text
stringlengths 33
475k
|
|---|
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Here what happened with me today. TimeMachine asked me whether I want to set a backup disk, I've answered yes, but then, when I've realized that in order to backup anything TimeMachine will clean the disk, I've changed my mind and canceled everything. And my disk suddenly became read only.
What I've tried before Googling:
$ sudo chflags -R nouchg Elements/
$ sudo chmod -R a+w Elements/
But I've failed with both of this, getting "read-only file system" messages.
What I've tried after Googling:
1. Open Disk Utilities
2. Click Repair Disk Permissions
But this button is disabled, and I have no idea what exactly should be done to enable it.
I have been using this disk for a quite a long time, and never had any permission issues with it. (Disk is formatted as NTFS, if that helps. Capacity is 2TB, of which 1.92TB are available.)
I'd really appreciate if someone will give me a hint how this can be resolved.
share|improve this question
Try booting from the Recovery HD and see if the button is still disabled. – rien333 Oct 7 '12 at 14:07
What exactly is it you need to do with the stuff on the NTFS disk? – segiddins Oct 7 '12 at 15:26
@SamuelE.Giddins I need to work with disk just as I've worked yesterday, 2 days ago, 3 days ago etc. It looks like very annoying bug to me - to find out that out of a sudden this disk is considered to be read-only. – shabunc Oct 7 '12 at 15:34
do you have any add-ons that would deal with file systems? if not, and you need to be able to write to an NTFS formatted disk, check out my revised answer. Otherwise, the disk has always been read-only, there is no built-in NTFS write support in OS X. – segiddins Oct 7 '12 at 15:36
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
You are getting the read-only file system error because on OS X NTFS is natively read-only. It was read-only before your Time Machine run in, and will stay that way unless you install a third-party driver, such as Tuxera NTFS.
Disk Utility's built-in repair commands are merely a GUI front-end for fsck and fsck_hfs. They are not meant to be used on an NTFS-formatted disk.
share|improve this answer
thank you for this response, but if they are not meant for NTFS-formatted disks, then, what should I do? – shabunc Oct 7 '12 at 15:15
Do you have a Windows install handy? – segiddins Oct 7 '12 at 15:16
nope, I haven't ( – shabunc Oct 7 '12 at 15:18
This is great mystery why I've used to write to this disk previously, but it looks like you are absolutely right, NTFS is not fully supported on MacOS. Your answer gave me a hint, so I believe it should be accepted. – shabunc Oct 7 '12 at 16:46
thanks. i wish you luck – segiddins Oct 7 '12 at 19:43
add comment
Your Answer
|
YOU ARE HERE: LAT HomeCollections
(Page 2 of 4)
Kicking Out the Jams
The Trials and Triumphs of Barney Rosset's Grove Press
These same conditions were to give rise in the spring of 1970 to a conflict that marked the end of Grove's decade of remarkable success. A dissident group of employees sought to unionize the company, and a disciplined cell of feminists demanded veto power over Grove's editorial policy. The machinists' union quickly signed up half a dozen editorial workers, all of whom Rosset promptly fired. The women had other goals, including 24-hour free child care, for all profits from books written by black authors to be "returned" to the black "community" and for all profits from erotic books to be used to establish a defense fund for prostitutes. In keeping with the spirit of the times, the feminists occupied the executive offices at Grove and mounted a press campaign that made network television news. Rosset refused to acquiesce in what he saw as censorship and had them forcibly removed by the police. He had sat on his own sword.
The union lost the vote among the employees, but the demands of the radicals remained morally divisive. How could a man who had been a Communist in his youth, one who held in contempt any social policy that interfered with the freedom of the artist or the individual, not accede to the values of the women's movement? The writers and film-makers who saw in Grove a haven for expression and experimentation became disaffected. Readers, 200,000 of whom bought Evergreen Review every month and who sought out new books from Grove simply because they were published by Grove, began to desert the company.
