seen before. Many of these he has labeled with their Indian names and the virtues of those known to have any.\n\nThis year (in addition to several previous ones), I have received nearly 20 volumes in folio, filled with fair and perfect specimens of trees and herbs, some of which are from China and the Island of Ceylon. He has also established a correspondence with various ingenious persons residing in remote areas. I would heartily encourage my other friends to do the same.\n\nAnother ingenious surgeon at the same place is Mr. Edward Bulkley.A person recently sent me three volumes of Medicinal Plants from Tonqueen, including their names and properties. I also received seeds and a Pharmacopoeia from there, as well as promises of annual collections from various parts of India and those growing near him.\n\nFather George Camelli, a learned Jesuit, has transmitted to Mr. Ray and me the designs of rare Medicinal Plants and a detailed account of their virtues, uses, and so on, as he has experienced and observed them in the Philippine Islands where he resides. Some of these have already been published, and we hope for more from him.\n\nMr. William Clerk, a surgeon, brought me recently plants and seeds from Turkey.\n\nCapt. John Conway, my hearty and kind friend, not only took care of several collections but also sent me plants and collections from Fort St. George, the Cape of Good Hope, and so on.Procured me some Quires of Plants from Fort St. David, which is about 50 leagues SW from Madras. Mr. Charles Combs, Surgeon, collected plants and some insects for me at Calabar on the Coast of Africa, as well as others. Mr. James Cuninghame, Surgeon, a learned and industrious promoter of natural philosophy, and extremely well qualified for such a design, made observations on most of the plants he had observed in a recent voyage to China. He collected at the following places: 1. Palma, one of the Canary Islands; 2. Batavia in the Island of Java; 3. Emuy and Colonshu, two Chinese islands. He also procured me paintings of nearly 800 plants in their natural colors, with their names and virtues for many of them. In his return, he visited the Straits of Malacca, the Cape of Good Hope, and the Island of Ascension, among other places.My friend John Foe, a surgeon, previously sent me a collection of plants he gathered at the Cape of Good Hope, as well as shells from there and three quires of plants from the Bay of Bengal. The Reverend Hugh Jones, a curious person in all areas of natural history, particularly fossils, sent me some fossils from Maryland, along with several volumes of finely preserved plants, insects, and shells. He has promised to send me frequent remittances of whatever those areas yield, including animals, fossils, and vegetables. Jezreel Jones, a worthy and kind gentleman, collected a large number of plants during his one-year stay in Portugal, acting as secretary to his excellency.Methwyn, our envoy, made significant collections of plants every month for me, which he carefully preserved. He sent me a large number of insects, some of which were new to me and unknown in England. Along with these, he included various shells and fossils he encountered, as well as some unusual reptiles.\n\nIt would be wonderful if the enthusiasm and industry of this inquisitive person were emulated by other curious gentlemen who may travel or reside in more remote areas.\n\n14. Mr. Roleston Jacobs. This young gentleman gathered curious shells for me from the Spicy and neighboring islands, most of which were both beautiful and uncommon.\n\n15. Mr. Walter Keir. I am indebted to this ingenious surgeon for some plants and other specimens he sent me from Jebore in the Straits of Malacca. I eagerly await further contributions from him.\n\n16. Dr.David Krieg, a German physician and Fellow of the Royal Society, made remarks on this island's natural productions and painted observations. He then embarked on a voyage to Maryland, returning with new discoveries. Krieg's talents in designing, painting, etching, and other qualifications enhanced his medical expertise, which included proficiency in physick, anatomy, botany, chemistry, and natural philosophy.\n\nMr. Sylvanus LandonI am obliged to this worthy gentleman and ingenious surgeon for several plants he brought me from Cales, Alicant, Carthagena, and other ports in Spain, and later from the Island of Borneo in the East-Indies, as well as some very curious serpents from there. He recently presented me with well-preserved samples of trees, herbs, and so on, that he observed on the Island of Flores in a recent voyage. He also procured me the remains of Dr. Oldenland's collections at the Cape of Good Hope, along with various reptiles, such as serpents, lizards, and so on, from that luxuriant promontory.\n\nI am very much obliged to Mr. George London, His Majesty's Gardener, who was pleased to present me with two volumes of dry plants, carefully preserved and collected at Maryland by my worthy friend the Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones.\n\nMr. Henry PasmoreThis Reverend Person kindly sent me some Plant collections from Jamaica, promising more, which I'm sure he would have fulfilled had he not died.\n\n20. Mr. RICHARD PLANER, Surgeon. This ingenious and hearty Friend made me previous Plant, Shell, and Insect collections at Mount Serrado on the African coast. In a recent voyage, he obtained more Collections and some very curious Insects from the coast of Carthagena.\n\n21. From Madam MARGARETHA HENDRINA van OTTEREN, Widow of the late most curious Botanist and Physician, DrOldenland, at the Cape of Good Hope, I have recently received the complete Specimens of several Plants, beautifully Preserved, and many of them such as I had not seen before. I am extremely obliged to this generous Benefactress, not only for these I have already received from her (and those formerly from her Learned Husband), but also for her kind Promises, in continuing to send me over whatever Plants that Fertile Promontory produces, along with Shells, Insects, Reptiles, and Fossils.\n\nMr. John Ray. To this most celebrated and worthy Author I am indebted for many Favors, and particularly last Summer, when I was with him, for some English Insects he was pleased to give me, which I had not seen before.\n\nMr. Robert Rutherford, Surgeon. This hearty Person and kind Friend gathered me several Plants in Carolina, along with some Insects and Shells he observed there.He has obliged some curious persons residing there as I desired, to maintain a constant correspondence with me.\n\n24. Dr. FREDERICK RUYSCH, Anatomist and Botanist Professor in Amsterdam. To this most curious person, I am extremely obliged for several uncommon Retiles, Insects, &c. which he was pleased to favor me with in the past; and since then, I have received from him various Exotic Plants, some of which I had not before or since seen.\n\n25. Mr. STOCKER. This kind person (and altogether a Stranger) was pleased to bring me a collection of Shells, which he had picked up in the Bay of Bengal. Among them were some very Curious.\n\n26. Mr. ALEX. SYMPSON, Surgeon. This Gentleman was so kind lately to present me with the samples of some Plants, very well Preserved, which he had observed about Gallipoli in Apulia.\n\n27. Dr. PITTON TOURNEFORT, Physician, one of the Royal Academy of Sciences, and Botanist Professor of the Royal Garden at PARIS.I am indebted to this celebrated botanist for some Alpine and Pyrenean plants he recently sent me, and I eagerly await further collections from him, as promised.\n\nMr. Richard Wheeler, my dear friend, has been sending me plants and insects from Long-Sound in Norway for many years. Many of the former are rare in Britain, found only in the north of England, while some of the latter are new to me.\n\nP.S. I hope the generous examples of these curious persons will inspire and motivate others to collect specimens for me while traveling abroad or residing in foreign parts. Preserving all animals, vegetables, and fossils is effortlessly accomplished according to my published instructions, which I am willing to share with anyone who collects for me. This includes both common and rare species.From my House in Aldergate-street, London, August 31. 1699.\n\nYour most obliged and humble Servant, James Petiver.\n\nPlants, Shells, Insects, Fossils, etc. will be highly acceptable to me and shall, on all Occasions, be gratefully acknowledged.\n\nLondon, Printed for Sam. Smith and B. Walford, at the Princes Arms in S. Pauls Church yard. 1699.\n\nAmmoniacum, Asa Foetida, Balm of Gilead or Opopanax, Bdellium, Benjarain, Calambac or Columbine Wood, Camphire, Cardamoms, Carpobalsamum, Cassia, Cassia Amara, Cubebs, Frankincense or Thus, Galangal, Galbanum, Gamboge, Ginseng-Root, Gum Arabic, Gum Lacca or Lack, Gum Sarcocoll.\n\nFrom the East Indies.\n\nGum Sagapenum, Hermodactyls, Lignum Aloes or Agallochum, Lignum Aspa, Lignum Colubrinum, Lignnm Nephriticum, Mirobalan: Bellerica, Mirobalan Chebula, Mirobalan.Mirobalan, Indae, Myrrh, Notmeg-Tree, Nux Vomica, Olibanum, Opopanax, Black-Pepper, Long-Pepper, Poco Sempie, Rhubarb, Sanguis Draconic, Saunders (White and Yellow), Schaenanth (or Sweet-Rush), Spica Nardi Indicae (or Spikenard), Worm-Seed, Zedoary, Balsam Coepevae, Balsam Peru (or Natural Balsam), Balsam Tolu, Contrayeeva-Root, Cortex (or Sweet Bark) to perfume, Tobacco, Cort (Peru or Jesuite-Bark), Ebony-Wood, Fustick Wood, Gum Anime, Gum Cacanna, Gum Copal, Gum Elemi, Gum Seneca, Nicaraga-Wood, Log-Wood, Mechoacan, Red Saunders, Sarsaparilla, Styrax Liquida, Tacamahac, Tramboon-Bark, Vanilloes.\n\nSpecimens, i.e. Branches of any of these Drugs, will be very acceptable. Most especially those with the mark [\u2021] prefixed, as they are yet altogether unknown. Complete Specimens, i.e. Samples of their Leaves, Flowers and Fruit, are most particularly desired, and will highly oblige your most humble Servant,\n\nJames Petiver.A Jacobo Pritver, Ph.D., R.S.S.\n501. Papilio albus, apices nigris, subtus elegantius maculatus, from Carthagena. This Papilio was brought to me by my ingenious friend Mr. Richard Planer, Surgeon, from the West-Indies.\n502. Papilio alpinus, albo nigroque variegatus, iride rubente oculatus. This Mr. Richard Wheeler brought me from Norway; the same I saw with the most calibrated Dr. John Ray, who long since observed it about the Alps.\n503. Papilio lusitanus sulphureus, coloris superius fusus. First observed about Lisbon by that curious person Mr. Jeand; lately at Leghorn by Mr. Robert Barkley, Surgeon.\n503. Papilio marianus minor-luteus, extremis supernis nigris. This Mr. Charles Coombs brought me from Maryland.\n505. Papilio caudatus luteus, maximus, Virginianus, limbis striisque nigris. This diurnal Papilio, with its largest size, flavescent in the greater part, nearly black in the remainder. Mer. pin. 198. Papilio diurnus max. 1. Moff. 98. fig. id. Angl. 967. Papilio 1. Moff. Jonst. Insect. Amst. p. 37. Tab. 5 & 7. id, Francof.Tab 4 Fig 1.\nMoffer's great yellow and black Virginia Butterflies. I received this from Hezekiah Usher in Boston, New England, and later from several other parts on the American continent.\n\n506. Papilio caudatus Chinensis nigro et luteo pallescente variegatus. This and the next are likely Male and Female. (Note: In Pap. Hist. Nat. Chin. Tab. 3 Fig. 1)\n507. Papilio caudatus Chinensis ex nigro et fulvo variegatus. These, along with several others, were brought to me by James Cuninghame from Emuy on the Chinese coast.\n508. Papilio caudatus Marianus fuscus, striis pallescentibus, lineis et maculis sanguineis subtus ornatus. The Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones sent me this and several others from Maryland.\n509. Papilio caudatus Jamaicensis nigrescens, utrinque ex viridi aureo splendide striatus. Patrick Rattray brought me this from Jamaica some time ago.\n510.\n\n(Note: Papilio caudatus refers to the Swallowtail Butterfly)Papilio Javanicus, deeply fuscal below, golden above, edged with white spots on both sides. Observed in Batavia, Java, by my ingenious friend, Mr. James Cuninghame, Surgeon.\n\nPapilio Guineensis and Ind. Orientalis, nigrescens, oculatus, with orange-yellow edges, interspersed with white spots on both sides. The Guinea-Hen-Butterfly. Brought to me from the Indies by Mr. Charles Perry, Surgeon, and also seen from the Coast of Guinea by myself.\n\nPapilio seu Oculus Pavonis Marianus, fimbriatus luteolens, marginatus. (Hoef. Tab. 3. Fig. 2. Lateral. Ejusd. Tab. 6. Fig. 3. Dorsal. Jonst. Insect. Amst. Tab. 5. Fig. Dors. & Lat.) The Marianus Peacock's Eye from Maryland, yellow-brimmed.\n\nPapilio Marianus, both sides fuscal, paler yellowish above, two-eyed. The brown double-eyed Butterfly from Maryland.\n\nPapilio Prutenicus, fuscus, with flexions and spots of white and gold, varied in colors beneath. The septennial Prussia Butterfly.Jacobus Breynius, the renowned botanist, sent me this from Prussia, where he reports they appear only once every seven years.\n\n515. Papilio mexicanus nigrescens, lined with luteous, notably marked with a noticeable golden hue. My dear friend Mr. John Kirckwood, Surgeon, caught this elegant butterfly at La Vera Cruz in the Bay of Mexico.\n\n516. Papilio minor aureus, with black-tipped wings that are transparent, observed for the first time at Capit\u00e1n Bona-Spei. Mr. Stonestreet and then Mr. Cuninghame noticed it there.\n\n517. Papilio from Carthagena, ornate with yellow and green beneath, marked with numerous black spots, two of which are scarlet. Mr. Richard Planer, an ingenious Surgeon, caught this beautiful butterfly at Carthagena in America.\n\n518. Papilio javanicus calendulaceus, or Pap. fuscus flavo mixtus, with subdued humeral red. This rare butterfly was caught by Mr. Cuninghame near Batavia.\n\n519. Papilio exoticus aureus, elegantly speckled with silver and black beneath.I received this some time ago from Dr. Frederick Ruysch, the accurate Physician and Botanist from Amsterdam.\n\n520. Papilio Rigensis aureus minor, marked with silver spots beneath. I recently obtained this from Dr. David Krieg, Fellow of our Royal-Society, who observed it around Riga.\n\n521. Papilio Marianus Fritillaricus nigrescens, elegantly banded with three bands beneath. Dr. David Krieg, F.R.S., a curious person in these matters, observed this, along with many others, in Maryland.\n\n522. Papilio caudatus Marianus maximus nigrescens, with orange spots, simply adorned beneath.\n\n523. Papilio Novae Angliae caudatus, larger, black, with orange spots surrounding, shining with a bluish-green base from New England. I first received this from Boston, and more recently from Carolina, through Mr. Robert Rutherford, Surgeon.\n\n524. Papilio Marianus nigrescens caudatus, with orange spots in a double series beneath, curved.\n\n525.Papilio Novae Angliae aurantiacus, with white spots and narrow black edges. Mr. Benjamin Bullivant sent me this, caught by Mr. Hezekiah Usher, in Boston, New-England.\n\nPapilio Marianus aurantiacus, with white spots and broad black edges. This and the previous I take to be Male and Female.\n\nPapilio Carolinianus rufescens, with black edges and white spots. Mr. Robert Rucherford Surgeon brought me this from Carolina.\n\nPapilio Carolinianus rufescens, with black edges and white spots, two-spotted. I suppose this and the previous are Male and Female.\n\nPapilio Palmensis rufescens, noted for its red-brown wings and white spots. Mr. James Cuninghame sent me this from Palma, one of the Canary Islands.\n\nPapilio Mexicanus, with black superior wings and orange-yellow inferior wings, spotted with ochre-yellow and white. My hearty Friend Mr. John Kirckwood Surgeon brought me this and No. 515 from Mexico.Spongia ramosissima Marilandica rufescens\n532. Fungus Typhoides palustris niger (from Riga, sent by Dr. David Krieg, Physician and Fellow of our Royal-Society)\n533. Muscus denticulatus Caledonicus major perelegans (brought from the Scots Settlement at Darien by my worthy Friend Mr. Archibald Stewart, Surgeon)\n534. Muscus denticulatus major volubilis (from Capite Mantis Serado, presented to me recently by Mr. Richard Planer, Surgeon)\n535. Muscus Lycopoides denticulatus scandens (in extremities ramis ramulosus, polyspermus, from Jehore, sent by Mr. Walter Keir)\n536. Muscus denticulatus Emuyac minor erectus (amongst many other very rare Plants, brought me from Emuy, an Island on the Coast of China by my indefatigable Friend Mr. James Cuninghame, Surgeon)\nFilix Emuyaca Plantaginis aquatilisfolio caule nigricante.\n538. Scolopendria is the Cap. Bonae-Spei Phytilidis minor, folio.\n539. Scolopendria Malaccensis with simple and winged foliage.\n540. Scolopendroides maxima Musae with alternating foliage.\n541. Phyilitis Emuyaca major, ramosa.\n542. Filix maxima Pelypodii with maculis seminiferis duplici serie lineatis.\n543. Filix Malaccensis with longest pinnis integris, nervo medio pulverulento. Is Lonchitis near the nerve pulverulenta (Flum. p. 20. fig. 29)?\n544. Filix Emuyaca with longest pinnis integris, margins pulverulento.\n545. Filix Emuyaca with larger pinnis denticulatis.