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QRQA-10209-5-flip
Ollie moved a tomato plant to an area that receives more sunlight. The tomato plant will now produce _____ food.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food.
QRSent-10209
{ "effect_prop": "food plants produce", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "produce food", "less_effect_prop": "produce food", "less_cause_dir": "produce food" }
QRQA-10096-1-flip
Compared to a person who chooses to start right away to undergo cancer treatments after being diagnosed, would a person with the same cancer who undergoes treatment a long time after learning of their diagnosis be
{ "text": [ "less likely to be cured?", "more likely to be cured" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The sooner cancer is treated, the greater the chances of a cure.
QRSent-10096
{ "effect_prop": "chance of the cancer being cured.", "cause_dir_str": "sooner", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amount of time it takes to treat cancer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "cancer treatment", "more_effect_prop": "be cured", "less_effect_prop": "be cured", "less_cause_dir": "be cured" }
QRQA-10022-1
As Earth's climate becomes warmer it will develop _____ varieties of vegetation?
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.
QRSent-10022
{ "effect_prop": "types of vegetation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmer climate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "varieties of vegetation", "less_effect_prop": "varieties of vegetation", "less_cause_dir": "varieties of vegetation" }
QRQA-10053-3
John has a diamond that is the same size as a beach ball. Which is likely denser?
{ "text": [ "diamond", "ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A given volume of a denser substance is heavier than the same volume of a less dense substance.
QRSent-10053
{ "effect_prop": "heavier than the same volume of a less dense substanc", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "volume of a denser substance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10134-1
Would a microphone designed to listen for avalanches detect the sound of falling snow sooner on a
{ "text": [ "warm day", "colder day?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium such as air, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10134
{ "effect_prop": "speed of sound", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "lower temperatures in a medium" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "sooner", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "day", "more_effect_prop": "detect the sound of falling snow", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10289-5
Jan had a very low heart rate, but was perfectly healthy, indicating that her heart expels blood in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "heart beats", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "very low", "less_cause_prop": "blood", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_cause_dir": "heart rate" }
QRQA-10320-1-flip
If pressure has exerted less force on a rock and decreased it's metamorphism, would it be
{ "text": [ "easier to determine what the original rock was", "harder to determine what the original rock was?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more extreme the amount of metamorphism, the more difficult it is to tell what the original rock was.
QRSent-10320
{ "effect_prop": "difficulty in determining what the original rock was", "cause_dir_str": "more extreme", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the amount of metamorphism" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "easier", "less_effect_dir": "harder", "less_cause_prop": "metamorphism", "more_effect_prop": "determine what the original rock was", "less_effect_prop": "determine what the original rock was", "less_cause_dir": "determine what the original rock was" }
QRQA-10131-3-flip
If the citizens of Europe began using oil, they should have _____ pollution.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Greater use of oil and other fossil fuels causes more pollution.
QRSent-10131
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "use of oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "lees", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10353-1
What will happen to Jim's muscle strength if he exercises more then he has in the past?
{ "text": [ "his muscles will become stronger", "his muscles will become weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Aerobic exercise increases the size and strength of muscles in the heart and helps all your muscles develop greater endurance.
QRSent-10353
{ "effect_prop": "muscle strength", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10105-5
Karly is studying two rivers and how they are affecting the rock around them. If the 2nd river she looks at is twice as big as the first river she is studying, then Karly would expect to see _____ erosion caused by the 2nd river.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause.
QRSent-10105
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10151-5
If we have a bag of feathers and a bag of bricks of the same volume, the heavier item will be the
{ "text": [ "feathers", "bricks" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "mass", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bricks", "less_effect_dir": "feathers", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10201-4
When we launch a rocket into space the attraction level the rocket has to the Earth
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the distance between the objects increases, the force of gravitational attraction decreases.
QRSent-10201
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "level", "less_effect_prop": "level", "less_cause_dir": "level" }
QRQA-10018-3-flip
When we spend less and less time lifting a lot of weights we become
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Anaerobic exercises cause muscles to get bigger and stronger.
