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answer the question of "Who am I?" "Mikrokosmos" and "Home" are songs dedicated to the fans, as they are the home that comforts BTS when they are tired and lonely. The track "Mikrokosmos" is named after the Greek word for "microcosm", and the song's Korean name, 소우주 (romanized as so-u-ju), means the same. BTS stated that "Mikrokosmos" would "paint the world through human interest". "Make It Right" is a collaboration between BTS and Ed Sheeran, and "Jamais Vu" is a unit song consisting of the members J-Hope, Jin, and Jungkook. The EP also features references to Greek mythology, with a track called "Dionysus", the Greek god of grapes and wine, and their concept photos depicting a few of the members holding grapes. It was described as a strong hip hop track with an intense beat, significant rock influence, vocoder effects and features Jin's rocking adlibs throughout the song. Promotion Pre-release The introductory video played before the band's performance at the 2018 Mnet Asian Music Awards in Hong Kong had hinted at the title before its official announcement. The album is reportedly the "beginning of a new chapter" for the band, and the first in a new series of albums. On March 27, the trailer for the album was released named "Persona". The solo featured RM, the leader of BTS, and was described by Refinery29's Natalie Morin as "a colorful, dynamic song" and "nodding to the band's coming-of-age and self-discovery themes." The trailer for the song "Boy with Luv" featuring American singer Halsey was released on April 7, 2019. The second teaser trailer was released on April 10 and featured a longer sample of "Boy with Luv". Live performances BTS made several appearances on television and in live shows to promote Map of the Soul: Persona. The group performed "Boy with Luv" for the first time on April 13, 2019, on Saturday Night Live as the first Asian act to perform live on the show. BTS also performed "Boy with Luv" with Halsey for the first time at the 2019 Billboard Music Awards. On May 15, BTS kicked off Good Morning Americas 'Summer Concert Series' as headliners at Central Park in Manhattan with performances of "Boy with Luv" and "Fire". On May 16, BTS recreated The Beatles' iconic 1964 U.S. television debut in their black-and-white performance of "Boy with Luv" at The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. They also sang "Make it Right" in the same show on May 18. On May 21, BTS appeared on the finale of The Voice to perform "Boy with Luv". They also performed the song at Britain Got Talent's fourth semi-final on May 30. On November 30, BTS performed "Intro: Persona", "Boy with Luv", "Mikrokosmos", and "Dionysus" at the 2019 Melon Music Awards with throwbacks to "Boy in Luv" and "N.O" from their earlier works. BTS then traveled to Japan to perform early singles "N.O" and "We are Bulletproof Pt. 2" before wrapping the set with "Boy with Luv", "Mikrokosmos", and "Dionysus" at the 2019 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Two days later, BTS appeared as a headliner at the KIIS-FM Jingle Ball in Los Angeles, performing earlier track "Mic Drop" along with "Boy with Luv" and "Make it Right". BTS performed in South Korea at the SBS Gayo Daejun and KBS Song Festival on December 25 and 27, respectively, before traveling to New York's Times Square to usher in the new year with performances of "Make it Right" and "Boy with Luv" at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve. Critical reception Map of the Soul: Persona received generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which

assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, Map of the Soul: Persona received an average score of 74 based on 11 reviews. Neil Z. Young of AllMusic gave the album a positive review, stating, "Although it's only the first piece of the puzzle, on its own, Map of the Soul: Persona is a fitting celebration for a group at the top of their game." Rhian Daly of NME wrote that "Map Of The Soul: Persona impressively and cohesively flies from genre to genre, but sounds more confident than ever." Douglas Greenwood of The Independent, however, gave the album a mixed review, pointing out that, "When they stand on their own two feet without the major co-stars, BTS are still fully confident of their own sound" but "the music, production-wise, falls a little by the wayside when it comes to breaking new ground." Commercial performance According to iriver Inc, the distributor for the Map of the Soul: Persona, stock preorders for the EP surpassed 2.68 million copies over the first five days of the preorder period. The number was later updated to 3.07 million on April 11, the day before the EP's release. In South Korea, the EP recorded 2.13 million first-week sales, the highest number for an artist in the country since the Hanteo Chart began tracking weekly sales at its inception. Map of the Soul: Persona debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart with all tracks debuting on the Gaon Digital Chart, including the lead single "Boy With Luv", which debuted at 17 and reached number one the following week. The songs "Mikrokosmos" and "Make It Right" also reached the top ten in their second charting week, debuting at 31 and 39 before peaking at number eight and ten respectively. Map of the Soul: Persona sold 3,229,032 copies in its first month the country, making it the highest-selling release on the Gaon Music Chart since its inception in 2011. The EP also became the best-selling album of all time in South Korea, surpassing Kim Gun-mo's 1995 album Wrongful Encounter. In May 2019, the album received 3x Million certification from Gaon for surpassing three million total sales. BTS are the first group to be awarded the certification. In the United Kingdom, Personas midweek sales were higher than the first week sales of BTS' three previous Top 20 releases combined, including Love Yourself: Tear, the only BTS album to hit the UK top ten. Map of the Soul: Persona eventually became BTS' first number one album in the United Kingdom, as well as the first Korean musical act to reach number one, with 26,500 album-equivalent units, 68% of which (roughly 18,020 albums) came from pure sales. The EP's lead single "Boy with Luv" debuted at number 13 on the UK singles chart, becoming BTS' first top-15 track in the United Kingdom. Two other tracks from Persona, "Mikrokosmos" and "Make It Right", debuted on the singles chart at number 71 and 74 respectively. The EP debuted at number one on Australia's ARIA Albums Chart, becoming the first chart-topping album sung in an Asian language. The album became BTS' fourth top-ten album in Australia, following their three Love Yourself series albums: Love Yourself: Her, Love Yourself: Tear, and Love Yourself: Answer, released in 2017 and 2018. "Boy with Luv" debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Singles Chart, becoming BTS' first top-ten single in the country. In the United States, Map of the Soul: Persona debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 232,000 album-equivalent units, including 196,000 pure album sales, becoming the band's

biggest week in terms of units. It is BTS' third number-one album in roughly 11 months, making them the first band to achieve three number-ones in a year since the Beatles in 1995 through 1996. BTS also became the band with the second-fastest accumulation of three number-one albums since the Billboard 200's inception. The EP's lead single "Boy With Luv" debuted at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 with 31,000 pure sales and 19.5 million streams. The track is BTS' highest-charting song and second top-ten song following "Fake Love", which peaked at number 10, and the first K-Pop group with multiple top-tens as well as the second Korean artist, following Psy. "Make It Right" also charted on the Hot 100, debuting at number 95 with 11,600 pure sales and making BTS the first Korean artist to have two simultaneous songs appear on the chart. All songs from the EP appeared on the Billboard Digital Songs chart with a cumulative 82,100 purchases across all seven tracks. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 22, for selling over half a million units, and is their second album after 2018's Love Yourself: Answer to achieve this. Track listing Track listing adapted from the liner notes of the physical album.Notes:' "Intro: Persona" was also called "Persona" during its pre-release period. Fred Gibson's producer credit is under the stylized name "FRED". "Home" is stylized in all caps. "Jamais Vu" is stylized in sentence case. Personnel Personnel adapted from the liner notes of the physical album. Adora – songwriting, digital editing, chorus Tushar Apte – songwriting Arcades – producing Bad Milk – producing BTS – primary vocals Roman Campolo – songwriting El Capitxn – digital editing Bobby Chung – songwriting Lauren Dyson – songwriting Melanie Joy Fontana – songwriting, chorus Ashley "Halsey" Frangipane – featured vocals, songwriting, chorus Benjy Gibson – songwriting Fred Gibson – production, songwriting, drums, keyboard, synthesizer, programming Max Lynedoch Graham – songwriting, guitar, keyboard, percussion, vocoder, programming Jo Hill – songwriting "Hitman" Bang – songwriting Hiss Noise – songwriting, production, keyboard, synthesizer, guitar, gang vocal, recording engineer, digital editing Jeong U-yeong – digital editing J-Hope – songwriting, gang vocal, chorus Jungkook – chorus Kim Si-yeon – recording engineer Ryan Lawrie – songwriting Lee Tae-uk – guitar Marcus McCoan – producer, songwriting, chorus, programming Park Jin-sae – recording engineer Pdogg – songwriting, production, vocal arrangement, rap arrangement, keyboard, synthesizer, gang vocal, recording engineer, digital editing Phil X – guitar James F. Reynolds – songwriting RM – songwriting, rap arrangement, gang vocal, chorus, recording engineer Owen Roberts – songwriting, keyboard, percussion Julia Ross – songwriting Michel "Lindgren" Schulz – songwriting, recording engineer Ed Sheeran – songwriting Song Jae-kyung – songwriting Suga – songwriting Supreme Boi – songwriting, rap arrangement, gang vocal, recording engineer, digital editing Matty Thompson – songwriting, guitar, keyboard, percussion, vocoder Emily Weisband – songwriting Alex Williams – recording engineer Krysta Youngs – songwriting Accolades Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications and sales Release history See also List of best-selling albums in South Korea List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2019 List of Gaon Album Chart number ones of 2019 List of K-pop songs on the Billboard charts List of K-pop albums on the Billboard charts List of number-one albums of 2019 (Australia) List of number-one albums of 2019 (Canada) List of UK top-ten albums in 2019 Notes References Category:2019 EPs Category:BTS (band) albums Category:Korean-language albums Category:IRIVER EPs

Polja Polja is a small town in Montenegro. According to the 2003 census, the town has a population of 1506 people. References Category:Populated places in Mojkovac Municipality

Radial force variation Radial force variation or road force variation (RFV) is a property of a tire that affects steering, traction, braking and load support. High values of RFV for a given tire reflect a high level of manufacturing variations in the tire structure that will impart ride disturbances into the vehicle in the vertical direction. RFV is measured according to processes specified by the ASTM International in ASTM F1806 – Standard Practice for Tire Testing. Explanation RFV can best be explained by example. Assume a perfectly uniform tire mounted on a perfectly round wheel loaded with a constant force against a perfectly round test wheel. As the wheel turns, it turns the tire, and the tire carcass undergoes repeated deformation and recovery as it enters and exits the contact area. If we measure the radial force between the tire and the wheel we will see zero change as the tire turns. If we now test a typical production tire we will see the radial force vary as the tire turns. This variation will be induced by two primary mechanisms, variation in the thickness of the tire, and variation in the elastomeric properties of the tire. Consider a good tire with RFV of . This tire will induce a 6-pound force upward into the vehicle every rotation. The frequency of the force will increase in direct proportion to rotating speed. Tire makers test tires at the point of manufacture to verify that the RFV is within allowable quality limits. Tires that exceed these limits may be scrapped or sold to markets that do not require stringent quality. Spring model RFV is often explained by modelling the tire as being a ring composed of short compression springs. As the tire turns a spring element makes contact with the road and is compressed. As the spring rotates out of the contact area it recovers to its original length. In practice, these springs have slight differences in their lengths and spring constants. These variations result in RFV. Tires are complex composite structures made of many different components that are assembled on a drum and cured in a mold. As a result, there are many conditions that result in RFV. These include variations in: tread extrusion thickness and symmetry, tread splice, body ply splices, inner liner splice, bead symmetry, turn-up symmetry, building drum alignment, transfer ring alignment, curing press bead seating, shaping bladder alignment and control, mold runout, and mold alignment. All of these factors can lead to variations in the material distribution and thickness that are modelled as spring length. The various tire components also are made from different materials, each of which exhibit variation in their elastic properties. These variations are influenced by rubber viscoelastic properties, mixing dispersion and uniformity, and cure heat history, among other things. Waveform analysis RFV is a complex waveform. It is expressed using several standard methods, including peak-to-peak, first harmonic, second harmonic, and higher-order harmonics. In production RFV testing these are reported as both magnitudes and angles. References Category:Tires

Muelleromyces Muelleromyces is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae. References External links Index Fungorum Category:Sordariomycetes genera Category:Phyllachorales

Serlo Serlo or Sarlo (French Serlon, Italian Serlone) is a Norman masculine given name, and may refer to: Serlo I of Hauteville (fl. 11th century), son of Tancred of Hauteville Serlo II of Hauteville, son and namesake of Serlo I Serlo (priest), inaugural dean of Exeter Serlo de Burci, Norman who became a landowner in south-west England after the Norman conquest Serlo (bishop of Sées) Serlo of Wilton, English poet Serlo (abbot of Gloucester) (d. 1104) abbot of Gloucester Abbey Serlo (abbot of Cirencester) (d. c. 1148) abbot of Cirencester Abbey See also List of Lord Mayors of London for the mayor named Serlo

Karl Lueger Karl Lueger (; 24 October 1844 – 10 March 1910) was an Austrian politician, mayor of Vienna, and leader and founder of the Austrian Christian Social Party. He is credited with the transformation of the city of Vienna into a modern city. The populist and antisemitic politics of his Christian Social Party are sometimes viewed as a model for Adolf Hitler's Nazism. Life and early career Karl Lueger came from a modest background, born at Wieden (since 1850 the 4th district of Vienna) to Leopold Lueger of Neustadtl an der Donau and his wife Juliane. His birthplace is now the western part of the main building of the Vienna University of Technology at Karlsplatz where Lueger's father worked as an usher at the Vienna Polytechnic. He nevertheless was able to attend the renowned Theresianum boarding school (Theresianische Ritterakademie) as a day student. He studied law at the University of Vienna, receiving his doctorate in 1870. While at the university he was a member of the Catholic Student Association (Katholische akademische Verbindung Norica Wien, K.A.V. Norica Wien), part of the Österreichische Cartellverband (ÖCV) fraternities. He established his own lawyer's office in Vienna in 1874 and soon became known as a "little people's" („kleinen Leute“) advocate. In this his role model and mentor was the popular Jewish physician and local politician Ignaz Mandl, known as "God of the Little People" in Lueger's district of Landstraße (Third District), whom he followed into political life. The association ended when Lueger became identified with antisemitism. Political career Lueger played a part in many political spheres, including Vienna City Council where he eventually became mayor, the federal Austrian parliament, and the state parliament of Lower Austria. Viennese municipal politics In 1875, he was elected to Vienna's City Council (Gemeinderat), initially as a liberal. He would serve on the council until his death, save for a two-year break from 1876 to 1878. He campaigned against the government of liberal mayor Cajetan Felder and achieved popularity as a campaigner against corruption. In 1888 he brought together the German National (Deutschnationale) and Christian Social factions at City Hall to form a group that later became known as the United Christians (Vereinigte Christen). After the 1895 elections for the Vienna Gemeinderat, the Christian Socials won two thirds of the seats, ending the long Liberal rule. The Christian Social supermajority subsequently elected Lueger as mayor. However, during imperial times, mayors had to be confirmed in office by Emperor Franz Joseph. The emperor allegedly loathed Lueger as a person and considered him a dangerous revolutionary. He was also concerned about Lueger's antisemitism. With the support of Prime Minister Kasimir Felix Badeni, Franz Joseph refused to confirm Lueger as mayor. The Christian Socials retained a large majority in the council, and reelected Lueger as mayor three more times, only to have Franz Joseph refuse to confirm him each time. He was elected mayor for a fifth time in 1897, and after a personal intercession by Pope Leo XIII, his election was finally sanctioned later that year. He was a zealous Catholic and wished to “capture the university” for the Church. He would have neither Social Democrats nor Pan-Germans nor Jews in the municipal administration. He secured good treatment for Czech immigrants. He planned to make Vienna one of the most beautiful of garden cities. In his incumbency, Lueger is credited with the extension of the public water supply by its second main aquifer (Hochquellwasserleitung), which provides tap water of mineral-water quality to large parts of the city. He also pursued the municipalization of gas and electricity works as well as the

establishment of a public transport system, introducing streetcars, and of numerous institutions of social welfare, most of which strongly relied on debt financing. He incorporated the suburbs, and built parks, gardens, hospitals, and schools. Der schöne Karl ("handsome Karl") achieved tremendous popularity among the citizens. During his tenure, Vienna ultimately changed its appearance as the capital of a great power of the pre-World War I era—a heritage that remained even in Red Vienna after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918. A significant part of the infrastructure and organisations that are responsible for the high standard of living in the contemporary city were created during his terms of office. Lueger served as mayor of Vienna until his early death from diabetes mellitus in 1910. He was buried in the crypt of the newly erected St. Charles Borromeo Church at the Zentralfriedhof (also called Dr. Karl Lueger Memorial Church), whose groundbreaking ceremony he had performed. Christian Social movement Lueger's early political life was associated with Georg von Schönerer and the German National Party, which was antisemitic. From the late 1880s onwards Lueger was a regular attendee at the influential circles of clerical social conservative politicians around Karl von Vogelsang, Prince Aloys Franz de Paula Maria of Liechtenstein, and the theologian Franz Martin Schindler. In view of the rising labour movement, the participants on the basis of Catholic social teaching developed ideas to overcome social polarisation by several measures of social security legislation and the common Catholic faith. Moreover, after an 1882 electoral reform had expanded the electorate suffrage, Lueger focussed on petty bourgeois tradespersons, who assumed the Jewish competition to be the underlying cause of their precarious situation, and discovered that raising the "Jewish Question" earned him enormous popularity. In 1885 he was elected to the lower house (Abgeordnetenhaus) of the Austrian Imperial Parliament (Reichsrat), representig the Fifth District of Vienna, and was returned in the 1891 election. From 1890 he was also a member of the Lower Austria parliament (Landtag). Lueger, Prince Liechtenstein, Vogelsang and Schindler met regularly at the Hotel Zur goldenen Ente (Golden Duck, Riemergasse 4) in Vienna's First District, and would refer to their meetings as Enten-Abende (Duck Evenings). This working group became the focus for social reform, and they organised the Second Austrian Katholikentag in 1889. From this Schindler developed the platform of the fledgling Christian Social Party (Christlichsoziale Partei, CS). Lueger was to found and lead the party in 1893, which quickly rivaled the Social Democrats (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ). He remained one of its most effective leaders till his death and developed his party's federation policy as a means of dealing with the monarchy's issues of multiple nationalities. Much of Lueger's popularity stemmed from his appeal to women; his female followers were variously known as "Lueger's Amazons", "the Lueger Garde" or "Lueger Gretls" and were organised in the Christian Social Women's League. Although women could not vote, he calculated that they could significantly influence how their menfolk voted, and they also inculcated the party ideology in their children. To maintain his female following, Lueger remained a bachelor and publicly disavowed any private life, claiming that he was too busy because he belonged totally to "my Viennese". After his death there was a scandal when his long-time mistress, Marianne Beskiba, published a tell-all memoir including facsimiles of love letters from him; the book provides useful information about his political tactics and how the party was run. Antisemitism Lueger was known for his antisemitic rhetoric and referred to himself as an admirer of Edouard Drumont, who founded the Antisemitic League of France in 1889. Decades later, Adolf

Hitler, an inhabitant of Vienna from 1907 to 1913, saw him as an inspiration for his own views on Jews. Though not an explicit pan-Germanist, Lueger advocated racist policies against non-German speaking minorities in Austria-Hungary and in 1887 voted for a bill proposed by his long-time opponent Georg von Schönerer to restrict the immigration of Russian and Romanian Jews. He also overtly supported the völkisch movement of Guido von List and created the pun "Judapest", referring to supposed Jewish domination of the Hungarian capital, Budapest. The historian Léon Poliakov wrote in The History of Anti-Semitism: It soon became apparent that especially in Vienna any political group that wanted to appeal to the artisans had no chance of success without an anti-Semitic platform. [...] It was at that time that a well-known phrase was coined in Vienna: "Anti-Semitism is the socialism of fools." The situation was exploited by the Catholic politician Karl Lueger, the leader of Austrian Christian-Social party with a program identical to that of the Berlin party of the same name led by Pastor Stoeker. In 1887, Lueger raised the banner of anti-Semitism. [...] However, the enthusiastic tribute that Hitler paid him in Mein Kampf does not seem justified, for the Jews did not suffer under his administration. Other observers contend that Lueger's public racism was in large part a pose to obtain votes, being one of the first who made use of populism as a political tool. Historian William L. Shirer wrote that "his opponents, including the Jews, readily conceded that he was at heart a decent, chivalrous, generous and tolerant man." According to Amos Elon, "Lueger's anti-Semitism was of a homespun, flexible variety—one might almost say gemütlich. Asked to explain the fact that many of his friends were Jews, Lueger famously replied, 'I decide who is a Jew.' " Viennese Jewish writer Stefan Zweig, who grew up in Vienna during Lueger's term of office, recalled that "His city administration was perfectly just and even typically democratic." German nationalism Lueger expressed some scepticism about German nationalism, but as with his antisemitism was quick to exploit the sentiments for his own political purposes. He opposed Austro-Hungarian dualism in favour of federalism and the equality of all the nations making up the empire. Further influences His general style of politics later inspired some of the right-wing leaders of the First Austrian Republic in 1918–1933, such as Ignaz Seipel, Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg, who led the Austrian society towards Austrofascism. Unlike Hitler, he did not so much inspire antisemitism in them (none of these three were particularly antisemitic), but rather provided one important role model for their generally combative, unrelenting stance towards ideological political opponents, which ultimately proved to be detrimental to the cohesion of the Austrian state. In Vienna, Lueger has a square named after him, at least two statues were erected in his honour, and until April 2012 a section of the Ringstraße bore his name. It has been very difficult to decide what to do with monuments honouring historical figures whose reputation has been widely called into question as Europeans (and others) reflect on the historical background to the holocaust. With the Anschluss of Austria in 1938 street names carrying Jewish names or the names of pacifists were changed. After World War II, Austria started a full-scale program of de-Nazification on both cultural and topographical levels. Nazified street signs were torn down and their names changed back from Nazi to Habsburg heroes. Lueger's monuments present a difficult case because they are genuinely local, yet he was inspirational for the Nazis. For some, the Lueger monuments show that

Vienna has neglected its obligations to the victims of the Holocaust in order to keep its nostalgic appeal as the grand Imperial City. For example, when Austrian-born neurobiologist Eric Kandel won the Nobel Prize in 2000, he "stuck it to the Austrians" by saying it was certainly not an Austrian Nobel; it was a Jewish-American Nobel. He was subsequently telephoned by the Austrian president Thomas Klestil who asked him, "How can we put things right?" Kandel said that first, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring should be renamed. Kandel was offended that the address of the University of Vienna is on that street. After yearlong debates, the Ring was renamed to Universitätsring in April 2012. The monument to Lueger at Dr. Karl Lueger Platz at the Stubenring as well as the memorial plaque at the TU Wien have since been contextualized by descriptions highlighting Lueger's antisemitism and his influence on National Socialism. Lueger was the subject of a 1943 biopic Vienna 1910, in which he was played by Rudolf Forster. References External links Photo of monument Dr. Karl Lueger Platz, Vienna Karl Lueger And The Twilight Of Imperial Vienna Pressure group to transform the Karl Lueger statue into a monument against anti-Semitism and racism in Austria Category:19th-century Austrian people Category:Mayors of Vienna Category:Austrian lawyers Category:Christian Social Party (Austria) politicians Category:Antisemitism in Austria Category:Jewish Austrian history Category:Anti-Hungarian sentiment Category:People from Wieden Category:Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery Category:1844 births Category:1910 deaths Category:Deaths from diabetes