\n546. Filix non ramosa, elatior seminibus aciniferis.\n547. Filix Emuyaca with pyramidalibus serratis pinnis, maculis in nervum oppositis. I am very much obliged to my aforesaid kind Friend Mr. James Cuninghame for these and the ten last, as well as several others.\n548. Filix Mariana minor, foliis biformibus, marginibus pulverulentis.\n549. Filix Emuyaca foemina with Lonchitidis pinnulis.\n550. Filix Emuyaca foemina with narrower, subtus glaucis pinnulis.Filix bimaculata, is the Cap. Benae-Spei fern with dentated pinnules.\n552. Filix, or the Caledonica Peucedani, has barely dentated foliage. This rare plant was obtained at the Scottish Settlements at Darien and was recently given to me by my generous friend Dr. James Wallace.\n553. Filix Caledonica, whose pinnules resemble the wings of Pisces, was also given to me by the same hand as the previous, and both were gathered by my aforementioned ingenious friend Mr. Archibald Stewart, Surgeon.\n554. Filix Chinensis, known as Poco Sempie or the Lanugo Radicis of Lonchitis Maxima, is depicted in Kim-ka (i.e., Canis aurei crines) Herb. nost. Chinens. pict. Tab. 10. Fig. 8. Poco sempie Mus. Regal. Soc. 386.\n555. Lonchitis maxima, with an Oleander leaf.\n556. Os Mariana, with a flowering stem, has a dry folio in the middle.\n557. Secale Madraspatan, with a larger, gracile spike.\n558. Gramen Secalinum Marilendicum, with a looser arrangement of grains.\n559. Gramen Madraspatan, whose locustoe is spian? (question mark in original), is described in Tsjama-pullu H. Mal. Vol. 12. Tab. 41. p. 75.\n560. Panicum Madraspatan, perelegans with elongated seeds.Panicum Marianum aristatum, spica longi multiplici congesta. (Panicum Marianum: Aristate panicled Marianum)\n562. Panicum Madraspat, grano et spica rarior. (Panicum Madraspat: Rare grain and spike of Panicum Madraspat)\n563. Milium Madraspat, spica simplex praeteneue. (Milium Madraspat: Prematurely simple spike of Milium Madraspat)\n564. Milium Madraspat, aristatum, foliis et panicula vilis. (Milium Madraspat: Aristate Milium Madraspat with vilous leaves and panicled)\n565. Milium Madraspat, panicula non aristatum laeve. (Milium Madraspat: Milium Madraspat with non-aristate and smooth panicled)\n566. Milium Marianum locustis Avenaceis purpureis, staminulis luteis. (Milium Marianum: Millet with purple locusts and yellow staminules, brought from Maryland by Mr. William Vernon, Fellow of Peter-House in Cambridge)\n567. Sesamum Frumentaceum Madraspat, spica simplex cirrosa. (Sesamum Frumentaceum Madraspat: Simple cirrhus-tipped spike of Sesamum Frumentaceum Madraspat)\n568. Sesamum Frument. Madraspat, ramosis, spica simplex Phaenicoides. (Sesamum Frument. Madraspat: Phaenicoid spike of ramose Sesamum Frument. Madraspat)\n569. Sesamum granulosum majus Madraspat, spica multplici. (Sesamum granulosum majus Madraspat: Sesamum granulosum majus with multiple spikes)\n570. Sesamum granulosum bicorne minus, Madraspatanum. (Sesamum granulosum bicorne minus: Lesser bicorne Sesamum granulosum from Madraspatan) [An? Tereta-pullu H. Mal. Vol. 12. Tab. 44. p. 81.]\n571. Dactylon Madraspat, pumilum, spicis geminis crassis. (Dactylon Madraspat: Dactylon Madraspat with thick, geminate spikes) [An? Gramen Col. Ecph. 339. fig. & deser. opt. Gr. parvum Gangeticum spica gemell\u0101 habitiori Pluk. Phyt. Tab. 91. Fig. 6.]\n572. Dactylon Borneocum bicorne, spica serice\u0101 ferrugine\u0101 aristatum. (Dactylon Borneocum bicorne: Aristate, silky-ferruginous spiked Dactylon Borneocum) (My very worthy Friend, Mr)Sylvanus Landon brought me from Borneo.\n\n573. Dactylon, named Madraspat. Faced with a mannish appearance, seed-like, covered in hair-like pilose. (Gr. Mannae facie, seminibus Cilii instar pilosis)\n574. Schoenanthus major, named Madraspat. Rosy glumes.\n575. Schoenanthus, named Madraspat. With a larger panicle, spikes villose, geminate. (an? Kodi-pullu H. Mal. V. 12. Tab. 57. p. 107)\n576. Schoenanthus, named Madraspat. With a smaller panicle, spikes villose, geminate. (an? Pluk. Phyt. Tab. 119. Fig. 2)\n577. Schoenanthus Avenaceus, procumbent, named Madraspat. With a bulbrous face.\n578. Amourettes, larger, named Guineensis. With a more impressive panicle. (Mr. Edward Bartar gathered this about Cape-coast in Guinea)\n579. Amourettes, named Madraspat. With a simple, Loliaceous spike. (Mr. Samuel Brown Surgeon, sent me this curious Grass with many others from Fort St. George)\n580. Arundo Mariana. With a dark, silky plume.\n581. Gramen Arundinaceum, named Marilandicum. With a millet-like panicle, sparsely scattered.\n582. Bromos, named Mariana. With a short, aristate spike, not branched. (Mr. Charles Combs Surgeon, gathered me this in Maryland)\n583. Bromos, named Madraspat. With a contracted, aristate spike.\n584. Aegilops. With hard, durable capitules, long spikes.Gramen Festucae capitulis duris spica longa or longer, Bot. Monsp. alt. Gramen - The grass of Festucae with hard, long spikes, Botanical Garden of Montpellier, height unknown. I first observed this in our Physick Garden at Chelsea, and have since received it from the celebrated botanist, Dr. Tournefort.\n\nGramen Madraspatanum minus, Eryngii capitulis. - Gramen from Madraspatan, with smaller Eryngium heads.\n\nGramen Citratum fragrantissimum, from Madraspatan. - Gramen Citratum, the most fragrant, from Madraspatan.\n\nCyperus paniculatus maximus squammosus, from Prom. mentis Serado. - Cyperus with the largest paniculate inflorescence covered in hairs, from Prom. mentis Serado. (Citation: Ira H. Mal. V 12. Tab. 55. p. 103) Gathered by my hearty friend Mr. Richard Planer, Surgeon.\n\nCyperus Marianus paniculatus speciosissimus aureus. - Cyperus Marianus with the most beautiful golden paniculate inflorescence.\n\nCyperus longus Madraspatanus paniculatus rufescens speciosissimus. - Cyperus longus from Madraspatan, with a reddish, most beautiful paniculate inflorescence.\n\nCyperus Madraspatanus maximus paniculatus cristatus latior. - Cyperus Madraspatanus with the wider, crisped paniculate inflorescence.\n\nCyperus Madraspatanus maximus paniculatus contractus. - Cyperus Madraspatanus with the contracted paniculate inflorescence.\n\nCyperus Filicinus medius paniculatus sparsus, from Madraspatan. - Cyperus Filicinus medius with sparse paniculate inflorescence, from Madraspatan.\n\nCyperus Filicinus medius paniculatus comosus, from Madraspatan. - Cyperus Filicinus medius with curly paniculate inflorescence, from Madraspatan. (Citation: H. Mal) V. 12. Tab. 54. p. 101.\n594. Cyperus Filicinus pumilus elegans ab Emuy.\n595. Cyperus Marianus capitulis Conoidibus, sqammis membranaceis.\n596. Cyperus Miliaceus Madraspat. maximus, folio supra pa\u2223niculam latissimo.\n597. Cyperus Madraspat. pumilus capite squarroso.\n598. Cyperus Madraspat. minimus Xanthoides.\n599. Juncus Madraspat. fer\u00e8 tricephalos, squammis torti\u2223libus dentatis.\n600. Juncus Madraspat. Equiseti capitulis major.\n601. Acacia Bengalensis Bonduch folio, siliquis dorso nervo\u2223sis. My kind Friend Mr. John Foxe Surgeon, gathered this in the Bay of Bengale, and I have since received it from Mr. Edward Bulkley at Fort St. George.\n602. Agrifolium Marianum foliis latioribus breviori\u2223busque.\n603. Alectorolophus Marianus foliis tantum serratis, fl. albido.\n604. Alypum \u00e8 Prement. Bonae Spei foliis minimis. That worthy Bot Frederick Ruysch Physician at Amsterdam sent me this amongst some other curious Plants from the Cape of Good-Hope.\n605. Ambrosiae affinis \u00e8 Madraspatan. Persicariae folio.\n606Anagallis Mariana lutea, leaves broad and star-shaped.\n607. Autirrhinum Marianum Majorana, broad leaf.\n608. Apocynum Marianum, yellow, broad, and subincised leaf.\n609. Apocynum Marianum, with extremely narrow and star-shaped leaves, erect, not branching, Rorismarini, umbels of white flowers, D. Banister, Rai, H. Pl. 1926.\n610. Tree of Salawaccensis, laurel-leaved, fruit with long, terminating filament, flower emerging from a pouch. Collected near Salawacka about thirty miles from Fort St. George, sent to me by the industrious Botanist Mr. Samuel Brown, Surgeon.\n611. African Aster dwarf, long-leaved, and blue. Obtained under this name by my worthy friend Mr. Jacob Bobart from Oxford.\n612. Marian Aster, with small, spiked flowers and extremely narrow leaf.\n613. Salawaccensis Astragalus, with smooth leaves and smooth pods.\n614. Marian Baccharis, from the leaves of Dipsaci minor.\n615. Marian Baccharis, from the leaves of Inguinalis.\n616. Marian Baccharis, from the leaves of Persicae.\n617. Carolina Baccharis, capreolata, from the leaves of Pistacia folio. an? Quauhmecatl, sea Sarsaparilla 2. Hernand. p. 289. Fig. This I first observed in Mr. Darby's Garden at Hoxton.\n618. Baccifera Madraspat. Castaneae folio non crenato. My worthy Friend Mr. Edward Bulkley Surgeon, sent me this from Fort St. George.\n619. Baccifera Madraspat. Reniformis major, Cassiae fistulae minoris folio.\n620. Baccifera dispermos Madraspat. lanosa, folio pyra\u2223midali.\n621. Baccifera Madraspat. Ribis more, floribus Muscosis Juli instar. an? Tsjeriam cottam, H. Mal. Vol. 5. Tab. 11. Fig. 21. Raii H. Plant. 1196.\n622. Battatas flore, Frutex Marianus Lauri folio. This with many other curious Plants, and very well preserved, the Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones my worthy Friend sent me from Maryland.\n623. Berberidis facie, Arbor Madraspat. foliis non serratis. an? Tsjerou-Canelli H. Mal. V. 5. Tab. 50. p. 99. Raii H. Pl. 1499.\n624. Buglossam polyanthos Chiense fol. longiore. This my hearty and kind Friend Mr. Samuel Daniel Surgeon, brought me from the Island of Scio, I have also seen it with Mr624. Capparis Madraspatana (Balanstii)\n625. Capparis Zeylanica (duplicatis acutospinis) - Received from Dr. Herman in Zeylon, via Jacobus Breynius\n626. Capparis (Caparidis facie) Madraspatana, fruit with geminate spines\n627. Celastrus folio glauco (Arber, also known as Prom. B Lepelhout) - Received recently from Dr. Fred. Ruysch in Amsterdam\n628. Chrysanthemum Madraspatanum (foliis trifidis)\n629. Chrysanthemum Marianum (Scrophulariae folio, caule alato) - Brought from Maryland by the ingenious Dr. Krieg, who calls it Stickweed\n630. Clematis Marianum (foliis subrotundis & trifidis)\n631. Coccifera Madraspatana (Caparidis facie spinosa, fructu Umbellifero modo nascenti)\n632. Coccifera Baxi (foliis oblongis & subrotundis, fructu cuspidato calyce amplo) - From Madraspatan\n633. Columellee (Planta Madraspatana, with labiate flowers conglomerated to a radicle) I am extr Edward Bulkley Surgeon, at Fort St. George, for a farther information of this singular Plant.\n634. Convolvuli capsula Frutex Madraspat. U\n635. Crista Pavanis auriculata non spinosa siliquis Mem\u2223branaceis \u00e8 Madraspatan.\n636. Erica Pr floribus albidis, staminulis rubris.\n637. Erica carnea Prom. Bonae Spei foliis & floribus vil\u2223losis.\n638. Esula Mariana flore singulari, longo pediculo af\u2223fixo.\n639. Euphrasia Madraspat. Melachiae folio, floribus verti\u2223cillatis.\n640. Fagara Emuyaca Cardamomi sapore, ramulis & medio nervo foliorum utrinque spinosis. an? Fagara minor \nHist. Nat. Ital. 676. Fig. This in many things seems very well to agree with the Description and Figure of the Fagara minor, which the Reverend and Learned Father George Camelli sent Mr. Ray and me from the Philippine Islands where its called Cayutana. I am highly obliged to the indefatigable Indu\u2223stry of my very worthy Friend Mr. James Cuninghame Surgeon, for a specimen of this noble Plant.\n641. Fagus Mariana foliis acuminatis serratis.\n642Ficoides Africana, folio crasso muricato. I observed this strange plant in the Garden of the Reverend and my much obliged friend Dr. Uvedal at Enfield, among several others of this species he had recently received from the industrious promoter of botany, Dr. Caspar Commelin at Amsterdam.\n\nFlos solis Marianus, foliis binis angustissimis scabris.\nFlos solis Marianus, foliis alternis augustissimis scabris.\n\nFoenum Graecum majus, from Sa'awacka.\n\nGeranium Africanum, Quinquefolii Tormentillae facie. I observed this on May 9, 1697, in the Right Reverend the Bishop of London's Garden at Fulham.\n\nGnaphalium odoratum, Prom. B. S. floribus exiguis albis capitulo congestis.\n\nHedysarum trifoliatum, Madraspatanum, Lujulae folio, Ferri Equini siliquis.\n\nHedysarum trifol. Madraspat. siliquis membranaceis asperis. Mr. Edward Bulkley, Surgeon, sent me this and the last one very recently from Fort St. George, among several other curious plants, and very well preserved.\n\nHermannia, Institut. Rei Herbariae. HThis elegant plant, with exiguous and lutescent, tortile calyx, flourished abundantly last summer in the garden of my much honored friend Mr. John Watt at Enfield.\n\n651. Imperatoria Ranunculoides minor, is Prom. Bonae Spei. I recently received this from the worthy botanist Dr. Fred. Ruysch at Amsterdam.\n\n652. Laurustinus, Prom. Bonae Spei, Oleae folio. Known as Slangerhout vulgarly.\n\n652. Lens palustris, Roris Solis foliis cordatis. Observed by my Reverend Friend Mr. Adam Buddle in some ponds about Henley in Suffolk.\n\n653. Ledum glabrum, with subtus intortis & lanugine ferrugineis foliis, is from Terra Nova. Mr. Will. Hay Surgeon found this elegant shrub in flower on June 24, 1699, at old Pellicant Harbour in Newfound-Land.\n\n655. Lino affinis polycarpos, is Marian. Has Satureiae foliis.\n\n656. Lotodendron, Madraspatan, folio longiore pubescente.\n\n657. Lychnis Indica, has Gentianae foliis Febrifuga. Giritilla, from Zeylonensis. Dr. Herman, the incomparable botanist, gave this plant to Dr. Lecaan, from whom I had it.Malva frutescens flowers with a carnation-colored base and purple petals. I observed this with my friend Dr. Uvedale at Enfield.\n\nMango sylvestris, Madraspat, with a cherry-like fruit.\n\nMelampyro affinis, Madraspat, creeping, hirsute, with spiny capsules.\n\nNucleifera, Salawaccensis, pisiform, with yuccae foliage.\n\nOrchides, epidendron, Salawaccensis, with fig-like foliage.\n\nPadus Marianus, Manchinellae foliage, small flowers.\n\nPadus Marianus, Cynocrambes foliage, large flowers.\n\nPalma Angolensis, Rottang foliage, large fruit.\n\nPanel, Madraspatana, foliage (possibly Narum Panel H. Mal. V. 2. Tab. 10. p. 11. Raii H. Pl. 1639).\n\nPeriploca Mariana, Convolvuli majoris foliage.\n\nPlanta Mariana, white, rounded heads.\n\nPlantago Lusitanica, grows tall, with lagopus heads. My very worthy friend, Mr. Jezereel Jones, sent me this, along with many other curious plants, which he collected around Lisbon.\n\nPlantago Mariana, with short spikes.\n\nPrassium, Madraspatan, broad foliage (possibly Tsjadaen H).672. Prunus racemosa, Celastri folio (Zeylonensis). We are indebted to Dr. Herman, the botanist, for information about this tree.\n673. Pulegium, Carthymi odor. Observed in Mr. William Darby's garden at Hoxton.\n674. Pulegium, longissimis latissimisque foliis. Cat. Plant. Jam. 64. My kind and ingenious friend, Mr. Claudius Hamilton, surgeon, presented me with this, along with many others, which he had collected at Barbados.\n675. Pyrola, Marylandica minor, folio mucronatum (Arbuti). The Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones sent this from Maryland.\n676. Rapunculus, Desiae folio pilosum. For this and the following, I am grateful to my worthy friend Mr. Charles DuBois.\n677. Rapunculus, Linariae folio, denticellis paucis & vix conspicuis.\n678. Rhus, trifoliatae, facie Frutex, Salawacconsis, floribus Juliformibus.\n679. Santalum rubrum, quibusdam, Arber Orientalis, Ponna sacie. (An? Tsjerou-Penna, H. M. V. 4. Tab. 39. p. 81. Raii, H. Pl. 1537.)[Senecio Madraspatana, with large flowers, whose root is called Chinese by some.\n681. Tamarix Madraspatana, resembling Cupressus. Is it Tamarix Aegyptia, tree CB. 485.\n682. Tamarix foliage, tree of the Chinese, from whose wood come arrows. Herbarium Nostrum Chinense, picture Tab. 9, Fig. 4.\n863. Taxus fruit, Madraspatan Laurifolium tree.\n684. Telephium, Promontory Bonae Spei, with Portulacae-like leaves.\n685. Tetragonia fruit, Turbith folio, large tree, from Monte Tripetee.\n686. Thymelea, from the wider, pointed-tip leaves of Cap. Bonae Spei, taxifolious.\n687. Tilia Mariana, with lobed, spiniferous leaves.\n688. Toddalia Madraspatana, with slightly serrated, sub-erect leaves. Mallam Toddalia H. Mal. V. 4, Tab. 40, p. 83. Raii H. Pl. 1597.\n689. Toddalia spinosa, Madraspatan, with a nerve running down the middle of the leaf from the opposite side.\n690. Tricapsularis Fruit, from the head of the Juncus utriculatus-like plant, Prom. Bonae Spei.\n691. Triorchis Mariana, taller and more flowery.\n692. Vaccinia Africana, with decussate leaves and heart-shaped flowers.]George Shave brought this obegane Plant from the Cape of Good-Hope; I have also received it from Dr. Ruysch at Amsterdam.\n\n693. Vaccinia Mariana Staphylodondri Afriani folio.\n694. Verbenaca Mariana Rosae Chinensis folio, seminibus doorsum tendentibus. The only specimen I ever saw of this Plant, Mr. Charles DurBoit was pleased to give me, collected by Mr. Will. Vernon in Maryland.