QRSent-10018
{ "effect_prop": "strength", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "lifting a lot of weights", "more_effect_prop": "we", "less_effect_prop": "we", "less_cause_dir": "we" }
QRQA-10252-3
Tommy was assigned to work with alkene compounds for his science project. When he took them out he noticed that they were in liquid form before he even worked with them. This means that the alkenes were
{ "text": [ "small alkenes", "large alkenes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points, so they are liquids or waxy solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10252
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "large", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "alkenes", "less_effect_prop": "alkenes", "less_cause_dir": "alkenes" }
QRQA-10403-5
John looked at the graphs and noticed something. As the population of people grew larger, the rate of global warming was
{ "text": [ "Less", "Greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For example, more people on the Earth means more people contributing to global warming and pollution.
QRSent-10403
{ "effect_prop": "warming", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "contributing to", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of global warming", "less_effect_prop": "rate of global warming", "less_cause_dir": "rate of global warming" }
QRQA-10272-1-flip
If the temperature in the environment decreases, what will happen to the rate of cellular respiration?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "cellular respiration", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "temperature in the environmen", "more_effect_prop": "cellular respiration", "less_effect_prop": "cellular respiration", "less_cause_dir": "cellular respiration" }
QRQA-10253-5-flip
Fred was moving a desk across the room. He then pushed a chair and it was much easier. This is because the lighter chair had _____ friction with the floor.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor.
QRSent-10253
{ "effect_prop": "harder to overcome friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heavier objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "chair", "more_effect_prop": "friction with the floor", "less_effect_prop": "friction with the floor", "less_cause_dir": "friction with the floor" }
QRQA-10374-5-flip
Jeff takes a breath and lets it out. When do his lungs experience the least air pressure?
{ "text": [ "after inhaling", "after exhaling" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Exhaling, or breathing out, decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10374
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure in lungs", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size of chest cavity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10362-4-flip
Sandra is in a dark building and then suddenly goes exits onto a sunny street. Sarah's pupils will do this in response to the new bright light
{ "text": [ "shrink", "grow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10362
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pupil size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bright", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "pupils", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10384-5
If Mona's country normally emits a lot of greenhouse gas, but one day decides to lower the amount they emit, what will happen to the global temperature?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A decrease in greenhouse gas levels decreases global temperature and an increase raises global temperature.
QRSent-10384
{ "effect_prop": "global temperature", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gas" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gas", "more_effect_prop": "global temperature", "less_effect_prop": "global temperature", "less_cause_dir": "global temperature" }
QRQA-10245-2
Alan has a rubber band on his hands. He pulls his hands apart and the rubber bands force
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther apart you move your hands, the stronger the force of the rubber band pulling your hands together.
QRSent-10245
{ "effect_prop": "force of rubber band pulling your hands together", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "further apart your hands" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rubber bands force", "less_effect_prop": "rubber bands force", "less_cause_dir": "rubber bands force" }
QRQA-10194-4
If we tested a substance and the number was high on a pH test then the item is
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance.
QRSent-10194
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH values" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more basic", "less_effect_dir": "more acidic", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "substance", "less_effect_prop": "substance", "less_cause_dir": "substance" }
QRQA-10165-3-flip
If you spend less time out in the sun then getting skin cancer is
{ "text": [ "less likely", "more likely" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More UV rays increase skin cancer rates.
QRSent-10165
{ "effect_prop": "skin cancer", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "UV rays" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "time in the sun", "more_effect_prop": "skin cancer", "less_effect_prop": "skin cancer", "less_cause_dir": "skin cancer" }
QRQA-10171-1
Quint adds more resistors in a circuit to increase the resistance. The total current in the series circuit
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "total current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10177-1
Compared to a hydrocarbon with a single carbon atom, would a hydrocarbon with 10 carbon atoms have
{ "text": [ "a greater number of isomers", "fewer isomers?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "number of isomers in the hydrocarbon", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater number", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atom", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10333-3-flip
If Mona is measuring the size of a glacier at the North Pole and she notices that it has been getting larger over the years, what can she conclude about the Earth's temperature?