These events, coupled with declining revenues from the film division and the excessive cost of renovating a new office building, combined to jeopardize Grove's financial future. But, more important, by the early 1970s, Grove's captive audience had been fractured. Books and magazine articles that only Grove would have published a scant five years earlier were now seen as safe commercial ventures by larger, more conventional houses, and Grove, at a moment of capital scarcity, was forced to compete with publishers who had far more money available to invest.
When I joined Grove in 1969, the company employed 140 people and had just moved into a lavishly restored office building at the corner of Bleecker and Mercer streets. Four years later, there were 14 of us working out of Rosset's home on West Houston Street, after an interim stopover on East 11th Street in a small building that housed a miniature movie theater and the Black Cat bar, which Rosset operated on the financially dubious policy of never charging friends or employees for their drinks.
During the 1970s, Grove lived on the income generated by its marvelous backlist. There was the occasional new book of note, even the rare momentary best-seller. But the halcyon days were gone, along with the money. Rosset's instinct had been to make Grove into what we would now call a multimedia company. And instinct it was, as his view of the future was always a bit light on planning or details and, later, on resources. He wanted a company that could publish a magazine to support its books and discover new writers, to run a book club that offered publications and short films (most of them in aggressive violation of just about everybody's "community standards") via the mail, so as to circumvent the regular, stodgy channels of distribution. He entered the feature film business to distribute movies such as Jean-Luc Godard's "Weekend" and the seminal, if banal, "I Am Curious (Yellow)." These and other films were, Rosset understood, a natural extension of the publishing operation (a number of them were made by Grove authors such as Marguerite Duras).
His idea of what America's future could aspire to--racial tolerance, free sexual expression--was based on morality and an acute sense of history. That some of his ideas were not much more than mental curlicues and that some of his behavior was awfully self-centered does not detract from his ethical impulse.
America has traveled some distance since the mid-1950s. Today it looks a lot more like what Rosset wanted it to be than it resembles the social order championed by those who would have delighted in attending his auto-da-fe. For his view of the future was not a "vision"; it was concrete, something one could stake reputation and private fortune on, which is what he did.
An inveterate child of the 1930s, he was a man whose true thoughts and emotions were closer to those of a precocious 16-year-old than to those of the charming sophisticate one first met. Rosset needed money but disdained what he believed it represented, as when, after his father's death, he sued the state of Illinois to return a prized charter to operate a private bank.
Los Angeles Times Articles |
YOU ARE HERE: LAT HomeCollectionsEducation
(Page 2 of 2)
High turnover reported among charter school teachers
With so many charter school teachers moving on each year, concerns arise about retaining quality educators and how stability affects student performance.
July 25, 2011|By Howard Blume, Los Angeles Times
Kavita Papneja, a math teacher, joined an Alliance College-Ready charter several years ago and doesn't regret it. In her prior work at a traditional school, Gompers Middle School near Watts, "you have more behavior issues," she said. "Here, most of the time, we just have to worry about what we are teaching and what kids are learning."
As far as the charter workload, "if I have to spend extra hours, I will," said Papneja, 43, who believes she's the oldest teacher in her school. "It's not like they force me."
She and history teacher Stephanie McIlroy, who joined Alliance at age 21, also left a charter school; but in their case, the purpose was to follow Principal Howard Lappin from one Alliance charter school to a newly opened charter, the Alliance Environmental Science and Technology High School in Glassell Park.
Some former teachers at Alliance schools and elsewhere were less enthusiastic, speaking of pressure to produce high test scores and arbitrary management.
"We got in trouble for taking our sick days and personal days," said a history teacher who entered the teaching profession at a charter while in her 20s. She requested anonymity because she recently accepted a position at a different charter school. "Teachers feel so beleaguered because everything is presented to us as a problem we have to solve. But we can't fix all those problems, like when a kid misses 60 days in a semester."
Despite her former school's solid test scores, she said, the teacher departures matter.