\n695. Viburnum Marianum Ribis folio.\n696. Vitis Mad fructu\n697. Waga Madraspatana Senae foliis, siliqua lat\u00e2 componit. Wagn H. Mal. V. 6. T. 5. Raii H. M. 1766.\n698. Waga Madraspatana Mimosae foliis pinnatis, siliquis naximis compressis.\n699. Waga Madraspatana Mimosae foliis, floribus perspiciis.\n700. Waga Madraspatana spinosa Mimosae foliis, floribus parvis spicatis.1. Gramen Ganginuna, a vine, C.B. Prodrome, p. 1.\n2. Gramen Murorum, a sudden root, C.B. Prodrome, p. 2.\n3. Gramen nodosum, with a small spike, C.B. Prodrome, p. 3. Fig.\n4. Gramen buibosum, from Aleppo, C.B. Prodrome, p. 4.\n5. Gramen montanum, with a delicate spadiceous panicle, C.B. Prodrome, p. 6.\n6. Gramen sylvaticum, tall panicle, C.B. Prodrome, p. 7.\n7. Gramen palustre, with a beautiful panicle, C.B. Prodrome, p. 7.\n8. Gramen palustre, less paniculatum, C.B. Prodrome, p. 7.\n9. Gramen spicatum, with a subhirsutum cristated spike, C.B. Prodrome, p. 8.\n10. Gramen sylvaticum, with an alb\u0101 slender spike, C.B. Prodrome, p. 8.\n11. Gramen spicatum, with soft hirsute spikes and foliage, C.B. Prodrome, p. 9.\n12. Gramen tomentosum, alpine and less, C.B. Prodrome, p. 10.\n13. Gramen sparteum, variegated, C.B. Prodrome, p. 11.\n14. Gramen sparti, setas Equi referunt, C.B. Prodrome, p. 11.[15 Gramen palustre (Juncus junceus) with racemose seeds, C.B. pr. 11.\n16 Gramen montanum (Juncus junceus) with squamose heads, C.B. pr. 13. Fig.\n17 Gramen junceum with minute squamose heads, C.B. pr. 13.\n18 Another dwarf juncus, C.B. pr. 13. (Juncus minimus)\n19 Marsh-growing dwarf juncus, C.B. pr. 13. (Juncus minimus)\n20 Gramen nemorale (Panicum) with white, curly-haired leaves, C.B. pr. 14.\n21 Alpine dwarf holosteum, C.B. pr. 14. (Carex hirta)\n22 Hirsute, narrow-leaved grass, larger, C.B. pr. 16. Fig.\n23 Gramen with a flat, echinate spike, C.B. pr. 17.\n24 Mountain panicum with sparse millet-like spikes, C.B. pr. 17.\n25 Arundo panicum with millet-like spikes, C.B. pr. 17.\n26 Arundo sorghum with sparse paniculate spikes, C.B. pr. 17.\n27 Broad-headed spike of Triticeae, compact, C.B.\n28 Broad-headed spike of Triticeae, dispersed, C.B. pr. 18.\n29 Narrow-headed spike of Triticeae, compact, C.B. pr. 18.\n30 Narrow-headed spike of Triticeae, resembling muticae, C.B. pr. 18.\n31 Spike of Secale, C.B. pr. 18.\n32 Spike of Briza, larger, C.B. pr. 18. Fig.\n33 Lolioid grass with a narrower, angustiored spike, C.B. pr. 18]34 Festuca graminea aristata C.B. pr. 19.\n35 Festuca graminea effusa jubata C.B. pr. 19.\n36 Festuca juncea folio C.B. pr. 19.\n37 Festuca juncea folio spica gemina C.B. pr. 19.\n38 Festuca pratensis lanuginosa C.B. pr. 19.\n39 Festuca dumetorum C.B. pr. 19.\n40 Festuca dumetorum angustifolium et pilosum foliis C.B. pr. 19.\n41 Juncus exiguus montanus mucrone carens C.B. pr. 22.\n42 Juncus acuminatus reflexus trifidus C.B. pr. 22. Fig.\n43 Juncus alpinus bombycinus C.B. pr. 23.\n44 Juncus floridus minor C.B. pr. 23.\n45 Equisetum palustre Linariae Scopariae folio C.B. pr. 24.\n46 Equisetum nudum minus variegatum Basilicum C.B. pr. 24.\n47 Secale latifolium C.B. pr. 26.\n48 Gladiolus angustifolius gramineus folio C.B. pr. 26.\n49 Hyacinthus minimus maritimus C.B. pr. 26.\n50 Pseudocrosus (or Pseudo-Narcissus) gramineus folio C.B. pr. 27.\n51 Allium montanum minus C.B. pr. 27.\n52 Moly Africanum umbella purpurescens C.B. pr. 28.\n53 Cynosorchis angustifolia hianta cucullo C.B. pr. 28.\n54 Chamaeorchis alpina folio gramineo C.B. pr. 29.55 Orchis palmata flowers green, C.B. pr. 30.\n56 Orobanche flowers larger, with coeruleo-purple hue, C.B. pr. 31.\n57 Orobanche that is called Hypopitys, C.B. pr. 31.\n58 Rapunculus alpinus subvar. corniculatus, C.B. pr. 33. Fig.\n59 Campanula alpina subvar. latifolia, flowers pale, C.B. pr. 33.\n60 Campanula serpillifolia, C.B. pr. 35. Fig.\n61 Campanula with subround leaves, C.B. pr. 35. Fig.\n62 Campanula with Drabae minor foliage, C.B. pr. 36.\n63 Rapistrum with Leucoii marina flowers, C.B. pr. 37.\n64 Napus sylvaticus subvar. Cretica, C.B. pr. 38.\n65 Dracunculus alpinus subvar. foliis Scrofoliae, C.B. pr. 39.\n66 Eruca latifolia, C.B. pr. 39. Fig.\n67 Eruca sylvatica subvar. minor incana, C.B. pr. 39.\n68 Eruca coerulea, found in sandy areas, C.B. pr. 40. Fig.\n69 Nasturtium sylvaticum subvar. minus, C.B. pr. 45.\n70 Nasturtium alpinum subvar. minus, with Resedae foliage, C.B. pr. 45. Fig.\n71 Nasturtium alpinum, capsule of Nasturtium hortense, C.B. pr. 45.\n72 Nasturtium alpinum, leaves larger than Bellidis, C.B. pr. 46.\n73 Nasturtium alpinum, leaves Barbareae, C.B. pr. 46.\n74 Thlaspi saxatile subvar. rotundifolium, C.B. pr. 48.\n75 Thlaspi alpinum.Thlaspi repens (C.B. pr. 49)\nThlaspi Alexandrinum (C.B. pr. 50)\nBursa pastoris alpina hirsuta (C.B. pr. 51) [Fig.]\nMyagrum foetidum (C.B. pr. 51)\nDraba tenuifolia velutina spicata (C.B. pr. 53)\nNapo-Brassica (C.B. pr. 54)\nBrassica spinosa (C.B. pr. 54) [Fig.]\nBrassica sylvatica alpina (C.B. pr. 54)\nAcetosa scutata repens (C.B. pr. 55)\nAcetosa rotundifolia alpina (C.B. pr. 55)\nHalimus minor (C.B. pr. 59)\nLactuca folium oblongo acuto (C.B. pr. 60)\nSonchus asper subrotundus folio (C.B. pr. 60)\nSonchus montanus laevis laciniatus minor (C.B. pr. 61)\nCichorium spinosum Creticum (C.B. pr. 62) [Fig.]\nDens leonis minor asperifolius (C.B. pr. 63)\nHieracium minus glabrum (C.B. pr. 63)\nHieracium tomentosum Hispanicum (C.B. pr. 64)\nHieracium alpine pumilum Chondrillae folio (C.B. pr. 64)\nHieracium intubaceum fl. lutea (C.B. pr. 64)\nHieracium intubaceum fl. magno albido (C.B. pr. 64)\nHieracium montanum rapifolium (C.B. pr. 65)\n98 Hieracium mont. fol. dentatis fl. magno C. B. pr. 65.\n90 Hieracium ramosum fl. magno C. B. pr. 65.\n100 Hieracium alpin. non laciniat. fl. fusco C. B. pr. 65.\n101 Hieracium capillaceo folio C. B. pr. 66.\n102 Hieracium murorum angust. non sinuatum C. B. pr. 67. Fig.\n103 Hieracium profunde sinuatum pubescens C. B. pr. 67.\n104 Jacobea Maritima s. Cineraria latifol. C. B. pr. 66. Fig.\n105 Jacobea rotundifolia incana C. B. pr. 99.\n106 Jacobea alp. fol. rotundis serratis C. B. pr. 69. Fig.\n107 Tanacetum alpinum C. B. pr. 70.\n108 Chamaemelum leucanthemum Hispan. odorat. C. B. pr. 70.\n109 Chamaemelum leucanth. incanum Hisp. minus C. B. pr. 70.\n110 Abrotanum campest. incan. Carlinae odore C. B. pr. 71.\n111 Absinthium pontic. Cret. grati odoris C. B. pr. 71.\n112 Absinthium alpinum incanum C. B. pr. 71.\n113 Anethum sylv. minus C. B. pr. 67.\n114 Cancalis tenuifolia montana C. B. pr. 80.\n115 Angelica sylv. hirsuta inodora C. B. pr. 82.\n116 Sphondylium alpinum parvum C. B. pr. 83.\n117 Sphondylium alpinum glabrum C. B. pr83. Fig.\n118 Pimpinella sanguisorba inodora (C.B. pr. 84)\n119 Seseli prat. tenuifolium, Daucus prat. tenuifolium (C.B. pr. 85)\n120 Ligusticum sanguisilva angustifolium (C.B. pr. 85)\n121 Crista Galli umbellata (C.B. pr. 85)\n122 Crista Galli angustifolia montana (C.B. pr. 86)\n123 Valeriana palustris inodora parum laciniata (C.B. pr. 86)\n124 Nardus montanus similis inodorus (C.B. pr. 88)\n125 Anemone alpina alba major (C.B. pr. 94)\n126 Pulsatilla palustris (C.B. pr. 94)\n127 Pulsatilla autumnalis folio Apii (C.B. pr. 94)\n128 Ranunculus rotundus repens echinatus (C.B. pr. 85)\n129 Ranunculus Geranii tuberosus folio (C.B. pr. 85)\n130 Ranunculus saxatilis foliis subrotundis (C.B. pr. 96)\n131 Ranunculus minimus saxatilis hirsutus (C.B. pr. 96)\n132 Doronicum Helveticum incanum (C.B. pr. 79)\n133 Doronicum Helveticum humile crassifolium (C.B. pr. 79)\n134 Gentianella omnium minima (C.B. pr. 70)\n135 Plantago trinervia angustifolium (C.B. pr. 98)\n136 Coronopus maritimus minimus (C.B. pr. 98)\n137 Bistorta alpina maxima (C.B)pr. 100.\n138. Potamogeton gramineum ramosum (C.B.), pr. 101.\n139. Serpentaria triphylla Brasiliana (C.B.), pr. 101.\n140. Leucojum luteum serratifolium (C.B.), pr. 102.\n141. Leucojum minimum Creticum (C.B.), pr. 102.\n142. Leucojum marinum minimum (C.B.), pr. 103.\n143. Hesperis sylvatica Hieracifolia hirsuta (C.B.), pr. 103.\n144. Caryophyllus arborescens Creticus (C.B.), pr. 104.\n145. Caryophyllus pumilus latifolius (C.B.), pr. 104.\n146. Caryophyllus holosteus alpinus gramineus (C.B.), pr. 104.\n147. Caryophyllus arvensis glaber minimus (C.B.), pr. 105.\n148. Caryophyllus faxatilis siliquosus (C.B.), pr. 105.\n149. Linaria americana parva flore (C.B.), pr. 106.\n150. Linum frutescens subslavum (C.B.).\n\nFrom our premises, Aldersgate-Street, London, Anno Domini 1699.\nNo 147. for Campanula, read Carlina.\nA JACOB PETIVER, Pharmacopoeia Londinensis & Societatis Regiae Socio.\nA. 701. Araneus Anglicus coccinus minimus. Also called exiguus coccineus vulgus Anglicus. List. Hist. Animal. Angl. 100. Fig. 138.I have often met with this in Gardens and elsewhere.\n\n702. Araneus Indicus coccineus major. A friend of mine, Mr. Wynn, a Surgeon, brought me this beautiful Insect from Viziagapatan.\n\n703. Buccinulum Anglicum heterostrophon oblongum, striis capillaceis. Buccinum exiguum, pullum, 12 oribum. List. Hist. Conchyl. Lib. 1. Fig. 39. This shell has a pale opaque mouth, and is about the size of a denarius, with spirals that are slightly raised List. Hist. An. Angl. 123. Fig. 10. I have found these at the bottom of old trees in Bell's size Grove at Hampstead, and at the corner of Charlton Wood with Mus. nostr. No. 16.\n\n704. Buccinulum Romanum heterostrophon oblongum, gyris maculatis. Turbo terrestris non descriptus Col. Purp. c. 7. p. 16. Fig. Major. My worthy kinsman Dr. Sherard observed this in the fields around Rome. These spiral shells are speckled with white, differing from the last.\n\n705. Buccinum album minus, costis elegantly raised. an Cochlea variegata, striis laris notably projecting List. H. C. L. 4. S. 5. Fig.51. an Turbo tuberosus (Rondel). aquatic. 89. id. Gallic. p. 57. c. 12. Fig. 5. an Turbinulus. in spongiis vivent. Aldr. Testaceus 360. Fig. 6. id. Fr. 122. Tab. 8. Fig.\n\nThis pretty welted Shell is generally about an inch long and very tapered.\n\n706. Cantharus Benghalensis (viridi cuprosus), bimaculatus, John Fox Surgeon found this elegant Beetle among some wood brought on Ship-board in the Bay of Bengal.\n\n707. Cantharus Madraspatan. vaginis et pedibus rubris, caeteris viridibus, scapulis instar Digitalis punctata, or Hoefn. Tab. 16. Fig. 7.\n\nThis in shape resembles our smooth water Beetle, its sheath or shell wings are scarlet, but the shoulders are green and speckled like a thimble. Mr. Sam. Brown sent me this some years ago from Fort St. George.\n\n708. Capricornus Americanus perelegans vaginis albis, ex aureo nigroque pulchres striatus. Mr. John Upingham Surgeon brought me this beautiful Insect very recently from the Bay of Campeachy.\n\n709. Capricornus Barbados major, viridis odoratus.This is similar to our Musk Beetle, but larger. My friend Dr. Wallace gave me this, who received it from his brother, a very ingenious Surgeon at Barbados, where they are abundant and called by them the Mastick-fly.\n\nConcha Veneris (Venus Shell) small, heptatic color, with yellowish-brown belly. About the size of a Lucca olive.\nConcha Veneris (Maldivic Venus Shell), small, white, three-banded, small, white, with three broad black bands.\nConcha Veneris minor ex albo (from the white), Sibbald 133, Bonnaterre 144, Fig. 236. Mr. James Cunninghame Surgeon observed this and the two next in Batavia.\n\nConcha Veneris (Oriental Venus Shell), dark-brown, dorsal maculations, small, yellowish-brown belly and sides, purple tinge on the tongue channel, dorsal maculations, yellowish-brown and numerous white spots.\n\nThis is distinguished from others by being tipped at each end with a slight purple hue.\n\n712. Concha Veneris Orientalis (Oriental Venus Shell), dark-brown, with maculations on the dorsal side, small, yellowish-brown belly and sides, slightly purple tinge on the tongue channel, dorsal maculations, yellowish-brown and numerous white spots.\n\nThis is distinguished from others by being tipped at each end with a slight purple hue.Concha Veneris Mauritiana, minor sessilis, costis castaneis dorsum maculoso. (The Mauritian shell, a small sessile one, with a dorsum marked with chestnut-colored stripes.)\n\nList. H. C. L. 4. S. 9. Fig. 50. (List, H. C. L. 4, S. 9, Fig. 50.)\n\nA. 714. Libella Anglica media, fluviatilis omnino viridis. (A. 714. The English Libella, a medium-sized one, living near water, entirely green.)\n\nan Hoef. Tab. 9. Fig. 8? (in Hoef's Table 9, Fig. 8?)\n\nI observe this by riversides about midsummer, but not so frequent as the next. The wings are greenish without clouds.\n\nan Perla 1. Tab. 2. p. 304. Fig. 1. p. 305. Aldr. Insect? id. Frances. 118. Fig. 1. Tab. 2. p. 119? (an Perla 1. Aldr. Insect, Frances 118, Tab. 2, p. 119?)\n\nLibella med. 6. Moff. 69. Fig. id. Angl. 943. (Libella media 6. Moffat 69. Fig. Angl. 943.)\n\nLibella media 6. Mer. Pin 4 197. (Libella media 6. Merian Pin 4, 197.)\n\nan Hoe fn tab. 9. fig. 8. (in Hoe's tab. 9, fig. 8.)A. 716. Nerita maritimus (Nerita anglicus flavescens), Nerita citrinus. List. H. C. l. 4, S 6, Fig. 39. Nerita maritimus (Nerita anglicus fuseus), Nerita X I. List. H. A. A. 16, Fig. 11. These common shells on English coasts, especially among rocks, differ only in colour.\n\nA. 717. Nerita maritimus (Nerita anglicus), Nerita X I. List. H. A. A. 164, Fig. 11. Nerita castanea. List. H. C. L. 4, S. 6, Fig. 39. These shells are very common on our English coasts, especially amongst rocks.\n\nA. 718. Nerita fluviatilis (Nerita thaminfis), blue-green, with a red-brown, lunate and aculeate operculum. List. H. A. A. 136, Fig. 20. Nerita fluviatilis (Nerita sluviatilis), blue-green, with a saffron-yellow, aculeate and crooked operculum. List. H. C. l. 2, par. 1, Fig. 38. This shell is particularly found on the Thames, especially on the sand bank against Chelsey College.\n\n719. Papilio madraspatanus. Mr. Edward Bulkley saw this beautiful fly at Fort St. George.\n\n720. Papilion orientalis. This differs from Dr. (unclear)Henry Ruysch at Amsterdam for:\n721. Papilio Madraspat. croceus, nigris maculis sparsis. albisque seri\u00e8 marginatus. These vary in size, perhaps due to their sex. They are observed at Fort St George in November.\n722. Papilio Carolinianus caudatus nigredine & ochroleuco variegatus. This elegant Fly, among many other Insects, was kindly given to me by Mr. Robert Ellis and Mr. Edmund Bohun in March and April last, up Ashly River in South Carolina.\n723. Papilio Orientalis, pallidus virescens, striis nigris, elegans lineatis. This, along with several other very Curious Butterflies and Moths which I had never seen before, were generously given me by Mr. Henry Goff and his Brother, who caught them in several places of the East Indies.\n724. Papilio L. caudatus pallidus, striis fuscis conglutinatis. [Note: It is unclear if this is a reference to Papilio moffettii or another Papilio species. Possible references include Fig. 3 in Anglia Naturalis 968, Fig. an GrVol 2. tab. 44, p. Hoof. tab. 8. Fig 13, Jonst. Insect. A Tab. 5. Fig Hallar. Tab. 8. Fig. 1, id. Wit. Tab. 5. Fig. 9, or Papilio leucomelanus Aldr. Insect. Bon. 239. Tab.]Fig. 3 is frequently found in Lisbon, as mentioned by my Curious friend Mr. Jezreel Jones around AD 1698. (Fig. 3, Franc 98, Tab. 2)\n\n2. Small English scallop with Cymbiform ridges, bearing some blue lines as guttates. Small, flat, transparent scallop with some blue lines elegantly marked, List. H. C. l. 4, S. 1, Fig. 27.\n2. Large Michowica scallop with Cymbae form, large, with slightly compressed sides and densely and slightly striped, List. H. C. l. 4, S. 1, Fig. 25. Mr. James Cunningham first brought me this from the Island of Michowahi; since then, Mr. Fox and Mr. Perry Surgeons have found it at the Cape of Good Hope.\n2. Large white clam, elongated and striped costae. Exotic shell with margin projecting into a beak, Col. Purp. cap. 17, p. 27, fig. opt. List. H. C. L. 3, Fig. opt. 164. Concha with valves fistulosa, or the Fistular Oyster. Mus. Reg Soc. 144. Mr. Edward Bartram sent me this from Cape Coast.My hearty friend Captain Will. Bond has also observed it in those parts.\n\n728. Is Pectunculus a fossil? Ininius, Muscovitica, costis and Concha imbricata minima - Aldr. Test. 448. Fig. id. Franc. 152. Fig. 4. an Alyites R subslavus, Musculo striato Rond let. similaris Lachm.\n\nThis my ingenious Friend Dr. Godfried Klem, one of the Czar's physicians, found\nin the River Dnieper, between Warsaw and Azov.\n\n729. Phalena plumata permaxima Orientalis occulta. This great Moth seems to be Figured in the German Ephemerides Decur 2. Anno 2do, after p. 488. But they have erroneously added the antennae or protuberant horns of a Butterfly to it, whereas they should be Feathered. This noble Phalena was first sent me from Jacobus Breynius at Danzig, it was nine inches between the tips of each Wing, this I gave to that most curious preserver of all Rarities both Natural and Artificial and my very worthy Friend Mr. Charlton of the Middle Temple. Since which I have again lately received it from the East Indies, those Mr.Goff was pleased to give me:\n730. Phalena plumata, the large Guinean one, with larger eyes. Caught off the coast of Guinea by Mr. Michael Bruce, Surgeon.