{ "text": [ "decreasing", "increasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The glaciers on Earth are getting smaller and smaller as Earths temperature rises.
QRSent-10333
{ "effect_prop": "glaciers on Earth", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Earths temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Earth's temperature", "more_effect_prop": "size of a glacier", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10175-5-flip
Jeff cooled the pot of boiling water. What happens to the dissolved oxygen contained within the water?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warm water cant hold as much dissolved oxygen as cool water, so an increase in the temperature of water decreases the amount of oxygen it contains.
QRSent-10175
{ "effect_prop": "hold as much dissolved oxygen", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "warm water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the pot of water", "more_effect_prop": "dissolved oxygen contained within the water", "less_effect_prop": "dissolved oxygen contained within the water", "less_cause_dir": "dissolved oxygen contained within the water" }
QRQA-10046-3
Milo is trying to heat his room with a space heater. If he turns up the thermostat to a hotter setting, which is happening to the energy the heater is producing?
{ "text": [ "increasing", "decreasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger stars produce more energy, so their surfaces are hotter.
QRSent-10046
{ "effect_prop": "hotter", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Heat energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10378-3-flip
What happens to water when it absorbs less salt?
{ "text": [ "lower density", "Higher Density" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water becomes more dense when it is colder and when it has more salt.
QRSent-10378
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "more salt", "effect_dir_str": "more dense", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "salt" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "absorbs", "more_effect_prop": "density", "less_effect_prop": "density", "less_cause_dir": "density" }
QRQA-10016-1
If Mona is building a new circuit and she adds more serial resistors to it, what happens to the total current in that circuit?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We also saw that adding resistors to a series circuit increases the total resistance of the circuit, causing the current to decrease.
QRSent-10016
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "adding", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "adding resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10307-3
More oxygen absorption means _____ oxygen in the blood.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen available for diffusion at the lungs, so less oxygen gets absorbed and blood is oxygenated to a lesser degree.
QRSent-10307
{ "effect_prop": "blood oxygenation", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "lesser", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oxygen absorption" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "oxygen in the blood", "less_effect_prop": "oxygen in the blood", "less_cause_dir": "oxygen in the blood" }
QRQA-10269-3
The blood vessels near the top of the skin do what when it's warm?
{ "text": [ "enlarge", "contract" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "diameter", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "enlarge", "less_effect_dir": "contract", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_cause_dir": "blood vessels" }
QRQA-10073-4
As we start running our hearts pump faster which means blood flow
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warming up exercises increases the blood flow to the muscles and increases the heart rate.
QRSent-10073
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warming up" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood flow", "less_effect_prop": "blood flow", "less_cause_dir": "blood flow" }
QRQA-10315-5-flip
Twenty wolves recently left their pack for new territory. The smaller number of wolves in the pack means that the availability of food will be
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food supply", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "pack", "more_effect_prop": "availability of food", "less_effect_prop": "availability of food", "less_cause_dir": "availability of food" }
QRQA-10035-1
If Mary is cleaning her pool and she lowers the pH value of the water, what happens to the acidity of the water?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Acids have pH values below 7. The lower the pH value, the more strongly acidic the substance.
QRSent-10035
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10060-5
John was looking at the ocean level data on his computer. He noticed that as the seafloor spreading rate increases, the level of the sea
{ "text": [ "Decreases", "Increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "sea level", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "rises", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "spreading rate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "level of sea", "less_effect_prop": "level of sea", "less_cause_dir": "level of sea" }
QRQA-10056-2-flip
If Milo stops eating for awhile and his blood glucose increases, what happens to the amount of insulin he is producing?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As blood glucose levels decrease, less insulin is produced.