Maria Selina Hale Maria Selina Hale (23 May 1864–5 March 1951) was a New Zealand tailoress, trade unionist and senior public servant. She was born in Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland on 23 May 1864. she had never worked in a factory. She was active in the Dunedin Tailoresses’ Union from about 1898, becoming its fifth secretary as well as secretary of the National Federation of Tailoresses' Unions in July 1901. She has a special contribution to prepare cases for the Court of Arbitration in 1900, 1902, 1905 and 1907 and there was an involvement in the negotiations which resulted in the abolition in practicing piecework system and the institution of set wages for journey-women. References Category:1864 births Category:1951 deaths Category:New Zealand trade unionists Category:New Zealand public servants Category:People from Glasgow Category:Scottish emigrants to New Zealand

There's a Whole Lalo Schifrin Goin' On There's a Whole Lalo Schifrin Goin' On is an album by Argentine composer, pianist and conductor Lalo Schifrin recorded in 1968 and released on the Dot label. The title is a reference to the 1957 Jerry Lee Lewis song, Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On, and was devised by Gary Owens. Reception The Allmusic review states: "This album was ahead of its time in terms of instrumentation, but was a product of its time in that established ways of doing things were being challenged. Fans of Lalo Schifrin's work will find this to rank with his best, and those not familiar with anything but the Mission Impossible theme will be drawn in further by the eccentric genius displayed here". Track listing All compositions by Lalo Schifrin "Secret Code Synthesizer" - 2:27 "Dissolving" - 2:30 "Machinations" - 2:40 "Bride of the Wind" - 2:30 "Life Insurance" - 2:06 "How to Open at Will the Most Beautiful Window" - 2:58 "Vaccinated Mushrooms" - 2:40 "Two Petals, a Flower and a Young Girl" - 2:09 "Wheat Germ Landscapes" - 2:26 "Gentle Earthquake" - 3:29 "Hawks vs. Doves" - 2:24 Recorded in Los Angeles, California on March 18, 19 & 20, 1968 Personnel Lalo Schifrin - piano, synthesizer, arranger, conductor Tony Terran, John Audino - trumpet Lloyd Ulyate, Barrett O'Hara - trombone John Johnson - tuba Vincent DeRosa - horn Bud Shank, Ronnie Lang, Sam Most - reeds Arnold Kobentz - oboe, English horn Ralph Grierson, Artie Kane, Roger Kellaway, Mike Lang - keyboards Paul Beaver - keyboards, synthesizer, stereo harp Carl Fortina - accordion Howard Roberts, Dennis Budimer, Bill Pitman, Louis Morell - guitar James Bond, Ray Brown - bass Carol Kaye, Max Bennett - electric bass Shelly Manne - drums, percussion Earl Palmer, Ken Watson, Joe Porcaro, Emil Richards - percussion Milt Holland - tabla Bonnie Douglas, Sam Freed, Anatol Kaminsky, Nathan Kaproff, George Kast, Marvin Limonick, Erno Neufeld, Paul Shure - violin Myra Kestenbaum, Allan Harshman, Robert Ostrowsky, Virginia Majewski - viola Raphael Kramer, Edgar Lustgarten, Eleanor Slatkin - cello Catherine Gotthoffer - harp Robert Helfer - orchestra manager References Category:Lalo Schifrin albums Category:1968 albums Category:Albums arranged by Lalo Schifrin Category:Dot Records albums Category:Instrumental albums

Boavita Boavita is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Northern Boyacá Province. The urban centre of Boavita is situated in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes at an altitude of and a distance of from the department capital Tunja. The municipality borders Capitanejo, Santander, and the Nevado River in the north, San Mateo and La Uvita in the east, Tipacoque and Soatá in the west and Susacón in the south. Etymology The name of Boavita is derived from Chibcha and doesn't mean "good life", yet "Point on the hill worshipping the Sun" or "Gate of the Sun". History The area of modern Boavita in the times before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca was inhabited by a tribe called "Guavitas", pertaining to the Laches and Muisca. It was ruled by a cacique who was loyal to the Tundama of Tundama. Modern Boavita was founded on February 9, 1613 by Sr. Hugarte. Economy Main economical activities of Boavita are agriculture, livestock farming and mining. Main agricultural products cultivated are dates, sugarcane, yuca, coffee, cotton, potatoes, maize, chick peas, beans, peas, wheat and arracacha. The mining activities exist of carbon exploitation. Gallery References Category:Municipalities of Boyacá Department Category:Populated places in the Boyacá Department Category:Populated places established in 1613 Category:1613 establishments in the Spanish Empire Category:Muisca Confederation Category:Muysccubun

International Rules Series The International Rules Series is a senior men's international rules football competition between the Australia international rules football team (selected by the Australian Football League) and the Ireland international rules football team (selected by the Gaelic Athletic Association). The series is played biannually in November after the completion of the AFL Grand Final and the All-Ireland Football Final which are both traditionally played in late September. The matches are played using a set of compromise rules decided upon by both the two governing bodies; known formally as international rules football. While the International Rules Series matches use some rules from Australian rules football, the field, ball and uniforms of both teams are all from Gaelic football. History The two teams contest a trophy, which in 2004 was named the Cormac McAnallen Cup—after the Tyrone team captain Cormac McAnallen, whose death that year from a heart condition came after he had represented Ireland in the previous three series. The concept for the series originates from the Australian Football World Tour, which took place in 1967 and 1968. The tour saw a collection of Australian footballers from the VFL, SANFL and WAFL competitions travel to Ireland for an itinerary of matches played under modified gaelic football rules. The first proper series took place in Ireland in 1984 under a three match format, whereby the team accumulating the most wins from the series were victors. Following poor Australian crowds and relative lack of interest in 1990, the series was revived in 1998 under a two match aggregate points format. The popularity of the series saw it continue over the next eight years, until violent on-field brawling in the mid 2000's saw it cancelled in 2007. A women's series was staged in Ireland in 2006, which to this date remains the only female series to have taken place between the nations. An under-17 boys series was held each year between 1999 and 2006, though was abandoned thereafter. The series returned in 2008 though featured randomly on the calendar over the next decade, going unscheduled in 2009, 2012, 2016, 2018 and 2019. Since 2014 the Australian team has endeavoured to pick players who have been selected in an All-Australian team on at least one occasion in their careers. This followed the 2013 series which was notable for the inclusion of an Australian team made up of exclusively Indigenous players, known as the Indigenous All Stars. Ireland inflicted the largest victory in the history of the series. The series alternates host countries each appropriate year between Ireland and Australia. Since the commencement of the modern era series in 1998, the average attendance up to the conclusion of the 2014 series was 42,898. On two occasions have test matches sold out in Australia, both in Perth in 2003 and 2014. The first entire series to sell out was in Ireland in 2006 when a combined record crowd of 112,127 was set. The attendance at the second test at Croke Park was the largest for an international sports fixture in the country. The most recent series (2017) was won by Australia. The next series will be staged in Ireland in 2020, with a return series in Australia scheduled for 2022. Results Series results, up to and including the 2017 series.1 Two draws (second test 1999, second test 2002) Venues The following are lists of International Rules Series venues and their locations, ordered by amount of test matches hosted: Ireland Australia Player awards Jim Stynes Medal The Jim Stynes Medal is awarded to the best player of the Australian team for each series. It was first

awarded in 1998 and named after Jim Stynes, who won the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship with Dublin before joining Melbourne. With the Demons, he won the 1991 Brownlow Medal, set the record for most VFL or AFL consecutive games played with 244, was named to Melbourne's Team of the Century and was elected into the Australian Football Hall of Fame while also playing for both Ireland and Australia in the series. He was also honored with a state funeral in Melbourne when he died in 2012. 1998 – Stephen Silvagni (Carlton) 1999 – Jason Akermanis (Brisbane) 2000 – James Hird (Essendon) 2001 – Matthew Lloyd (Essendon) 2002 – Andrew Kellaway (Richmond) 2003 – Brent Harvey (North Melbourne) 2004 – Nathan Brown (Richmond) 2005 – Andrew McLeod (Adelaide) 2006 – Ryan O'Keefe (Sydney) 2008 – Kade Simpson (Carlton) 2010 – Dane Swan (Collingwood) 2011 – James Kelly (Geelong) 2013 – Ashley McGrath (Brisbane) 2014 – Luke Hodge (Hawthorn) 2015 – Harry Taylor (Geelong) 2017 – Nat Fyfe (Fremantle) GAA Medal The GAA Medal (also known as the Irish Player of the Series) is awarded in similar circumstances to the Australian award, whereby the Irish player adjudged as the best performed from each series wins the medal. It has been awarded since 2004. 2004 – Stephen Cluxton (Dublin) 2005 – Tom Kelly (Laois) 2006 – Alan Brogan (Dublin) 2008 – Graham Canty (Cork) 2010 – Colm Begley (Laois) 2011 – Tadhg Kennelly (Kerry/Sydney) 2013 – Ciarán Sheehan (Cork/Carlton) 2014 – Conor McManus (Monaghan) 2015 – Bernard Brogan (Dublin) 2017 – Conor McManus (Monaghan) (2) Harry Beitzel Medal The Harry Beitzel Medal was awarded to players adjudged "fairest and best" on the field during the 1984 to 1990 series. Beitzel was honoured for his pioneering of the sport and the fact that he arranged the first ever official contact between the two sports of Gaelic football and Australian rules football. 1984 – Jimmy Kerrigan (Ireland) 1986 – Robert Dipierdomenico (Australia) 1987 – Tony McGuinness (Australia) 1990 – Jack O'Shea (Ireland) Sponsorship The Australian team were sponsored until 2006 by Foster's, which also sponsored series held in Australia. Toyota took over both roles for the 2008 series. Australian plastic manufacturer Nylex sponsored the Australian team in 2010, whilst Toyota and Carlton Draught were guernsey sponsors for the 2011 series. Supermarket chain Coles and community health group National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO) were guernsey sponsors for the 2013 series. Airline company Virgin Australia and Gatorade have sponsored the Australian teams since 2014. The Irish team, and all series held in Ireland, were sponsored by Coca-Cola until 2008. The 2010 and 2013 series in Ireland was sponsored by the Irish Daily Mail, while Irish language television station TG4 sponsored the Irish team in 2010, 2011 and 2013.Earley confirms backroom team for International Rules Series ; Gaelic games online streaming service GAAGO.ie were sponsors of the Irish team in 2014 and 2015, whilst electric power transmission company EirGrid were the title sponsors of the 2015 series in Ireland. Audience Television The International Rules Series has been broadcast on television in Australia and Ireland since the late 1990s. In Ireland it has usually been broadcast on RTÉ Two; from 2010–2014 the series was broadcast live by Gaelic-language channel TG4. RTÉ reclaimed the rights to the series in 2015. In Australia, the Seven Network broadcast the 1998–2001 series, whilst the Nine Network broadcast the 2002–2005 series. In Australia the 2006 and 2011 series were broadcast on Network Ten, though all over series have been broadcast on the Seven Network and simulcast on Fox Sports. The series has

had reach into global markets. From 2005, broadcasting extended its reach to the United States via Setanta Sports North America and to Hong Kong via the Australia Network. The 2006 series was broadcast to the United Kingdom via Setanta Sports 2. Defunct New Zealand free-to-air sports network Sommet Sports broadcast the 2013 and 2014 series. The 2014 test match was broadcast live in the United States and parts of Europe and Asia. Criticisms The series has sustained criticism from several high-profile figures in the respective sports. Three-time All-Ireland winning Tyrone manager Mickey Harte has continually called for a cessation to the game. He said in 2008 that the tours to Australia are in essence just a free holiday for the players involved, before repeating the claim in 2011 and calling on the GAA to withdraw from the Series as it does a "total disservice to the development of Gaelic games on the international stage"''. Similarly, Australian journalists such as Mike Sheahan have argued that the relevance of the series was diminished on account of the Australian team no longer being made up primarily of All-Australian players (though the Australian team resumed being made up of exclusively All-Australian players from 2014). In 2019 ex-Kerry footballer Tomás Ó Sé blasted the GAA for continuing to maintain friendly relations with the AFL, arguing the series was primarily responsible for AFL clubs scouting emerging Irish talent and leaving clubs and counties with no compensation for their efforts. Future of the series The future of the series was brought into doubt in 2005 and 2006, mostly through the on-field actions of some Australian players and excessive physicality by both teams. In December 2006, the GAA decided to abandon the 2007 series, issuing a public statement reading "On the recommendation of the Management Committee, it was agreed that there would be no Junior or Senior Series of games in 2007...Dessie Farrell, the player's representative stated that while there would be some disappointment amongst players that the 2007 Series will not take place, the decision was, in his view, probably a wise one." Talks between the two organisations resumed in 2007 and the 2008 series went ahead without incident. Since that, despite an Australian withdrawal from the 2009 series due to "economic concerns", the Series appeared to have a strong future. Yet following the 2011 Series, concerns were raised over relatively small crowd attendances. The small crowds were blamed on a lack of high-profile AFL players being selected in the Australian team and a longer AFL season. The series' temporary future was assured by GAA director general Paraic Duffy. During the 2013 Series, the possibility of expanding future International Rules games into a tri-series was mooted, in such a way that the series would incorporate the Indigenous All Stars team that participated in 2013, possibly against an AFL-All Star team for the right to play off against the Irish. Though this idea never eventuated, the AFL has expressed interest in staging a test match in the United States, likely in Boston or New York City. Whilst an extremely lopsided result occurred in the 2013 series and the Australians were accused of demonstrating apathy to the concept, a 2014 series featuring current and former All-Australian players occurred, one that was regarded as a demonstrable success. During a successful training camp in New York City ahead of the 2015 Series, Australian coach Alastair Clarkson gave his strongest pitch yet for the expansion of the series to include a test match in America and even an actual American international rules team, to facilitate a tri-nations format. In May 2016, the

GAA and AFL announced an agreement to not have a test match in 2016 and instead renew the 2-match aggregate series in 2017 (in Australia), with a view to conducting further series in the following years in both Ireland and the United States. Future tests have been agreed to by the associations in 2020 and 2022. See also Australian rules football Comparison of Gaelic football and Australian rules football Gaelic football International rules football Australian international rules football team Ireland international rules football team Notes References External links Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) International Rules pages Australian Football League (AFL) International Rules pages Australian Football International Rules – Archive of past results and statistics WFN International Rules – News and historical information section regarding the sport Laws of the Game – Updated per 2014 rule changes AFL Europe Page. Footage of first test of 2010 series from YouTube Australia v Ireland since 1967 – Complete series results and news archive of every test match Hogan Stand International Rules section – IRS news section from Irish GAA website Category:Irish-Australian culture Category:International rules football

Pterocalla guttulata Pterocalla guttulata is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Pterocalla of the family Ulidiidae. References Category:Pterocalla

Pseudanisentomon dolichempodium Pseudanisentomon dolichempodium is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia. References Category:Protura Category:Articles created by Qbugbot Category:Animals described in 1982

Grey (New Zealand electorate) Grey is a former parliamentary electorate in the West Coast region of New Zealand. The electorate of Grey Valley, created for the 1871 general election, was succeeded by the electorate of Greymouth in the 1881 general election, and lasted until 1890. In 1890 the Grey electorate was created, and was abolished in 1919. Population centres The 1870 electoral redistribution was undertaken by a parliamentary select committee based on population data from the 1867 New Zealand census. Eight sub-committees were formed, with two members each making decisions for their own province; thus members set their own electorate boundaries. The number of electorates was increased from 61 to 72, and Grey Valley was one of the new electorates. Throughout the electorate's history, the town of Greymouth was always included in its area. The town of Brunner belonged to the electorate during most periods. History Grey Valley existed from 1871 to 1881. William Henry Harrison was the first representative from 1871 to 1875 when he retired. Harrison had previously represented Westland Boroughs from 1868 to 1870. The electorate was represented by two members from the 1876 election onwards. Martin Kennedy and Charles Woolcock were elected in 1876; Kennedy resigned in 1878 and Woolcock retired at the 1879 election. Kennedy was succeeded by Richard Reeves in an 1878 by-election. He was defeated in 1881 when he stood for Inangahua. Edward Masters succeeded Woolcock in the 1879 election. Masters resigned in 1881 and was succeeded by Thomas S. Weston in an 1881 by-election. Weston stood in Inangahua in the 1881 general election and was successful. Greymouth was represented from the 1881 general election by Joseph Petrie. He was defeated in the 1884 general election by Arthur Guinness, who represented the electorate (renamed in 1890 as Grey) until his death in 1913. After the resulting 1913 by-election, the electorate was represented from 1916 to 1919 by two radical politicians from the West Coast coal mines representing the Labour Party or its predecessors. They were Paddy Webb, who was imprisoned in 1918, and Harry Holland, who represented Grey from the by-election on 29 May 1918 until 16 December 1919 when the electorate was abolished. Members of Parliament The various electorates were represented by ten Members of Parliament. Key 1871 to 1875 From 1871 to 1875, Grey Valley was a single-member electorate. It was represented by one Member of Parliament. 1876 to 1881 From 1876 to 1881, Grey Valley was a two-member electorate. It was represented by five Members of Parliament. 1881 to 1919 From 1881 to 1890, Greymouth was a single-member electorate, renamed as Grey from 1890 to 1919. Four Members of Parliament represented this electorate. Election results 1918 by-election 1913 by-election, first ballot 1913 by-election, second ballot 1899 election 1893 election 1890 election 1884 election 1881 by-election 1878 by-election 1876 election Table footnotes: Notes References Category:Historic electorates of New Zealand Category:Grey District Category:Politics of the West Coast, New Zealand Category:1870 establishments in New Zealand Category:1919 disestablishments in New Zealand

Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies is the Department of Management Studies of the University of Mumbai. The institute is named after industrialist and philanthropist, Jamnalal Bajaj. Programmes JBIMS offers full-time Masters in Management Studies programme. In addition to MMS, the institute offers full-time course of Masters in Finance (MSc Finance), part-time courses and a doctoral PhD programme. In addition to the regular academics, guest lectures are organised from time to time. Masters in Management Studies (MMS) Masters in Management Studies is the flagship course of Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies. It is a two-year full-time post-graduate degree course in management. Started as early as 1965, the institute offers specializations in the second year of the MMS course. The title of the programme as MMS, instead of the usual MBA, is to emphasise that the principles and practices of management studies are applicable to all types of organisation and not only to business organisations. Students can specialize in: Finance Marketing Personnel (HR) Operations Systems Masters in Finance (MSc Finance) Started in 2013, on the recommendations of the Prime Minister's Office, the course was started as the first master's degree in Finance by a college in India. The course is two-years full-time and covers a wide range of topics in Finance, Quantitative Studies, Economics among others. MBA (Part-time) JBIMS offers part-time courses that include: Masters in Marketing Management Masters in Finance Management Masters in Information Management Masters in Human Resource Development and Management Rankings Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies has been consistently ranked in the list of the top 10 business schools in India. Economic Times has ranked it at No. 9 in India. Notable alumni Owing to the extensive list of its alumni who've reached top positions in various MNCs, JBIMS is also known as the 'CEO Factory'. Uday Kotak, MD and CEO of Kotak Mahindra Bank Ajay Piramal, chairman of Piramal Healthcare Chanda Kochhar, Former MD & CEO, ICICI Bank, India Harish Bhimani, Renowned Voice-Over Artist Harish Manwani, Global COO, Unilever PLC Lalita D. Gupte, Chairperson, ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Mani Ratnam, Acclaimed Indian Filmmaker Nitin Paranjpe, CEO & MD, Hindustan Unilever Ltd. Raja Krishnamoorthy, Indian Film & TV Director Sam Balsara, Founder, Chairman and MD of Madison World and Madison Communications Satish Modh, Director of Vivekananda Education Society Institute of Management, Mumbai Siddharth Roy Kapur, CEO of UTV Motion Pictures, 1997 Suresh Kumar, Assistant Commerce Secretary for Trade Promotion and Director-General of the U.S. Foreign Commercial Service Uday Kotak, Founder, Executive Vice Chairman & MD, Kotak Mahindra Bank Vinita Bali, MD of Britannia References Category:University of Mumbai Category:Business schools in Mumbai Category:Educational institutions established in 1965 Category:1965 establishments in India

Steve Novak (director) Steven Floyd Novak(born September 16, 1955) is an American television director and producer and is currently working at WGN-TV Chicago. Some highlights of Novak's career include two Emmys, Stories of Hope: Facing Breast Cancer and Overall directing of live and live to tape programming, and a Telly Award for WGN:Classics Bozo, Gar and Ray. Novak is currently the president of the Chicago/Midwest chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (NATAS). Novak was born September 16, 1955 in Chicago, Illinois. He grew up in Rogers Park, and graduated from Sullivan High School In 1973. He went to Northeastern Illinois University from 1973-1976 graduating with a degree in Speech and Performing arts with an emphasis in Mass Communication, and a minor in History (Pop. Culture). Career Novak began his career in the media industry at WGN in 1976 as a radio logger, keeping track of the times that commercials aired during WGN AM radio broadcasts. In 1977 he got promoted to a film librarian, managing all content that WGN had the rights to. In 1978 he went on to program schooling and screened various episodes of shows that aired on WGN. The year after he became an assistant director in WGN's production department working on news and sports. In 1984 Novak left WGN to work as a director at Telemation Productions working on tele-conferencing, commercial productions, and corporate video. While at Telemation he won 3 Huston International Film Awards, and a number of Telly Awards for writing. In 1993 Novak returned to WGN Television where he became a director of the Nine O’Clock news, and the Bozo Show, a WGN-TV children's show. While at WGN Novak worked on Chicago Bulls, Cubs, White Sox, and Blackhawks coverage, as well as many television specials, including the Chicago Auto Show, 4 July, and New Year's coverages. He produced and directed many of the Championship rallies for winning Chicago sports teams, such as the White Sox 2004 victory, and the Blackhawks 2011, 2013 and 2015 wins. He won two Emmys, 1 for Stories of Hope: Facing Breast Cancer and 1 for overall directing of live and live to tape programming, and a Telly Award for WGN:Classics Bozo, Gar and Ray. In 2003 he joined the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, and has been on the Board of Governors ever since. In 2015 he was elected president of the Chicago/Midwest chapter of NATAS to finish the term of the previous president who stepped down. References Category:Northeastern Illinois University alumni Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:American television directors Category:American television producers