\n731. Phalena plumata, the large Guinean one, dark, with eyes, inferior wings acuminate. I am obliged to the ingenious Physician Dr. Creighton for procuring me these two unusual insects.\n732. Phalena plumata, the large Carolina one, supernally and infernally variously colored, marbled and spotted. This beautiful Moth was sent me from Carolina by my kind friend Robert Ellis.\n733. Phalena plumata, the caudata one from Maryland, greenish, eyed. The Reverend Mr. Hugh Jones among other insects sent me this very elegant Moth from Maryland.\nA. 734. Planorbis terrestris, English, smaller umbilico, sharp-edged margin. Cochlea pulla silvatica, spirals in ancient pressed lists. H. C. l. 1. p. 29. Fig. 68. I have Charlton and Woolwich.\nA. 735. Planorbis fossilis, Surrian, larger umbilico, sharp-edged margin.Verticillus fossilis minor or Tre compressus umbilicatus (Luid. Lithoph. Brit. 416. in Trocmas. Sibbald. 65). Found in a clay pit near the Wells at Richmond. The navel of this is larger than the last shell, otherwise very similar.\n\nUnicornu Brasiliense, orbis sulcatus striis fuscis (an Bonan. 126. Fig. 112). One inch and three quarters long with about 10 twirls. Procured in Portugal by Mr. Jewhilst among some other Brazilian shells.\n\nA. Unicornu Cantianum fossile, fasciis muricatis (an? Turbinites Mus. Sibbald. 65). Observed in a Stratum or bed of fossil-shells in the Gravel pits near Woolwich. If whole, are near 2 inches and a half long, and the upper twirl about 2 inches in circumference.\n\nUnicornu Batavicun, 6 striis, singulis orbibus ornatum. Cothlea alba dense & acute striata (List. H. C. l. 4. S. 5. Fig. 54. Buc striatum Col).Observation 53. Fig. cap. 23. A Bonan. 127. Fig. 115. A Turbo. Test. 354. Fig. 9. cap. 19. id. Franc. 120. c. 19. Treas when whole (rarely met with) have aloft 18 inches; Mr. James Cunningham Surgeon found this about Batavia.\n\n739. Unicornus fossile Ca orbibus compressis asperis. This figure of Luid in his Lithoph. B Tab. 7. No. 359. The icon also of Bonani p. 160. No. 327. P No. 737. but\n\n740. Unicornus Miosus. cannon, gy dentatum, clavicula longissima, Leve, binis. H. C. l. 4. S. XI. Fig. opt. 7. This my kind Row and Jacobs (among several other Flores).\n\n741. Acrosticon Madraspatan. Dr. Plu's Filix, by only signing one half of it. and making it a Siliquiferous Plant, a Character Fern.\n\nA. 742. Acrosticon parSeptentrionale. Adiantum 5. faxatilis corniculata 542. Filix saxatilis I B. prodr. 114 pl. 16. Lugd. 1226. Fig. I B. l. 37. p. 747. Fig. Chair. 5. 6. Fig. 2. Park 1045. Fig. Ray H. OX. Sect. 14. p. 585. Tab. 5. Fig. nova 27. He altis 17. Fig.Observed in Wales at CuEdin and since then by my friend Mr. James Sutherland, Superintendant of the Physick Garden, the following:\n\n743. Adiantum pectinatum, from the Capite Bonae Spei. My ingenious friend Mr. James Cunningham, Surgeon, first brought me this singular fern (which Dr. Plukenet has been pleased to call a rush) from the Cape of Good Hope. It grows on the heath, as Mr. John Staremberg, a curious person residing there, informs me.\n\n744. Alcea caroliniana, flowers pale purple when in small clusters. This was first sent me from Charles Town in South Carolina, by my kind friend Mr. George Franklin, Apothecary there; it flowers and seeds in March and April.\n\n745. Alcea madraspatana, larger, with trilobate leaves and a plumose calyx. This rare plant and the following were sent me very recently from Fort St. George by Mr. Edward Bulkley, Surgeon.\n\n746. Alcea madraspatana, with ranunculus auricomus leaves and a plumose calyx. I have seen this in flower in the Reverend Dr. Uvedale's Garden at Enfield.\n\n747. Arbor javanica, with broad, beautiful variegated leaves. (An? Tsjeria-maram Hort. Malab. Vol)Tab. 61, p. 113, Ray Hist. Plant. 1733, cap. 19, No. 2. Periclymeno Sinenisi variegatum. Similar to a long, narrow, variegated shrub, Sini (Breyn. Prodr. 2, 748).\n\nArbor Javanica, variegated foliage. Obtained from a Dutch gardener at Batavia by Mr. James Cunninghame.\n\nArmeniaca, foliage acuminate. Sent to me by Mr. Jacob Bobart, Curious Botanist and Superintendant of the Physick-Garden at Oxford, among some other uncommon plants.\n\nBotrys Mexiocana odoratissima. Botrys Americana, Park. 89, pl 2. Botrys Ambrosoides Mexiocana, C.B. 138, & 516. Atriplex odora (suave Americana, Mexicane), Hern. Ox. S. 5, p. 605. Tab. 31, Fig. S. Epazetl, Atriplex odorata Mexicana (Chenopedium Ambrosoides Mexicanum), El. Bot. 406, inst. R. 11, 506. Raii H. Plant. 196, No. 4.\n\nBotrys odoratissima lignosa. Differing from the last as it is a shrub and woody. Observed this Summer with my worthy friend Dr. Uvedale at Ens.\n\nCamanbaya Caroliniana cinerea.Viscum reniforme, from tree branches in the manner of Muscus, with silver-like, fragrant leaves, tripeptal flower, resinous seed. Cat. Plant. Jam. 77. Abundantly grows on most large trees in Carolina. Dr. Sloane also observes it as very common in Jamaica.\n\n753. Camarina Lusitanica, the Lusitanian Camarina, is named Linscot (P. 4, Fig. 21). Literature: C. Acacalis Dioscoridis Amato. Empetrum Lusitanicum, white fruit. Elem. Botan. 450. Inst. Rei Herb. 579. Erica Durant. 171, Fig. E. 7. Clusius Hispanus. 117, Fig. Lugd. 190, Fig. baccifera tenuifolia Tab. Ger. 1199, Fig. Fr. albo Park. 1485, Fig. baccus Lusitan. I B. l. 5, p. 528, c. 16, Fig. prodr. 17, pl. 4. Ray H. Pl. 1630, c. 4, pl. 1. Erica Coris, folio 10, Clusius Historiae. 45, Fig. erecta baccis candidis C.B. 486. My very curious friend, Mr. Jezreel Jones, gathered this in Lisbon, the same place where Carolus Clusius, that great botanist, first observed it.\n\n754. Camarina Septentrionalis, prostrate. Empetrum montanum, black fruit El. Bot. 450. Inst. R. H.579. Erica baccifera (Clusium, Panum, 29; Fig. baccifera, C.B., in Martius, 142; Fig. 3, bac. Matthioli, Ludovici, 188; Fig. Thalictrum, 41; described optimately, I.B., l. 5, p. 526, c. 12; Fig. Prodr., 17, pl. 2, bac. latifolium; Gerard, 1199; Fig. malva, bace nigra, Parkinson, 1485; Fig. baccifera nigra, C.B., 486; Raii, H. Pl., 1631, c. 4, pl. 2. Erica Coris, folio XI, Clusium, Hist., 45; Fig. Mr. Richard Wheeler has sent me this from Norway. 'Tis found in several moist mountainous heaths in the North of England.\n\n755. Capillaris Barbadensis, with quadratic pinnules.\nAdiantum nigrum, less not ramose, with majorous, crass pinnules, shaped like trapezoids. Trapezium, Cat. Plant. Jam., 21. James Rheed brought this first from Barbadoes.\n\n756. Capillaris Jamaicensis, taller with triangular pinnules. Adiantum ramosum, with dentate foliage, shaped like trapezoids, Plinius, 31. Tab. 46. Adiantum nigrum, not ratrosum, larger, with surculi, dense, crass, minim, cristatis & trapezoidal, Cat. Pl. Jam., 21. This Mr. Author Biggs sent me from \n\n757. Capillaris Chinenses, pinnis Keir and Mr. Barckley, Surgeons.This text appears to be a list of plants with their names and sources. I have removed unnecessary line breaks, whitespaces, and other meaningless characters. I have also corrected some OCR errors. Here is the cleaned text:\n\nbrought me lately this Fern from China, with several other very curious plants.\n\n758. Chamaesyce major hirsuta (Indiae utriusque). Chamaesyce Americana major. floribus glomeratis, Cynocrambes, folio hirtuta (Breyn. Prodr. 2. p. 31). Chamaesyce Luzonis major (Cameli Mss.). Tithymalus Americanus, humifusus, serratus, floribus in capitulum alis adhaerens congestis (Pluimier. Instit. Ret Herb. 88). Tithymalus dulcis (Pari folis hirsutis, floribus ad caulium nodos conglomeratis). Cat. Pl. Jam. 82. Tithymalus Indicus annuus dulcis botryoides geniculatus. P. Bat. pr. Tithymalus botryoides Ceylanicus. repens cauliculis villosis (Cat. Hort. Amst 351). Cajacia (Brafil). Erva de Cobra (Lusit. Marcg. 7). Fig. Cajacia (Pis. ed. 58. p. 245). Fig. Caazica sive Herba Colubrina Ejusd. 311. Fig. Cajaria aliis Caacica (Pis. ed. 48. p. 102). Fig. an? Muriguti H. Mal. v. 10. Tab. 32. p. 63.\n\nI have received this Plant from Guinea, Fort St. George and China. See its Vertues in Dr Trapham's State of Health in the Island of Jamaica. pag. 138.\n\n759.Chamaesyce guineensis (lignosa). Peplios folio. Mr. Edward Barton gathered this at Cape Coast.\n\n760. Coral arbor exotica non spinosa, Laurus folio. Crista di Gallo Lusit. My curious friend Mr. Jezreel Jones sent me several specimens of this in flower, which he gathered in the Count d'Azouma's garden at Lisbon.\n\n761. Darea tenbrigensis minor. Muscus montanus Italicus, Adianti foliis Boccone, Mus. Plant. 24. Tab. 2. vid. Raii Hist. Plant. append 1583. I gathered this elegant plant A.D. 1698 from the rocks near Tunbridge-Wills in the same place where Mr. George Dare, apothecary, had long before observed it.\n\n762. Darea americana major pubescens. Filicula digita Plumier, Inst. Rei Herb. 542. This is very similar to the last but much bigger and hoary. This and the next were gathered in America by the Reverend Charles Plumier, that curious botanist who recently published his Histoire des Plantes and sent me by Dr. Tournesort, Botanick Professor of the Royal Garden at Paris.\n\n763. Darea americana lichenoides.Adiantum muscoporum. The lichen is on the underside of the fronds (Plumier, P. 34, Fig. 50). Phyllitis scandens (minima), with mossy surface, has membranaceous, subrotund foliage (Carl Linnaeus, Jam. 15).\n\nDigitaexotica with broad, very white flowers (Plate 38). The Right Reverend Lord showed me this elegant plant in flower on September 26, 1700, in his own garden at Fulham.\n\nErica (Bonae Spei). The leaves are hairy, otherwise resembling No. 396 (Musei nostri, p. 38). Dr. William Sherrard, the exquisite botanist, recently gave me this, along with half a dozen other curious Cape-Heaths.\n\nErica capensis (umbellata aspera). Erica africana (umbellata, flore purpureus). Acta Medicinae Hafniensia, Vol. 2, p. 57, Fig. Erica africana (Juniperi folia, flore oblongo umbellato). Instit. R. H. 603. Erica coris (folios hispidis), Cerinthoides Africana (Breynia, Cent. 25, cap. 13, Fig. opt.). Mr. John Foxe, surgeon, collected this, along with many others, at the Cape of Good Hope.\n\nFilicula madraspatana. The fronds have forked tips with a protruding tip (Plate unknown). My very obliging friend collected this.Edward Bulkley Surgeon sent me this new Form, gathered around Fort St. George.\n\n768. Filix scandens Mala mire ludens. My kind Friend Mr. Walter Keir Surgeon gathered this elegant Form in the Straits of Malacca.\n\n769. Faxinus mannifera rotundiore folio. An Fraxinus rotundiore folio C B. 416. I B. V. 1. l. 8 p. 177. Fig. Prodr. 22. Chabr. 62. Fig. 5. This grows now and has for several years past, in the Physick-Garden at Chelsea.\n\n770. Fraxinus folio angustiore, spinnulis serratis. An Fraxinus tenuiore & minore folio I B. V. 1. l. 8. p. 1 Prodr. 22. Chabr. 62. Fig. 4. Mr. Jez. Jones has sent me this from Lisbon. I have also seen it in some Padua Collections.\n\n771. Galbanifera uncap. Bonae Spei. Anisum fruticosum Africanum Galcanijerum Hist. Oxen. Sect. 9. p 297. Ferula futicosa sempervirens foliis Anisi Galbanifera; ex qua Galbanum Officinarum P. B. pr. 334. beruis Africana Galbanifera Ligustici foliis & facie Par. Bat. 163. Fig. & description.Oreoselinum Anisoides arborescens (Breynia Pr. 2:79)\nOreoselinum Afri Galbaniferum frutescens (R.H. 319)\n\nCalabanifera (B.S.P. segmentis tenuioribus) - Dr. William She, my worthy Friend and kinsman, gave me this, among many other curious and undescribed Cape plants.\n\nGaltara Mariana (Asplenii folio) - I have observed this for several years in our apothecaries garden at Chelsea.\n\nGaia Ca Ilicis coccigerae folio - Mr. James C. Mr. Staremberg at the Cape has told me of this, as it is where birds are found. It grows on sand hills about the Cape of Good Hope.\n\nHeliotropium Barbadense (Lavandulae folio lanuginosum, herbaceum, maritimum, tomentosum) - Gnaphali A (Catalpa Pl. Jam. 93) - This elegant shrub and Barbados heliotrope, where it is called Samolago\n\nHeliotropium Madraspatanum (Myosotidis folio) - Mr. Edward Bulkley sent me this from Fort St. George.\n\nJuniperus Alpina humilis (Sabinae odore) - Juniperus Alpina (Clusius, Hist. 38, Fig. Pan. 25, Fig. c. 7) - IBV.1. Juniperus minima (Gesnerus, Hortus Non-Schollianus, 263) or Juniperus subalpina (Gerhardt, 27); Fig. 28, pl. 3 in Chabert's work, pl. 1028, fig. 2 (Paris, 1028); Juniperus alpina minor. In Wales and Westmorland, this plant is called Savin.\n779. Juniperus bermudensis (reddish, fragrant wood) or Juniperus major (Parkinson, 1029, 4); Cedrus americana, commonly known as Juniperus virginiana and Juniperus barbadensis (Ray, Plants 1413, No. 4); Cedar Park (1671); The Cedar of Bermuda. From where my dear friend Mr. John Dickinson sent it to me in a berry.\n779. Kadali (Madraspatam), major, with broad, hairy leaves; Datura indica foliis malabathri (Breyn, Centuria 119, cap. 55, fig. quoad folio); Stramonium or Datura cistoides, a hirsute, larger Indian plant (Breyn, pr. 2, p. 97); Katou Kadali (Hortus Malabaricus, Vol. 4, Tab. 43, p. 91).\n780. Kadali (Madraspatam), minor, with pilose capsules; Caunampoo (Malabar Acts, No. p. 592, pl. 42); Tsiou-Kadali (Hortus Malabaricus, Vol. 4, Tab. 44, p. 93).Knawel Madraspat argenteum. - Knawel Madraspat aureum. (This differs in having its flowering stems yellowish.) (Pulandee Malabar, Actl. Phi. No. p. 589. pl. 33. Katu-Mailosina H. Mal. Vol. 10. T. 66. p. 131.)\n\nLauro-Cerasus vulgaris (Hortensium). - Laurocerasus Clusius, Hist. 4. Fig. Pann. - Fig. & pp. Fig. I B. V. 1. l. 4. p. 420. c. 3. Fig. Prodr. 13. pl. 2. Park parad. 399. Fig 6. p. 401. (Description of Laurocerasus, Laurus Trapezuntina Chabr. 31. Fig. 4. Cerasus Trapezuntina sive Laurocerasus Park. 1517. Fig. 2.) Very common in every garden. The Laurel.\n\nLauro-Cerasus Lusitanicus minor, speciosius (Laurocerasus Lusitanicus minor, Asarero Lusitanis). - Elem. Bot. 498. Inst. R. H. 628. (Mr. Jezreel Jones sent me very fair Specimens of this from Lisbon.)\n\nLewisia Caponsis (foliis Capillaceis). - The Reverend Dr. Lewis at Fort St George sent me the first sample of this new Genus, which he collected at the Cape of Good Hope. I chose to honor it with his name.Lewisanus Capensis (Juniperus Dermudiani). Compressum-Pinnatum. Cap. Bonae Spei Breyn. Cent. 22. c. 10. Fig. & app. 4. Erica noduligera, capitulis hirsutis ex purpureo fusca coloris (Breyn. Cent. 179, 786).\n\nMatricaria Madraspatana, flore pleno flavescente. Matricaria fl. aureo plena. Camellia Mss. Fig. Ugcahuy Sini Rosa de Japon. Uikeuk Herb. nostra Chinens. Tab. 2. Fig. 7. an Tsjetti-pu H. Mal. V. 10. Tab. 44. p. 91. & Hist. Oxon. Sect. 6. p. 33. pl. 8.\n\nThese vary greatly in the color of the flowers and are esteemed by the Chinese and Japanese as a great ornament in their gardens.\n\nNummularia norwegica (repens). Folio dentatum, floribus geminis. Nummularia norwegica. Flore purpureo (Act. Med. Hafn. Vol. 2. Obs. 130). Fig. an Campanula serpilifolia C.B. pr. 35. Fig.\n\nMy late friend Mr. Richard Wheeler has sent me this rare plant several times from Norway.\n\nOnobrychis orientalis, foliis alternis, siliculis spicis longis.\n\nOnobrychis madraspatana.triphylla, siliculus clypeatus villosus, geniculus singularis binusve.\n\nOnobrychis Madraspatan. tripylla, siliculus elegans foliaceis. An Trifolium Dictam 1. Kaliskisdalag & Calayiacay Luzon. Cameli Mss. Fig. We are extremely obliged to Mr. Edward Bulkley for the first discovery of this elegant plant.\n\n791. Osmunda Virginiana Cicuta folio. Adiantum album floridum Cicuta foliis Virginianum Ray H. pl. 1854. 7. Lunaria botrytis elatior Virginiana, pinnae tenuissimis & Cicutariae in modum divisis H. Oxon. Sect. 14. p. 595. Tab. 4. Fig. 5. Canadensis Myrrhis folio El. Bot. 426. Inst. R. H. 53 Monspel. 207. Fig. Mr. Hugh Jones first saw this from Maryland. I have also received it this year from my kind friends Mr. Emund Bolun and Mr. [redacted]\n\n792. Osmunda Westmorlandica foliis tenuissime dissectis. A. album floridum seu Filicula petraea crispa. Ray H. Pl. 153. 3. a s. F. petraea crispa perlegar. Filix montana florida. Adiantum album floridum.Angminima sive Filicula petraea florida, with frequently divided foliage, is described in H. Ox. S. 14, p. 593, Tab. 4, Fig. 4. First observed in England in Orton parish and other places in Westmorland, and later in North Wales by my Curious Friend Mr. Edward Lloyd.\n\nPerexil Maparietariae folio. Scherubula, Herniariae Species Comel. Mal. 139, pl. 4, id. fol.\n\nPolypodium Malabaricum, with biform foliage. Polypodium Indicum, Pis. Mant. 195, Fig. Polypodium Indicum, Comel. in H. Mal. V 12, p. 24. Jan, Polypodium Indicum, Clus. Exot. 88, Fig? an. Polypodium exotium, Quercu C B. 359, 3? Panna Kelengo Maravara Malab. Kadehou Bram. H. Malab. V 12, Tab. 11, p. 23. Pl. Mal. 218, pl. ult. id. Fol. pl. H. Ox. S. 14, p. an.\n\nLorog & Bonseg Lu Ging-gin-keo, a native herb of China, is described in Chinens Tab. 9, Fig. 13. Mr. Richard Planer, a Surgeon, gathered this at Mount Serado in Africa. My ingenious Friend Mr. James Cunninghame observed it in Java.I have recently received it from Fort St. George. It is also found on several trees in Malabar.