QRSent-10056
{ "effect_prop": "insulin is produced", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood glucose" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "insulin", "less_effect_prop": "insulin", "less_cause_dir": "insulin" }
QRQA-10053-4-flip
Sarah is carrying two tubs, one is filled with rocks, the other with feathers. The tub with feathers will be lighter because it is
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A given volume of a denser substance is heavier than the same volume of a less dense substance.
QRSent-10053
{ "effect_prop": "heavy", "cause_dir_str": "denser", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "dense" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "filled with", "less_effect_dir": "filled with", "less_cause_prop": "dense", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "feathers", "less_cause_dir": "feathers" }
QRQA-10197-4-flip
When we look at the solar system planets are less far apart
{ "text": [ "closer to the sun", "farther from the sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, the farther away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planets orbit to the next.
QRSent-10197
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less far apart", "less_cause_prop": "to the sun", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "planets", "less_cause_dir": "planets" }
QRQA-10259-5
If the Moon moves towards the Earth, what happens to the tidal pull of that astral body?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because, although it is much smaller than the Sun, it is much closer.
QRSent-10259
{ "effect_prop": "effect on the tides", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "tidal pull", "less_effect_prop": "tidal pull", "less_cause_dir": "tidal pull" }
QRQA-10252-4-flip
Harry was sorting alkenes. The smallest of the bunch have _____ boiling points
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points, so they are liquids or waxy solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10252
{ "effect_prop": "boiling points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "alkenes", "more_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling points" }
QRQA-10195-2
The most massive objects have _____ gravity than less massive objects.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less massive objects also have less gravity than more massive objects.
QRSent-10195
{ "effect_prop": "less gravity", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "massiveness of an object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "massive objects", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10102-1-flip
John was comparing different fossils in his collection one day. If he were to compare characteristics of a very recent fossil in his collection to an animal alive now, what would he find?
{ "text": [ "high similarity", "low similarity" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, fossils in older rocks are less similar to modern organisms.
QRSent-10102
{ "effect_prop": "similarity to modern organisms", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "age of fossil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "fossil", "more_effect_prop": "similarity", "less_effect_prop": "similarity", "less_cause_dir": "similarity" }
QRQA-10230-2-flip
Terry had a glass lens that he made less curved over time. The lens now reflects _____ light.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts the light that passes through it.
QRSent-10230
{ "effect_prop": "it refracts the light that passes", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curved the surface is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "curved", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10069-4-flip
Eric rubs together tissue paper and then sandpaper. The rougher tissue paper has _____ friction than the sandpaper.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Rougher surfaces have more friction between them than smoother surfaces.
QRSent-10069
{ "effect_prop": "friction between them", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rougher surfaces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10146-4
Jay adds more resistors in parallel to a circuit. The total current strength
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As more resistors are added in parallel, the total current strength increases.
QRSent-10146
{ "effect_prop": "total current strength", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors added in parallel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_cause_dir": "current strength" }
QRQA-10404-3-flip
Terry replaces cut down trees in the forest. The air is now _____ dry.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With fewer trees, the air is drier and droughts are more common.
QRSent-10404
{ "effect_prop": "drier air", "cause_dir_str": "fewer", "effect_dir_str": "drier", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "trees" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "dry air", "less_effect_prop": "dry air", "less_cause_dir": "dry air" }
QRQA-10085-3
If a wire were to be cut in half, each half would have _____ resistance than the whole wire.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10366-3
Jolene just turned 16 years old. She is _____ likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than her grandmother.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "rare breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "teens" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "years old", "more_effect_prop": "likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer" }
QRQA-10077-4
The darker someone's skin is the _____ melanin they have.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
However, the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin.
QRSent-10077
{ "effect_prop": "melanin", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "melanocytes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "melanin", "less_effect_prop": "melanin", "less_cause_dir": "melanin" }
QRQA-10050-2
If Mona is a non-smoker, but decides to start smoking, what happens to the difficulty her lungs experience in removing chemicals from the air?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a person smokes there are chemicals released by the tobacco that enter the lungs. Because the lungs have to work harder to remove the chemicals, the body has to work harder to get the air needed to survive.