Without Warning (Birmingham novel) Without Warning is an alternate history novel written by Australian author John Birmingham, released in Australia in September 2008 and in the United States and the United Kingdom in February 2009. It is the first book in a new stand-alone universe. The novels After America and Angels of Vengeance continue the story. Plot On the eve of the Iraq War, March 14, 2003, the bulk of the population of the contiguous United States (along with the bulk of the populations of Canada, Mexico, and Cuba) disappears as the result of a large energy field that later comes to be known as "The Wave". Without Warning deals with the international consequences of the disappearance of the world's last superpower on the eve of war. Development Birmingham said he was inspired to write the novel after hearing someone during a student demonstration at the University of Queensland say the world would be a better place if the United States disappeared. References to other works Without Warning contains a large number of references to popular culture. Birmingham, the author, said that he did this as a nod to American novelist Stephen King: When I was a kid and started reading big, fat books, the thing that struck me about his novels, so different to the dull, dull things they made us read at school, was they were full of real world references. Reception Literary significance Jim Hopper of the San Diego Union-Tribune said Without Warning is an example of "'mainstream' genres (thrillers particularly) [that] incorporate some SFnal elements pretty often as greater or lesser plot element." References External links Review in ''The Independent Weekly Without Warning review on SF Site Without Warning on Google Books Without Warning review on the American Spectator Category:2008 Australian novels Category:2008 science fiction novels Category:Australian alternative history novels Category:Macmillan Publishers books Category:Fiction set in 2003

2018–19 Liga MX season The 2018–19 Liga MX season was the 72nd professional season of the top-flight football league in Mexico. The season is split into two championships—the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura—each in an identical format and each contested by the same eighteen teams. Teams, stadiums, and personnel The following eighteen teams competed this season. Lobos BUAP was initially relegated to the Ascenso MX after accumulating the lowest point coefficient last season, but instead they will continue to compete in the Liga MX after the 2017–18 Ascenso MX champion, Cafetaleros de Tapachula, who won promotion after defeating Alebrijes de Oaxaca, was not certified to be promoted. Lobos BUAP paid MXN$120 million to be disbursed to Cafetaleros de Tapachula and remain in Liga MX. Stadiums and locations Personnel and kits Managerial changes Torneo Apertura Regular season The Apertura 2018 is the first championship of the season. The regular season began on 20 July 2018 and ended on 25 November 2018. The defending champions are Santos Laguna, having won their sixth title. Standings Positions by round The table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included in the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards. For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 16. Results Regular season statistics Top goalscorers Players sorted first by goals scored, then by last name. Source: Liga MX Top assists Players sorted first by assists, then by last name. Source: Soccerway Hat-tricks 4 Player scored four goals Attendance Per team Highest and lowest Source: Liga MX Liguilla – Apertura Bracket Teams are re-seeded each round. Team with more goals on aggregate after two matches advances. Away goals rule is applied in the quarterfinals and semifinals, but not the final. In the quarterfinals and semifinals, if the two teams are tied on aggregate and away goals, the higher seeded team advances. In the final, if the two teams are tied after both legs, the match goes to extra-time and, if necessary, a shootout. Both finalists qualify to the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League (champions as MEX1, runners-up as MEX3). Quarterfinals Semifinals Finals Torneo Clausura The Clausura 2019 is the second championship of the season. The tournament began on 4 January 2019 and will end on 26 May 2019. América are the defending champion, having won their 13th league title the previous tournament. Regular season Standings Positions by round The table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included in the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards. For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 16. Results Regular season statistics Top goalscorers Players sorted first by goals scored, then by last name. Source: Liga MX Top assists Players sorted first by assists, then by last name. Source: Soccerway Hat-tricks Attendance Per team Highest and lowest Source: Liga MX Liguilla – Clausura Bracket Teams are re-seeded each round. Team with more goals on aggregate after two matches advances. Away goals rule is applied in the quarterfinals and semifinals, but not the final. In the quarterfinals and semifinals, if the two teams are tied on aggregate and

away goals, the higher seeded team advances. In the final, if the two teams are tied after both legs, the match goes to extra-time and, if necessary, a shootout. Both finalists qualify to the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League (champions as MEX2, runners-up as MEX4). Quarterfinals Semifinals Finals Relegation table Aggregate table The aggregate table (the sum of points of both the Apertura and Clausura tournaments) will be used to determine the participants of the Apertura 2019 Copa MX. This table also displays teams that have qualified for the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League. Notes See also 2018–19 Ascenso MX season 2018–19 Liga MX Femenil season References External links Official website of Liga MX Mx 1 Category:Liga MX seasons

Alone in the Universe (book) Alone in the Universe: Why Our Planet Is Unique is a book written by British Astrophysicist John Gribbin. Content In it, he discusses the prospect that life is unique to Earth and that we are, therefore, alone in the universe. References External links Alone in the Universe: Why Our Planet Is Unique, John Wiley & Sons Category:Astronomy books

Eagle Lake (Florida) Eagle Lake, is an elongated lake in shape located in the northern portion of Eagle Lake, Florida. This lake is a natural freshwater lake with a surface area. Eagle Lake is bordered by residences of Eagle Lake and Polk County. The City of Eagle Lake maintains a boat ramp, and recreation area on the Eastern shore of Eagle Lake. Eagle Avenue leads directly into the public parking and access areas. There is a swimming area available with a white sand beach, and a pavilion is available as well. Eagle Lake contains predominantly largemouth bass, as well as bluegill and crappie. References Category:Lakes of Polk County, Florida

Laughter (Ian Dury & The Blockheads album) Laughter is the third studio album by Ian Dury & The Blockheads; released in 1980, it was the last studio album Dury made for Stiff Records. It was also the last studio album he made with The Blockheads, until 1998's Mr. Love Pants, though a live album Warts 'n' Audience was produced in 1991. History The Blockheads had undergone a significant personnel change since the previous album, Do It Yourself. Chaz Jankel, who played keyboards and co-wrote most of that album's songs, had left in the wake of a stressful tour. Jankel's place on guitar was taken by Wilko Johnson of Dr. Feelgood. Johnson (real name John Wilkinson) had considered retiring from the music business until he was asked by Davey Payne and Dury, old friends from their pub rock days, to join The Blockheads. The new-line up first appeared on the 'I Want To Be Straight' single, which was released before the album, and reached number 22 in the UK pop charts. Although Ian Dury was becoming harder to work with, the production of Laughter had started out as a relaxed affair, without the presence of Jankel and Dury. Rehearsals commenced in early 1980 at Milner Sound in Fulham, after keyboard player Mick Gallagher had returned from an American tour with The Clash. The group was, at that time, on hiatus after the gruelling promotional tour in support of Do It Yourself. Spurred on by recording commitments, Dury took over the rehearsals to form the basis of his new album and brought in Wilko Johnson, all without consulting the rest of the band. At that time Dury was an alcoholic, and also addicted to Mogadon, a brand of sedative. Coupled with his bad reaction to celebrity, and his bouts of depression, these addictions caused him to be cantankerous, confrontational, argumentative and controlling. Although these traits had come out during the recording of the group's previous album, they were at their peak during the record sessions for Laughter. Attempts to question Dury's judgment would cause explosions of defensiveness and aggression. He also insisted on synchronising the instruments to a click-track, which aggravated a number of the musicians, especially Wilko Johnson. To make matters worse, guitarist Johnny Turnbull suffered a head injury and was afflicted with mood swings. He eventually had a nervous breakdown. The album was preceded by the single "Sueperman's Big Sister", intentionally spelt wrong so to avoid any copyright issues with DC Comics. The 7" release included an exclusive track "You'll See Glimpses", while the 12" included the album's final track "Fucking Ada". The single, Stiff Records' 100th, employed the label for Stiff's very first (Nick Lowe's "Heart of the City") with the track names crossed out and the correct titles and artist (for "Sueperman's Big Sister") written in, as if by biro. Laughter was released the same month, November 1980, but the album was not well received by critics and its sales were mediocre. The "Soft As a Baby's Bottom" tour to support it, however, was a sell-out success. Stiff and Ian Dury parted ways afterwards and he signed a short-lived deal with Polydor Records without The Blockheads. Style A number of Laughter'''s songs appear to deal with Dury's personal problems and demons. Although he always denied that "Delusions Of Grandeur" was about himself, most who knew him at the time felt certain it was. Others, such as "Uncoolohol" (about alcoholism), "Manic Depression (Jimi)" and "Fucking Ada" (both about depression) also seem to make clear references to his troubles at the time. "Hey, Hey, Take Me Away" is confirmed to

have been about the time he spent at Chailey's Special School while stricken with polio. In an interview years later, Dury admitted of the album: "I called it Laughter to cheer myself up." Track listing Bonus tracks (Edsel 2-CD edition) Personnel Ian Dury - vocals The Blockheads Wilko Johnson - guitars, backing vocals Johnny Turnbull - guitars, backing vocals Mick Gallagher - keyboards, synthesisers Norman Watt-Roy - bass Charley Charles - drums Davey Payne - saxophones, harmonica, flute Additional Personnel Don Cherry - pocket trumpet Will Gaines - tap dance on "Dance of the Crackpots" Ray Cooper - percussion Ivor Raymonde - strings Technical Ian Horne - sound engineer, mixing Richard Wernham - assistant engineer Chris Killip - photography Ray Gregory, Brain Love - album design Re-releases The album was re-released by Edsel Records in 2004 as part of a series of 2-CD Ian Dury re-issues. Previously the album had been re-issued to CD by Demon Records, initially with no bonus tracks then with the addition of "Reasons to be Cheerful, Part 3" - a song that had no real relation to the album and featured a different band line-up. Edsel's 2004 re-issue replaced the track with "I Want To be Straight" and "That's Not All", both sides of the first single with the Blockheads line-up that recorded the album and "Superman's Big Sister's" B-side "You'll See Glimpses". Edsel's re-issue also included a bonus disc of mainly instrumentals mostly recorded by The Blockheads before Dury became involved with the project and three songs, including the final version of "Duff 'Em Up and Do 'Em Over (Boogie Woogie)" the song "Oh Mr. Peanut" began life as. Despite being considered of good quality, Dury and Stiff compere Kosmo Vinyl were worried it might become an anthem for football hooligans or the small percentage of yob culture that followed him and bands like Sham 69 and Dury scrapped the lyric. SourcesSex and Drugs and Rock and Roll: The Life of Ian Dury by Richard Balls, first published 2000, Omnibus PressIan Dury & The Blockheads: Song By Song'' by Jim Drury, first published 2003, Sanctuary Publishing. References Category:1980 albums Category:Ian Dury albums Category:Stiff Records albums

Hunts Grove Hunts Grove is a new build suburb, situated near the villages of Hardwicke and Haresfield, on the southern edge of the city of Gloucester. Building began in 2010 and the estate is as yet unfinished. The development was named Hunts Grove after the small woodland, Hunts Grove, on the site. Planning Planning permission was granted in 2008 by Stroud District Council, the relevant planning authority. Gloucester City Council formally objected but a government planning inspector confirmed the permission in 2009. Further objections were raised when Stroud District Council proposed an extension to include a further 750 new homes. On 25 May 2014, Gloucestershire County Council announced that a new primary school in the suburb which will serve the 1,750 new homes being built. Hunts Grove Residents Association (HGRA) Hunts Grove Residents Association (HGRA) is a voluntary organisation that aims to protect and promote the collective interests of the residents to ensure that Hunts Grove remains a unique and special place to live during construction up to 2033 and the years beyond. This is achieved by working with the master developer (Crest Nicholson Strategic Projects), Parish, District and County Councils to ensure that residents needs and concerns in respect of construction, planning applications, management company, services, roads, public transport, parking and public open spaces are respected. All residents are encouraged to get involved with the residents association to shape the community. Residents Group On 5 May 2017, Hunts Grove residents formed a residents group to gather and represent the interests of its members. As of August 2018, Hunts Grove comprises more than 430 homes and the residents group comprises 392 verified members on its Facebook group page. Members of the group must be resident of Hunts Grove, in the process of moving to Hunts Grove or representing stakeholders delivering services to the community. On 24 August 2018, the residents group became a social media group page for HGRA (Hunts Grove Residents Association). Group Description captured 2 September 2017: "The Hunts Grove Facebook Group is established as a community resource by, and solely for, residents of Hunts Grove, Hardwicke, Gloucestershire, UK. The group is a "closed group", meaning that it is not open to public membership. Membership is managed strictly from the following: - Confirmed current residents; - Prospective residents; and, - Service providers and project stakeholders: (utilities, local government, developers, housing associations). The purpose of the Hunts Grove Facebook Group is to provide an engaging forum to share information regarding the new development of Hunts Grove and encourage discussion on issues involving residents and the community as a whole. Members are asked to read our House Rules (see files folder) in order to maintain a safe, happy and spam-free group. A moderation team monitors the group in order to ensure compliance with the House Rules. The current moderation team comprises Mark Andrew Ryder, Darren Morris, Amanda Dearlove, Demelza Turner-Wilkes and Iain Ledgerwood. Primary goal of this group is communication. Prior to this group, residents were not organised in any way to be informed and consulted on local decisions that will have a major impact on the village being built at Hunts Grove. Secondary goal is to organise. Hunts Grove will need a residents association sooner or later. So this group can be a forum for interested people to come forward to volunteer and ensure the support of residents as a whole. Issues such as build progress, roads, housing, broadband, schools, GP surgery and even the planned pub! Discuss it all here along with any local interests, issues or requests. Phases and developers PHASE 1 (Complete) Crest Nicholson - Development

name "Whitstone Hundred" David Wilson Homes - Development name "Haresfield Chase" PHASE 2 (In Progress) Crest Nicholson - Development name "Hunts Grove Gate" Crest Nicholson - Development name "The Ridings" David Wilson Homes - Development name "Rosewood Grange" Bellway Homes - Development name "Springfields" PHASE 3 (Not Started) PHASE 4 (Not Started) Hunts Grove Primary School Hunts Grove Primary School is currently located in temporary accommodation in Waterwells primary school, Quedgeley, Gloucester. Construction commences on the new school buildings in Hunts Grove on 3 September 2018 by Willmott Dixon Construction Ltd. The new school will be operated by Robinswood Academy Trust. Completion is expected in time for the September 2019 school year. Location Hunts Grove is being built on land formerly part of Colethrop Farm in the parishes of Hardwicke and Haresfield, Stroud District. References Category:Areas of Gloucester

Boys Over Flowers (disambiguation) Boys Over Flowers (or Hana Yori Dango in Japanese) is a 1992–2008 manga by Yoko Kamio. Boys Over Flowers may also refer to: China Meteor Shower (TV series), an unlicensed 2009 Chinese television adaptation. Meteor Garden (2018 TV series), an official 2018 Chinese television adaptation, and a remake of the 2001 Taiwanese drama, Meteor Garden. India Kaisi Yeh Yaariyan, an unlicensed 2014 Indian television adaptation. Indonesia Siapa Takut Jatuh Cinta, an unlicensed 2017 Indonesian television adaptation. Japan Hana Yori Dango (1995 film), an official 1995 Japanese film adaptation. Hana Yori Dango (TV series), the first season of an official 2005 Japanese television adaptation. Hana Yori Dango Returns, the 2007 second season of an official Japanese television adaptation. Hana Yori Dango Final, an official 2008 Japanese film adaptation which concludes the previous two television series. South Korea Boys Over Flowers (TV series), an official 2009 South Korean television adaptation. Taiwan Meteor Garden, a 2001 Taiwanese television adaptation. Meteor Garden II, a 2002 Taiwanese original sequel to Meteor Garden that was not based on the Manga.

Andrew of Saint Victor Andrew of Saint Victor (died 19 October 1175) was an Augustinian canon of the abbey of Saint Victor in Paris, a Christian Hebraist and biblical exegete. His learning "reflects a great humanist culture ... put at the service of theology," while he emphasised the literal meaning of the Old Testament "to an extent not found elsewhere in the Middle Ages." Originally from England, Andrew went to Paris and studied under Abbot Hugh of Saint Victor. Around 1147 he was elected the first abbot of the Victorine daughter house of Saint James at Wigmore in England. He was at Wigmore between 1148/1149 and 1153, when he left after disagreements with the canons. He returned to Saint Victor for a time before finally returning to Wigmore between 1161 and 1163. He died at Wigmore in October 1175. Andrew wrote commentaries exclusively on the Old Testament, covering the Octateuch, the major and minor Prophets, the Book of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. To an even greater extent than his teacher, Hugh, he employed a literal exegesis. His hermeneutical scheme was based on the littera–sensus–sententia division of classical rhetoric. Besides classical authors, he made use of the church fathers and of Jewish Peshat exegesis. Notes Sources Category:1175 deaths Category:English abbots Category:Canonical Augustinian scholars

Huai Yang railway station Huai Yang railway station is a railway station located in Saeng Arun Subdistrict, Thap Sakae District, Prachuap Khiri Khan. It is a class 3 railway station located from Thon Buri railway station. Train services Ordinary 254/255 Lang Suan-Thon Buri-Lang Suan References Category:Railway stations in Thailand

Madhukar Dhumal Madhukar Dhumal is an Indian Shehnai Player, Composer and freelance Musician. He is a disciple of Guni Gandharva Pandit Laxmanprasad Jaipurwale and Pandit Rajaram Sukhla.He is part of many other bands and has performed with various artists around the world. Majorly performed for Bollywood industry with all known Music directors. Early life Shri. Madhukar Tukaram Dhumal was born to Late. Tukaram and Chandrabai Dhumal born in Satara, Maharashtra. Both his parents were musicians. He started learning Shehnai at an early age from his father. Career Shri. Madhukar Dhumal is a promising and talented Shehnai player, who is the son & disciple of the eminent Shehnai player late Shri Tukaramji Dhumal. After the Initial period of learning and training from his father, Shri Madhukar attained proficiency in the Hindustani Classical Music, Ragdhari style of Jaipur Gharana as well as Banaras Gharana and its nuances under intensive and able teachings from the great maestro Guni Gandharava Pandit Laxmanprasad Jaipurwale and Pandit Rajaram Shukla, the gifted Guru, Composer and performer of great virtuosity. Shri. Madhukar with arduous training and dedicated perseverance has mastered in both Khayal Gayaki and Tatkari and equally well under the tutelage of the great maestros of Hindustani Classical Music, cited above. Shri Madhukar's renditions in many music concerts of repute throughout the country have received accolades and appreciations from the connossieurs to the lay music lovers, media and the press, unfailingly time and again. Shri Madhukar is a graded artist (B-high) of All India Radio and his renditions are regularly broadcast by AIR and doordarshan. He has rendered Music for many Eminent music directors of the film, industry, T.V. serials etc. His performances are aired by channels like Sony Entertainment Television and others. Shri Madhukar is a gifted, talented and promising Shehnai player with an enchanting and mesmerising music in his Shehnai renditions. Shri Madhukar has the potential to captivate music lovers and connossieurs for years to come with great milestones and soul stirring evocative music full of melody, aesthetics and pure music. He has played for many Bollywood movies with well known Music Directors like Laxmikant-Pyarelal for Saudagar 1991, Rajesh Roshan for Koyla, A.R.Rahman for Swades, Lagaan, Ismail Darbar for Devdas, Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, M. M. Keeravani for Paheli, Anu Malik for Refugee, Amit Trivedi for Dev D, Ram Sampath for Fukrey, pritam chakraborty for Action Replayy. Personal life Madhukar Dhumal is married to Nisha Dhumal and currently lives with his daughter and son in Mumbai. Performances 66th Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival 2017. 61st Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival in 2013 (Pune) opening rendition of concert. Sangeet Samrat Ustad Alladiya Khan Saheb Mohatsav 2013 Murham SangeetRatna AbdulKarim Khan Saheb 79 th Punyatithi Samaroh. At Bandish a concert organised in memory of tabla nawaz late Ustad Amir Hussain KhanSaheb in Mumbai. At Gurupurnima celebration (2003) at the Taj in Mumbai 24' Ragas - 24 hrs' concert under aegis of Acharya Jialal Vasant Sangeet Niketan, Juhu and Times Foundation. At NCPA - Mumbai for the concert organised by H.A Trust. At the '50 hrs, Non - Stop' Indian Classical Music concert (Swarankur) with the inaugural and opening rendition of the concert. At cultural events organised by Government of Maharashtra at various places on days of national importance and at important inaugural functions. Discography 1998 Parinay Shekhar Sen 1998 Ok Talvin Singh 1999 Divinity - Divine Music for Meditation Ashit Desai 2000 Indian Beyond Remo Fernandes 2000 Rimayer Ziskakan 2001 African Fantasy Trilok Gurtu 2001 Trinity - Music of Gods Ashit Desai 2002 Bombay Bliss - A Unique Instrumental Music Experience of Ever-green Melodies Ashit Desai 2003 Heeyam

Shye Ben Tzur 2013 Alchemy (EP) Bandish Projekt References http://sawaigandharvabhimsenmahotsav.com/ https://plus.google.com/u/0/108773971830575647848/posts http://cinema.pluz.in/galleries/bollywood/71842/61th-sawai-gandharva-bhimsen-mahotsav-day-1-photos.htm http://www.discogs.com/artist/595455-Madhukar-T-Dhumal http://indianexpress.com/tag/madhukar-dhumal/ https://archive.is/20140419163015/http://www.thepunekar.com/highlights-of-sawai-2013/2013/12/madhukar-dhumal/ http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=2&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIPU&mydateHid=13-12-2013&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Pune&edname=&articleid=Ar00200&publabel=TOI Category:1960 births Category:Living people

Institute of Social and Policy Sciences The Institute of Social and Policy Sciences () is a policy research and advocacy think tank with its headquarters located in Islamabad, Pakistan. The Institute also has offices in Lodhran and Mardan, Pakistan. History The Institute was founded in 2008 and is governed by its board of directors. The Institute works in the fields of education, health, disaster risk reduction, governance, conflict and stabilization. Institute of Social and Policy Sciences (I-SAPS) emerged from Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan; a consumer rights advocate organization. Since its inception, I-SAPS has undertaken initiatives to improve access and quality of education and ensuring children's right to free and compulsory education in Pakistan. In this relation, I-SAPS started reporting education budgets in Pakistan in 2007-08. Each year, the Institute publishes its report on the state of education financing which analyzes the trends in education spending in Pakistan at Federal, provincial and district levels. The latest report in the series analyzed education budgets in Pakistan for a period of 2010-11 to 2015-16. I-SAPS has also facilitated the creation of Pakistan's National Caucus on Education with an aim to synergize the political and technical sides of education reforms in the country. Initiatives In 2015, the Institute started working on adult literacy and has teamed up with Mobilink Foundation and GuarantCo for empowering the rural women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by providing them literacy skills. The initiative is being implemented in eight districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Mardan, Swabi, Nowshera, Buner, Malakand, Haripur, Mansehra and Kohat. For the last many years, the Institute has been advocating for compensation of civilian victims of conflict and terrorism. I-SAPS has also promoted the need of an effective disaster risk management framework in Pakistan and has raised the issue of compensation of flood-affected communities on various forums. Since 2017, I-SAPS is implementing the "Sustainable Transition and Retention in Delivering Education (STRIDE)" program to address the transition and retention challenge for students at post-primary levels. STRIDE is being implemented in collaboration with the provincial governments of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in districts Bahawalpur, Kohat, Muzaffargarh and Swabi. In 2011, I-SAPS launched the Journal of Social and Policy Sciences, a double-blind peer-review research journal. The Journal publishes multi-disciplinary policy-oriented research especially media and society, trade policy and tax reforms, post-colonial societal changes, education and health sector policies and reforms focusing mainly on Pakistan and South Asia. References External links Category:Think tanks based in Asia Category:Think tanks based in Pakistan Category:Political and economic think tanks based in Pakistan