\n\n795. Polypodium of Trinidad with very hairy leaves. My worthy friend Captain Haley, the famous mathematician, collected this on that island during his last expedition.\n\n796. Randalia, Madraspat. Graminis folio globulifer. This elegant plant was first collected by Mr. Randal, a gardener at Fort St. George, and sent to my worthy friend Mr. Charles Du-Bois.\n\n797. Tubularia sanguinea. T. purpurea Inst. R. H. 575 tab. 342. Tubularia purpurea, Alcyonto milesio secundo Imper. 631. Fig. opt. & Alcyonium maris Rubri Besleri. X. Tubularia Rubra Camel. Mss. Taburaga Luzon. Coraliis affine Aloyonium rubrum C. B. 367. C. Alc. quorundam fistul. prodr. 119. pl. 19. Chabr. 575. Fig. 1. (sub title transposed) Tubuli marini al|H. Ox. S. 15. p. 657. 22. Tab. 10. Fig. opt. Ray H. H. 64. pl. 7 The red fistular Alcyonium Mas. Regal. Soc. 279. Mus. Sibbald. 53. an? Mus. Hubert. p. 45. No. 4.\n\nMy kind friend Mr.A. Tubularia fossilis. Found in the Stone pits at Orford, Suffolk, by my friend Mr. Adam Buddle.\n799. Uvedalia spinosa. Chrysanthemum Africanum, a shrub with spiny stems. Norrbothian Botanical Garden, figure 105. Figure Jacobaea spinosa, leaves short and green, Bocconean Museum, Plantae 173, tab. 131, figure a. Chrysanthemum flowering in Africa, bearing fruit, branches with spines.\nB. This plant being of a new genus, i.e., a Bacciferous Chrysanthemum, and the first time I ever saw the flower was with the Reverend Dr. Uvedale at Ensi, I have presumed to name this tribe after him.\n800. Uvedalia Virginiana. Platanus-leaved, Chrysanthemum perenne, larger than Platanus Orientalis, figure an. Doronicum maximum, America, with broad, angled leaves, radially arranged, transparent H. A. Linn. 222.I am not insensible that some of these plants are identified by Maulkenet, but his refusing to compare figures being taken from imperfect specimens, I dare not without seeing them be positive in my rash conjectures, as he has lately too often done.\n\nFig. 1. Lacertus Marianus minor, cauda coerulea.\n2. Piscis quadrangularis parvus, verrucosus.\n3. Oscabrion Carolinianus perelegans, squammis bifarians variegatus.\n4. Asellus matinus ex nigro luteoque striatus.\n5. Scarabeolus hemisphaericus Cochineelifer.\n6. Planorbis Indica, ex castaneo alboque striato, umbilico patulo.\n7. Papilio Leucomelanus Cantabrigiensis. Papilio Leucomelanus subtus viridescens matmoreus (Mus. Petiver 304).\n8. Papilio Ulisiponensis ex nigro luteoque mixtus, maculi.\n9. Xeranthemum speciosum (Cap. Bonae Spei fl. albus), Mus. Petiver 500.\n10. Plantago Mariana, spicata praetenuis, Mus. Petiver 668.\n11. Ornithogalum Marianum luteum, foliis Gramineis hirsutis. Ornithogalum luteum parvum, foliis Gramineis hirsutis. (D. Banister Raii H. Pl. 1927).Sagittaria similaris. Plant palustris Virginiana, sp. Sagittaria. Banisier, H. Ox. Sec. 15. p. 618. Tab. 4.\nFig 8.\n13. Baccifera Mariana, Clematis Daphnoides minoris, folio Mus. Petiv. 363.\nFig. 1. Capricornus Norwegicus, nigrescens, vaginis punctatis, maculisque pallidis.\n2. Cantharus Marianus, viridis, perelegans, vaginis sulcis signatis, flavescentibus ornatis.\n3. Papilio Marianus, fuscus, area marginali oculata.\n4. Musca Asricana, flavescens, cauda triseta, alis nebulosis.\n5. Anagallis Mariana, lutea, foliis latis, stellatis.\n6. Schaenanthus Avenaceus, procumbens, Madraspatanus, Mus. Petiv. 577.\n7. Gramene Lagopoides, Guineense, spica longa nutans, Mus. Petiv. 238.\n8. Frutex Orientalis, foliis exiguis, Mus. Petiv. 250.\n9. Erica Promont. Bonae Spei, floribus albis, staminibus.\n10. Erica carnea, Promont. Bonae Spei, foliis et floribus.\nMr James Braylsford, a Turkey Merchant. This worthy Gentleman freely presented me (at the request of my hearty and very ingenious Friend Mr)Timothy Langley obtained Four Books of Plants from Jerusalem, the Mountains of Bilan and the Banks of Eu and Iordan. He procured the names of each plant in A and Latin from the physicians of those parts. My Curious Friend Mr. [Name Redacted] was kind enough to provide me with the meanings of several Arabic characters. Mr. [Name Redacted] and Mr. Robert Ellis were obliged to me for a collection of plants they observed in South Carolina in March and April, most of which were well preserved. They also sent me several rare insects and reptiles caught in those months, with promises of further improvements from them, which I daily expect. I am obliged to Mr. John [Name Redacted] for some plants he recently sent me from Bermudas (besides two Collections some years ago). Mr. Surgeon brought me three or four Books of Plants which he gathered in the Bay of Bengale, along with some insect shells and other items. My kind Friend [Name Redacted]Gaor Apothecary sent me some plants he observed last spring in Charleston, Carolina.\nCaptain Comand Halley was pleased to give me the plants he collected on the Island of Trinidad in his last expedition.\nDr. God, one of the Czar's physicians, sent me a collection of plants, animals, and other items he observed during a voyage between Moscow and Azoff. He also procured me some curious shells from Persia.\nMr. Keir and Mr. Barklay, surgeons, presented me with some plants they collected in China.\nMr. John S This kind gentleman has recently sent me a collection of plants from the Cape of Good Hope, among which were some very curious and altogether new ones, gathered nearly 800 miles up the country.\nHe likewise promises me frequent and larger performances by every opportunity and particularly the next ships, which I am suddenly in expectation of.\nThere are many other collections which, for want of room here, must be referred to my next;\nYour humble servant, James Petiver.A. 801. English ear-shell. Auris marina, Royal Society. 139. Gesner. Animal marinum Epitome. 224. Fig. 1, 2. Our ears, Sibald. 130. Article 2. Auris marina Bonani. 91. Fig. 10, 11. Id. 141. Gesner. Animal marinum Epitome. 224. Fig. 1, 2. Royal Society. 139. Rondelet. aquatilium. p. 5. c. 4. Fig. id. Gallic. 3. c. 2. Fig. An ear of the sea, Lister. Animalis Angliae Historia. p. 167. Fig. 16. Our ears, Sibald. 130. Article 2. A larger, wider, ears with many more pores or traces, raised clavicle, Liston. Hist. Conchylia. Lib. 4. Sect. 7. Tab. 611. Fig. 2. Another larger ear, Bellon. aquatilium. 395. Fig. Patellae ferarum. Five ears of the sea, Aldrovandi. Animalis Exotorum. p. 551. cap. 81. Fig. 1, 2. id. edit. Francofortis. Tab. 17. p. 181. Fig. 1, 2. Jonston. aquatiles. Tab. 17. Fig. 4, 5. Aristotle.A. Balanus Anatifera. Arboris Anatiferae, pin. 513, C.B. 1-3. Conchiferae or Anatiferae falsely called Telbinae or Balani. I.B. vol. 3, lib. 39, cap. 79. Fig. id. in products 120, pl. ult. Chabr. 580, Fig. 3, 4. Balanus compressus. Mus. Reg. Soc. 148. Britannicae Conchae Anatiferae. Ger. 1391, c. 167, Fig. id. emac. c. p. Fig. Concha Anatifera. Sibb. Prodr. Hist. Nat. Scot. part. 2, Lib. 3, c. 12, Tab. 18, Fig. 1, 2, 3. Mus. Warmian. 256, Fig. C. A. ex atbore dependentes. Aldrov. Anim. Exang. 543, cap. 78, Fig. & C. A. trunco adhaerentes ex Lobelio Ejusd. 544, Fig. id. Franc. Tab. 16, Fig. 16 & 17, p. 176. C. quinquevalvis compressa tubulo quodam lignis aut Algae marinae adhaerens, Animali generis multis cirrhis instructum containens, falsely called Anatifera. Mus. Sibb. 170, 2. C. A. margine laevi. List. H. C. 2, 3. Tab. 440, Fig. 283. Bonan. 95, Fig. 2. id. Ital. List. Exerc. Anatom. Tab. 7.Fig. 4, 5. Barnacle-Shell, Reri Apiya Brasil. Langhals Belgis, Marcgr. ed. 1, p. 188, fig. 22. Center-shell. Mus. Reg. Soc. 148.\nBalanus maximus, Balanus major angustus, purpurascens. List H. C. 1, 3, tab. 443, fig. 285. Balanus or Polycipedes. Aldr. An. Exang. 1, 3, c. 73, p. 524, fig. 4. Franc. 171, tab. 15, fig. 23. Balani or Polycipedes. Jonst. An. Ex. Tab. 15, fig. 16, p. 49, P. 7. I have seen these sticking to the sides of foul ships.\nBalanus noster parvus vulgaris. B. cinereus, composed of senile-looking, striated laminae, itself with another testa, bifid, rhomboid occlusum, List A. A. 196, fig. 41, opt. B. parvus striatus. List H. C. l. 3, tab. 441, fig. 287. Lopas adhaerens. Rend. 2q. 3, c. 2. Fig. id. Gall. 1, c. 1. Fig. id. Annim. marin. epit. 223. Fig. C. Echini 5, genus Rond. Hist. An. Ex. Tab. 13. Balani other than D. Ant. Gigas communicati. Aldr. An.Buccinum fluviatile, commonly found on Oysters, Muscles, and other shells. It has an oblong, larger and elongated shape, six spirals, and a subflavid, pellucid shell with a thin, mucronate apex. List. A. A. 137, Fig. 21. Another variant, B. substavum, has a pellucid shell with six orbicular clavicles and a more slender, productively longer apex. List. H. C. l. 2, Tab. 123, Fig. 21. Bon. p. 119, Fig. 55. This is also known as the Italian Turbo levis or Aldr. An. Ex. l. 3, c. 23, p. 359, Fig. 3. I find these in most standing ponds around London.\n\nBuccinum fluviatile, oblongum minus: This has a smaller oblong shape, six spirals, a narrower mouth, and a thicker shell than the previous variant. List. H. C. 139, Fig. 22.Bucinum pellucidum subflavum, four spirals, acutest mucrone, List. A. A. Fig. 23.\nB. subflavum pellucidum, four orbis, amplest ore, mucrone acute, List. H. C. l. 2. Tab. 123. Fig. 22. Bon. 119. Fig. 54.\nI find this clear, subflavian shell in the New-River supplying London with water.\n\nBuccinum pellucidum, three spirals, List. A. A. Fig. 24.\nB. subflavum pellucid, three orbis, List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 123. Fig. 23. Bonan. 119. Fig. 54. 1. id. Ital.\nI observe this thin, brittle shell in slow running rivers among the reeds and bulrushes.\n\nBuccinum marinum, our coasts, striped and banded.\nB. crassum rufescens, striatum undatum, List. A. A. 156. Fig. 2.\nB. brevirostrum tenuiter striatum, with several wavy sinusities, distinct, List. H. C. l. 4. Sect. 15. Tab. 962. Fig. 14.\nBon. p. 136. Fig. opt. 189. id. Ital. Mus. Sibb. 150. Art. 2. 1.\nI have seen these from several places on our English Coasts.Chama: 810. Our shores bear the brown, compressed Chama with a pyrrhiform cavity. Chama fusca, brown and flatter, List. H.C. l. 3. Tab. 415. Fig. 259. Concha longa, brown and broad, with a quadratic cavity in the middle, List. A.A. 170. Fig. 19. or Bon. 106. Fig. 59.? id. Ital. p. 213? or Chama Glycymeris, Round, aquatic 13, c. 11. Fig. id. Gall. 7. c. 8. Fig. Gesn. Animal. mar. Epit. 231. described 230. Fig. Jonst. An. Ex. Tab. 14. Fig. 5. Aldr. An. Ex. 472. c. 63. Fig. id. Franc. 158. Tab. 13. Fig. Found on the shores of Lancashire and Yorkshire.\n\nChama: 811. Our shores bear the Chama with curly hair-like stripes. Chama fusca, brown, with very thin stripes, List. H.C. l. 3. Tab. 423. Fig. 271. or Chama aspera, Round, aquatic 14, c. 12. Fig. id. Gall. 8. c. 9. Fig. Gesn. An. mar. Epit. 231. Fig. or Conchae Rhomboides, our Aldr. An. Ex. 460. Fig. id. Fr. 154. Tab. 12. Fig. 13, 14. CLAMS and some PURRS. I have observed these on the shores near Maldon in Essex. Mr. Jezreel Jones hath brought me some from Lisbon; I have also had them from St. Ubes.Chama of both Indias striped, with inner parts almost violaceous. Is Chama wider, striped inside with violaceous lines from List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 425. Fig. 273. Mr. Colvill, a surgeon, brought me this from Pulo Verara, an island in the Straits of Malacca; and I find it to be the same as what I have received from the West Indies.\n\nA. 813. Cochlea maritima our shells, thick and banded. Cochlea fusca, banded with frequent and narrow stripes, List. A. A. p. 162. Fig. 9 Bon. 9. C. nigricans densely or slightly striped, H. C. l. 4. Sect. 5. Tab. 585. Fig. opt. 43. These are found in abundance around Scarborough, where they are called COVINS.\n\nA. 814. Cochlea fluviatilis vivipara of London. Cochlea maxima fusca or five nigricans banded, List. A. A. 133. Fig. 18. C. vivipara banded, List. H. C, l. 2. Tab. 126. Fig. 26. I have observed these in the Thames and at the Head of the New-River in abundance.\n\nA. 815. Cochlea flaviatilis vivipara of Cambridge. Cochlea vivipara another of our shells with thinner tests, List. H. C.A. 816. Glycymeris Cornubiensis crassa marmorata. This is similar to the last but has a thinner and neater shell. (Liston, H.C., linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 1055, Fig. 6)\nA. 816. Glycymeris Cornubiensis crassa marmorata. A large, variegated Pecten with a red base. (Liston, H.C., Systema Naturae, 247, Fig. 82)\nA. 816. Chama Glycymeris Bellon. aquat. 408. Fig.? This is similar to the last but has a thinner and neater shell. (Bellon, J.F., Histoire Naturelle, 471, c. 61, Fig. id.)\nA. 816. Bonniardia 107. Fig. 60. This is similar to the last but has a thinner and neater shell. (Bonnaterre, C.F., Tableau Encyclop\u00e9dique et Methodique, 13, Fig.?)\nA. 816. Glycymeris italica. p. 165. Fig.? This is similar to the last but has a thinner and neater shell. (Fabricius, J.F., Systema Naturae, 13, Fig.?)\nA. 817. Libella maxima nemorum. A large, beautifully variegated pond skimmer. (Linnaeus, M., Systema Naturae, 6, Moffat, 66, Figs. 3, 67)\nA. 817. Libella maxima nemorum. With a large black spot in the middle of the wings and two spines on the tail. (Merian, M., Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium, 197, an Perla)\nA. 817. Perla 6. Aldrich, Insects, 2, p. 305, Fig. 6. This is a large, beautifully variegated pond skimmer.\nA. 817. Libellula 2. Fabricius, p. 119, Tab. 5, Fig. 6. This is a large, beautifully variegated pond skimmer.\nA. 817. Jonstonia Insecta, Tab. 17, Fig. 6, p. 26. This is a large, beautifully variegated pond skimmer.\nA. 817. Hofmeister, Tab. 2, Fig. 10? This is a large, beautifully variegated pond skimmer.\nA. 817. Hollar, Tab. 6, Fig. 5. This is a large, beautifully variegated pond skimmer.\nA. 817. Wittich, Tab. 4, Fig. 4? I have observed this beautiful dragonfly in Cane-wood between Hampstead and Highgate after mid-summer.Libella major with compressed blue body. L. Max. 5. Moff. 66. Fig. 5, id. A. 941. F. 7. L. Max. 5, body and head red, large mouth (for black) with three spines in tail. Mer. pin. 197.\nLibella major with compressed yellow body. L. Max. 4. Moff. 66. Fig. 4, 67, id. A. 941. F. 6. L. Max. 4, yellow, with 4 or 5 spines at tail end. Merr. pin. 197. Perla 9, Aldr. Insect. 305. Fig. 9. id. Fr. 119. Tab. 5. Fig. 9. Jonst. Insect. Tab. 17. Fig. 3.\nMussel, common edible marine. M. with dark blue-black shell. List. A. A. 182. Fig. 28. M. subcaeruleus, almost virgatus. List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 362. Fig. 200. Musculi authore Aldr. c. 71, 513. Fig. pron. & supin. id. Fr. 171. Tab. 15. Jonst. An. Ex. Tab. 15. Fig. 3. p. 47. Mytilus Bellon. aq. 398. Fig. Round. aq. 48. c. 46. Fig. id. Gall. 34. c. 38. Fig. Aldr. An. Ex. 512.Fig. 1. The Common SEA MUSCLE. (Fig. id. Fr. p. 171. Tab. 15. Fig. 3. Gesn. An. mar. Epit. 227. Fig. an Bon. 102. Fig. 30. id. Ital. 158)\n\n821. Common American Muscle. Buccinum Musicum, List. H. C. l. 4, Sect. 11. Tab. 805. Fig. 14. Mus. Sibb. 150. 1. an Bon. 154. Fig. 296. or 155. Fig. 297. id. Ital. 242 s. 3. This beautiful Shell is quite common on the shores of Jamaica and Barbadoes.\n\nA. 822. Common Edible Oyster. Ostra vulg. esculenta. O. vulg. max. with an inner shining quality, List. A. A. 176. Fig. 26. Mus. Sibb. 161. Art. 1. O. major sulcated, unevenly denticulated around the hinge, List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 193. 4. Fig. 30 & 31. an Ostrea marina, Jonst. An. Ex. Tab. 14. Fig. 9? an O. Britannica p. 45. 4? Ostrea Bon. p. 108. Fig. 7. id. Ital. an Caramis Gesn. An. mar. Epit. p. 225. Fig. 8.\n\nA. 823. Perlated Oyster, with a foraminous head. Bon. 105. Fig. 56. id. Ital. p.The Perforated Pearl-Oyster: observed on our own and neighboring coasts (Rond. aquat. 40. c. 39. Fig. id. Gall. 29 c. 33. Fig. Gesn. An. mar. 225. Fig. Aldr. 491. c. 67. Fig. id. Fr. 162. Tab. 14. Fig. 5? Jonst. An. Ex. Tab. 14. Fig. 7).\n\nAmerican Tree-Oyster: Ostrea arborea, dorsum uncatus (List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 197. 8. Fig. 32). Ostracea annexa baculo (Aldr. An. Ex. l. 3. c. 68. p. 495. Fig. id. Fr. 162. Tab. 14. Fig. 12). These vary in shape according to the twigs they grow on; they are common in Barbadoes and Jamaica.\n\nThe Greater White Cabbage-Butterfly: Papilio albus vulgaris major. (Goodart. v. 1. p. 59. Tab. 11. Graff. v. 1. p. 9. Tab. 45. Fig. 2. List. in Goed. p. 16. Fig. 7). This and the next produce Caterpillars which feed on the Cabbage.\n\nThe Lesser White Cabbage-Butterfly: Papilio albus vulgaris minor. (P. Diurn. med. 5. Moff. 103. Fig. ult. Dors. & Lat. id. A. 971. Fig).The Lesser White Cabbage Butterfly and the last are very common inFields and Gardens most of the Summer.\n\nPatella vulgaris, the common English variety, is gray-brown with lividd stripes (List. A. A. 195. Fig. 40, Mus. Sibb. 125). It is very frequent on our English Coasts.\n\nPatella Capensis has striis verrucosis, making it subfusc exiguis with tuberculis second strias exasperata (List. H. C. l. 4. Sect. 1. Tab. 536. Fig. 15). Mr. Hill and Mr. Perry brought this from the Cape of Good Hope.