QRSent-10050
{ "effect_prop": "lungs have to work harder to remove the chemicals", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "chemicals released by the tobacco that enter the lungs" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "difficulty", "less_effect_prop": "difficulty", "less_cause_dir": "difficulty" }
QRQA-10145-5-flip
Eric is observing the transpiration process. The water from the plants goes into the atmosphere _____ in lower temperatures.
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In transipration, at warmer temperatures water molecules move faster, and the rate of evaporation from stomata is therefore much faster.
QRSent-10145
{ "effect_prop": "faster water molecules in transpiration", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "temperatures", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10240-1-flip
Marty watched the cruise ship sail closer and get _____.
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If you are standing on the shore and a ship is going out to sea, the ship gets smaller as it moves further away from you.
QRSent-10240
{ "effect_prop": "Distance", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "further away", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Ship" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10312-1
By adding twenty more resistors to the series circuit in series, the total resistance of the circuit was
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a series circuit, the resistance increases as more resistors are added in series.
QRSent-10312
{ "effect_prop": "resistance of the series circuit", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of resistors added to a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total resistance of the circuit", "less_effect_prop": "total resistance of the circuit", "less_cause_dir": "total resistance of the circuit" }
QRQA-10104-3-flip
If the Earth is orbiting the Sun and it begins to move farther from it, what happens the speed the Earth is moving?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Earth travels faster in its elliptical orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away.
QRSent-10104
{ "effect_prop": "Earth travels faster", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "Sun", "more_effect_prop": "Earth speed", "less_effect_prop": "Earth speed", "less_cause_dir": "Earth speed" }
QRQA-10335-5
Jan is cold, so she starts to jog in place. The faster Jan jogs, she will feel warmer
{ "text": [ "quicker", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "more quickly", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10266-1
Marco needs to dig a well in his backyard, but the water table is very low. The energy that it will take to dig a deep well is
{ "text": [ "great", "small" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the water is pumped out, the water table slowly falls, requiring wells to be dug deeper, which takes more money and energy.
QRSent-10266
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deepness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10370-1
A tsunami created by a lot of rocks will create what size wave?
{ "text": [ "small", "large" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude.
QRSent-10370
{ "effect_prop": "wave", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distrurbance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "large", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "wave", "less_effect_prop": "wave", "less_cause_dir": "wave" }
QRQA-10307-4-flip
Will is not smoking a cigarette anymore. This causes _____ oxygen to be available for diffusion in his lungs, so more oxygen will be absorbed into his blood.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen available for diffusion at the lungs, so less oxygen gets absorbed and blood is oxygenated to a lesser degree.
QRSent-10307
{ "effect_prop": "oxygen gets absorbed", "cause_dir_str": "reduces", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oxygen available for diffusion at the lungs in smoking" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "oxygen available", "more_effect_prop": "oxygen", "less_effect_prop": "oxygen", "less_cause_dir": "oxygen" }
QRQA-10062-1
Compared to a drywall screw with a coarse thread, would a lag bolt of the same length with a very fine thread require
{ "text": [ "fewer turns to drive into a hole>", "more turns to drive into a hole" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The trade-off when the threads are closer together, is that more turns of the screw or bolt are needed to do the job because the distance over which the input force must be applied is greater.
QRSent-10062
{ "effect_prop": "number of turns required to move the screw", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of threads on a screw" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "thread", "more_effect_prop": "turns", "less_effect_prop": "turns", "less_cause_dir": "turns" }
QRQA-10295-2
When a magnet is strong it has
{ "text": [ "more force", "less force" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charge" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10209-3
If Mona owns a greenhouse and she decides to cover the top up to restrict sunlight, what happens to her plant's ability to make food?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food.
QRSent-10209
{ "effect_prop": "plants and phytoplankton produce less food", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "sunlight", "more_effect_prop": "ability to make food", "less_effect_prop": "ability to make food", "less_cause_dir": "ability to make food" }
QRQA-10027-2-flip
If Mona is comparing an orange and an apple and she determines that the apple is less massive then the orange, which object has more gravity?