Antonio Montagnana Antonio Montagnana (fl. 1730–50, born in Venice) was an Italian bass of the 18th-century who is best remembered for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, whose operas Montagnana sang in. Montagnana's first known appearance is in 1730 at Rome, and 1731 he sang at Turin in operatic works by Nicola Porpora, thought to be his teacher: Porpora also instructed the famous castrato Farinelli. During that same year he came to London to join Handel's opera company, where he created roles in Handel's Ezio - with words by the renowned librettist Metastasio - and Sosarme, and sang in revivals of Admeto, Giulio Cesare, Flavio, and Poro. During the following season he created the role of Zoroastro in Handel's Orlando and sang the roles of Polyphemus in Acis and Galatea and Haman in Esther in what was Handel's first season of oratorio: he also took part in revivals of Tolomeo and Alessandro. The part of Abner in Handel's Athalia was composed for his voice, as were the roles of the Chief Priest of Israel and Abinoam in Deborah. In 1733, however, he deserted Handel for his rival company, the Opera of the Nobility, possibly breaking a legal contract in order to do so. In this he imitated the actions of his fellow singers Senesino and Francesca Bertolli. For the Nobility, the operas he sang in included those by Porpora (such as Polifemo), Johann Adolf Hasse, Giovanni Bononcini, and even one Handel opera, Ottone. In 1740 he moved to Madrid for 10 years, where he sang in many operas and many cantatas at the royal chapel. For much of the 1730s Montagnana was widely acclaimed as a remarkable singer. The parts written for him at this time display a command of a low tessitura and a vocal range of more than 2 octaves, though by 1738 - when he sang in Handel's Serse - his range had become more limited. 18th-century music historian Charles Burney praised his "depth, power, mellowness and peculiar accuracy of intonation in hitting distant intervals". Notes References Winton Dean: "Montagnana, Antonio", Grove Music Online ed L. Macy (Accessed 14 March 2007), grovemusic.com, subscription access. External links Essay on Handel's music for the bass. Category:Italian opera singers Category:Operatic basses Category:Year of death unknown Category:Year of birth unknown

40s Significant people Gaius Caesar Germanicus/Caligula (AD 37–41). Claudius, Roman Emperor (AD 41–54). Paul of Tarsus, Christian evangelist References

Pahokee, Florida Pahokee is a city located on the shore of Lake Okeechobee in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,649 in the 2010 census. Pahokee's residents, according to the 2010 Census, are 56% African-American; almost all the rest are Mestizo or American Indian, primarily Mexicans or descendants of Mexicans. In 2018, the Mayor, Kenneth W. Babb, and the other four members of the City Commission are all African-American. As an isolated community, Pahokee is a town where "everyone knows everybody", and has a strong sense of community. History Pahokee was incorporated in 1922. The name "Pahokee" means "grassy waters" in the Creek language. Local residents refer to Pahokee as "The Muck", which signifies the mineral-rich dark soil in which sugar cane, citrus fruits, and corn are grown by agribusinesses. In the 1930s, it was known as the "Winter Vegetable Capital of the World". The city was severely affected, as were the other communities to the south of the lake, by the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. Hurricane Wilma, in 2005, destroyed a newly-built marina. Economy Pahokee was founded on the produce grown in the muck, the fertile bottom of the Everglades after part of it was drained in the early twentieth century. In 1939, the Federal Writers' Project guide said of Pahokee: "From Christmas until April, Pahokee is a 24-hour town; long trains of refrigerated cars roll out for northern markets day and night." "The streets are noisy and crowded; bars, restaurants and gambling places are never closed." In 1963, with access to Cuban sugar restricted, a sugar plant was built, and agriculture shifted to the mechanized crop of sugar cane. The plant closed in 2009. As a result, it is one of two Palm Beach County cities—the other is South Bay—on a list of 13 Florida municipalities in "a state of financial emergency." Records suggest it has been on the list continually since 1994. Unemployment exceeds 25%. Taxable property values dropped from about $99 million in 2007 to $66 million in 2014. A fifth of the population has migrated in the past 15 years. Dissolution of the city has been proposed. A Better Pahokee On November 15, 1996, the old Pahokee High School building, built in 1928, was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Everglades Regional Medical Center A major eyesore in Pahokee are the ruins of Everglades Regional Medical Center, at 200 S. Barfield Highway. It was founded in 1936 as Everglades General Hospital; the current building opened in 1950. The 63-bed general hospital, financially nonviable, closed in 1998 after years of contention, a change from public to private ownership, and three lawsuits. Care was consolidated at Glades General Hospital (replaced in 2009 with Lakeside Medical Center) in nearby Belle Glade. Glades Health Care Center Adjacent to the former hospital, at 230 S. Barfield Highway, is Glades Health Care Center, a 120-bed skilled nursing facility, with about 70 full-time employees. Schools Public Pahokee belongs to the School District of Palm Beach County. Pahokee Elementary School, 560 East Main Place (grades pre-K–5). Enrollment: 375 (2015). Pahokee Elementary School is an IB (International Baccalaureate) school. Enrollment is 63% black, 35% Hispanic, 1% white, 1% other. 96% are from low-income families. K. E. Cunningham/Canal Point Elementary School, 37000 Main Street, Canal Point (grades K–5). Enrollment: 329. The racial makeup of the student body is 69% black, 29% Hispanic, 2% white. 99% of the students are from low-income families. Pahokee Middle–High School, 900 Larrimore Rd. (grades 6–12). Enrollment: 857 (2015). Enrollment is 68% black, 39% Hispanic, 2% white, 1% other. 93% are from low-income families. Pahokee High

School is best known for its football program that consistently ranks among the state's best. Pahokee, together with nearby rival Belle Glade, with whom it competes each year in the "Muck Bowl", has "sent at least 60 players to the National Football League". "In Muck City, football is salvation, an escape from the likelihood of prison or early death." "Football is the chief subject taught at Pahokee High," a town historian wrote in 1963. In 2014 five former Blue Devils were in the NFL, the second most from any high school in the country. Public charter Glades Academy, 7368 State Road 15 (grades K–8). Enrollment: 195 (2015). Enrollment is 72% black, 18% Hispanic, 9% white, 1% other. 97% are from low-income families. Private Everglades Preparatory Academy, 380 East Main St. (grades 9–12). Enrollment: 106 (2016). (There is another, unrelated Everglades Preparatory Academy in Homestead, Florida.) Enrollment is 92% black, 6% Hispanic, 2% white. 90% are from low-income families. The Shepherd's School, 1800 Bacom Point Road, a Christian school (grades K–12). Enrollment: 71 (2016). G.A.P Christian Academy 183 S Lake Ave. (K-12 Education) Miracle Village One of the most heartwarming issues in Pahokee stems from the founding of Miracle Village. Miracle Village, founded by a minister, offers a small residential community for registered sex offenders, who sometimes have great difficulty in finding housing, or are homeless (see Julia Tuttle Causeway sex offender colony), because of Florida's strict regulations limiting where sex offenders can live. It is located about 3 miles east of Pahokee, on Muck City Road, in a former migrant worker facility, surrounded by sugar cane fields. This helps the offenders better integrate into society and not be a burden or commit further crimes in order to survive after serving their time mandated by the state and being released with little or no assistance from the department of corrections. Pahokee in the media On December 18, 2009, Damien Cave, Miami Bureau Chief of the New York Times, wrote an article describing Pahokee's economic plight and the town's hopes that a new marina project might help rejuvenate business. There has been a significant move towards regeneration with the re-opening of the Pahokee Marina Tiki Bar and Restaurant now known as 'Pahokee Mo's' and new Dollar General store. Governor Rick Scott also pledged $1.3 million towards the restoration of Pahokee's infrastructure in late 2014. This is in addition to $200,000 pledged by Senator Abruzzo in 2014. Movies and a play about Pahokee Chasing Rabbits (2008) A short by Aaron Kyle. Rabbit hunting as running training for would-be football players. Famous Florida State football coach Bobby Bowden makes a cameo appearance. Days after its release it was shown on ESPN, and an Adidas commercial was made using footage from it. Banished (2013) See under Miracle Village (community)#Banished Murder of a Small Town (2015) "James Patterson headed west to ask 'What the hell happened here?' in the PBS documentary that examines unemployment, crime, drugs and high school football in “Murder of a Small Town." The documentary deals with Belle Glade as well as Pahokee. Pahokee Florida 2015 Pahokee Florida 2015 is an aerial view of the town and surrounding area, without narration. It is available on YouTube. The Send-Off (2016) The Send-Off, a 12-minute short by Patrick Bresnan and Yvette Lucas, called an "intimate portrait" of Pahokee, was shown at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival. "Emboldened by a giant block party on the evening of their high school prom, a group of students enter the night with the hope of transcending their rural town and the industrial landscape that surrounds them." Along with others

it was nominated for, it won three awards in 2016: the Golden Gate Award for Best Documentary Short at the San Francisco International Film Festival, the Grand Jury Prize - Special Mention, Live Action Short at the American Film Institute's AFI Fest, and the Grand Jury Award at the South by Southwest Film Festival. The Rabbit Hunt (2017) The Rabbit Hunt, another short by Patrick Bresnan and Yvette Lucas. It differs from Chasing Rabbits in its approach to the topic, although the action scenes are similar. The rabbits are driven out of the sugar cane fields by the harvesting machinery, or by smoky, slow-moving fires (humidity is high) deliberately set after harvest to clean up leaves and other waste. The emerging rabbits are killed with clubs, gutted, skinned, cooked, and eaten, or sold to others as meat. Rabbits are a food source for a very poor community; the atmosphere has been called "primitive". "In the Florida Everglades rabbit hunting is a rite of passage for young men, practiced since the early 1900s. The Rabbit Hunt follows a family as they hunt in the fields of an industrial sugar farm." Everyone who appears in the film is African-American. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2017, and won the award of Outstanding Non-fiction Short in the Cinema Eye awards of the Museum of the Moving Image. Second Chance Sex Offenders (2018) See under Miracle Village (community)#Second Chance Sex Offenders. America Is Hard to See (play, 2018) See under America Is Hard to See (play). Pahokee (2019) Bresnan and Lucas spoke of their intention to follow their shorts with a full-length feature. The IMDb lists their movie, entitled simply Pahokee, which is in post-production and is scheduled for a 2019 release. Bresnan and Lucas are also the makers of Roadside Attraction (2017), which focuses on observers of President Trump's plane, when it visits Palm Beach International Airport. Local media As of 2018, there are no active local media in Pahokee. Pahokee's most recent local newspaper was 'A Better Pahokee', a free digital e-newspaper, founded in 2013 by Jessie Tsang and Minister Freddie Lee Peterkin. It ceased issuing new material in 2016. There are no radio stations in Pahokee. In nearby Belle Glade, there is WSWN Sugar 900, a gospal station, and WBGF, which simulcasts the programming of WZFL (Islamorada, Florida), a dance music station. There are three additional stations in Clewiston, Florida. Geography Pahokee is located at (26.824717, -80.659660). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 5,985 people, 1,710 households, and 1,328 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,109.4 inhabitants per square mile (428.7/km²). There were 1,936 housing units at an average density of 358.9 per square mile (138.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 25.21% White 56.06% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 15.20% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29.46% of the population. Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 13.6% of the populace. There were 1,710 households out of which 44.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 22.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.35 and the average family size was 3.79. In the city, 38.4% of the population

were under the age of 18, 10.3% were aged 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $26,731, and the median income for a family was $26,265. Males had a median income of $28,859 versus $20,066 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,346. About 29.4% of families and 32.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.9% of those under age 18 and 32.0% of those age 65 or over. In 2000, 72.78% of the population spoke only English at home, while those who spoke Spanish made up 26.65%, and those who spoke French Creole made up 0.56%. Notable people Reidel Anthony, NFL wide receiver, 1996 Florida Gators football team, Tampa Bay Buccaneers Bill Bentley, NFL cornerback, Louisiana-Lafeyette, Detroit Lions Anquan Boldin, NFL wide receiver, Florida State University, Baltimore Ravens Kevin Bouie, NFL running back, Mississippi State University Zabian Dowdell, basketball player for Phoenix Suns Rickey Jackson, NFL linebacker, New Orleans Saints and San Francisco 49ers, NFL Hall Of Fame Janoris Jenkins, NFL cornerback, New York Giants Pernell McPhee, linebacker, Washington Redskins Eric Moore, NFL Defensive End, New England Patriots Martavious Odoms, wide receiver, University of Michigan Freddie Lee Peterkin, minister, soul and gospel singer and actor He now resides in London. He noted in a recent BBC interview that despite living in Europe for many years, he considers his hometown to be Pahokee. Alphonso Smith, NFL cornerback, Detroit Lions Antone Smith, NFL running back, Florida State and Atlanta Falcons Vincent Smith, running back, University of Michigan Fred Taylor, NFL running back, Jacksonville Jaguars Mel Tillis, country musician, born in Tampa, raised in Pahokee Andre Waters, defensive back, Philadelphia Eagles Riquna Williams, basketball player, University of Miami and WNBA's Los Angeles Sparks References External links City of Pahokee Category:Cities in Palm Beach County, Florida Category:Cities in Florida Category:Populated places on Lake Okeechobee Category:1922 establishments in Florida Category:Populated places established in 1922

Sunkist Fun Fruits Sunkist Fun Fruits was a licensed snack food from Leaf Confections Limited which was manufactured with fruit from Sunkist Growers, Incorporated. and packaged by Thomas J. Lipton. The food which was introduced in 1987, was small, soft and pellet shaped. Initially, the food was available in four flavors: cherry, grape, orange and strawberry. Later that same year, it was available in assorted shapes such as dinosaurs and rock 'n' roll shapes in order to appeal to children. With the dismantling of Leaf Confections, Sunkist has currently licensed the production of fruit snacks to the Ben Myerson Candy Company for Sunkist Fruit Gems and General Mills, Inc. for Sunkist Fruit Snacks. In Canada, an additional brand, Sunkist First Fruit Snacks is manufactured by Ganong Bros. Limited. Advertising Advertising on television and comic books for Fun Fruits usually featured characters named "Tickle Trees" who would cause those who approached them to laugh uncontrollably. These trees, according to the advertising, produced fruits good enough to be used for Fun Fruits. Advertising for the dinosaur shapes featured the "Fruitasaurus," a friendly Brontosaurus who stockpiled dinosaur shaped Fun Fruits. External links Sunkist Official Site Category:Brand name snack foods Category:General Mills brands Category:Products introduced in 1987

Sinon Monastery Sinon Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Sikkim, northeastern India. History Architecture Gallery See also Buddhism Gautama Buddha History of Buddhism in India Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India References External links Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India Pilgrims Guide to Buddhist India: Buddhist Sites Category:Buddhist monasteries in Sikkim Category:Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and temples in India

Costa Rica women's national volleyball team The Costa Rica women's national volleyball team represents Costa Rica in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. At the Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship, Costa Rica usually competes for places 5-8. In 2013, then head coach Horacio Bastit stated that a better finish was not yet realistic. He stated that beating teams such as the US, Canada, Puerto Rico or the Dominican Republic can remain as goals for the future. Results FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship 2010 — 17th place NORCECA Championship 1999 — 7th place 2001 — 5th place 2003 — 6th place 2005 — Did not participate 2007 — 7th place 2009 — 7th place 2011 — 8th place 2013 — 8th place 2015 — 8th place 2017 — 7th place 2019 — TBA Pan-American Cup 2009 — 8th place 2010 — 11th place 2011 — 11th place 2012 — 9th place 2013 — 11th place 2014 — 10th place 2015 — 11th place 2016 — 12th place 2017 — Did not participate 2018 — 12th place 2009 Pan-American Cup Roster Head Coach: Braulio Godínez References External links NORCECA FIVB Volleyball Category:National women's volleyball teams Category:Women's sport in Costa Rica Category:Volleyball in Costa Rica

God Save Ireland "God Save Ireland" is an Irish rebel song celebrating the Manchester Martyrs, three Fenians executed in 1867. It served as an unofficial Irish national anthem for Irish nationalists from the 1870s to the 1910s. Composition On 18 September 1867, a group of 20–30 men effected the escape of two Fenian prisoners by ambushing the carriage transporting them to Belle Vue Gaol in Manchester. An attempt to shoot the lock off the carriage door caused the death of a police guard. In the following weeks, 28 men were arrested, 26 sent for trial, and five tried on 29 October. None had fired the fatal shot; all were charged with murder under the common purpose and felony murder doctrines. One of the five, Edward O'Meagher Condon, concluded his speech from the dock with the words "God Save Ireland", a motto taken up by supporters in the public gallery. All five were convicted and sentenced to death, again responding "God Save Ireland". One was acquitted on appeal as the evidence was shown to be unreliable; although the others were convicted on the evidence of the same witnesses, their sentences stood, though Condon's was commuted. The other three, Michael Larkin, William Phillip Allen, and Michael O'Brien, were hanged on 23 November 1867 and dubbed the Manchester Martyrs, not merely by physical force Irish republicans but more generally by Irish nationalists who felt a miscarriage of justice had occurred. The phrase "God Save Ireland" was quickly repeated by campaigners for their pardon and, after their hanging, by organisers of commemorations. The lyrics to "God Save Ireland" written by Timothy Daniel Sullivan were first published on 7 December 1867, the day before the Martyrs' funeral. Two other songs with the same title had been published before Sullivan's. To hasten his song's adoption, Sullivan set it to the well-known tune of "Tramp! Tramp! Tramp!", a popular pro-Union song of the American Civil War. The lines "whether on the scaffold high / Or on battlefield we die" were similar to lines from "The Place where Man should Die", by Michael Joseph Barry, published in 1843 in The Nation. Nationalist anthem Between 1867 and 1916 "God Save Ireland" was often referred to as the "Irish national anthem", being habitually sung at gathering of Irish nationalists, both in Ireland and abroad. During the Parnellite split of the 1890s, "God Save Ireland" was the anthem of the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation. John McCormack, an Irish tenor residing in the United States, had a big hit with the number, making the first of his popular phonograph records of it in 1906. For this reason, he was not welcome in the United Kingdom for several years. The song was sung by the insurgents during the Easter Rising of 1916, but thereafter it fell out of favour. Just as the Irish Parliamentary Party and the green harp flag were eclipsed by Sinn Féin and the Irish tricolour, so "God Save Ireland" was eclipsed by "The Soldiers' Song", which was formally adopted in 1926 as the anthem of the Irish Free State created in 1922. In sport The song was sung at football matches by fans of Celtic F.C. and the Republic of Ireland team. The melody of the chorus was adapted for "Ally's Tartan Army", the Scotland national football team's anthem for the FIFA World Cup 1978, this was itself adapted as the chorus of "Put 'Em Under Pressure", the anthem for the Republic of Ireland team for the FIFA World Cup 1990. Lyrics High upon the gallows tree swung the noble-hearted three. By the vengeful tyrant stricken in their bloom;

But they met him face to face, with the courage of their race, And they went with souls undaunted to their doom. Chorus: "God save Ireland!" said the heroes; "God save Ireland" said they all. Whether on the scaffold high Or the battlefield we die, Oh, what matter when for Erin dear we fall! Girt around with cruel foes, still their courage proudly rose, For they thought of hearts that loved them far and near; Of the millions true and brave o'er the ocean's swelling wave, And the friends in holy Ireland ever dear. (Chorus) Climbed they up the rugged stair, rang their voices out in prayer, Then with England's fatal cord around them cast, Close beside the gallows tree kissed like brothers lovingly, True to home and faith and freedom to the last. (Chorus) Never till the latest day shall the memory pass away, Of the gallant lives thus given for our land; But on the cause must go, amidst joy and weal and woe, Till we make our Isle a nation free and grand. (Chorus) Footnotes References Category:1867 songs Category:Irish Republican Brotherhood Category:Irish songs Category:Republic of Ireland national football team songs Category:Irish patriotic songs Category:The Dubliners songs

A Sort of Family A Sort of Family () is a 2017 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Diego Lerman. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 42nd Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2017. Cast Bárbara Lennie as Malena Daniel Aráoz as Dr. Costas Claudio Tolcachir as Mariano Yanina Ávila as Marcela Paula Cohen as Dra. Pernía References External links Category:2017 films Category:2010s drama films Category:Argentine films Category:Argentine drama films Category:Spanish-language films

The Beggar Bride The Beggar Bride was a 1997 British two-part television programme adapted from the Gillian White novel of the same name. Overview It was released on VHS in 1999 by 2 Entertain Video. Cast and crew Cast Keeley Hawes as Angela Harper Nicholas Jones as Sir Fabian Ormerod Joe Duttine as Billy Harper Kacey Ainsworth as Tina Jessica and Stephanie Foulger as the babies Jean Anderson as Lady Alice Hurleston Angela Belton as WDC Jones T. R. Bowen as Jerry (as Trevor Bowen) John Bowler as Inspector Hayes Elena Byers as Pandora Ormerod Joanna Byers as Tabitha Ormerod Constance Chapman as Nanny Ba Ba Maurice Denham as Lord Evelyn Hurleston Iain Easton as Robert Ian Easton as Robert (the chauffeur) Francesca Folan as Ruth Hubbard Miles Harvey as Aaron Teale Diana Kent as Ffiona Ormerod Richard Lintern as Callister Lizzie Mickery as Sandra Baines Georgina Sutcliffe as Laura Charlotte Williams as Honesty Ormerod Nicholas Pepworth as the wedding photographer Jessica Smith as Harry #2 Crew Director: Diarmuid Lawrence Producer: Kate Harwood Executive Producer: Michael Wearing Script: Lizzie Mickery and Gillian White (novel) Music "She's a Star" by James. "You've Got a Lot to Answer For" by Catatonia. External links Interview with Keeley Hawes on her website Category:1997 British television series debuts Category:1997 British television series endings Category:1990s British drama television series Category:1990s British television miniseries Category:BBC television dramas Category:English-language television programs Category:1997 television films

Kazu (footballer, born 2000) Christian Kendji Wagatsuma Ferreira (born 18 March 2000), commonly known as Kazu, is a Brazilian-Japanese footballer who currently plays for Coritiba. Career statistics Club Notes References Category:2000 births Category:Living people Category:Brazilian footballers Category:Brazil youth international footballers Category:Association football defenders Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Category:Coritiba Foot Ball Club players Category:Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players