\n\nPatella major, our common large scallop (List. A. A. 184. Fig. opt. 29), has ciriter 14 strias admodum crassis & eminentibus, and is insignitus on the same strias (P. maximus).Magnus Albidus, circularly about 12 fine and closely incised stripes, List. H. C. I. 3, Tab. 163, Fig. 1. Is it P. Albidus, with three auricles, striated and larger, about 20 (14 List.) wider and thicker stripes, Mus. Sib. 162. 1. These are common around Portland.\n\nA. 830. Pecten minor, with numerous finer stripes. Is it Pecten, List. H. C. I. 3, Tab. 181, Fig. 1? Mr. James Cunningham observed this at Deal. I have also received it from other places.\n\nA. 831. Pectunculus fluviatilis, Nuciformis. P. subviridis, small, subglobose, List. H. C. I. 2, Tab. 159, Fig. opt. 14. Musculus exiguus, of large round Pisis, subflavus, List. A. A. 150, Fig. 31. I find this in the Rivulet between the Lord Peterborough's and the Neat-houses; and abundantly on the Sands in the Thames against Chelsea, at low-water.\n\nA. 832. Pectunculus maximus, large and crassus, our nostras, black. P. maximus, subfuscus, very heavy, List. H. C. I. 3, Tab. 272, Fig. 108. Is it P. superior (i.e., inferior to no. 833)Paulus PLANior, Ejusa. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 269. Fig. 105. Concha is maximally round and very thick, black turning to rufescent, Ejusda. A. A. 173. Fig. opt. 22. These are found abundantly in Lancashire and Yorkshire, and particularly on the sandy shores in the mouth of the River Tees.\n\nA. 833. Pectunculus maximus crassus, laevis, fer\u00e8 radiatus. Or P. gravis subfuscus radiatus, List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 268. Fig. 104. Or Galadis Rond. aq. p. 31. c. 32. Fig. id. Gall. 23. c. 27. Fig. an Aldr. An. Ex. 461. c. 54. Fig. id. Fr. 154. Tab. 11. Fig. 18. A very fair one of this sort, Mr. Benj. Bouchier, my hearty Friend, brought me from the Island of Purbeck. I have also had it from Cornwall.\n\nA. 834. Pectunculus max. fossilis Richmondianus. Curvirostra laevis subrotunda elatior, Luidii Lith. Brit. Ichuograph. p. 36. no 724. Or List. H. C. Tab. 512. Fig. 66. These are found at Richmond in Surrey near the Wells, in a Clay pit where they make Bricks and Tiles.\n\nA. 835. Pectunculus marit. nostras edulis vulgatissimus. PThe Common Cockle is a round shell, about 26mm in diameter, with around 26 large, radial stripes, List. A. A. 189, Fig. 34. It has a smaller, rounder head with a more equal margin, Ejusd. H. C. l. 3, Tab. 334, Fig. 171. This species is common along all shores, COCKLE, that is, Gallus being called Gesn. Anim. mar. Epit. 232.\n\nPectunculus Guineensis is deeply indented on one side with a reddish edge. Is it P. orbicularis with prominent, broad, and conspicuous teeth on the other side, List. H. C. l. 3, Tab. 330, Fig. 167?\n\nPectunculus Jamaicensis has striations that are almost muricate. P. tenuis is sometimes red, sometimes citrine, with striations that are partially or entirely muricate, List. H. C. l. 3, Tab. 322, Fig. 159. Mr. Ratery and Mr. Skeen, Surgeons, brought me this shell from Jamaica. I also obtained it from Catalina. It varies in size. I have one of the same size as Dr. Lister's Figure, and others much smaller.\n\nPectunculus Garolinianus is the largest of these species.P. magnus maculatus, intus leviter rufescens (List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 328. Fig. 165) - My worthy friend Dr. Martin Lister gave me this from Carolina. Since then, Mr. Robert Rutherford, Surgeon, also brought it to me from there. It has the face of a common cockle but is as big as an ostrich's egg.\n\n839. Pectunculus lunatus, Amer. albus, crassus, sulca singulari notatus (List. H. L. l. 3. Tab. 305. Fig. 138) - This is common to Jamaica and Barbados. A very plump, white clam with a distinct five-sulcate shell.\n\n840. Pectunculus carolinianus, ovalis albus politus - This may be a very thinly striated, tenuous-margined, flavescent and sometimes purplish P. laevis (List. H. C. l. 3. Tab. 249. Fig. 83). Major Halstead brought me these from Carolina. The Reverend Mr. Stonestreet also gave it to me from Jamaica.\n\nA. 841. Pectunculus minimus, laevis, intus argenteus, cardine serrata (Gazophyl. nov. nat. et art. Decad. 2. Tab. 17. Fig. 9) - A flat, argent-colored, serrated-hinged, small clam.I have observed this little Silver-Cockle on our own Coasts, but have forgotten where.\n\n842. Pecten lunatus var. subrotundus and compressus. Is this the same as P. albidus densely banded, widely flat, Liston's H.C. l. 3. Tab. 288. Fig. 124? This was first brought to me from Virginia, and since from Carolina. Dr. Lister had his from Jamaica.\n\n843. Siliquastrum rigensis, resembling the Cinereous Limacis, GAZ. nov. NATURAE & ART. Dec. 2. Tab. 17. Fig. 3. Dr. David Krieg, F.R.S. sent me this Fossil from Riga.\n\nA. 844. Solen varius. S. major subfuscus, rectus, Liston's H.C. l. 3. Tab. 409. Fig. 255. The shell is dark gray, long and narrow, with a black muscle near the hinge; some call it Solen, Liston A.A. 192. Fig. 37. Mus. Sibb. 167. Bonan. 106. Fig. 57. id. Ital. 163. Solen mas Rondelet. aquat. 43. c. 42. Fig. id. Gallic. 31. c. 35. Fig. Gesner An. mar. Epit. 241. Jonston An. Ex. Tab. 15. Fig. 20. Aldrich An. Ex. 528. Fig. id. Fr. Tab. 16. Fig. 2. p. 176. e. 75. or Donax femina Capo da detto Venet. Bellon. aq. 414. Fig. Concha longa Venet. Cannolichio\nfive Pesce cannella Ital. The SHEATH FISH, Mus. Reg. Soc. 143. or RAZOR-FISH, Charlt. Pisc. 67. SPOUT-FISH, Mus. Sibb. 167. In Cornwal they are called Calega. These are found in several places, especially in the Winter after storms.\n845. Trochus Barbadensis magnus, ex albo nigroque un\u2223datus. T. maximus laevis & nigro maculatus, List. H. C. l. 4. s. 8. Tab. 640. Fig. 30. an Bonan. 117. Fig. 29, 30. id. Ital. Mr. Rattery brought me this from Jamaica. Capt. Bond from the River Messisippi, and Mr. Graves from the Bahama Islands.\nA. 846. Trochus maritimus nostras orbibus elatis. an T. planior undatim ex rubro radiatus List. H. C. l. 4. s. 8. Tab. 641. Fig. 32. Some of these are near as big as our Garden-Snail. Mus. nost. 13. Its Navel large and screwed, and lower Twirls some\u2223what knobbed.\nA. 847. Trochus Anglicus spiralis. T. pyramidalis varie\u2223gatus, limbo angusto in summo quoque orbe circumdatus, List. H. C. l. 4. S. 8. Tab. 616. Fig. 1. an Talbus maculis rubentibus, distinctus (List. A. A. p. 166. Fig. 14). This differs from the last as it has no navel and is truly spiral.\n\nA. 848. Trochus anglicus spiralis minor (an T. pyramidalis parvus ruberrimus, fasciis crebris exasperatus, List. H. C. l. 4. s. 8. Tab. 616. Fig. 2). This is much less than the last, has a small navel, with about five distinct twirls.\n\nA. 849. Trochus nostras lineis latis obliquely rubentibus (an T. parvus striatus undatim ex fusco dense radiatus, List. H. C. l. 4. s. 8. Tab. 641. Fig. 31). This pretty umbilicated shell is about the size of a hazelnut and found in many places on our sea shores.\n\nA. 850. Trochus nostras lineis angustis obliquely rufescens (an T. crebis striis fuscis & transversely & undatim dispositis donatus, List. A. A. 166. Fig. 15). The spots and lines in this are much smaller, brownish and finer than the last, and scarcer to be met with.\n\n851. Adhatoda malaccensis rubro, Parietariae folio non\u2223nihil serrato.\n852. Adhatoda \u00e8 Promont. Tricuspidato folio majore, floribus verticilli modo dens\u00e8 stipatis. This and the following were ga\u2223thered at Cape tres Puntas, near Cape-Coast in Guinea, by Mr. Skeen, Surgeon.\n853. Adhatoda Prom. Trienspidat. fol. angustiore, floribus paucioribus.\n854. Adhatoda Suratensis Lauri folio spicata, flore barbato.\n855. Adiantum pumilum, segmentis angustioribus rigidis, ex Insula S. Helenae. This I had from my worthy Friend Mr. Charles Dubois.\n856. Alga Capensis denticulis capillaceis, vesiculis lyratis.\n857. Amelanchier Chusanensis folio parvo subrotundo rigi\u2223do. This with many other very rare Plants Mr. James Cuning\u2223hame sent me lately from Chusan, an Island near China.\n858. Androsace Chusanens. Cortulae Matthiol. folio.\n859. Angola Chusan. Pruni folio, calice amplo.\n860. Anonymus Chusan. fl. spicatis, petalis tribus angustis.\n861. Apios ex Insulis Crocodilorum folio latiori brevi. I re\u2223ceived this with several others collected by MrJames Cuninghame in the Crocodile Isles, three islands lying in 26. degrees latitude and about six leagues from the River Hocksicu in China.\n\n862. Aphyllanthes Capensis, singular spike.\n863. Capensis Tree, digitated leaf, spiked flower.\n864. Chusan Tree, serrated lauro-cerasus leaf.\n865. Chusan Tree, serrated laurel leaf, beneath soft, verrucosity twigs.\n866. Laurel Tree, thick, leathery, rigid leaf from Combuys Island. This island lies near Java, gathered by Mr. James Cuninghame, June 19, 1701.\n867. Emuyaca Tree, minute, white stamen flower, ilicifolious.\n868. Javanica Tree, fruit of Charamei.\n869. Malaccensis Tree, castaneolous foliage.\n870. Zeylanica Tree, Fortunata, some say.\n871. Arum Widense, Sagittariae face, nearly spinous peduncles. Gathered at Wida in Guinea by Mr. Skeen, Surgeon.\n872. Arundo, acerose capitula from Capite Bonae Spei.\n873. Arundo Phalaroides, from Capite Bonae Spei.\n874. Asarum, minute flower, from Saint Helena Island.\n875. Chusan Aster, superior leaves intact, inferior leaves Coronopifolius.876. Baccifera Chusan (racemifera), lotus leaf.\n877. Baccifera Chusan (racemosus), arbutus leaf.\n878. Baccifera Chusan, tea leaf.\n879. Baccifera Crocodyl (Celastri folio), nut bearing.\n880. Baccifera Emuyaca (dispermos), scandent with flamulae face.\n881. Bartarius (Arbor Guineensis), periclymenum-like flowers; sent by Mr. Edw. Bartar from Cape-Coast.\n882. Bocras (Malaccensibus), urucu leaf, nut encircling.\n883. Boisow (Javanensibus), prunifolius, lactescent fruit.\n884. Bulbosae (facie planta Widensis), galanga leaf.\n885. Bulbosae (facie planta Widensis), wider yucca leaf.\n886. Calamintha (Chinens), teucrid foliage and staminate flowers.\n887. Camphorosmos (Chusan), pilose flower.\n888. Carambu (Eneuyac), hirsute persicaria leaves.\n889. Carambu (Widens), glabrous persicaria leaves.\n890. Caucalis (Capensis), fumaria-like leaf, glaucous.\n881-882. Given me by Dr. John Philip Breyne, the celebrated Jacobus Breynius of Dantzick. (Note: This note is likely added by a modern editor and can be safely removed.)I remember seeing it the last summer in that paradise of a garden, the Duchess of Beaufort's at Badmington.\n\n891. Cerasus (Chusan). With smaller, full flowers.\n892. Chamaerhododendron (Chusan). With white flowers, Myrtle-like leaves.\n893. Chamaerhododendron (Chusan). With blue flowers, hairy leaves and calyces.\n894. Chamaesyce (forte lignosa), with dense stipulated foliage, from Cap. Bonae Spei.\n895. Christophoriana (forte Emuyaca), spiny, with soft Morus foliage.\n896. Chusanicus (or Planta capreolata), Arbor Judae folio, with spicate flowers.\n897. Clematis (Chusan). With cordate and umbilicato folio.\n898. Coccifera (Crocodil). Pimienta Jamaicensis folio.\n899. Cocculus (Reniformis), climbing Emuyacus, with soft Cotini folio subtus.\n900. Conophorus (Capens). With anguste summo dentato folio.\n901. Convolvulus (Carolinianas), with smaller, scarlet flowers. This is a pretty ornamental plant, and has flowered plentifully in Mr. William Darby's Garden at Hoxton.\n902. Conyza (Chusan). Pilosa, with Sonchi integro folio.\n903. Crotalaria (Prom. Tricuspid). Cupang folio subtus molli.\n904. Cynoglossum (Chusan).summo latere,\n905. Cytisus Crocodilus. foliis parvis subtus villosis.\n906. Dentellariae fructu Arbor Madraspatana. spinosa.\n907. Dracontii folio pediculis nervisque spinosis, Planta Malaccensis.\n908. Durio facie Arbor Benghalensis.\n909. Euonymus Chinus. Glycyrrhizae folio.\n910. Euonymus fortis Chusanensis. Berberidis folio.\n911. Euonymus Crocodilus. Lauro-cerasi folio.\n912. Euonymus Emuyacus. Pervincae majoris folio, baccatum solitarium, vasculo bipartito vel tripartito inclusum.\n913. Eupatorium Crocodilianum. Leonuri folio.\n914. Fagara Madraspatana. foliis aurantio-ternis.\n915. Fagus foliis minoribus. Planta caroliniana.\n916. Ficus Chusanensis. Mori folio.\n917. Ficus Chusanensis. folio integrum, superne scabro, subtus molli. Fruit bears in September.\n918. Ficus forte Chusanensis. folio vulgare, facie sed molliori.\n919. Ficus Malaccensis. folio oblongo integrum, subtus albicans.\n920. Ficus forte Promontorii. Tricuspidatae folio oblongo magno crassatum.\n921. Ficus forte Promontorii. Tricuspidatae.folio acuminatum serratum, basi latior.\n922. Fig tree, Pr. Tricuspid. three-lobed leaf.\n923. Fig, widened, broadly cusped margin.\n924. Fig, widens, not entirely tooth-edged, beneath beautiful.\n925. Crocodile plant, foliage broadly rounded, glaucous beneath white.\n926. Crocodile plant, leaves like beech, small veins beneath purple.\n927. Wide, membranous, fleshy Fucus, from Cap. B. S.\n928. Gamboge tree, beneath the largest Fagus leaf, holosericeous.\n929. Geranium Capense, Hederae angustifolium. Singular and beautiful Cape-Plant, I saw last summer in the Duchess of Beaufort's most curious garden at Badminton near Bath.\n930. Haioa Chinesis, white flower, gummosis articulated filaments.\n931. Ham-shaw Chinesis, tree with white flower, hairy calyx.\n932. Jacea Caroliniana, Salicifolium.\n933. Jacea Caroliniana, Salicifolia, pilose capitula.\n\nMy kind friend Mr. Edmund Bohun brought me these two elegant plants from Goose Creek in Carolina, along with many others that were entirely new.934. Jacobaea capensis, Cardui folio subtus albicans. I gathered this Jacobaea capensis, among many other uncommon sorts of Ragwort, in her Grace the Duchess of Beaufort's Garden at Badminton, AD 1701.\n935. Jacobaea chusanensis, folio lato.\n936. Jujuba, folio minore, planta repens, Chinesis.\n937. Labisia chinesis, Arbor fl. luceo. foliis acutis binis decusatis.\n938. Lactuca emuyaca, Sonchi folio.\n939. Laurocerasus malaccensis, folio suffrutex scandens. lactescens.\n940. Laurus malaccensis, folio rigido alato. Arbor.\n941. Laurus prominens, Tricuspidatae folio, floribus filamentosis spicatis.\n942. Laurus prominens, Tricuspidatae, apice verruculis denudatis.\n943. Lotus emuyaca, Betulae folio.\n944. Lupulus chusanensis, Rubi folio.\n945. Maniocae facie, Pr. Tricuspidatae foliis subtus lanuginosis.\n946. Melilotus capensis, flore speciosore.\n947. Nicotiana folio angusto lanuginoso, Pr. Tricuspidatae.\n948. Oxyacanthus chinesis.949. Patsjotti, Tricuspid. with smaller flowers and calyces. Similar to Katou Patsjotti in Hortus Malabaricus, vol. 5, Tab. 7, p. 13, and S. B., vol. 3, 98 and 136. Actes des Savants, No 271, p. 845.\n\n950. Persicaria Chinensis. with white underside.\n\n951. Periclymenia, majoris folio, Emuyac's flowering stem.\n\n952. Periclymenia, Suratensis's flowering stem, Persicariae folio subtus albente.\n\n953. Phaseolus Chusanensis, with narrow, hairy silique.\n\n953. Phaseolus Chusanensis, with wider silique.\n\n955. Phaseolus Guineensis, subrotund foliage, Lentis silique.\n\n956. Phyllitis Chusanensis, ramosa with alternating pinnate bases, superiorly auriculate.\n\n957. Pimenta Chusanensis, Buxus folio, filamentous flowers.\n\n958. Pimenta Chusanensis, Melissa folio, petalose flower.\n\n959. Caroliniana, climbing plant, with beautiful, venous Fagus foliage. Observed at the Duchess of Beaufort's, Badminton.\n\n960. Guineensis, Polygonatum folio cuspidatum, densely stipate.962. Pruni sylvaticus, fruit-bearing plant with spiny shrub, Widensis.\n963. Pyracantha, shrub with musky spiked flowers.\n964. Quinquefolium Chusanicum, subtly incano-albo leafed.\n965. Ricinus chinensis, sebiferous, leaf on Populus nigra.\n966. Ricinus emuyacensis, verbasco leafed, farinaceous fruit.\n967. Ricophora javanica, trifoliate, Malabathrum leaf.\n968. Ros solis Chusanensis, elegant, foliage-bearing.\n969. Rosa fortis Chusanensis, Trichomanis leaf.\n970. Rubia crocodilifolia, cordate leafed.\n971. Ruyschiana, Capensis Carthamus-leafed plant, Aparine fruit, sent by Dr. Fred. Ruysch from Amsterdam.\n966, 971. Samolus emuyacensis, Rorismarini leaf.\n967, 973. Samolus guineensis, racemose flowers, capillaceous interspersed leaves.\n967, 976. Scandens emuyacensis, capreolata plant, cordate serrate leaves.\n967. Serratula Chusanensis, hastate leaf.\n967. Serratula Chusanensis, subtus incano albo.\n970. Siliquifera Chusanensis, Fraxinus leaf, holosericeous fruit.Shewkow Chines. fol. oblongo serrato nervoso. (Chines: Shewkow, foliage oblong, serrated, nervate)\n979. Shuran Chines. Arbor trifoliata, floribus minimis racemiferis. (Chines: Shuran, trifoliate tree, with small racemose flowers)\n980. Stachys Spica, Plantae Chusan. Galeopsis folio. (Chines: Island of Chusan, Stachys Spica, Galeopsis foliage) [This odd plant, along with many others, my worthy and curious friend, Mr. James Cuninghame, sent me recently from the Island of Chusan, which lies in 30 degrees and about 10 minutes latitude.]