{ "text": [ "orange", "apple" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10027
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "massive", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10005-2-flip
If Mona is playing with a rubber band and she stops stretching it out, what happens to the amount of elastic force contained in the rubber band?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "elastic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "material is stretched" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "rubber band", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10328-1-flip
A reactant particle that is in the arctic is likely _____ compared to one in the desert.
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force.
QRSent-10328
{ "effect_prop": "movement speed", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "particle", "less_effect_prop": "particle", "less_cause_dir": "particle" }
QRQA-10166-4
A fossil in the lowest layer of rock would be _____ than one higher up.
{ "text": [ "younger", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Fossils found at the lowest layer of rock would be the oldest, as these would have been buried for the longest time, whereas fossils found closer to the surface would be buried more recently and therefore be younger.
QRSent-10166
{ "effect_prop": "age of fossils", "cause_dir_str": "lowest", "effect_dir_str": "oldest", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "layers of rock" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "layer of rock", "more_effect_prop": "fossil", "less_effect_prop": "fossil", "less_cause_dir": "fossil" }
QRQA-10216-3
John was looking at a diagram of an electrical system. He observed that it was more difficult for electronics to move when the wire was
{ "text": [ "Thicker", "Thinner" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire.
QRSent-10216
{ "effect_prop": "wire", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "thinner", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "difficult" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "thicker", "less_effect_dir": "thinner", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "wire", "less_effect_prop": "wire", "less_cause_dir": "wire" }
QRQA-10216-2
If you use a thick piece of wire then electrons move
{ "text": [ "easier", "harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire.
QRSent-10216
{ "effect_prop": "difficult", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diamter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "move", "less_effect_prop": "move", "less_cause_dir": "move" }
QRQA-10313-1
If Jim has a container of hydrogen gas that is 40 liters in volume and he moves the gas to a container that is 50 liters in volume, what happens to the density of the gas?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the larger container we will still have the same number of gas particles, but now they are filling a much larger space.
QRSent-10313
{ "effect_prop": "gas density", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "container size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "volume", "more_effect_prop": "density", "less_effect_prop": "density", "less_cause_dir": "density" }
QRQA-10344-4
Charles sees an atom through the microscope that is the biggest he's ever seen. The valence electrons in this atom are likely _____ the nucleus
{ "text": [ "far from", "close to" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In bigger atoms, valence electrons are farther from the nucleus.
QRSent-10344
{ "effect_prop": "farther from nucleus are valence electrons", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "bigger atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "far from nucleus", "less_effect_dir": "close to nucleus", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "valence electrons", "less_effect_prop": "valence electrons", "less_cause_dir": "valence electrons" }
QRQA-10062-5
Dawn is screwing in a screw so she can hang a picture on the wall. Because the threads are really close together, the force that Dawn must apply to get the screw into the wall is
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The trade-off when the threads are closer together, is that more turns of the screw or bolt are needed to do the job because the distance over which the input force must be applied is greater.
QRSent-10062
{ "effect_prop": "input force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "turns of the screw" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10343-4
Shirley wants to make sure that her frequencies are low, so she will have her wavelengths for the electromagnetic waves be
{ "text": [ "shorter", "longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies.
QRSent-10343
{ "effect_prop": "frequencies", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "frequencies", "less_cause_dir": "frequencies" }
QRQA-10389-4
Mike needed to get a good picture in a dark room, but couldn't turn on a light. In order to get the brightest photo, Mike made the exposure
{ "text": [ "longer", "shorter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The longer the exposure, the more light that the telescope can gather to make the image.
QRSent-10389
{ "effect_prop": "light let in", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exposure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "couldn't turn on a light", "less_cause_prop": "exposure", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10238-5
Erin was going to see the elephants in the jungle. If the jungle is smaller than it was 20 years ago, then what has likely happened to the population of the elephants?