MQX MQX RTOS is a real-time operating system developed by Precise Software Technologies Inc., and currently sold by Synopsys, Embedded Access Inc, and NXP Semiconductors. MQX is an abbreviation standing for Message Queue eXecutive. Like most real-time operating systems, MQX RTOS includes a multitasking kernel with pre-emptive scheduling and fast interrupt response, extensive inter-process communication and synchronization facilities, and a file system. Its configurable size conserves memory space taking as little as 6 KB of ROM, including its kernel, interrupts, semaphores, queues and a memory manager. MQX RTOS includes a TCP/IP stack (RTCS), embedded MS-DOS file system (MFS), USB Host/Device Stack, as well as Design, Task-Aware debugging (TAD), Remote debugging and performance analysis tools. It is supported by popular SSL/TLS libraries such as wolfSSL for increased security measures. MQX RTOS is generally used in embedded systems. MQX development is done on a "host" machine running Unix or Windows, cross-compiling target software to run on various "target" CPU architectures. MQX RTOS has been ported to a number of platforms and now runs on practically any modern CPU that is used in the embedded market. This includes Kinetis, ColdFire, PowerPC, ARC, ARM, StrongARM, xScale CPUs. All new Kinetis (ARM - CortexM4) and ColdFire devices are to be enabled with complimentary Freescale MQX RTOS. Freescale plans to expand the availability of this complimentary integrated enablement software to include many embedded processors in its broad portfolio. History MQX had its origins at Dy4 Systems Inc., a company based in Ottawa, Canada. A small team of software engineers at Dy4 consisting of Jeremy James, Mati Sauks and Craig Honegger started researching novel applications for embedded multiprocessors in 1984. This work led to the use of a real-time operating system in writing firmware for Dy4 single board computers. In 1989, Jeremy James and Mati Sauks commercialized the Harmony Real-time Operating System under the name of MPX, which was developed for portable multiprocessor real-time systems by the National Research Council Canada and created a company called Precise Software Technologies Inc. This effort led to the development of the Precise Real-Time Executive technology that was the basis of a product called MQX and MQX+m, which were real-time executives for single processor and multiprocessor applications. The unique asynchronous message passing paradigm delivered by MQX when it was introduced in 1991 and the royalty-free licensing model were accepted immediately in the embedded real-time market. Since the introduction of MQX, Precise continually added functionality to the MQX RTOS through it various iterations and versions. Precise Software Technologies Inc. was acquired by ARC International in March, 2000 and continued to develop, license and sell MQX on many new processor architectures including Freescale ColdFire, IBM/Freescale PowerPC and ARM. In 2004, Embedded Access assumed distribution and support of the MQX RTOS on non-ARC processor architectures. In 2009, Freescale began shipping the MQX RTOS complimentary with selected ColdFire MCUs. The MQX RTOS has been used in thousands of embedded projects by over 1000 companies, who have shipped millions of products running MQX. Today companies such as ABB, Agilent, ATI Technologies, Bausch and Lomb, General Dynamics, Daewoo, Exabyte, General Electric, B.F. Goodrich, Liebert, Matrox, Mitel Networks, Philips, Porsche, QLogic, SICK, Sony, Tyco and Xerox use MQX in applications such as Industrial Control, Networking, Storage and Consumer Electronics. References External links Freescale MQX RTOS Embedded Access Category:Real-time operating systems Category:Embedded operating systems Category:ARM operating systems Category:Microkernel-based operating systems Category:Microkernels

Debre Sina, Ethiopia Debre Sina is a town in Amhara, Ethiopia. Located in Semien Wollo (North Wollo) in the Amhara Region (or kilil), this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2630 to 2830 meters above sea level. Although the district was named after this town, the administrative center of the Debre Sina district is located in Mekane Selam. Debre Sina is located along Ethiopian Highway 2. Just west of Debre Sina, the national highway reaches its highest point at 3120 meters above sea level. Just below the top of the pass, a tunnel was constructed by the Italians in 1938. During the Italian occupation, the pass was referred to as the "passo Mussolini". Hydrologically, Debre Sina is located in the Afar endoreic basin. Just to the west of Debre Sina, the passo Mussolini crosses the continental divide into the Jamma River basin. Category:Populated places in the Amhara Region

Facial nerve The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, or simply CN VII. It emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The nerves typically travels from the pons through the facial canal in the temporal bone and exits the skull at the stylomastoid foramen. It arises from the brainstem from an area posterior to the cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) and anterior to cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve). The facial nerve also supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to several head and neck ganglia. The facial and intermediate nerves can be collectively referred to as the nervus intermediofacialis. Structure The path of the facial nerve can be divided into six segments. intracranial (cisternal) segment meatal (canalicular) segment (within the internal auditory canal) labyrinthine segment (internal auditory canal to geniculate ganglion) tympanic segment (from geniculate ganglion to pyramidal eminence) mastoid segment (from pyramidal eminence to stylomastoid foramen) extratemporal segment (from stylomastoid foramen to post parotid branches) The motor part of the facial nerve arises from the facial nerve nucleus in the pons while the sensory and parasympathetic parts of the facial nerve arise from the intermediate nerve. From the brain stem, the motor and sensory parts of the facial nerve join together and traverse the posterior cranial fossa before entering the petrous temporal bone via the internal auditory meatus. Upon exiting the internal auditory meatus, the nerve then runs a tortuous course through the facial canal, which is divided into the labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid segments. The labyrinthine segment is very short, and ends where the facial nerve forms a bend known as the geniculum of the facial nerve ("genu" meaning knee), which contains the geniculate ganglion for sensory nerve bodies. The first branch of the facial nerve, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, arises here from the geniculate ganglion. The greater petrosal nerve runs through the pterygoid canal and synapses at the pterygopalatine ganglion. Post synaptic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve innervate the lacrimal gland. In the tympanic segment, the facial nerve runs through the tympanic cavity, medial to the incus. The pyramidal eminence is the second bend in the facial nerve, where the nerve runs downward as the mastoid segment. In the temporal part of the facial canal, the nerve gives rise to the nerve to the stapedius and chorda tympani. The chorda tympani supplies taste fibers to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, and also synapses with the submandibular ganglion. Postsynaptic fibers from the submandibular ganglion supply the sublingual and submandibular glands. Upon emerging from the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve gives rise to the posterior auricular branch. The facial nerve then passes through the parotid gland, which it does not innervate, to form the parotid plexus, which splits into five branches innervating the muscles of facial expression (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical). Intracranial branches Greater petrosal nerve – It arises at the superior salivatory nucleus of the pons and provides parasympathetic innervation to several glands, including the nasal glands, the palatine glands, the lacrimal gland, and the pharyngeal gland. It also provides parasympathetic innervation to the sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity. This nerve also includes taste fibers for palate via lesser palatine nerve and greater palatine nerve. Communicating branch to the otic ganglion – It arises at the geniculate ganglion and joins the lesser petrosal nerve to reach the otic ganglion. Nerve to stapedius – provides motor innervation for stapedius muscle in middle ear Chorda tympani Parasympathetic innervation to

submandibular gland Parasympathetic innervation to sublingual gland Special sensory taste fibers for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Extracranial branches Distal to stylomastoid foramen, the following nerves branch off the facial nerve: Posterior auricular nerve – controls movements of some of the scalp muscles around the ear Branch to posterior belly of digastric muscle as well as the stylohyoid muscle Five major facial branches (in parotid gland) – from top to bottom: Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Marginal mandibular branch Cervical branch At the tip of tragal cartilage where the nerve is 1 cm deep and inferior At the posterior belly of digastric by tracing this backwards to the tympanic plate the nerve can be found between these two structures By locating the posterior facial vein at the inferior aspect of the gland where the marginal branch would be seen crossing it. lateral semicircular canal foot of incus Nucleus The cell bodies for the facial nerve are grouped in anatomical areas called nuclei or ganglia. The cell bodies for the afferent nerves are found in the geniculate ganglion for taste sensation. The cell bodies for muscular efferent nerves are found in the facial motor nucleus whereas the cell bodies for the parasympathetic efferent nerves are found in the superior salivatory nucleus. Development The facial nerve is developmentally derived from the second pharyngeal arch, or branchial arch. The second arch is called the hyoid arch because it contributes to the formation of the lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid bone (the rest of the hyoid is formed by the third arch). The facial nerve supplies motor and sensory innervation to the muscles formed by the second pharyngeal arch, including the muscles of facial expression, the posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid and stapedius. The motor division of the facial nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic pons, while the sensory division originates from the cranial neural crest. Although the anterior two thirds of the tongue are derived from the first pharyngeal arch, which gives rise to cranial nerve V, not all innervation of the tongue is supplied by CN V. The lingual branch of the mandibular division (V3) of CN V supplies non-taste sensation (pressure, heat, texture) from the anterior part of the tongue via general visceral afferent fibers. Nerve fibers for taste are supplied by the chorda tympani branch of cranial nerve VII via special visceral afferent fibers. Function Facial expression The main function of the facial nerve is motor control of all of the muscles of facial expression. It also innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle, and the stapedius muscle of the middle ear. All of these muscles are striated muscles of branchiomeric origin developing from the 2nd pharyngeal arch. Facial sensation In addition, the facial nerve receives taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue via the chorda tympani. Taste sensation is sent to the gustatory portion (superior part) of the solitary nucleus. General sensation from the anterior two-thirds of tongue are supplied by afferent fibers of the third division of the fifth cranial nerve (V-3). These sensory (V-3) and taste (VII) fibers travel together as the lingual nerve briefly before the chorda tympani leaves the lingual nerve to enter the tympanic cavity (middle ear) via the petrotympanic fissure. It joins the rest of the facial nerve via the canaliculus for chorda tympani. The facial nerve then forms the geniculate ganglion, which contains the cell bodies of the taste fibers of chorda tympani and other taste and sensory pathways. From the geniculate ganglion, the taste fibers

continue as the intermediate nerve which goes to the upper anterior quadrant of the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus along with the motor root of the facial nerve. The intermediate nerve reaches the posterior cranial fossa via the internal acoustic meatus before synapsing in the solitary nucleus. The facial nerve also supplies a small amount of afferent innervation to the oropharynx below the palatine tonsil. There is also a small amount of cutaneous sensation carried by the nervus intermedius from the skin in and around the auricle (outer ear). Other The facial nerve also supplies parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular gland and sublingual glands via chorda tympani. Parasympathetic innervation serves to increase the flow of saliva from these glands. It also supplies parasympathetic innervation to the nasal mucosa and the lacrimal gland via the pterygopalatine ganglion. The parasympathetic fibers that travel in the facial nerve originate in the superior salivatory nucleus. The facial nerve also functions as the efferent limb of the corneal reflex. Functional components The facial nerve carries axons of type GSA, general somatic afferent, to skin of the posterior ear. The facial nerve also carries axons of type GVE, general visceral efferent, which innervate the sublingual, submandibular, and lacrimal glands, also mucosa of nasal cavity. Axons of type GSE, general somatic efferent, innervate muscles of facial expression, stapedius, the posterior belly of digastric, and the stylohyoid. The axons of type SVA, special visceral afferent, provide taste to the anterior two-thirds of tongue via chorda tympani. Clinical significance Palsy People may suffer from acute facial nerve paralysis, which is usually manifested by facial paralysis. Bell's palsy is one type of idiopathic acute facial nerve paralysis, which is more accurately described as a multiple cranial nerve ganglionitis that involves the facial nerve, and most likely results from viral infection and also sometimes as a result of Lyme disease. Iatrogenic Bell's Palsy may also be as a result of an incorrectly placed dental local-anesthetic (Inferior alveolar nerve block). Although giving the appearance of a hemi-plegic stroke, effects dissipate with the drug. When the facial nerve is permanently damaged due to a birth defect, trauma, or other disorder, surgery including a cross facial nerve graft or masseteric facial nerve transfer may be performed to help regain facial movement. Facial nerve decompression surgery is also sometimes carried out in certain cases of facial nerve compression. Examination Voluntary facial movements, such as wrinkling the brow, showing teeth, frowning, closing the eyes tightly (inability to do so is called lagophthalmos), pursing the lips and puffing out the cheeks, all test the facial nerve. There should be no noticeable asymmetry. In an UMN lesion, called central seven, only the lower part of the face on the contralateral side will be affected, due to the bilateral control to the upper facial muscles (frontalis and orbicularis oculi). Lower motor neuron lesions can result in a CNVII palsy (Bell's palsy is the idiopathic form of facial nerve palsy), manifested as both upper and lower facial weakness on the same side of the lesion. Taste can be tested on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. This can be tested with a swab dipped in a flavoured solution, or with electronic stimulation (similar to putting your tongue on a battery). Corneal reflex. The afferent arc is mediated by the General Sensory afferents of the Trigeminal Nerve. The efferent arc occurs via the Facial Nerve. The reflex involves consensual blinking of both eyes in response to stimulation of one eye. This is due to the Facial Nerve's innervation of the muscles of facial expression, namely Orbicularis oculi, responsible for blinking.

Thus, the corneal reflex effectively tests the proper functioning of both Cranial Nerves V and VII. Additional images See also List of medical mnemonics References External links Category:Cranial nerves Category:Motor system Category:Innervation of the face Category:Autonomic nervous system Category:Gustatory system Category:Human mouth anatomy

USS Arizonan USS Arizonan (ID-4542A), also written ID-4542-A was a United States Navy cargo ship and troop transport in commission from 1918 to 1919. Construction and commercial service, 1902-1918 Arizonan was launched in 1902 at San Francisco, California, by the Union Iron Works as the commercial cargo ship SS Arizonan for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. She was completed early in 1903 and entered commercial service. Arizonan and her sister ship SS Alaskan—which later served in the U.S. Navy as USS Alaskan (ID-4542)—represented, according to a contemporary account, the "most advanced practice in the construction of ocean-going freighters and ... a most important addition to the American merchant marine." Intended exclusively for carrying freight, Arizonan was designed as a very strong ship with a large stowage capacity. After the United States entered World War I in 1917, Arizonan came under the control of the United States Shipping Board, which placed her in service under a United States Army account with a U.S. Navy Naval Armed Guard detachment aboard. United States Navy service, 1918-1919 World War I service In the summer of 1918, plans were made to have Arizonan manned by the U.S. Navy for the Army account. The Commandant of the 5th Naval District was authorized to fit out the ship for operation by the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) as long as the turnover could be accomplished without delaying the loading of the ship's next consignment of cargo. Accordingly, the Shipping Board transferred Arizonan on 10 August 1918 to the U.S. Navy, which gave her the Naval Registry Identification Number (Id. No.) 4542A (sometimes written as 4542-A), and commissioned her on 14 August 1918 as USS Arizonan with Lieutenant Commander Henry R. Patterson, USNRF, in command as she lay at an Army pier in Norfolk, Virginia. On 16 August 1918, Arizonan moved to Newport News, Virginia, where she took on cargo, including 50 trucks as a deck load, earmarked for the American Expeditionary Force in France. Underway on the morning of 30 August 1918, she crossed the Atlantic Ocean in convoy and, after a brief stopover at Gibraltar from 17 September 1918 to 18 September 1918, reached Marseilles, France, late in the afternoon of 21 September 1918 and, over the ensuing days, discharged her cargo. Departing Marseilles on 18 October 1918, Arizonan returned to Newport News in ballast, reaching the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway piers on the evening of 7 November 1918. Four days later, on 11 November 1918—the same day upon which the armistice with Germany was signed, ending World War I -- Arizonan moved out into the stream, opposite the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company yards. After a drydocking and repairs, she departed for New York City on the afternoon of 18 November 1918. Postwar service Undergoing further repairs and alterations first at the Shewan and later at the Morse Drydock company yard, Arizonan was taken in hand for conversion to a troop transport, her armament being removed at the Morse Drydock yard. Reassigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force on 14 December 1918, Arizonan remained at the Morse yard until late in January 1919 before shifting to one of the U.S. Army's major terminals, Bush Terminals, at Brooklyn, New York, to load additional gear in line with her recent metamorphosis into a troopship. Subsequently underway on the afternoon of 26 February 1919, Arizonan streamed paravanes soon after sighting the European coast on 11 March 1919, indicative of the precautions taken against any naval mines which might still be in French waters. She reached Bassens, France, a northeastern suburb of Bordeaux where the U.S. Army had built

a port facility during the war, on the evening of 12 March 1919. She discharged her cargo there, then moved to Pauillac, France, where she embarked "doughboys" for their trip home to the United States after their World War I service in France. She returned to Bush Terminals at Brooklyn on 3 April 1919. Arizonan departed Bush Terminals on 12 April 1919 for Bordeaux, where she embarked troops. She returned to Bush Terminals with them on 20 May 1919. She proceeded from Bush Terminals again on 7 June 1919; this time she embarked troops at St. Nazaire, France, and returned to Bush Terminals on 6 July 1919. Arizonan left Bush Terminals on 11 July 1919 for her fourth voyage to Europe as a troop transport. On 15 July 1919, during her outbound voyage, she encountered the disabled Naval Overseas Transportation Service troop transport USS Edward Luckenbach (ID-1662) and towed her 425 nautical miles (787 kilometers) back toward Boston, Massachusetts. The United States Coast Guard cutter USCGC Ossipee joined the two troop transports on the afternoon of 17 July 1919. On the morning of 19 July 1919, Ossipee took over the towing duty from Arizonan, freeing Arizonan to continue on her voyage to France. Arizonan ultimately made port at St. Nazaire on the morning of 30 July 1919. Completing her loading of return cargo — accomplished with an unusual labor force consisting of French stevedores and German prisoners-of-war — by 19 August 1919, Arizonan embarked a comparatively small group of passengers (14 U.S. Army officers, six field clerks, and four enlisted men) and got underway that morning for the United States. Reaching Hoboken, New Jersey, on 2 September 1919, Arizonan finished discharging cargo and disembarking her passengers by 11 September 1919 and shifted to the Shewan's yard later that day. She then moved to Hoboken on the afternoon of 17 September 1919. Over the ensuing days, workmen removed and dismantled the trappings of a troopship. As Arizonan lay moored alongside the U.S. Navy troop transport USS Pretoria at Pier 9, Army Docks, Hoboken, she was decommissioned on 29 September 1919. Her name was struck from the Navy List that same day. Commercial service from 1919 Returned to the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, the ship operated under the flag of that company as SS Arizonan until she was transferred to Japanese ownership sometime during 1927 or 1928. She disappears from mercantile records soon after that, suggesting that she was scrapped at the end of the 1920s. Notes References (for USS Arizonan (ID-4542A)) (for USS Alaskan (ID-4542) Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images: Civilian Ships: Arizonan (American Freighter, 1902). Served as USS Arizonan (ID # 4542-A) in 1918-1919 NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: Arizonan (ID 4245-A) Category:World War I cargo ships of the United States Category:Ships built in San Francisco Category:United States Navy Arizona-related ships Category:1902 ships Category:Cargo ships of the United States Navy Category:Unique transports of the United States Navy Category:World War I transports of the United States

Cuffy (TV series) Cuffy is a 1983 British sitcom. It spawned off from the 1980–1981 ATV comedy-drama Shillingbury Tales, and both series were created by Francis Essex. In Shillingbury Tales, the character of Cuffy appeared in two episodes and was played by Bernard Cribbins, who reprised this role, now given centre stage, for this series, alongside the rest of the main Shillingbury cast: Jack Douglas as farmer Jake, Linda Hayden as his daughter Mandy, Nigel Lambert as the Reverend Norris, and Diana King as the local spinster Mrs. Simkins. In as much the Shillingbury Tales were made by ITC Entertainment and seen on the ITV network via its parent company ATV, Cuffy was made by ATV's successor company Central Independent Television also for the ITV network. Plot The show revolved around the tinker Cuffy, who lived in a scruffy caravan in the fictional picturesque English village of Shillingbury. Beneath his raggy image (flat cap, grubby coat and stubble), deep underneath he had a heart of gold, although he had a tendency to get into mischief (unintentionally). The episodes revolved around some of his hapless misadventures. Episodes 1. Cuffy And A Carpetbagger (13 March 1983) 2. Cuffy And A Holiday (20 March 1983) 3. Cuffy And A Fashion Show (27 March 1983) 4. Cuffy And A Downpour (3 April 1983) 5. Cuffy And The Status Quo (10 April 1983) 6. Cuffy And A Green Eye (17 April 1983) Trivia The character of Cuffy was actually the brainchild of the late Bob Monkhouse, who was a close friend of Shillingbury creator Francis Essex, and gave it to him to include in both series. The series' interior scenes were shot at Elstree Studios, which were still owned by Central TV (hired from ATV) and were its production base until their new Nottingham studios were completed in November 1983, after which they sold Elstree to the BBC and made the move northwards. DVD release The Complete Series of Cuffy was released on 3 May 2010. References Mark Lewisohn, BBC Online Comedy Guide/Radio Times Guide to TV Comedy British TV Online Resources External links Category:1983 British television series debuts Category:1983 British television series endings Category:1980s British comedy television series Category:ITV sitcoms Category:Television series by ITV Studios Category:English-language television programs Category:Television programmes produced by Central Independent Television