\n981. Styrax liquida fol. minore, ex Insula Emuy. (Chines: Emuy Island, Styrax liquida, smaller foliage)\n982. Taxus folio, Arbor Japonensis, Singloo dicta. (Chines: Japanese arbor Taxus, Singloo named)\n983. Thea Chusan. floribus majoribus, fol. Alaterni serrato. (Chines: Chusan Thea, larger flowers, Alaternum serrate foliage)\n984. Thea Chusan. flor. minoribus, fol. Alaterni cuspidato. (Chines: Chusan Thea, smaller flowers, Alaternum cuspidate foliage)\n985. Thea Chusan. sylvestris non potabilis. (Chusan Thea, wild, not potable)\n986. Trachelium Carolin. fl. purpureo uno versu disposito, Asclepiadis folio. (Chines: Trachelium Carolin, purple flowered, Asclepiadis foliage)\n987. Vaccinia Chusan. fl. tubuloso, Pruni folio. (Chines: Chusan Vaccinia, tubular flowered, Prunus foliage)\n988. Valerianadendron Madraspatan. minus. (Chines: Madraspatan Valerianadendron, less)\n989. Viburnum Chusan. Spinosum, folio digitato. (Chines: Chusan Viburnum, spiny, digitate foliage)\n990. Vitex Crocodil. fol. oppositis Arbuti. (Chines: Vitex Crocodil, foliage opposite Arbutus)\n991. Vitis facie frutex Emuyac. fol. serratis integris & tripartitis. (Chines: Emuyac grape vine, foliage serrated, whole and tripartite)[Vitis] Forte Emuyac. three-folded, tooth-edged.\n993. [Ulmus] Chusanensis. small-leaved, shrubby Ulmus.\n994. [Ulmus] Emuyac. small-leaved, shining.\n995. Volubilis Chinesis. Lauro-cerasus small-leaved.\n996. Waga Guineensis. spiny, Mimosaceae face woody.\n997. Yang diu Chinesis. Salicis folio ramis pendulis. This is frequently painted on their Japanese work. Of its wood they make Arrows.\n998. Yahap Chinesis. white bark. Anonae folio venoso.\n999. Zizyphus Chusan. silver-leafed, minor flowers.\n1000. Zizyphus Chusan. suberis folio, underside punctated.\n\nAt the Grace of the Duchess of Beaufort's most Noble Garden and Matchless Stoves at Badminton in Gloucestershire, I planted various Curious Plants, most of them raised to Perfection I had never seen before.\n\nFrom Mr. Jacob Bobart, Botanist at Oxford, I have at times received several Curious Plants raised from his collection.\n\nDr. Joannes Philippus Breynis (Son he sent)\n\nMrEdmund Bohun has once again generously presented me with a variety of Insects and several books of Plants, which he collected in Carolina.\n\nI am much obliged to Mr. Edward Bulkley at St. George for several curious Plants, Shells, Insects, and other items which he has frequently procured for me since Samuel Browne's death. I intend to give an account of these, as well as those he will specifically provide.\n\nThe Reverend Father George Joseph Camel has again favored Mr. Ray and me with the accurate prescriptions and designs of several new Plants he has observed growing in the Indies. I have also recently received divers Insects and other curiosities from him, which will soon be figured and described.\n\nMr. Matthew Colvill, Surgeon, gave me a collection of such Shells he found on an island near Malacca.\n\nI am beyond expression obliged to Mr. James Cuninghame. Not only for what he has formerly done, but also for what he has recently performed.In his last voyage to Crinan, he sent me collections from the Cape of Good Hope, Java, and the Crocodile Isles, and twice from the Isles of Ceylon. To these he has added such insects, shells, &c. as he figured in the first and second decade of my Gazophylacium.\n\n9. I am obliged to Mr. FIELD, Surgeon, for some shells and plants he gathered in the Payne's Bay and particularly several which I never received before.\n10. Madam FLIZZABET England, several of them being new, she sent me.\n11. Dr. CHARLES GOODALL, Physician to the Charterhouse and one of the College, observed this last autumn near Tooting Common several curious mushrooms which he was pleased to give me.\n12. Mr. CLAUDIUS HAMILTON, Surgeon, was pleased some time since to give me a book of plants he had collected in Barbados with his observations on them.\n13. From Mr. JAMES HAMILTON, in Edinburgh, I have received several plants.\n14. To Dr. [Name missing]I am obliged to David Krieg for sending me curiosities from Riga during the siege, and later from Paris. (15) The Reverend Dr. Lewis has recently sent me some shells and other items, some of which are in the Philosophical Transactions, second and third Decades of my Tables. (16) In the Bishop of London's Curious Gardens, I annually see many rare plants, several of which are not found in any other English garden. (17) Dr. Nissol, a very curious botanist at Montpelier, has kindly sent me a collection of rare plants that I desired, growing there. (18) My kind friend, the surgeon, has once again brought me several plants and insects from the Guinea coast, some of which I will soon present. (19) Mr. Rance, surgeon, was pleased to give me a collection of shells and other items he found on the Island of Born. (20) To Dr. [Name missing]I have received several rare plants and observations from Richard Richardson in the North of England. I have received several Cape-plants and foreign insects from Dr. Frederick Ruysch, anatomist and professor. I am obliged to Dr. William Sherard for various plant specimens, some of which I had not before. Mr. James Skeen, Surgeon, presented me with several books of plants, shells, and insects observed at Cape tres Puntas and W on the Coast of Guinea. Mr. John Stemburg has sent me many curious Cape-plants, some insects, and is expected to send more. Mr. John Stocker has brought me some shells and insects from an East-Indies voyage. From Mr. (missing name)I have received several uncommon northern plants, which James Sutherland, Superintendant of the Physick Garden in Edinburgh, had gathered wild in Scotland. I am charged to deliver these to:\n\n27. Dr. Pieter Magnus (Pitton Tournefort), Celebrated Botanist and Botanical Professor of the Royal Garden at Paris, for both his Institutions and several curious plants, some of which he gathered around Paris and elsewhere.\n28. M.Secret (possibly a nickname), Chief Gardener to the King of France, for various admirable insects he had recently sent me.\n29. Myn Heer Levinus Vincent, Curious Preserver of all Natural and Artificial Rarities at Amsterdam. I am much obliged to him for the diverse admirable insects he had sent me.\n30. Thomas Walner. This generous gentleman, at the request of my friend Mr. Nobert Ellis, had recently sent me specimens of and some other trees and plants from New Holland (one of the Dutch East Indies) for which I am extremely obliged to him and for his kindness.\n31. Williams.This Gentlewoman, though entirely a stranger, was kind and curious towards insects, particularly butterflies, which she had observed around her residence in Carolina. William Halstead, my hearty friend, brought me several curiosities, including plants, shells, and other items.\n\nA certain curious individual, whose name I am currently obliged to conceal, has sent me, from Carolina, several plants of that country with his remarks on them.\n\nWhat is most curious in these and some others, which, for lack of space, were not included in the third decade (my second having just been completed) of my GAZOPHYLACIUM NATURAE & ARTIS, are what is uncommon in nature or art. I will communicate these, along with other curiosities, from my house in Aldersgate-street, London.\n\nJanuary 16, 1703.\n\nYour humble servant,\nJames Petiver.\n\nFINIS.\n\nLondon: Printed for Sam. Smith and Chr. Bateman, MDCCIII.", "creation_year": 1703, "creation_year_earliest": 1703, "creation_year_latest": 1703, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "COL. MICHELBURNE'S CASE\n\nThe eminent and acceptable service performed to the Crown of England in the vigorous and gallant defense of the City of Londonderry during the siege, which began in the year 1689, is well known and requires no further recommendation than to show the opinion of the best judges, even the King himself. This is evident in the most gracious letter he sent to the governors immediately after the lifting of the siege:\n\nWILLIAM REX,\nTrusty and well-beloved, we greet you well:\n\nThe eminent and extraordinary service you have rendered to Us and Our Kingdoms in general, by your recent resolute and unparalleled defense of Our City of Londonderry, obliges Us in the first place to an humble acknowledgment to Almighty God for His signal mercies in supporting the hearts and courage of Our good subjects amongst those great and various distresses, arising from a furious opposition without.And yet a more pressing necessity within those walls, and sending them at last deliverance, bringing them by your conduct to triumph over their enemies. We cannot but attribute this to an immediate divine assistance, inspiring them with a zeal for the true religion, a love for their country, and an unshaken fidelity towards us. This is a continuance of that miraculous providence which has hitherto conducted us in our endeavors to resettle these nations in all their civil and religious rights and liberties. In the next place, taking into serious consideration the importance of this success and the constancy and bravery by which it has been brought to pass, we will not omit signifying to you the just sense we have of the whole action. In this, having the greatest opportunity that can be put into your hands of any subjects obliging their prince, you have acquitted yourselves in all points to our satisfaction, even beyond what could be expected.That it now lies with us to make such retribution, both to you, the Commanders-in-Chief, who, under God, have been the means of this deliverance; as well as others who have distinguished their loyalty, courage, and patience in this time of trial. We will therefore rely on our royal favor towards you, and in our name, assure the officers, soldiers, and inhabitants of that city that we will take a fitting occasion to recompense their sufferings and services in our cause. Thus, neither they nor any other of our loving subjects shall ever have reason to repent their faithful discharge of duty. Farewell.\n\nGiven at our court at Hampton-Court, August 16, 1689.\n\nTo George Walker and John Michelburne, Esquires.Governors of Londonderry. Despite His Majesty's generous expression of acceptance for this service, Colonel Michelburne and his regiment did not receive payment until January 1690, which was ten months and 25 days later than the rest of the forces in Ireland. They had received commissions, been mustered, and performed their duties equally, yet the money, clothes, and provisions they received in 1689 were withheld from their pay in the following year. This is evidenced by the inclusion of a report on Colonel Michelburne's petition, referred to a Committee of the Honourable House of Commons.\n\nCleaned Text: Governors of Londonderry. Despite His Majesty's generous expression of acceptance for this service, Colonel Michelburne and his regiment did not receive payment until January 1690, ten months and 25 days later than the rest of the forces in Ireland. They had received commissions, been mustered, and performed their duties equally, yet the money, clothes, and provisions they received in 1689 were withheld from their pay in the following year. This is evidenced by the inclusion of a report on Colonel Michelburne's petition, referred to a Committee of the Honourable House of Commons.In the year 1698. Upon examining Colonel Michelburne's petition: It appears to this committee, by a commission under His Majesty's hand (when Prince of Orange), dated February 5, 1688, that the said Colonel Michelburne was appointed Major of a regiment commanded by Colonel Sheffinton. With this regiment, the said Colonel Michelburne marched into the town of Londonderry in April before the late siege, where he remained with his regiment in defense of the place until the death of Colonel Baker, which occurred about the middle of June. Upon Baker's death, Colonel Michelburne was chosen by the whole garrison as governor and commander-in-chief, with Dr. Walker. Colonel Michelburne performed all duties during the siege's difficulties, managing the military aspect, and by God's blessing and assistance, defended the city to the last extremity.Until Major-General Kirke provided relief with provisions, the enemy raised their siege, burned their camp, and marched off. Upon Kirke's entry into the town, the colonel drew out the garrison. Kirke mustered Colonel Michelburne's regiment and gave him a commission, dated August 3, 1689, to be the sole governor of the city and colonel of the regiment. It also appeared to this committee, by His Majesty's royal letter under His Sign-Manual, dated August 6, 1689, Countersigned Shrewsbury, and addressed to George Walker and John Michelburne, Esquires, Governors of Londonderry, that the king graciously acknowledged the eminent and extraordinary services performed by them in the resolute and unprecedented defense of the town, and promised a just recompense for the commanders in chief who had been the instruments of this success under God.And it appeared to this Committee that Colonel Michelburne, like others who distinguished themselves with loyalty, courage, and patience during that time of trial, would receive His Majesty's recompense for their service and sufferings. The colonel and his regiment, under Duke Schonberg's command, joined the army in February 1689 and were posted on the frontiers, remaining in His Majesty's service until their disbandment on April 4, 1690, in Ireland. His Majesty, by commission dated August 11, 1690, confirmed Colonel Michelburne's command of the regiment, with a clause in the commission for it to take effect as if dated March 10, 1688. The Committee also learned from an account signed by Mr. Pansford, deputy to Mr. Fox, Paymaster-General of Ireland, that a sum remained owed to Colonel Michelburne and his regiment for their pay.From January 1, 1689, the sum of 16,028 pounds, 18 shillings, remains due to the regiment, after deducting 1,078 pounds, 19 shillings, 6 pence, paid to Colonel Michelburne for use of his regiment before it was on the English establishment. Therefore, the regiment is owed 14,949 pounds, 18 shillings, 6 pence. Additionally, Colonel Michelburne is owed 992 pounds for his pay as Governor of Londonderry, at 20 shillings per day. The list of officers is attached.\n\nBased on this report, the Honorable House of Commons addressed the monarch on Colonel Michelburne's behalf. However, they are still awaiting payment, forcing him to make this further application, requesting nothing more.But he may be put on equal terms with the rest of the army, as he and his regiment have not yet received any pay (excepting the mentioned 1078 pounds 19 shillings 6 pence) for ten months and twenty-five days, during which the remarkable defense of Derry occurred. Therefore, it is thought just that as much regard be had to this debt as to any other arrears of the army, since the service performed for it has been considered of equal consequence to the nation as anything else done during the war by those who received their pay in due time.\n\nFurthermore, on behalf of Colonel Michelburne, it may be offered that his continued presence, rather than leaving at a time when the service required his attendance, brought him under this inconvenience and loss. For who can doubt that if he had come to England with Dr. Walker?He had been entitled to a reward for his services, at least equal to that of the Doctor, who received 5000 pounds from the king and had his regiment put on the establishment to receive regular pay. But unfortunately, he received no reward. Worse still, the government of Derry, for which he had been commissioned, was taken away from him while he was serving in Ireland. Despite reaching the post of being the eldest colonel (next to general officers) in the entire Irish army, he was among the first to be reduced during the disbanding of the forces there.", "creation_year": 1703, "creation_year_earliest": 1703, "creation_year_latest": 1703, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "William Rex.\n\nWilliam and Mary, by the Grace of God, to all to whom these presents come, Greeting.