{ "text": [ "it has decreased", "it has increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "numbers of the elephants", "cause_dir_str": "decreased", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "forest habitat of elephants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "jungle", "more_effect_prop": "population of the elephants", "less_effect_prop": "population of the elephants", "less_cause_dir": "population of the elephants" }
QRQA-10128-3
When water is eroding down a river it will do more cutting if it is
{ "text": [ "low", "high" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In erosion, the higher the elevation, the farther the stream is from where it will reach base level and the more cutting it has to do.
QRSent-10128
{ "effect_prop": "cutting", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10294-4
Eric built his telescope higher up. The interference from the atmosphere up here is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Many observatories are built on high mountains. There is less air above the telescope, so there is less interference from the atmosphere.
QRSent-10294
{ "effect_prop": "interference from the atmosphere", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air above the telescope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "interference", "less_effect_prop": "interference", "less_cause_dir": "interference" }
QRQA-10206-3-flip
Mike had a large telescope for years and years. Recently, his wife purchased him a smaller one. Compared to the bigger telescope, the amount of light the new, smaller one would collect would be
{ "text": [ "less.", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger telescopes can collect more light and see finer details than smaller telescopes.
QRSent-10206
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "amount of light", "less_effect_prop": "amount of light", "less_cause_dir": "amount of light" }
QRQA-10398-1
Kelly built a home with a gorgeous ocean view, but the hillside is prone to erosion, and each time it rains, his foundation becomes less stable. The slope is getting steeper and the water is flowing _____ causing more erosion.
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion.
QRSent-10398
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "steeper", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "steeper slope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10217-5
If we want to increase resistance in computers we should put more resistors in
{ "text": [ "parallel", "series" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As more resistors are added in series, the total resistance of the circuit increases.
QRSent-10217
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors in series" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10310-4
If Milo is listening to the radio in his room and the room gets colder, what happens to the speed of the sound waves generated by the radio?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10310
{ "effect_prop": "sound waves travel more slowly", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lower temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_effect_dir": "increase", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speed of sound waves", "less_effect_prop": "speed of sound waves", "less_cause_dir": "speed of sound waves" }
QRQA-10182-5
Milo is measuring acidity levels in his drink fridge. If his sprite is more acidic then his coke, which item has the greater concentration of ions?
{ "text": [ "coke", "sprite" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid.
QRSent-10182
{ "effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stronger acid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "concentration", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10105-2-flip
A still river that carries little sediment will cause _____ erosion.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause.
QRSent-10105
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sediment carried" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "sediment", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10066-5-flip
When we get warm we become
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the gas is cooled, the particles will move more slowly, because they will have less energy.
QRSent-10066
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "cooled", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "we", "less_effect_prop": "we", "less_cause_dir": "we" }
QRQA-10365-1
John was combining chemicals in his lab one day. If he were to increase the temperature in his lab, what would happen to the rate of chemical reactions in his experiments?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Chemical weathering increases as: Temperature increases: Chemical reactions proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures.
QRSent-10365
{ "effect_prop": "chemical reactivity", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more rapidly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate", "less_effect_prop": "rate", "less_cause_dir": "rate" }
QRQA-10383-2-flip
A fast stream is capable of moving
{ "text": [ "boulders", "sand" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "particles", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "boulders", "less_effect_dir": "sand", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "moving", "less_effect_prop": "moving", "less_cause_dir": "moving" }
QRQA-10215-2
Jim puts his water in the fridge for later. The molecules in the liquid
{ "text": [ "speed up", "slow down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a volume of water is cooled, the molecules move less vigorously, so same number of molecules takes up less space and the water is denser.
QRSent-10215
{ "effect_prop": "molecules move", "cause_dir_str": "cooled", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "cooled water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "molecules", "less_effect_prop": "molecules", "less_cause_dir": "molecules" }
QRQA-10404-1-flip
The logging company in your town is proposing they plant several thousand acres of trees. If they do so, the chances of droughts in your area will
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With fewer trees, the air is drier and droughts are more common.