Basic income in the United Kingdom Basic income has been discussed in United Kingdom for much of the 20th and 21st century. UK organisations based around basic income include Basic Income UK, which promotes the scheme, and The Citizen's Basic Income Trust, which promotes debate around the subject. Major British political parties that include basic income on their agenda include: the Green Party of England and Wales, the Scottish National Party and the Scottish Green Party, while Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell is said to be a supporter of basic income. History (from Thomas Paine to year 2000) Thomas Paine: Agrarian Justice Thomas Paine, an English-American philosopher and revolutionary, proposed a system whereby all citizens, when reaching adulthood, should be given an equal amount of money from the state. The idea was developed in Agrarian Justice, published 1797. The basic philosophical idea behind the proposal, explained in the book, was the contention that in the state of nature, "the earth, in its natural uncultivated state... was the common property of the human race". This contemporary and fellow pamphleteer, Thomas Spence, responded with a proposal that more closely fits the contemporary definition of basic income. Speenhamland The Speenhamland system was a form of poverty relief in England at the end of the 18th century and during the early 19th century. It started in the village of Speenhamland, but soon spread to most parts of the country. William Pitt the Younger tried to have the system implemented nationally but failed. Although it has one similarity to basic income, in that theoretically everyone was eligible, it was means-tested and it included work conditions and supervision that made it very different from basic income. 1920s and 1930s Even though basic income and related ideas had been proposed a few times before the 1920s (most notably Bertrand Russell in 1918), it was not until then that a social movement seems to have started around the idea. Valter Van Trier has described this movement, which started in United Kingdom, in his book Every One A King. The idea of basic income was revived prominently by Dennis Milner and his wife Mabel Milner in their pamphlet Scheme for a State Bonus: A rational method of solving the social problem published in 1918. Following this publication, the so-called "State Bonus League was formed in july of the same year. The League pushed the idea inside the Labour Party, which dedicated several hearings at the National Congress in 1920 and 1922, but the idea was eventually rejected. At the same time Major C.H. Douglas, a British engineer and social philosopher, developed a new economic philosophy which he labelled Social Credit. At the heart of the philosophy was a firm belief in the importance of individual freedom, but also that the monetary system had to be changed so that the market system could function properly. In short he combined monetary reform and basic income. 1940s The Beveridge report, published in 1942, stated that social insurances should be the main system in society for economic security. Besides that the report also proposed a selective system for those without access to social insurances. Beveridge himself did not like means-testing and selectivism, because it created high marginal tax rates for the poor, but he nevertheless thought that it was a necessary complement. After the war the "Beveridge-model" became the guiding principle for the welfare state, both in Britain and internationally. Lady Juliet Rhys Williams proposed the "New Social Contract" as an alternative to the Beveridge Report. In short she proposed basic income in the form of a negative income tax, except that she also

recommended a work test. 1950s – 2000 In 1972 the Cabinet of Edward Heath put forward a proposal for a tax-credit scheme which resembled a citizen's income in some ways but did not cover the whole of the population. In 1979 child benefit which is a citizen's income for children in all but name was introduced. Contemporary debate and development (2000–) A system of basic income is supported by the Green Party of England and Wales, the Scottish National Party and the Scottish Green Party. For a period the Liberal Democrats also accepted it as official policy, but they have since modified their support. Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell is said to be a supporter of basic income and on 16 February 2016 said that universal basic income is "an idea we want to look at". Writing in The New Statesman on 17 February, Labour MP Jonathan Reynolds argues in its favour, (1) as a policy for coping with "inevitable but fundamental economic change," (2) as an alternative to "the bewildering complexity of our welfare system" when "people move frequently into and out of work", and (3) as a "platform from which [people] might fulfil their potential". Recent Reports In 2015 the London-based RSA (Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce) launched its own proposal for Basic Income entitled Creative Citizens, Creative State. It advocated replacing a swathe of UK means-tested benefits with a single universal payment as a response to the changing landscape of work and an ageing population. In March 2019, the New Economics Foundation (NEF) produced the report Nothing Personal: Replacing the personal tax allowance with a Weekly National Allowance. The report maintained that if the Government abolished the personal allowance of income tax and replaced it with a weekly cash payment of £48 a week it could lift 200,000 families out of poverty. The proposed policy swap would shift £8bn currently spent on tax allowances for the 35% highest income families to the remaining 65% of families. However, the report was critical of the notion of a universal basic income, ie, a guaranteed income for all citizens. Approximately a week after the report by the NEF, the think tank Compass published a report written by economists Stewart Lansley and Howard Reed. Entitled Basic Income for All: From Desirability to Feasibility it suggested the government could make tax-free payments of £60 to every adult, £175 for those over 65 and £40 for each child under 18, regardless of other income. This would be designed to cut rising levels of poverty and inequality across the United Kingdom. Their report suggested the cost of reworking the tax and benefits system would be £28bn, less than the aggregate cuts to benefits since 2010 and the changes would return social security spending back to the level of a decade ago to help cover the costs of the UBI. Lansley and Reed followed up this report with a second in 2019, that took a closer look at the financial possibilities of universal basic income in the UK. In Basic Income for All: From Desirability to Feasibility, Lansley and Reed claim that "a meaningful basic income of, for example, over £10,000 per year could be paid to a family of four. Sums at this level, paid without condition, would significantly improve the living standards and life chances of millions of people and ... are affordable." In May 2019, a report by Professor Guy Standing, commissioned by the Progressive Economic Forum and forwarded to John McDonnell (the acting Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer) suggested different models for piloting basic income. Standing's report

(Basic Income as Common Dividends: Piloting a Transformative Policy. A Report for the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer) cites a "perfect storm" of factors that lead to the need for a basic income: Broad ethical justifications for basic income, which Standing cites as "social justice, security, freedom and solidarity" are now working in combination with urgent socio-economic demands. "A growing proportion of people," the report states, "are in the precariat, living bits-and-pieces lives, relying on low wages and incomes that are increasingly volatile and unpredictable and on inadequate and uncertain benefits in times of loss of earnings power." Echoing William Beveridge's 1942 report suggesting the need for a Welfare State in the UK, Standing states there are eight modern giants, stretching form inequality, debt through to neo-fascism, that basic income could help tackle. The report is also highly critical of current UK welfare schemes, mainly Universal Credit, which he states are unfair for large families, have high administrative costs and limit personal freedom. The report deals with the most common objections to a basic income. To the objection that basic income is not affordable, Professor Standing said there are 1,156 tax reliefs in the UK at the moment and if they were scrapped that would pay for a basic income. "If we phased out those tax reliefs the total revenue foregone by the Treasury from tax reliefs is £420bn per year and that's their own estimates, not mine," he added. He also suggests "a more general Commons Permanent Fund, in which a national investment fund would be built mainly from levies on commercial intrusions into the commons, boosted by contributions from a land-value tax, eco taxes, digital information levies and several others." Proposed Pilots There are currently no regional basic income pilots running in the UK. However, some proposals have been made. In 2018, the Scottish Government agreed to provide 250,000 GBP to assess the feasibility of a basic income pilot in four areas: Glasgow, Edinburgh and the regions of Fife and North Ayrshire. The feasibility study will be completed in September 2019, and the government will then decide how best to proceed with a pilot in the four areas. The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce has also produced a report examining some of the benefits and challenges of a basic income system in the region of Fife. And in 2019, the council of Sheffield agreed to work on ensuring that "UBI can be implemented successfully in Sheffield”. The council of Liverpool has also shown enthusiasm for experimenting with a basic income. Critics There are also several critics on both the right and left wing. The Conservative MP Nick Boles, is one of them. According to Boles the talk of basic income as a response to the rise of robots is “dangerous nonsense”. The main argument against basic income for the Conservatives, he argues, should be that it is morally wrong. In his forthcoming book Square Deal he writes: “Mankind is hard-wired to work. We gain satisfaction from it. It gives us a sense of identity, purpose and belonging … we should not be trying to create a world in which most people do not feel the need to work. Ian Goldin, Professor of Globalisation and Development at the University of Oxford, has written against UBI claiming it "will lead to higher inequality and poverty" and "undermine social cohesion." Various left-wing pressure groups and think tanks share such suspicions. A report by DPAC (Disabled People Against Cuts) consider that "the need to finance universal basic income payments could lead to even more pressure to save

money by restricting eligibility [for welfare payments for the disabled] than under the current system. And the left-wing New Economics Foundation concluded that "UBI is an individualistic, monetary intervention that undermines social solidarity and fails to tackle the underlying causes of poverty, unemployment and inequality." Academic debate Several British academics have been involved in the basic income debate. Among them the following: James Meade, a left-leaning economist and winner of the 1977 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, took part in the basic income discussion from time to time. In his last books Full Employment Regained and Agathopia he returned to the question. Guy Standing has been very active in the debate since the 1980s. He is now especially well known for his theory about the so-called precariat, a new social class which he thinks is growing because of globalisation, and that this development is yet another strong argument for why basic income should be implemented. Carole Pateman, a British political scientist, has declared that she sees basic income as a fundamental human right. For the system to reach its full potential, however, it is important that the level is not set too low. Organisations The organisation Basic Income UK is "a collective of independent people promoting unconditional basic income as a progressive social policy for the United Kingdom, and beyond". "The Citizen's Basic Income Trust promotes debate on the desirability and feasibility of a Citizen's Income by publishing a newsletter and other publications, maintaining a library of resources, and responding to requests for information". It was founded in 1984 as the Basic Income Research Group and later changed its name to CIT. The current Director is Malcolm Torry, who is also the General Manager of Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN). Chaired by Willie Sullivan, the Citizen’s Basic Income Network Scotland "is a new organisation set up to raise awareness of the benefits that a Basic Income would bring to Scotland". See also Ailsa McKay References External links Basic Income UK Citizen’s Basic Income Trust United Kingdom

Prince Francis, Count of Trapani Prince Francis of the Two Sicilies, Count of Trapani (Full Italian name: Francesco di Paola Luigi Emanuele, Principe di Borbone delle Due Sicilie; 13 August 1827 – 24 September 1892) was a member of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Life Born in Naples, Francis was the youngest child and son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife, Maria Isabella of Spain. He received the title of Count of Trapani. He was three years old at the death of his father and the ascension of his brother Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies to the throne. As the youngest son in a large family, he was destined to follow a career in the church and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome. His religious career was abandoned in 1844 when King Louis Philippe of France proposed to marry Francis to the young Queen Isabella II of Spain. She was three years younger than him and was both his cousin and his niece. The French ambassador to the Holy See who met the Count of Trapani at this time described him unfavorably as " very ugly, small, of sickly appearance, without expression of intelligence; and when I remember in what condition of health I saw Queen Isabella during my stay in Spain (she suffered from an acute form of eczema), I cannot help thinking that at least from the physical point of view, they could choose better". The Count of Trapani hesitated in putting forward his candidacy to marry Isabella II. His brother the Count of Aquila, his confessor, and the pro-Austrian party in Naples were all against the idea, thinking that he would be an instrument in King Louis Philippe's hands and that the Queen of Spain could not bear children. However, after a family council on 17 June 1845, Trapani accepted marrying his niece under pressure by his brother Ferdinand II, his mother, and the French ambassador. However, he could not ask for the Queen's hand, she had to offer it. Spain's prime minister Narvaez and Francis's sister Queen Maria Christina favored his candidacy. However, after the fall of Narvaez's government in April 1846, and facing the lack of support in Spain for the project, Maria Christina chose her nephew the Duke of Cadiz as a husband for her daughter in an agreement with King Louis Philippe. Four years later, on 10 April 1850, Francis married another niece, Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria, Princess of Tuscany, daughter of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies. Their union was unpopular in Tuscany as the Bourbon of Naples were disliked on political grounds. In spite of family intrigues, he was loyal to his brother Ferdinand II. Because he did not bother Ferdinand II with petitions, Francis was well liked by the king. Like his brothers, the Count of Syracuse and the Count of Aquila, Trapani had a weakness for women of easy virtue, but he did not get involve in scandals. At Ferdinand II's death on 22 May 1859, Trapani was entrusted with handling the army. During the short reign of his nephew King Francis II, Trapani, lacking in political acumen, provided him with little help in the critical time of the fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicillies. After the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies fell in 1861 during the Expedition of the Thousand, the royal family went into exile. Francis and his family went to Rome, where they were under the protection of Pope Pius IX. However, the Papal States

were also invaded in 1870 by Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Francis and his family fled next to France. Francis died in 1892 in Paris at 65 years of age. Issue The Count of Trapani and his wife had five children: Princess Maria Antonietta of the Two Sicilies (16 March 1851 – 12 September 1938) ∞ Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta on 8 June 1868 in Rome, had 12 children. Prince Leopoldo of the Two Sicilies (24 September 1853 – 4 September 1870) Princess Maria Teresa Pia of the Two Sicilies (7 January 1855 – 1 September 1856) Princess Maria Carolina of the Two Sicilies (21 February 1856 – 7 April 1941) ∞ Count Andrzej Przemysław Zamoyski on 19 November 1885 in Paris, had 7 children. Prince Ferdinando of the Two Sicilies (25 May 1857 – 22 July 1859) Princess Maria Annunziata of the Two Sicilies (21 September 1858 – 20 March 1873) Honours Knight of the Order of Saint Januarius (1830) Knight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece (1830) Knight of the Order of Charles III Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit Ancestry References Category:1827 births Category:1892 deaths Category:People from Naples Category:Princes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Category:House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Category:Counts of Trapani Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Januarius Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit Category:19th-century Roman Catholics Category:Italian Roman Catholics Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery

Gouda, South Holland Gouda () is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, between Rotterdam and Utrecht, in the province of South Holland. Gouda has a population of 72,338 and is famous for its Gouda cheese, stroopwafels, many grachten, smoking pipes, and its 15th-century city hall. Its array of historic churches and other buildings makes it a very popular day trip destination. In the Middle Ages, a settlement was founded at the location of the current city by the Van der Goude family, who built a fortified castle alongside the banks of the Gouwe River, from which the family and the city took its name. The area, originally marshland, developed over the course of two centuries. By 1225, a canal was linked to the Gouwe and its estuary was transformed into a harbour. City rights were granted in 1272. History Around the year 1100, the area where Gouda now is located was swampy and covered with a peat forest, crossed by small creeks such as the Gouwe. Along the shores of this stream near the current market and city hall, peat harvesting began in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1139, the name Gouda is first mentioned in a statement from the Bishop of Utrecht. In the 13th century, the Gouwe was connected to the Oude Rijn (Old Rhine) by means of a canal and its mouth at the Hollandse IJssel was developed into a harbour. Castle Gouda was built to protect this harbour. This shipping route was used for trade between Flanders and France with Holland and the Baltic Sea. In 1272, Floris V, Count of Holland, granted city rights to Gouda, which by then had become an important location. City-canals or grachten were dug and served as transport ways through the town. Great fires in 1361 and 1438 destroyed the city. In 1572, the city was occupied by Les Gueux (Dutch rebels against the Spanish King) who also committed arson and destruction. In 1577 the demolition of Castle Gouda began. In 1551 was founded the oldest still-functioning inn De Zalm, located on Markt 34, near the historic Waag building. In 1574, 1625, 1636, and 1673, Gouda suffered from deadly plague epidemics, of which the last one was the most severe: 2995 persons died, constituting 20% of its population. In the last quarter of the 16th century, Gouda had serious economic problems. It recovered in the first half of the 17th century and even prospered between 1665 and 1672. But its economy collapsed again when war broke out in 1672 and the plague decimated the city in 1673, even affecting the pipe industry. After 1700, Gouda enjoyed a period of progress and prosperity until 1730. Then another recession followed, resulting in a long period of decline that lasted well into the 19th century. Gouda was one of the poorest cities in the country during that period: the terms "Goudaner" and "beggar" were considered synonymous. Starting in 1830, demolition of the city walls began. The last city gate was torn down in 1854. Only from the second half of the 19th century onward did Gouda start to profit from an improved economic condition. New companies, such as Stearine Kaarsenfabriek (Stearine Candle Factory) and Machinale Garenspinnerij (Mechanized Yarn Spinnery), acted as the impetus to its economy. In 1855, the railway Gouda-Utrecht began to operate. In the beginning of the 20th century, large-scale development began, extending the city beyond its moats. First the new neighbourhoods Korte Akkeren, Kort Haarlem and Kadebuurt were built, followed by , , and after World War II. From 1940 on, back-filling of the city

moats and city-canals, the grachten, began: the Nieuwe Haven, Raam, Naaierstraat, and Achter de Vismarkt. But because of protests from city dwellers and revised policies of city planners, Gouda did not continue back-filling moats and city-canals, now considered historically valuable. In 1944, the railway station was damaged during an Allied bombardment, killing 8 and wounding 10 persons. This bombardment was intended to destroy the railroad connecting The Hague and Rotterdam to Utrecht. After the war, the city started to expand and nearly tripled in size. New neighbourhoods, such as Gouda-Oost, Bloemendaal and Goverwelle were built. Over the last years there has been a shift from expanding the city towards urban renewal and gentrification. Demographics Economy Gouda is world-famous for its Gouda cheese, which is still traded on its cheese market, held each Thursday. Gouda is also known for the fabrication of candles, smoking pipes, and stroopwafels. Gouda used to have a considerable linen industry and a number of beer breweries. The world-famous Gouda cheese is not made in the city itself but in the surrounding region. It derives its name from being traded in Gouda where the city council imposes stringent quality controls. The economy of the city centre is based on tourism, leisure and retail, while offices are located at the outskirts of the city. Currently, there are over 32,000 jobs in the city, mainly in commercial and healthcare services. Attractions Old City Hall at the Markt square - built between 1448 and 1450, one of the oldest Gothic city halls in the Netherlands; The Waag (weigh house) - built in 1667 across from the Old City Hall, this building was used for weighing goods (especially cheese) to levy taxes. It now is a national monument. It currently hosts a small cheese museum; Grote or St. Jans Kerk (Great or Saint John Church) - longest church in the Netherlands, famous for its stained glass windows which were made between 1530 and 1603, considered the most significant stained glass collection in the Netherlands. Even in the 17th century, it already was a tourist attraction; - museum about the history and arts of the city; Verzetsmuseum - museum about the Dutch resistance during World War II, collection currently in storage as museum building closed in November 2018; Museumhaven Gouda - small harbour with historic ships; Goudse Schouwburg - large theatre; Waaiersluis (Waaier Locks) - a historic lock on the Hollandse IJssel just east of Gouda. Events Gouda Cheese & Craft Market, every Thursday from 10:00 - 13:00h (April–August). According to Stichting Goudse Kaas, it attracted 60,000 tourists each year (as of 2017). Gouda Ceramics Days, yearly two-day event of ceramists from the Netherlands and several other countries. Several exhibitions. May 29 10:00 - 17:00h and May 30 10:00 - 16:00h around the Old City Hall. Gouda's Monmartre, antique/curio/flea/collector's market, weekly on Wednesdays around the Old City Hall during summer from June 4 - Sept. 10, 2014. Gouda Water City Festival weekend of June 21, 2014 Gouda by Candlelight - an annual Christmas event held in mid December, featuring attractions in the city centre. In the evening, a Christmas tree, an annual gift from the sister city of Kongsberg, is lit in the market place. Carols are sung by famous Dutch singers accompanied by choirs. The windows of the Old City Hall and the surrounding houses are lit by Gouda candles. Transport Gouda is served by two railway stations: Gouda, and Gouda Goverwelle. The main railway station is served by Intercity services to The Hague, Rotterdam, and Utrecht and local trains to Amsterdam and Alphen aan den Rijn/Leiden. The city also lies

alongside the A12 and A20 motorways. Twin towns – sister cities Gouda is twinned with: Kongsberg, Norway (since 1956) Solingen, Germany (since 1957) Natives of Gouda Public thinking & Public Service Gerard Leeu (1445–1493) was a Dutch printer of the incunabulum period Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) a Dutch philosopher and Christian humanist, scholar of the northern Renaissance Cornelius Loos (1546–1595) a Roman Catholic priest, theologian and professor of theology brothers Cornelis de Houtman (1565–1599) and Frederick de Houtman (1571–1627) were explorers on the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies Adriaen Maertensz Block (ca.1582-1661) commander and governor of Ambon 1614-1617, Hieronymus van Beverningh (1614–1690) a diplomat, amateur botanist and patron of the arts Roemer Vlacq (1637–1703) a Dutch naval captain, who blew up his ship to save it from capture Hieronymus van Alphen (1746–1803) a jurist and wrote poems for children Gerard Van Helden (1848–1901) Detective Superintendent in the Birmingham City Police Force Gerard van Leijenhorst (1928–2001) a politician and chemistry teacher in Gouda 1955 to 1971 Wim Deetman (born 1945) a politician, teacher and municipal councillor in Gouda 1974 to 1981 Hans van Leeuwen (born 1946) an educator, engineer, inventor, researcher and entrepreneur Ad Melkert (born 1956) a Dutch politician, diplomat and nonprofit director Science & Business Adriaan Vlacq (1600–1667) a Dutch author of mathematical tables and book publisher Nicolaas Hartsoeker (1656–1725) a mathematician and physicist, invented the screw-barrel microscope Gualtherus Johannes Kolff (1826–1881) co-founder of G. Kolff & Co., a publishing company in Batavia, Dutch East Indies Pieter Johannes van Rhijn (1886—1960) a Dutch astronomer Jan Schilt (1894–1982) a Dutch-American astronomer, invented the Schilt photometer Jan Gonda (1905–1991) a Dutch Indologist and academic Leo Vroman (1915-2014) a Dutch-American hematologist, poet and illustrator Peter van Mensch (born 1947) a Dutch scientist in the field of museology Peter Stas (born 1963) a Dutch entrepreneur and author, CEO of Frédérique Constant The Arts brothers Dirk Crabeth (1501—1574) & Wouter Crabeth I (1510-1590), Dutch Renaissance glass painters Pieter Pourbus (ca.1523–1584) a Flemish Renaissance painter of portraits and religious scenes Cornelis Ketel (1548–1616) a Dutch Mannerist painter Cornelis Engelsz (1575–1650) a Dutch Golden Age painter Jacob Block (1580–1646) a Dutch Golden Age painter Daniël Tomberg (1603–1678) a Dutch Golden Age glass painter Frederick de Wit (ca.1630–1706) a cartographer and artist, drew, printed and sold maps Hendrik Bary (ca.1632–1707) a Dutch engraver Pieter Donker (1635–1668) a Dutch Golden Age painter Jan Willem van Borselen (1825-1892) a Dutch landscape painter of the Hague School Cornelis Verwoerd (1913–2000) a Dutch Delftware painter, modeler, and ceramist Koos de Bruin (1941-1992) a Dutch painter, draftsman, sculptor and graphic artist Rozalie Hirs (born 1965) a Dutch composer of contemporary classical music and a poet Marco de Goeij (born 1967), composer, reconstructed Concerto for Group and Orchestra by Jon Lord René Van Der Wouden (born 1972) a Dutch electronic, New Age musician Léon de Jong (born 1982) a Dutch politician and singer, a former musician and salesman Sport Dick van Dijk (1946–1997) football player with 250 club caps Harry van der Laan (born 1964) a retired Dutch football striker with over 350 club caps Ed de Goey (born 1966) former goalkeeper with 569 club caps, 31 caps with Netherlands national football team Gillian van den Berg (born 1971) a water polo player, team gold medallist at the 2008 Summer Olympics Andrea Nuyt (born 1974) a retired speed skater, competed at the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics Froukje Wegman (born 1979) a rower and team bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics Michel Breuer (born 1980) a retired Dutch footballer with 519 club caps Paulien van Deutekom (1981-2019) a Dutch champion speed

skater, competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics Bianca de Jong-Muhren (born 1986) a Dutch chess Women Grandmaster (WGM) Mieke Cabout (born 1986) a water polo player, team gold medallist at the 2008 Summer Olympics Ted-Jan Bloemen (born 1986) a Dutch-Canadian long track speed skater, gold and silver medallist at the 2018 Winter Olympics Michael van der Mark (born 1992) a Dutch motorcycle racer Gallery Notes References Abels, P.H.A.M. (2002) Duizend jaar Gouda: een stadsgeschiedenis (Thousand year Gouda: A history of the city) Verloren, Hilversum, , in Dutch Denslagen, W.F. and Akkerman, Chris (2001) Gouda Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg, Zeist, NL, , in Dutch Schouten, Jan and de Wit, Bob (1960) Gouda (translated from the Dutch by Flora van Os-Gammon) W. van Hoeve, The Hague , in English External links Official website for the city of Gouda (in Dutch) A collection of old pictures and drawings of Gouda. (A journey through the past) Virtual Tour of St. Johns church (Sint Janskerk) Gouda Category:Cities in the Netherlands Category:Municipalities of South Holland Category:Populated places in South Holland

Rubén Gálvez Rubén Ramos González (born 15 May 1993), commonly known as Gálvez, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for San Fernando CD as a goalkeeper. Football career Born in Aracena, Province of Huelva, Andalusia, Gálvez graduated from local Recreativo de Huelva, and spent his first two years as a senior with their reserves. On 26 May 2013 he first appeared for the main squad, starting in a 2–1 home win against Córdoba CF for the Segunda División championship. On 27 January 2014, Rubén signed a new two-year deal with Recre, being immediately loaned to Segunda División B club SD Huesca. He returned to the former in May, being definitely promoted to the first team. References External links Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:Spanish footballers Category:Andalusian footballers Category:Association football goalkeepers Category:Segunda División players Category:Segunda División B players Category:Tercera División players Category:Atlético Onubense players Category:Recreativo de Huelva players Category:SD Huesca footballers