\n\nWhereas certain Articles were made and agreed upon between Our Justices of Our Kingdom of Ireland and Our General of Our Forces there, on the one part, and several officers commanding within the City of Limerick, in Our said Kingdom, on the other part, on the third day of October last past. We have undertaken to ratify those Articles within eight months or sooner, and to use Our utmost endeavors that they should be ratified and confirmed in Parliament. The tenor of these Articles is as follows:\n\nArticles agreed upon the third day of October, 1691, between:\nThe Right Honourable Sir Charles Porter, Kt. and Thomas Coningesby, Esq., Lord Justices of Ireland,\nAnd His Excellency the Baron de Ginckle, Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of the English Army.And the Right Honourable Patrick Earl of Lucan, Piercy Viscount Gallmoy, Colonel Nicholas Pursell, Colonel Nicholas Cusarke, Sir Toby Butler, Colonel Garret Dillon, and Colonel John Browne, on behalf of the Irish inhabitants in the City and County of Limerick, the Counties of Clare, Kerry, Cork, Sligo, and Mayo, in consideration of the surrender of the City of Limerick and other agreements made between Lieutenant General Ginkel, the Governor of the City of Limerick, and the generals of the Irish army, bearing date with these presents for the surrender of the said city and submission of the said army:\n\nI. The Roman Catholics of this kingdom shall enjoy such privileges in the exercise of their religion as are consistent with the laws of Ireland, or as they did enjoy in the reign of King Charles II. And their majesties, as soon as their affairs will permit, shall summon a parliament in this kingdom to grant them such further allowances as, according to the laws and customs of the realm, they shall think fit.I will make every effort to secure the Roman Catholics in that matter, ensuring they are free from disturbance due to their religion in Limerick and other garrisons under Irish possession: Counties Limerick, Clare, Kerry, Corke, and Mayo. All inhabitants, residents, officers, and soldiers holding commissions from King James or authorized by him in these counties, as well as commissioned officers in the King's quarters belonging to Irish regiments not currently prisoners of war or protected, and who submit to the obedience of the monarch and their heirs, shall hold their lands and possessions according to the laws and statutes in effect during the reign of King Charles II. These individuals will be put back in possession by government order of those held by the King.And all estates held by tenants, free from any suit or trouble regarding them, and exempt from all arrears from Michaelmas One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty Eight up to the date of this document. All persons included in this article shall have, hold, and enjoy their goods and chattels, real and personal, whether in their own possession or in the hands of any person, as trustees or for their use, and may freely practice their professions, trades, and callings as they did during the reign of King Charles II. However, this article does not apply to or restore forfeited persons currently outside the kingdom, except those specifically mentioned. Provided also:III. No person whatsoever shall have the benefit of this Article if they neglect or refuse to take the Oath of Allegiance made by Act of Parliament in England in the First Year of their present Majesties' reign, when required.\n\nIII. Merchants or reputed merchants of the City of Limerick or any other garrison now possessed by the Irish, or of any town or place in the Counties of Clare or Kerry, who are absent beyond the seas and have not borne arms since their Majesties' declaration in February One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty Eight, shall have the benefit of the Second Article in the same manner as if they were present: Provided such merchants and reputed merchants repair into this Kingdom within eight months from the date hereof.\n\nIV. The following officers: Colonel Simon Luttrel, Captain Rowland White, Maurice Eustace of Yermanstowne, Chivers of Maystowne, commonly called Mount-Linster.Now belonging to the Regiments in the aforementioned garrisons and quarters of the Irish Army, who are beyond the seas and sent there on affairs of their respective Regiments or the Army in general, shall have the benefit and advantage of the second article, provided they return here within the space of eight months from the date of these presents and submit to their Majesties.\n\nII. That all and singular the persons comprised in the second and third articles shall have a general pardon of all attainders, outlawries, treasons, misprisions of treason, premunires, felonies, trespasses, and other crimes and misdemeanors whatsoever, by them or any of them committed, since the beginning of the reign of King James II. And if any of them are attained by Parliament, the Lords Justices and General will use their best endeavors to get the same repealed by Parliament, and the outlawries to be reversed gratis, all but writing clerks' fees.\n\nIV. And whereas the present wars have brought on great violence on both parts.And if Leave were given to bring all kinds of private actions, the animosities would likely continue, which have been ongoing for too long, and public disturbances would last. For the quieting and settling of this kingdom, and avoiding the inconveniences that would necessarily result from the contrary, no person or persons whatsoever, comprised in the foregoing articles, shall be sued, molested, or impleaded at the suit of any party or parties whatsoever, for any trespasses committed by them, or for any arms, horses, money, goods, merchandise, or provisions whatsoever seized or taken during the time of the war. And no person or persons whatsoever in the second or third articles comprised, shall be sued, impleaded, or made accountable for the rents or mean rents of any lands, tenements, or houses by him or them received or enjoyed in this kingdom.Since the beginning of the present Var, up to the Day of this Date; nor for any vast or trespasses committed in any such lands, tenements, or houses by him or them. This Article is also agreed to be mutual and reciprocal on both sides.\n\nVII. Every nobleman and gentleman included in the said Second or Third Article shall have liberty to ride with a sword and a case of pistols, if they think fit, and keep:\n\nVIII. The inhabitants and residents in the City of Limerick and other garrisons shall be permitted to remove their goods, chattels, and provisions out of the same, without being viewed or searched, or paying any manner of duties, and shall not be compelled to leave the houses or lodgings they now have, for the space of six weeks next following the Date hereof.\n\nIX. The oath to be administered to such Roman Catholics as submit to their Majesties' Government shall be the oath above-said, and no other.\n\nX. No person or persons who shall at any time hereafter break these Articles or any of them.XI. The Lords-Justices and General promise to use their utmost efforts to protect and defend all persons included in the abovementioned Articles from arrests and executions for debt or damage for a period of eight months.\nXII. FINALLY, The Lords-Justices and General undertake that the monarchs will ratify these Articles within eight months or sooner, and will use their utmost efforts to secure their ratification and confirmation in Parliament.\nXIII. AND, as Colonel John Browne was indebted to several Protestants with judgments of record, which, appearing to the late government, the Lord Tyrconnell and Lord Lucan took away the effects John Browne had to pay off the debts. They promised to clear Colonel John Browne of these debts.For freeing Lord Lucan from his public engagement, paying the Protestants, preventing John Browne's ruin, and satisfying his creditors, the Lords-Justices and Baron de Ginckle will intercede with the King and Parliament to secure Estates for Roman Catholics in this kingdom. The amount of effects taken from John Browne, which Lord Lucan and others will certify under their hands, will determine the portion of the debts they are liable to pay. This account is to be stated within twenty days of this date. We have signed this agreement.Cha. Porter, Thos. Coningesby, Baron de Ginkel, Pres. Scravenmore, H. Mackay, J. Talmach. Since the surrender of the City of Limerick, in accordance with the Articles, we hereby declare that we, along with our heirs and successors, ratify and confirm those Articles and every clause, matter, and thing contained within them. For parts requiring an Act of Parliament, we will recommend making them good and give our royal assent to any bills passed by our Two Houses of Parliament for that purpose. It has been agreed between the parties to the Articles that after \"Limerick, Clare, Kerry, Corke, Mayo, or any of them\" in the second article, the following words:And all such as are under their protection in the said Counties should be included, and be part of the said Articles. Words having been casually omitted by the Writer, the omission was not discovered till after the articles were signed, but was taken notice of before the second town was surrendered; and that our said Justices and General, or one of them, did promise that the said clause should be made good, it being within the intention of the said capitulation and included in the foul draft thereof. Our further will and pleasure is, and we do hereby ratify and confirm the said omitted words: And all such as are under their protection in the said Counties. Hereby for us, our heirs and successors, ordaining and declaring, that all and every person and persons therein concerned, shall and may have, receive, and enjoy the benefit thereof, in such and the same manner, as if the said words had been included in their proper place in the said second article. Any omission, defect.[Provided always, and our will and pleasure is, that these our Letters-Patents be enrolled in Our Court of Chancery in Ireland within one year next ensuing. In witness whereof, etc.\n\nThe Articles of Limerick. Ratified under the Great Seal of England.]", "creation_year": 1703, "creation_year_earliest": 1703, "creation_year_latest": 1703, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "It was little expected by the College of Physicians that, after assisting them in the passage of the Apothecaries Bill and perhaps going beyond their duty, they would find themselves frequently reflected upon in both Public Papers and Pleadings to the Two Houses of Parliament, which necessitates this short but necessary vindication of the College and Faculty.\n\nThe chief thing the Apothecaries would insinuate is their great charity, especially towards the meaner sort of people and servants, implying that the Physicians do nothing for charity for the poor; but this is far from the truth. Frequent complaints have been made to the President and Censors of the College regarding the Physicians' extortions and unreasonableness in their bills to the poorer people. And whereas the Physicians are always ready to give advice gratis to the Poor in their Several Wards, both in the City and Suburbs.and are obliged to provide medicines to the poor by a standing College order, which was formerly presented to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen for publication in the wards. However, the poor cannot benefit from this because of the excessive rates the apothecaries charge for the medicines. If the apothecaries sold their medicines to the poor for their intrinsic value or at moderate prices, this order could be effective for the public good. The second thing they recommend is their diligent attendance upon sick persons of all sorts day and night. We acknowledge they are very busy and necessary in all families, but this is primarily for their own profit, allowing them to subtly introduce and establish private practice under the guise of giving medicine to the poor, while being well paid for the medicines they give to the meanest, as well as the rich.They find an opportunity by feigning care and sedulously ingratiating themselves with patients, while their true intent is to spy which bottles are empty and fault with the juleps and cordials, as they have grown sour and require renewing. They take occasion by frequently administering the medicines on their own heads, without the physician's knowledge, to increase their bills to an incredible rate, filling their own purses at the patient's great oppression. They often charge for their officious visits and sometimes demand fees for their advice.\n\nApothecaries' attendance abroad may be necessary in some extraordinary cases, but generally, their duty is at home, where they would best serve the patient by faithfully and carefully making up the physician's prescriptions and preventing their frequent and many fatal mistakes committed by their ignorant boys. However, administering the prescribed medicines to the patient is not their responsibility.The Apothecaries' attendance was of little need, as it could be adequately handled by servants and nurses based on the English directions given by the physician. The College recognized the mistakes made by apothecaries when they English-translated their Latin directions and enacted a statute requiring members to only provide instructions for compounding medicines in their bills, while leaving English directions for the patients' use at home. This would have pleased the apothecaries if they found their frequent attendance burdensome and had no further motive. However, they did not take this kindly from the College, despite the ease and public benefit, and brought Lord Chancellor Jeffreys down in great fury to visit the College.Though he was eventually satisfied with the college's reasons for the statute. The third good thing these men claim is that the public derives equal benefit from their profession as from physicians; they place themselves on the same level. But is compounding medicines as beneficial to the public as inventing them? Is any apothecary as useful to the world as Harvey, Willis, Bates, or even old Galen and Hippocrates? They refer to their trade as a profession, and themselves as professors; cooks and bakers could make the same claim. They are part of the mechanical aspect of medicine, but not of its science, any more than those who can prepare sage posset-drink or mace ale. The fourth thing they assert is that 133,000 families receive an advantage from their undisturbed attendance.as if no one else was required to do business in these Families but themselves; yet they lamentably complain that quacks take most of their business; and it is true in fact, that the faces of the poor, ground down by their extortion in their bills which they cannot pay, generally apply themselves to the quacks.\n\nA fifth thing they openly pleaded was, that they must have equal skill as any physician; for the physician has only his own prescriptions, whereas they see those of most of the best and learned physicians and gain great experience. Indeed, if they had any true foundation in the grounds of medicine, if they understood the true natural philosophy, anatomy, the seat of diseases, with their symptoms, and the reasons for them, this might be of advantage to them, as it is to young physicians who improve themselves in universities, in their travels, and here in town, by visiting hospitals, consulting the files.And frequenting the company of the most eminent Practitioners, but lacking this foundation, the argument is just as true if the Clerk of the Temple Church were to declare that he must needs be a better Divine than Dr. Sherlock. For Dr. Sherlock only knows what he knows and hears himself preach, but the Clerk hears both him and all the eminent Divines who usually preach to those ingenious societies, and on most subjects and cases in Divinity. It is tedious to pursue these Gentlemen in the rest of their presumptuous allegations. In short, what they claim is Charity, unwearied diligence to the sick, and public good, like generous and disinterested Men; but strip away the mask, and you'll find a liberty of practice is all they aim at; the rest is sham and banter. And indeed, the only way to make that plausible Pretence of theirs real Charity.To find out means to regulate unreasonable Bills of the College of Physicians, burdensome to the rich and ruinous to the poor. This can be achieved by granting the College President and Censors the power to tax them, or by other methods Parliament deems appropriate, following the customs of foreign countries. It is hoped Parliament will not deny this liberty of practice for the encouragement of Physick and the sake of their younger sons, many of whom may derive subsistence from this Faculty.\n\nFIN.", "creation_year": 1703, "creation_year_earliest": 1694, "creation_year_latest": 1712, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"},
{"content": "A Proposal for Raising the Annual Sum of \u2082\u2081 thousand six hundred sixty-six pounds, thirteen shillings and four pence:\n\nIn order to raise this sum, a duty of one penny is proposed to be laid upon all seals made in Great Britain. According to a strict computation, this will raise the above-mentioned sum, as may be seen by the following specimen.\n\nIn London and other parts of the kingdom, there are 100,000 pieces of woolen stuffs and broad cloth made in one week. By laying a duty of one penny upon every seal for the sealing of the same, the above-mentioned sum of \u2082\u2081 thousand six hundred sixty-six pounds, thirteen shillings and four pence is raised.\n\nThe proposer hereof has carefully examined the number of weavers looms, which are constantly employed in making broad cloth and woolen stuffs, and finds that it will answer his proposal in every particular. This may be collected without any new office or additional charge whatsoever.\n\nSubmitted for your consideration,\nHugh Martin.", "creation_year": 1703, "creation_year_earliest": 1700, "creation_year_latest": 1705, "source_dataset": "EEBO", "source_dataset_detailed": "EEBO_Phase2"}
]