QRSent-10404
{ "effect_prop": "droughts", "cause_dir_str": "fewer", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "trees" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "droughts", "less_effect_prop": "droughts", "less_cause_dir": "droughts" }
QRQA-10133-1-flip
If Jim decreases the amount of field lines drawn what will happen to the strength of the field?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more field lines that are drawn, the stronger the field.
QRSent-10133
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the field", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "field lines drawn" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strength increase", "less_effect_dir": "strength decrease", "less_cause_prop": "field lines", "more_effect_prop": "field", "less_effect_prop": "field", "less_cause_dir": "field" }
QRQA-10337-5
Bob takes a deep breath, so that his lungs will have less painful pressure, making the size of Bob's chest
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Inhaling, or breathing in, increases the size of the chest, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10337
{ "effect_prop": "external air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chest size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "chest size", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10093-4
Wendy increases the frequency of her radio's sound waves. These waves now have _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Higher frequency waves have greater energy.
QRSent-10093
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10335-2-flip
Rita sees a particle and makes it move very slowly. The temperature of the particle
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "temperature is higher", "cause_dir_str": "more quickly", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particle move quickly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10069-1-flip
A piece of glass has _____ friction than a piece of sandpaper.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Rougher surfaces have more friction between them than smoother surfaces.
QRSent-10069
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "roughness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "glass", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10389-5
If Mona is an astronomer and she is looking through a telescope, what happens to the amount of light gathered by the telescope if she increases the exposure?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The longer the exposure, the more light that the telescope can gather to make the image.
QRSent-10389
{ "effect_prop": "light that the telescope can gather", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exposure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "the amount of light gathered by the telescope", "less_effect_prop": "the amount of light gathered by the telescope", "less_cause_dir": "the amount of light gathered by the telescope" }
QRQA-10211-4
Robin is using aluminum foil to make small cylinders. A foil cylinder of diameter 10cm likely has _____ resistance than a foil cylinder of diameter 1cm.
{ "text": [ "greater", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The thinner the wire, the more resistance it offers.
QRSent-10211
{ "effect_prop": "resistance it offers", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire thinner" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "diameter", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10194-3-flip
If Mona is filling her pool with chemicals to change the pH level of the water and she decreases the pH, what happens to the baseness of the water?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance.
QRSent-10194
{ "effect_prop": "strongly basic the substance", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "baseness", "less_effect_prop": "baseness", "less_cause_dir": "baseness" }
QRQA-10352-1
During a game of tug-o-war, two teams are pulling a rope, the team that will pull the hardest has people who weigh
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Gravity is a pull which all matter exerts on all other matter, the more mass, the stronger the pull.
QRSent-10352
{ "effect_prop": "pull", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "the hardest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "pull", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10056-3
Polly was managing her diabetes. As her blood glucose levels _____, her body produces less insulin so she would need to supplement this.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As blood glucose levels decrease, less insulin is produced.
QRSent-10056
{ "effect_prop": "insulin produced", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood glucose levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "blood glucose levels", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "insulin", "less_cause_dir": "insulin" }
QRQA-10334-4
If Mona is a nursing mother and her body begins producing more prolactin then before, what happens to the amount of milk she will produce?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "milk", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "prolactin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of milk", "less_effect_prop": "amount of milk", "less_cause_dir": "amount of milk" }
QRQA-10247-5-flip
If an animal is not growing normally, it should develop _____ hair.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "hair", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "growth of an animal" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "animal", "more_effect_prop": "hair", "less_effect_prop": "hair", "less_cause_dir": "hair" }
QRQA-10387-4
Rich works out every day. Paul does not work out at all. Whose heart expels more blood per contraction, resulting in lower BPM?
{ "text": [ "Rich", "Paul" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a person exercises regularly, and is fit, the heart undergoes certain long-term adaptations. The heart muscle gets stronger, and expels more blood with each contraction.
QRSent-10387
{ "effect_prop": "expels more blood with each contraction", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stronger heart muscle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "blood expels", "less_cause_dir": "blood expels" }