Joe Cinque's Consolation Joe Cinque’s Consolation: A True Story of Death, Grief and the Law is a non-fiction book written by Australian author Helen Garner, and published in 2004. It is an account of Garner's presence at the separate trials of Anu Singh and her friend Madhavi Rao, who were accused of murdering Singh's boyfriend Joe Cinque and Garner's attempts to understand the events that led to his death, as well as the legal and personal responses to the crime. The book was adapted into a 2016 film of the same name. A national bestseller, the book has sold 100,000 copies. Joe Cinque's death Anu Singh, a law student at Canberra's Australian National University, killed her boyfriend Joe Cinque on 26 October 1997 with a lethal dose of heroin, after she had laced his coffee with Rohypnol. A number of her friends and acquaintances had been informed of her intent to kill him and some were present at parties she held in which he was drugged; none of these friends alerted authorities or police. She was subsequently found guilty of his manslaughter. The most involved of the friends, Madhavi Rao, was acquitted of all charges. Rao moved abroad and adopted a new identity after the conclusion of the trials, while Singh was released from prison in 2001. Summary Joe Cinque's Consolation begins with Garner being informed of Singh's second 1999 trial and its circumstances, when it was already in progress. She becomes interested and travels from her Sydney residence to attend the hearings in Canberra. She relates her impressions of the trial, including her negative reactions to Singh and her mystification at Rao's and others' lack of shock at and complicity in Singh's plans, which she determines to be a state of apathy and abandonment of compassion. As the trial progresses she becomes acquainted with Cinque's mother Maria and feels that the court system is not distributing sufficient justice to the victim or his family. After the trial Garner interviews Singh's family and attempts to interview Singh and Rao, but both refuse or are uncontactable. Because of Singh's refusal to be interviewed or contacted, Garner bases most of her information about the woman from erstwhile friends, anecdotal evidence and court transcripts. Singh is portrayed as socially gifted and ambitious, but highly narcissistic, with significant self-esteem issues. Additionally, Garner notes the accused kept diaries about her interactions with men as a teen in which she treated them as disposable commodities, wore high heels to high school, and according to anecdotal evidence from her former best friend, treated Cinque with an element of derision–sometimes mocking him and making jibes about what she thought was a lack of intellect and sophistication to her friends. Some of Singh's former friends thought her to be shallow, self-obsessed and desperate for male approval. As the book progresses, Garner becomes interested in victim's rights, interviews the presiding judge and repeatedly visits and becomes a friend of Cinque's family, and eventually concludes that the purpose of the book is to be consolation for Joe Cinque, as the trial proceedings could not be. Themes Garner uses the case to explore far-reaching themes of human behaviour, culpability and responsibility, duty of care, victims' rights and crime/punishment. She also touches on issues that range from the nature of human memory, including how it is not explicitly clear or cohesive, nor is it linear, and thus under cross-examination in a courtroom, any kind of lapse in memory, or contradiction of a preceding statement, may portray a person as a liar or an unworthy witness. Class and cultural clashes are drawn between the

working class Italian-Australian family of the Cinques, compared to the "professional class" Indian-Australian family of the Singhs. That comparison starkly juxtaposes the blue-collar or working class Cinques (although Joe Cinque had a degree in engineering), from a working-class Newcastle suburb with the middle class status of the Singhs, who lived in comfortable inner-west Sydney. Furthermore, the use of psychiatry in law, is alluded to various times. Garner questions whether a "psychological sophistication" that has developed in light of modern behavioural science overrides the fact that some actions are plainly wrong and should be punishable, regardless of the pathology of the person who commits them. She poses this question in reference to Anu Singh. Singh's defence team used her "abnormality of mind" (a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and psychotic depression was referenced in the court proceedings) as an explanation for her killing Cinque, akin to the insanity defense. Finally, Garner laments on the perfunctory decision that the Crown psychiatrist would not be given direct access to Singh, and her diagnosis would be made instead on the basis of transcripts and interviews with mental health professionals in the past – Garner admits this "floored" her. Additionally, one reviewer writing for the Australian Book Review opined that it was Maria Cinque who called out the "flaky moral relativism" of the ANU students who were indifferent to Singh's plans, as well as the Canberra courts, the defence lawyers and the judge who handled the case. The complicity of the students, and whether or not they played a role in Cinque's death by not alerting authorities, was also a topic debated extensively throughout the text. Critical response Joe Cinque's Consolation was reviewed in a number of major newspapers and magazines. It was praised for Garner's writing and its positioning as Joe Cinque's story. Criticisms of the book centered on it failing to tell the story it set out to tell, particularly its inability to explain Singh or her actions and her failure to engage with the purpose of the adversarial justice system. Some saw this as a deliberate attempt by Garner – to honour Cinque, whose family had been not been given a voice or adequate justice by the court. In his review for the Australian Book Review, Peter Rose remarked that "books such as Joe Cinque’s Consolation often dignify the parents’ agony and indignation. In Maria Cinque we have one of the great stalwarts in this literature of loss. She is always there in court – listening, occasionally hissing and weeping, raging when she must. ‘They were keeping vigil,’ Garner says, marvelling at the Cinques’ stamina. Which is what Garner becomes conscious of doing." He further commented on the book being Garner's conscious testament to the injustice dealt to Joe Cinque and his family: "For what are these books but tributes to the dead, swipes at our forgetfulness, minor consolations for the living: the parents and siblings and friends who feel devastated and betrayed? One thinks of all the unattested lives, the little murders". Elisabeth Hanscombe, writing for Academia, wrote that Garner's writing, and her depiction of Anu Singh, addressed the notion that for a layperson it "may perhaps be difficult to understand that someone can be extremely intelligent, can function well academically, be beautiful and at the same time be seriously disturbed". One reviewer compared it with The First Stone (1995), noting that it was less about the underlying debates and more about the story. Another, Maryanne Dever (writing for the Australian Women's Book Review) criticised similarities in the themes of both books, particularly Garner's perceived hostility to the women subjects and

their physical appearance. The cover of the re-printed edition from 2006 contains a blurb extracted from a review in The Bulletin, which reads: "A book which functions at one level as a psychological mystery, but at deeper levels is an exploration of the adequacy of the law to dispense justice, and the responsibility that human beings have to each other...It is told with compassion, a singular kind of honesty, and unadorned intelligence". Media response Both Singh herself and Cinque's parents gave interviews shortly after the book's release. Singh recounted her own memories of the killing and her feelings about it after her release and expressed regret at not agreeing to an interview by Garner. She told interviewers that she wished to redress some of the book's imbalance towards her. Maria Cinque said that she would never forgive Singh for killing her son and did not believe her defence against the murder charge. Garner also stated that she still did not understand or empathise with Singh, although some aspects of her behaviour resonated. Awards and nominations Winner (tie), 2005 Ned Kelly Awards (The Crime Writers Association of Australia), Best True Crime Finalist and highly commended, 2005 Walkley Awards, Non-fiction book Shortlisted, 2005 NSW Premier's Literary Awards, Douglas Stewart Prize for non-fiction Shortlisted, 2005 Victorian Premier's Literary Award, The Nettie Palmer Prize for Non-fiction Shortlisted, 2006 Adelaide Festival Awards for Literature, non-fiction Film adaptations Twelve years after publication, the book was adapted into a 2016 film by writer/director Sotiris Dounoukos and Matt Rubinstein, and produced by Matt Reeder of Night Kitchen Productions. Principal photography ran for seven weeks in Canberra during April to June 2015. There was a principal cast of around 40 main and supporting characters, plus around 300 extras. References Category:2004 non-fiction books Category:Non-fiction crime books Category:Non-fiction novels Category:Australian non-fiction books Category:Books by Helen Garner Category:Ned Kelly Award-winning works Category:Books adapted into films

Konkō Station is a railway station in Asakuchi, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). Lines Konkō Station is served by the Sanyō Main Line. Adjacent stations See also List of railway stations in Japan Konkōkyō External links Category:Railway stations in Okayama Prefecture Category:Sanyō Main Line Category:Railway stations opened in 1901

Frederick Turnovsky Frederick Turnovsky (28 December 1916 – 12 December 1994) was a notable New Zealand manufacturer, entrepreneur, advocate for the arts and community leader. He was born in Prague, Bohemia in 1916. Early life Turnovsky was the second son of Max Turnovsky and Caroline Weiser. Max was a jeweller and of Jewish ethnicity. Turnovsky was bilingual in Czech and German and attended a German-speaking school. At school he also learnt English and French. His interest in music began when he was seven and attended his first opera. At 16, while a school a Realgymnasium pupil, Turnovsky joined the youth wing of the German-speaking section of the Social Democratic Party. He was elected to executive positions in the party and was prominent in the unsuccessful efforts to persuade leading France and Britain to intervene against Hitler. In March 1939 he fled to London after being advised that the Gestapo were after him. New Zealand On 27 June 1939 he married Liselotte Felicitas Wodaková at Hampstead and in December 1939 they left for Wellington, New Zealand. Arriving in January 1940 Turnovsky undertook casual employment. Founding the Tatra Leather Goods Company he manufactured and sold watch straps. The success of this venture led to a number of successful manufacturing ventures. Turnovsky was thought to be the first resident New Zealander to become a member of Lloyd’s, the British insurance underwriters. Tatra was one of the largest makers of soft leather goods in Australasia by the mid 1960s and in 1966 was a government Export Award in 1966. Turnovsky represented the New Zealand Manufacturers Federation at the National Development Conference (1968–69) and was its president(1972–73 and 1979–80). He was appointed to the Manufacturing Development Council, was a member of trade missions to Pacific states (1971) and China (1973). He led a delegation of manufacturers to Canberra (1973), and was honorary consul for Mexico (1973–81). Because of his Social-Democrat beliefs, as chairman of the Development Finance Corporation from 1973 to 1976, he gave weight to social objectives as well as sound business procedures in the corporation’s funding of new business ventures. Arts Turnovsky helped establish the Wellington Chamber Music Society and was its chair from 1950 to 1954. He was vice president of the Federation of Chamber Music Societies (1950–53) and president (1953–60). In 1953 he was a founding member of the New Zealand Opera Company, and was chairman of its board from 1959 to 1969. He was also a founding member of the Arts Advisory Council in 1960, becoming deputy chairman of its successor, the Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council of New Zealand, from 1970 to 1973. In 1962 Turnovsky was appointed to the cultural sub-commission of the New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO. He was a member of the national commission (1963–88) and its chairman (1974–78). He was a member of UNESCO’s executive board (1978–83). He was a trustee of the New Zealand International Festival of the Arts, and a member of the project development board of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. In 1984 he set up the Turnovsky Endowment Trust to recognise and encourage outstanding achievement in the arts. For services to the arts, Fred Turnovsky was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1965 New Year Honours, and was a foundation member of the Order of New Zealand in 1988. The young Czech patriot had become one of the most eminent New Zealanders of his generation. Honours In the New Year Honours 1965 Turnovsky was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services in the field of music.

On 6 February 1988, Turnovsky was the tenth appointee to the Order of New Zealand. Death Turnovsky died on 12 December 1994 in Wellington, survived by his wife, and their son and daughter. His ashes were buried at Karori Cemetery. References Category:1916 births Category:1994 deaths Category:New Zealand businesspeople Category:Czech emigrants to New Zealand Category:Members of the Order of New Zealand Category:New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire Category:Burials at Karori Cemetery

Anushka Asthana Anushka Asthana (born 1980) is a British journalist and former newsreader. Since 2018 she has presented The Guardian's daily podcast Today in Focus. She was previously that newspaper's joint political editor from 2016 to 2018. Early life Asthana was born in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, and raised in Stalybridge, Greater Manchester. Her parents, both doctors, moved to the United Kingdom from New Delhi, India in the 1970s. Asthana attended the private school Manchester High School for Girls and read economics at St John's College, Cambridge. Career Asthana joined The Observer as a general reporter in 2003 and spent several months at The Washington Post in 2006. Later she was a political correspondent for The Times before beginning to work for Sky News in 2013 as a political correspondent. In succession to Patrick Wintour, Asthana was appointed in December 2015 as the joint political editor of The Guardian, in a job share arrangement with Heather Stewart which began in early 2016. From 23 April 2017, Anushka covered the maternity leave of Allegra Stratton as the co-presenter of Peston on Sunday. References External links Anushka Asthana's Twitter account Asthana's Guardian profile page Sky News profile page Election 2015: the female journalists asking the hard questions, The Guardian Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:British people of Indian descent Category:The Guardian people Category:Sky newsreaders and journalists Category:21st-century British journalists Category:People educated at Manchester High School for Girls

Youth orchestra A youth orchestra is an orchestra made of young musicians, typically ranging from pre-teens or teenagers to those in their mid-20s. Because young children do not usually start playing double bass until a later age than those playing the smaller instruments, double bass players in youth orchestras tend to be in the early to mid-20s. The typical youth orchestra involves members from across an entire city, region or state. In some cases, there are national youth orchestras, which consist of the best young musicians in a country, as determined by auditions. More rarely, there may even be international youth orchestras. Youth orchestras are led by an adult conductor who is often a music teacher or orchestral musician. In addition to leading the rehearsals and performances, the conductor teaches orchestral playing techniques, performance practice and music ensemble skills to the children and youth. Instructional elements While a professional orchestra will receive the parts and have a few days of rehearsal, and then play several performances, in a youth orchestra, the ensemble rehearses the concert program for several months. This additional time gives the conductor lots of time to coach the orchestra and teach them how to learn the many skills required of a skilled large ensemble player, which include: Playing the notated melody lines, accompaniment parts and, for lower-pitched instruments, bass lines, with correct notes (avoiding transposition errors, incorrect accidentals (sharps and flats), wrong notes, and so on); Playing with correct intonation (tuning of pitch) and correct rhythms; Playing with good "ensemble", which means playing the rhythms together as a group, a task which is made challenging by the frequent use of accelerando (speeding up) and ritardando (slowing down) passages, and by the use of grand pauses (G.P.) in classical orchestral music. Learning to watch the conductor's baton, face, hands and arms during the performance, as this is how the conductor starts and stops pieces, indicates "cues" and tempo, and indicates the dynamics (loudness and softness) and phrasing; Learning to play parts with the standard phrasing expected in classical music melodies from different eras; Learning to prepare orchestral parts through individual practice at home, with the goal of learning all of the challenging "passagework", exposed passages and solos; Learning where to mark in fingerings and indications of tempo changes, fermatas, etc. in the part in pencil. One important skill for young players to learn is to write in how each movement is conducted (e.g., a movement in 6/8 may be conducted in "two", which is two beats per bar, or in "six", six beats per bar, or even in "three", three beats per bar); Learning to develop the physical endurance and attention span to play an entire concert program and remain focused; Learning how to simultaneously be aware of the conductor, the concertmaster (principal first violin, the leader of the musicians) and the section leader/principal player in her section; Developing the confidence to play in front of large audiences on stage, dealing with stage fright or "nerves" and acting in a professional manner while on stage; Learning to know how to determine whether one's part is a main part (e.g., principal theme or melody) or an accompaniment part, and adjust the volume and tone accordingly; Learning to play different articulations and note lengths to match those of the concertmaster and/or section leader, as instructed by the part, or by the conductor; Learning to play with choirs and accompany solo singers. This may involve learning to be directed by choir conductors and learning how to accompany solo singers, which requires orchestral members to colla parte, that is follow along the

vocals (and text) of the singer, paying close attention to changes in tempo and pauses, and play in most cases with a lower dynamic than she would use in a regular orchestra performance; Repertoire Like professional orchestras, youth orchestras play concert programs that focus on the standard orchestral repertoire, such as overtures, concertos (usually with a skilled youth orchestra member playing the solo, while their colleagues play the orchestral parts), and symphonies. Youth orchestras may also play pops concerts that will involve medlies of popular songs and film soundtracks. Youth orchestras often collaborate with youth choirs to perform oratorios, Masses, and other choral works with orchestral accompaniment. Notable ensembles Notable youth orchestras include: Asia Hong Kong Youth Symphony Orchestra Asian Youth Orchestra Hong Kong Post-Modern Youth Philharmonic Orchestra Australia Adelaide Youth Orchestra Queensland Youth Orchestras Sydney Youth Orchestra Victorian Youth Symphony Orchestra Europe European Union Youth Orchestra European Union Baroque Orchestra Galway Youth Orchestra Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra Internationale Junge Orchesterakademie Jeunesses Musicales World Orchestra Junges Klangforum Mitte Europa Kremerata Baltica Stockholm Youth Symphony Orchestra England CBSO Youth Orchestra City of Leeds Youth Orchestra City of Sheffield Youth Orchestra Colne Valley Training Orchestra Colne Valley Youth Orchestra Hertfordshire County Youth Orchestra Kent Youth Wind Orchestra Leicestershire Schools Symphony Orchestra London Schools Symphony Orchestra Nottingham Youth Orchestra Reading Youth Orchestra Somerset County Youth Orchestra South Tyneside Youth Orchestra Stockport Youth Orchestra Suffolk Youth Orchestra Tees Valley Youth Orchestra Wessex Youth Orchestra Scotland West of Scotland Schools Symphony Orchestra America American Heritage Lyceum Philharmonic Canada Toronto Symphony Youth Orchestra Montreal Youth Symphony Orchestra New Brunswick Youth Orchestra United States List of youth orchestras in the United States Venezuela Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar *

Hits 1 The Hits Album, or Hits 1 as it is often called, is a compilation album released by CBS (Now Sony BMG) and WEA in November 1984. The album was released as a rival to the already successful Now That's What I Call Music series which EMI and Virgin Records had launched in November 1983. The Hits Album reached No. 1 in the UK Top 100 Albums chart for seven weeks and remained in the chart for 36 weeks. This album kept Now 4 from the coveted No. 1 spot over Christmas 1984 – the only Now album in the original series not to reach No. 1 in either the UK Album Chart (to 1989) or the UK Compilations Chart (January 1989 onwards). It was released on double LP and cassette and launched the Hits Series. Hits 1 features three songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart: "Freedom", "I Feel for You" and "Careless Whisper". Track listing Record/Tape 1 Side 1 (1) Wham! – "Freedom" Howard Jones – "Like to Get to Know You Well" Alison Moyet – "All Cried Out" Paul Young – "I'm Gonna Tear Your Playhouse Down" Alphaville – "Big in Japan" Laura Branigan – "Self Control" Ray Parker Jr. – "Ghostbusters" Michael Jackson – "Thriller" Record/Tape 1 Side 2 (2) Chaka Khan – "I Feel for You" Billy Ocean – "Caribbean Queen" The Jacksons – "Body" The S.O.S. Band – "Just Be Good to Me" Deniece Williams – "Let's Hear It for the Boy" Miami Sound Machine – "Dr. Beat" Sister Sledge – "Lost in Music" Prince and The Revolution – "Purple Rain" Record/Tape 2 Side 1 (3) George Michael – "Careless Whisper" The Cars – "Drive" Chicago – "Hard Habit to Break" Cyndi Lauper – "All Through the Night" Thompson Twins – "Sister of Mercy" The Stranglers – "Skin Deep" Everything but the Girl – "Each and Every One" Sade – "Smooth Operator" Record/Tape 2 Side 2 (4) ZZ Top – "Gimme All Your Lovin'" Van Halen – "Jump" Kenny Loggins – "Footloose" Adam Ant – "Apollo 9" Meat Loaf – "Modern Girl" Rod Stewart – "Some Guys Have All the Luck" Shakin' Stevens – "Teardrops" Neil – "Hole in My Shoe" See also Hits (compilation series) Now That's What I Call Music References Collins Complete UK Hit Albums 1956-2005. Graham Betts. 2005. . Category:1984 compilation albums Category:CBS Records compilation albums Category:Warner Music Group compilation albums Category:Hits (compilation series) albums

Anglican Frontier Missions Anglican Frontier Missions is an American-based Christian mission organization that "To plant biblically-based, indigenous churches where the church is not, among the 2 billion people and 6,000+ unreached people groups still waiting to hear the Gospel for the very first time." History Anglican Frontier Missions (AFM) originated at a meeting of 23 leaders of the Episcopal Church on November 1, 1990 (All Saints' Day), coinciding with the first year of the "Decade of Evangelism" of the Anglican Communion. Their decision to form a missionary society came to fruition three years later. Founded by the Rev. E. A. de Bordenave in 1993, one thing notable about AFM is that it uses a non-denominational approach to missions, recruiting from any denomination or Christian faith tradition in order to reach the 29% of the world's population who have not heard the Christian message. This approach was new within Anglicanism. In 2007 Dr. Julian Linnell was appointed second executive director of AFM. English by birth, Dr. Linnell focused his efforts on mobilizing churches, mentoring individuals and sending missionaries to ethnic groups in a region stretching from North Africa, through the Middle East to Southeast Asia. Prior to AFM, he served as a cross-cultural missionary in Southeast Asia. The Rev. Christopher Royer was named third executive director of AFM in June 2014. Prior to his call to Anglican Frontier Missions, Rev. Royer developed a contagious passion for the unreached and a sensitivity to cross-cultural evangelism while serving and planting churches among Muslims in the Middle East. Identity Anglican Frontier Missions is committed to going where the need is greatest, to planting indigenous churches among the largest and least evangelized peoples in the world. AFM mobilizes churches and sends short-term and long-term missionaries to do pioneer, frontier missions, where the church is not. Anglican Frontier Missions serves as a bridge-builder enabling Christians to fulfill their call to witness to the unreached at the ends of the earth. As a bridge-builder, AFM connects the church, the steward of the gospel, with the unreached who have not yet been able to hear it. Thus, bridges are built both for those at home and for those at the ends of the earth. Imperative Anglican Frontier Missions exists because the church does not yet exist in every ethno-linguistic nation of the world. Some geo-political nations, like Nigeria, which is made up of 537 ethno-linguistic nations, waited 1800 years for the life-changing message of Jesus Christ. Some 6,000 more ethno-linguistic nations are still waiting. Even though 67 generations have come and gone since Jesus' resurrection, still over 2.0 billion people are unreached with the Gospel. This unseen quarter of the world has no geographic and/or cultural access (or infinitesimally limited access) to churches and Christians. In spite of the great advances made by missionaries over the years, 1/4 of the world’s entire population still has not encountered a Christian, let alone the Gospel itself. These people will likely never have a chance to hear the Gospel before they die, unless intentional efforts are made to reach them. Yet only 3% of the Church’s missionaries and 0.1% of its resources are going to evangelize these unreached people groups. The two countries that send the most missionaries—the US and Brazil—are also the two countries that receive the most missionaries. The plight of the Gentile nations during St. Paul’s time remains the plight of unreached nations today. They can’t put their faith in Jesus if they’ve never been told about him, and they can’t be told about him unless Christians go to them with the good news. But less than 1%

of the Church’s mission resources are being used to reach them. The 10 countries in the world containing 73% of the world’s unreached peoples receive only 9% of all international missionaries. Meanwhile, 40% of mission resources go to 10 other countries which are oversaturated with gospel presence. Why the large disparity between the need and our response? The answer to this question is another question: “How can we send unless someone tells us about the unreached in the first place?” 70% of bible-believing Christians—people who know and take the Great Commission seriously—have never been told that over one-fourth of the world’s population has yet to come into contact with Christians who can tell them the good news of Jesus Christ. Methods Anglican Frontier Missions partners with members of the Anglican Communion from around the world to serve as a catalyst to provinces, dioceses, churches, and individuals so that the Gospel extends to all. There are approximately 104 million Anglicans in the world. Anglican Frontier Missions also works with other organizations, denominations, and Christian groups who share its biblical values and strategic vision to see the Good News rooted in hearts and minds of peoples who have limited, or no, access to the Gospel. Anglican Frontier Missions sends missionaries to the largest and least-evangelized people groups in the world. Anglican Frontier Missions accepts missionaries from any Bible-believing denominational background. Opportunities Anglican Frontier Missions seeks to mobilize churches and individuals to work in areas of the world where the need is greatest, such as East Asia, the Middle East, Asia and North Africa. Short-term Discovery Trips are one way to get involved. These trips aim not only to get Christians connected with mission work, but also serve as a means for Christian discipleship. Individuals who register for a short-term Discovery Trip will take part in a Missions Mentoring program both before and after the trip. Opportunities to serve in missions abound, but long term service (3+ years) to these corners of the world is not for everyone. This unique call requires a hardy personality, a physically fit person, and someone who not only survives but thrives in potentially difficult, isolated, and oppressive environments. Anglican Frontier Missions also offers training to develop Strategy Coordinators for unreached people groups. References External links Official website Category:Christian organizations established in 1993 Category:Christian missionary societies Category:Anglican missions Category:Anglican organizations established in the 20th century

Edward Martell Edward Ambrose Martell (February 23, 1918 – July 12, 1995) was an American radiochemist for the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. He fought fervently throughout his life against the medical establishment and the National Institute of Health for what he perceived to be insufficient research into radiation-induced lung cancer, particularly in regard to cigarette smoking. Education Martell was born in Spencer, Massachusetts. He attended the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant after graduating in 1942 and served in the Okinawa campaign of World War II, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He received a Ph.D. in radiochemistry from the University of Chicago in 1950. Research After receiving his Ph.D., he became a group leader at the Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago and also took up a position at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory in Bedford, Massachusetts. He managed radiation-effects projects studying a series of nuclear weapons tests in Nevada and the 1954 hydrogen bomb tests at the Bikini Atoll in the South Pacific. In 1962, after witnessing the devastating effects of nuclear weapons, Martell decided to pursue a different direction in his life and took up a position as a radiochemist in the Atmospheric Chemistry Division at NCAR in Boulder, Colorado. In 1980 he published a paper in Newscript in which he argued that radium progeny, particularly polonium-210, are responsible for the cancer-causing effects of cigarettes. He followed this up in 1983 with a subsequent research paper in which he calculated that smokers who die of lung cancer have been exposed to 80-100 rads of radiation. In 1993 he published a paper in which he theorized that ionizing radiation in artesian groundwater was the energy source which fueled the evolution of DNA and the first living cells, after exchanging ideas with the University of Colorado's Nobel prize-winning chemist Tom Cech. At the time of his death, he was working on a book called "Natural Radionuclides and Life". Positions and efforts During his time at NCAR he served as president of the International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Radioactivity within the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences. He was also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of numerous other scientific societies. He served as an expert witness during hearings before the U.S. Congress and United Nations on radioactive fallout. He also spearheaded the cleanup of plutonium contamination in the soil surrounding the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons manufacturing facility located outside of Boulder, after measuring levels of radioactivity surrounding the site. He also supported the Southern Poverty Law Center which represented the victims of government-sponsored radiation testing on low-income black citizens. References External links NCAR Mourns the Death of Ed Martell, Its Only Radiochemist Category:1918 births Category:1995 deaths Category:People from Spencer, Massachusetts Category:American chemists Category:Nuclear chemists Category:Radiation health effects researchers Category:American whistleblowers

Caldonia "Caldonia" is a jump blues song, first recorded in 1945 by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five. A version by Erskine Hawkins, also in 1945, was described by Billboard magazine as "rock and roll", the first time that phrase was used in print to describe any style of music. Louis Jordan recording In 1942, Jordan had started on an unparalleled run of success on the Billboard Harlem Hit Parade (forerunner of the R&B chart), which by 1945 had included four number-one hits, and eventually made Jordan by far the most successful R&B chart act of the 1940s. "Caldonia" became his fifth number one on "Race Records" chart. It debuted on the chart in May 1945 and reached number one in June, where it stayed for seven weeks. On the pop chart, the song peaked at number six with the title "Caldonia Boogie". The writing of the song is credited to Jordan's wife of the time, Fleecie Moore. However, it was written by Jordan, who used his wife's name to enable him to work with an additional music publisher. Jordan later commented, "Fleecie Moore's name is on it, but she didn't have anything to do with it. That was my wife at the time, and we put it in her name. She didn't know nothin' about no music at all. Her name is on this song and that song, and she's still getting money." However, by the time of that quote, Jordan and Moore had divorced after a number of arguments in which she had stabbed him with a knife. The lyrics include Jordan's trademark use of comedy: The verses conclude with the refrain: Jordan re-recorded the song in 1956, arranged by Quincy Jones with Mickey Baker on guitar. Jordan also filmed a "soundie" performance of the song for the musical short Caldonia, which was shown in movie theaters. Renditions by other artists At the same time as Jordan's success, the song was also recorded both by Erskine Hawkins and Woody Herman. The issue of Billboard magazine for April 21, 1945, described Hawkins' version as "right rhythmic rock and roll music", possibly the first use of the term to describe a musical style, and pre-dating by 14 months a more often cited use of the words in a June 1946 description of "Sugar Lump" by Joe Liggins. Hawkins' version of "Caldonia", featuring piano and vocals by Ace Harris, reached number two on the Billboard R&B chart and number 12 on the pop chart. Herman's version, arranged by the young Neal Hefti, reached number two on the pop chart.Also included on Muddy Waters Woodstock album featuring Paul Butterfield and members of The Band. As one of Jordan's best-known songs, "Caldonia" has also been recorded by a variety of artists. James Brown recorded it in 1964 as his first release for Smash Records. Featuring an arrangement by Sammy Lowe, it reached number 95 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. References Category:1945 songs Category:1945 singles Category:1964 singles Category:1974 singles Category:Louis Jordan songs Category:James Brown songs Category:Van Morrison songs Category:Little Willie Littlefield songs Category:Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles Category:Blues songs Category:Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients Category:United States National Recording Registry recordings Category:Decca Records singles

Seal (mechanical) A mechanical seal is a device that helps join systems or mechanisms together by preventing leakage (e.g. in a pumping system), containing pressure, or excluding contamination. The effectiveness of a seal is dependent on adhesion in the case of sealants and compression in the case of gaskets. A stationary seal may also be referred to as 'packing'. Seal types: Induction sealing or cap sealing Adhesive, sealant Bodok seal, a specialized gas sealing washer for medical applications Bonded seal, also known as Dowty seal or Dowty washer. A type of washer with integral gasket, widely used to provide a seal at the entry point of a screw or bolt Bridgman seal, a piston sealing mechanism that creates a high pressure reservoir from a lower pressure source Bung Compression seal fitting Diaphragm seal Ferrofluidic seal Gasket or Mechanical packing Flange gasket O-ring O-ring boss seal Piston ring Glass-to-metal seal Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals Heat seal Hose coupling, various types of hose couplings Hermetic seal Hydrostatic seal Hydrodynamic seal Inflatable seal Seals that inflate and deflate in three basic directions of operation: the axial direction, the radial-in direction, and the radial-out direction. Each of these inflation directions has their own set of performance parameters for measurements such as the height of inflation and the center-line bend radius that the seal can negotiate. Inflatable seals can be used for numerous applications with difficult sealing issues. Labyrinth seal A seal which creates a tortuous path for the liquid to flow through Lid (container) Rotating face mechanical seal Face seal Plug Radial shaft seal Trap (plumbing) (siphon trap) Stuffing box (mechanical packing) Wiper seal Dry gas seal See also Leakage (chemistry) References

Shuraba , also known by its English title "The Rat's-Nest" is the third single by Japanese rock band Tokyo Jihen, led by musician Ringo Sheena, released on November 2, 2005. It was the band's first release with their new members Ukigumo and Ichiyo Izawa, who replaced Mikio Hirama and Masayuki Hiizumi. The song was used as the theme song for the historical drama Ōoku: Hana no Ran. Background and development Tokyo Jihen was first formed in 2003, after Ringo Sheena decided on members for her backing band for her Sugoroku Ecstasy tour. The band was officially announced as Sheena's main musical unit on May 31, 2004, and first performed at a series of summer music festivals in July and September. The group released two singles in September and October 2004, "Gunjō Biyori" and "Sōnan", both of which were certified gold by the RIAJ. This was followed by their debut album Kyōiku in November 2004, and a Japan-wide tour entitled Dynamite, a 14 date tour stopping in Matsuyama, Ehime, Hiroshima, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Kyoto, Sapporo, Sendai, Osaka, Fukuoka, Nagoya and Tokyo. After the Dynamite tour, two of the original members of the band made decisions to leave. Hiizumi left to focus on his activities with jazz ensemble Pe'z, while Hirama left to focus on his activities as a solo musician. Sheena sought new members to replace Hiizumi and Hirama. She had known pianist Ichiyo Izawa since attending a solo concert of his in early 2004, though the pair had not talked together often since meeting. She wanted Izawa to join the band for both his piano and songwriting abilities. Sheena contacted Izawa on February 17, 2005, a day after the final date of the Dynamite tour, however Izawa finally agreed in late April. Sheena met Ukigumo through her brother Junpei Shiina, and the pair first collaborated in 2002 as a part of Yokoshima, a band formed to cover the Toto song "Georgy Porgy". Ukigumo collaborated with Sheena during the sessions for her album Kalk Samen Kuri no Hana (2003) and Tokyo Jihen's debut album Kyōiku (2004), in which he played the guitars for Sheena's original demos. Sheena liked Ukigumo's guitar playing so much that she left it in for the studio versions of "Meisai" and "Ishiki", and collaborated on the bonus track "Ichijiku no Hana", which was written by him. Ukigumo did not want to join the band at first, however the band found that Ukigumo was the best fitting of all the potential guitarists. He agreed two to three days before Adults recording sessions began in July 2005. Hiizumi and Hirama's leaving was officially announced on July 1, 2005. Two months later, the "Shuraba" single was announced, and on September 16, 2005, the two new band members, Ichiyo Izawa and Ukigumo were announced officially. Writing and production The single is composed of two original songs written by Sheena, plus a cover of American singer Ned Doheny's song "Get It Up for Love" from his 1976 album Hard Candy. The single was mostly arranged by Izawa, created from scratch after listening to Sheena's demos of the songs. Working with Izawa and Ukigumo was the first time in Sheena's career where she clashed on opinions for what was best musically for the songs. Izawa felt that "Shuraba" needed a classical guitar, however Sheena did not want instruments with a lot of reverberation, preferred Ukigumo's original guitar accompaniment from the demo. They compromised by Sheena purchasing a classical guitar especially for the single, and asked Ukigumo to perform with it. "Shuraba" was the last song recorded during the sessions for Adult. Sheena had wanted

to use the single since creating the demo. She wrote the lyrics after watching previous seasons of Ōoku, and was inspired by its depiction of women. For the B-side "Koi wa Maboroshi (Get It Up for Love)", Sheena asked Ukigumo to perform the guitar in the style of Southern All Stars' 1983 song "Sonna Hiroshi ni Damasare". The remaining B-side, "Rakujtsu", dealt with more personal themes than "Shuraba". It was meant to be the final song on Adult, however Sheena felt that Izawa's composition "Tegami" suited it much better, after getting used to his style. The original demo was guitar-backed, however the band felt that Izawa's piano accompaniment suited the song better. A different version of the song appears on the album, entitled "Shuraba (Adult Ver.)", featuring a different arrangement. Promotion and release As the theme song of Ōoku: Hana no Ran, "Shuraba" was played during the drama's credits, as well as during promotional commercials for the drama. Tokyo Jihen performed the song at Music Station twice. First on November 4, 2005, and the second time on December 23, 2005 for their Christmas special broadcast. The band also performed the song on Count Down TV on November 12, and made extensive appearances on radio shows between October 26 and November 14. The song was performed during the band's Domestic! Virgin Line (2006), Domestic! Just Can't Help It. (2006), Spa & Treatment (2007), Ultra C (2010) and Bon Voyage (2012) tours. It was also performed at the Dai Ikkai Ringohan Taikai events in December 2005, however not released on the DVD. The B-sides were both performed during the 2005 Ringo-han events, with "Rakujitsu" being the only Tokyo Jihen performance featured on the DVD. Both songs were performed during Domestic! Virgin Line, with "Rakujitsu" also performed at Domestic! Just Can't Help It.. Music video A music video was first unveiled on October 12, 2005, and was directed by Shuichi Banba. The video features the band performing the song in an entirely white set, with all the band members wearing exclusively white clothing. During the video, red droplets begin to stain the white set. The final scene features a high-heeled shoe filling up with red. The video was nominated for the Best Group Video award at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards Japan, however lost to reggae group Def Tech's "Konomama". In March 2006, a video was released for the song's B-side "Koi wa Maboroshi (Get It Up for Love)", much like how videos were created for past singles' B-sides. This was an edited version of the song entitled "Koi wa Maboroshi for Musician". Critical reception Listenmusic reviewer Yoshiki Aoyuki called the song a masterpiece, praising the "varied rhythm changing into a fat hip-hop beat" caused by the mix of processed and live drums, Kameda's bass-work, and the "stylish keyboards and classical guitar". He felt the new members acted like a "chemical reaction" on the band's music. CDJournal reviewers called it "a funky pop song that fully realises [Sheena's] unwavering nature as a melody maker". They felt the version that appeared on Adult was more refined than the "hard" rock flavour of the single version. They praised the "solid rhythm and eccentric guitar". Track listing Personnel Personnel details were sourced from "Shuraba"'s liner notes booklet. Visuals and imagery Central67 – advertisements, design Daisuke Iga – styling Shinji Konishi – hair, make-up Ryoji Otani – hair, make-up Shoji Uchida – photography Tokyo Jihen Toshiki Hata – drums Ichiyo Izawa – keyboards Seiji Kameda – bass Ringo Sheena – vocals Ukigumo – guitar Technical, production and other performers Tomonobu Akiba – assistant engineer Kunihiro Imazeki

– assistant engineer Uni Inoue – recording, mixing, programming Yuji Kamijo – assistant engineer Yasuji Maeda – mastering Jiro Nakajima – assistant engineer Tabu Zombie (Soil & "Pimp" Sessions) – trumpet (#3) Chart rankings Sales and certifications Release history References Category:2005 songs Category:2005 singles Category:Japanese-language songs Category:Japanese television drama theme songs Category:Songs written by Ringo Sheena Category:Tokyo Jihen songs

Giovanni Battista Calandra Giovanni Battista Calandra (1586 - c. 1644) was an Italian mosaic artist in the Vatican. He was born at Vercelli in 1586. In the pontificate of Urban VIII, it was found that the dampness of St. Peter's materially affected canvases, and henceforth it was determined to remove the principal pictures, and to replace them with copies in mosaic, of which the first was executed by Calandra, after the St. Michael of Cesare D'Arpino. With this were The Four Doctors of the Church, St. Peter, St. Paul, and others in the cupolas, after the cartoons of D'Arpino, Romanelli, Lanfranco, Sacchi, and Pellegrini. The mosaic art was afterwards carried to a much higher degree of perfection by the Cristofori. He also executed a Madonna after Raphael for the Christina, Queen of Sweden. References Category:1568 births Category:1640s deaths Category:16th-century Italian painters Category:Italian male painters Category:17th-century Italian painters

Kōjiro Station Kōjiro Station may refer to: Kōjiro Station (Yamaguchi) in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, Japan Kōjiro Station (Nagasaki) in Unzen, Nagasaki, Japan

Emmanuel Korir Emmanuel Korir (born June 15, 1995) is a middle-distance runner from Kenya. In 2017, he set the indoor world record for 600 meters. As of 22 July 2018 he is ranked as the sixth fastest athlete over 800 m of all time, with a personal best of 1:42.05. In 2017, he left the UTEP Miners for a professional running contract with Nike, Inc.. While at UTEP, he was coached by gold medalist Paul Ereng. Major international competitions Domestic competitions References Category:Living people Category:1995 births Category:Kenyan male middle-distance runners Category:UTEP Miners men's track and field athletes Category:World record setters in athletics (track and field)

Col de Chermotane The Col de Chermotane (also known as Col de Charmotane) is an Alpine pass located in the Swiss canton of Valais. With an elevation of 3,037 metres above sea level, the Col de Chermotane is the lowest pass between the valleys of Bagnes and Hérens. The pass lies a few kilometres north of the main chain of the Alps and is covered by the Otemma Glacier. It connects Chanrion to Arolla, both in the upper part of their valley. The pass is located between the Pigne d'Arolla (north) and the Petit Mont Collon (south). References External links Col de Chermotane on Hikr Category:Mountain passes of Switzerland Category:Mountain passes of the Alps

Cardin Cardin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Arthur Cardin (1879-1946), Canadian politician Ben Cardin (born 1943), senior Senator from Maryland Charlotte Cardin, Canadian pop singer Jon S. Cardin (born 1970), American politician, nephew of Ben Cardin Louis-Pierre-Paul Cardin (1840-1917), Canadian politician Lucien Cardin (1919-1988), Canadian lawyer, judge and politician Meyer Cardin (1907-2005), American judge, father of Ben Cardin Pierre Cardin (born 1922), noted French fashion designer Serge Cardin (born 1950), Canadian former Member of Parliament See also Cardin Do Nguyen (born 1972), American singer and composer Cardin, Oklahoma, a ghost town Colisée Cardin, an indoor arena in Quebec, Canada

Faith (Stevie Wonder song) Faith is a song by American singer and songwriter Stevie Wonder, featuring Ariana Grande. It serves as the lead single from the soundtrack of the 2016 musical-animated film Sing. The song was written by Ryan Tedder, Benny Blanco and Francis Farewell Starlite. The single was released on November 4, 2016. Background The song was announced to be the first single from Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, with American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder contributing lead vocals and featuring American singer Ariana Grande. Reception The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 74th Golden Globe Awards. Music video The music video was released in December 2016. Charts Certifications Release history References External links Category:2016 songs Category:2016 singles Category:Stevie Wonder songs Category:Ariana Grande songs Category:Songs written for films Category:Songs written for animated films Category:Songs written by Ariana Grande Category:Songs written by Ryan Tedder Category:Songs written by Stevie Wonder Category:Songs written by Benny Blanco Category:Song recordings produced by Benny Blanco Category:Song recordings produced by Ryan Tedder Category:Universal Records singles Category:Republic Records singles Category:Number-one singles in Israel

Juan López Hita Juan López Hita (5 September 1944 – 11 June 2014) was a Spanish professional footballer who played most of his career in Sevilla FC. He also appeared in three matches of the national team. References Category:1944 births Category:2014 deaths Category:People from Algeciras Category:Spanish footballers Category:La Liga players Category:Segunda División players Category:Algeciras CF footballers Category:Sevilla FC players Category:Association football defenders

Beth Willis (producer) Beth Willis (Born 1978) is a British television producer, although she has worked as a script editor on Agatha Christie's Poirot and The Amazing Mrs Pritchard. She was the producer of the BBC drama series Ashes to Ashes, and was an executive producer (alongside Steven Moffat and Piers Wenger) of the fifth and sixth series of Doctor Who (broadcast in 2010 and 2011). Willis is the granddaughter of the late Ted Willis, Baron Willis. She was educated in Blackheath, at Blackheath High School and then in Dulwich, South London at the James Allen's Girls' School. References External links Category:British television producers Category:Living people Category:People educated at James Allen's Girls' School Category:1978 births

2013 Toyota Owners 400 The 2013 Toyota Owners 400 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race that was held on April 27, 2013, at Richmond International Raceway in Richmond, Virginia, United States. Contested over 406 laps-- extended from 400 laps due to a Green-white-checker finish on the 0.75-mile (1.20 km) D-shaped oval, it was the ninth race of the 2013 Sprint Cup Series championship. Kevin Harvick of Richard Childress Racing won the race, his first win of the 2013 season, while Clint Bowyer finished second. Joey Logano, Juan Pablo Montoya, and Jeff Burton rounded out the top five. Report Background Richmond International Raceway is a four-turn D-shaped oval track that is long. The track's turns are banked at fourteen degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is eight degrees. The back stretch, opposite of the front, is at only two degrees. The racetrack has a seating capacity for 94,063 spectators. Kyle Busch was the defending race winner after winning the event four consecutive times, most recently in 2012. Before the race, Jimmie Johnson was leading the Drivers' Championship with 311 points, while Kasey Kahne stood in second with 274 points. Brad Keselowski followed in the third position, nine points ahead of Greg Biffle and ten ahead of Dale Earnhardt, Jr. in fourth and fifth. Carl Edwards, with 262, was in sixth, five points ahead of Kyle Busch, Clint Bowyer was seven points ahead of Paul Menard and twenty ahead of Jamie McMurray in ninth and tenth, and 23 ahead of Kevin Harvick in eleventh. Aric Almirola completed the first twelve positions with 222 points. Practice and qualifying Two practice sessions were held in preparation for the race; both on Friday, April 26, 2013. The first session lasted for 120 minutes, while second session was 60 minutes long. During the first practice session, Mark Martin, for the Michael Waltrip Racing team, was quickest ahead of Keselowski in second and Kyle Busch in third. Matt Kenseth was scored fourth, and Brian Vickers managed fifth. Harvick, Edwards, Kurt Busch, Bowyer, and Juan Pablo Montoya rounded out the top ten quickest drivers in the session. Jeff Gordon was quickest in the second and final practice session, ahead of Montoya in second and Vickers in third. Menard was fourth quickest, and McMurray took fifth. A. J. Allmendinger, Martin Truex, Jr., Jeff Burton, Earnhardt, Jr., and Edwards followed in the top ten. During qualifying, forty-three cars were entered. Kenseth clinched his second pole position of the season, with a time of 20.716 seconds. After his qualifying run, Kenseth commented, “It feels great. It’s a great race track. I felt like we were off a little in practice today, and (crew chief) Jason Ratcliff and that whole group there did the things they do for me every week and just made great adjustments. I thought we hit it pretty good there in that lap, had great speed. Thanks to Dollar General, Husky, Home Depot (Kenseth’s sponsors) for sticking with us through all this stuff this week. We’ll get through this ... glad to be on the pole, and looking forward to tomorrow night.” He was joined on the front row of the grid by Vickers. Gordon qualified third, Kahne took fourth, and Bowyer started fifth. Montoya, Joey Logano, Kyle Busch, Truex, Jr., and Mark Martin completed the first ten positions on the grid. Results Qualifying Race results Standings after the race Drivers' Championship standings Manufacturers' Championship standings Note: Only the first twelve positions are included for the driver standings. References Toyota Owners 400 Toyota Owners 400 Toyota Owners 400 Category:NASCAR races

at Richmond Raceway