"It has a huge effect on student morale," she said, especially for students who lack needed stability in other parts of their lives. "By the time students graduated from my school, there was not a single teacher who had been there the whole time."
Los Angeles Times Articles |
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I just installed Ubuntu 11.04 on my Netbook. I had to use a flash key and during the installation i tried putting Ubuntu on a separate partition, but it kept showing a no root file system is defined error.
I didn't really know what i could do to fix it, so i decided to install it alongside Windows. I have a windows7 installation, which works perfectly fine. So the installation goes through perfectly and i give both OS's 40 Gigs of space. The comp restarts and NOTHING!
The computer boots directly into Windows. During the install it said i am supposed to be prompted at boot, and nothing happened. Ubuntu partitioned the C: drive, but this partition doesn't show up in Windows. If i boot using the flash drive, it shows the partition with the Ubuntu installation. I tried reinstalling, but now i don't get the prompt to asking me to install Ubuntu.
Really confused ..
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
It sounds like you have two disk drives and the boot loader was installed to the wrong drive. Either tell your BIOS to boot from the other drive, or reinstall, and make sure you direct grub to the correct drive.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer
|
Take the 2-minute tour ×
When I used the exe file to install it it works on first start. Then when I restart it and boot from it, I get a purple screen then it flashes to the login screen what happend to the ubuntu logo?
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
to put it simply, the graphic driver loads slower than the rest of the system. I fixed it with these directions.
Get your precious Plymouth splash screen back
I didn't not follow the directions from this particular website, I couldn't find the one I used but these are the correct direction. I have mine back and can now remove the "quiet splash" and see the boot messages if needed.
Edit: while there is an detailed explanation of why you might want to check out, I and going to copy and paste the instructions below in case the link expires.
Open a virtual terminal and type the following command:
sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
This file may not exist, so you may be creating it from scratch now.
Enter the following content on the file you opened on the previous step:
Close and save the file.
Now, run the following command to commit the change:
sudo update-initramfs -u
Reboot and enjoy your Plymouth splash screen.
share|improve this answer
So i will need my gpu because mine isent working atm – winter4w Jun 13 '12 at 2:50
I'm not sure what you are asking here. The fix has nothing to do with which gpu you have. If you can get to the log in screen your gpu is working. The reason that you have no splash screen is that the new kernels load so fast that the DRIVERS load after the rest of the system. This fix will get the system to wait for the graphic driver to load, hence allowing you to see the boot screen or any boot messages if you Esc. the splash screen. The system will boot slightly slower with this fix but if you have a fairly new system you will not notice the difference. – TrailRider Jun 13 '12 at 21:39
Unless I misunderstood your initial question. after you installed you didn't see the boot screen but went to the log-in screen, you were able to log in and run Ubuntu correct?? If so then Ubuntu is installed and you can use this fix to get the boot screen to show again. – TrailRider Jun 13 '12 at 21:48
Yes i dont see the boot screen but I am able to go on the login screen i was just wondering if I can get the boot screen – winter4w Jun 14 '12 at 3:57
Then this should work for you. – TrailRider Jun 14 '12 at 22:48
add comment
Your Answer
|
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have used ubuntu for almost 6 months full time at home while using windows for almost 6 years,so I previously used ubuntu on separate hard drive while I have one attached hard drive with partitions having NTFS file system so I used data from those partitions also. Now I want to again shift to ubuntu as I am a web developer and want to use ubuntu and I have a hp probook. So I just want to know few things:
Should I use wubi? But I have heard it is on windows installtion mercy still that is not good. Should I use dual boot and configure it separately without any wubi e.t.c.? Or should I install separate ubuntu on whole hard disk?
It seems like 3rd option is good but main concern in that case is that how will my data be safe? Like if my ubuntu is corrupted or need to install again or uninstall in any case, then I will need to format whole disk and all my data will be deleted as it is on unpartitioned space. So this seems to be unsafe. Actually I am not sure, but another option I have is to have some partitions and some unpartitioned space and install ubuntu on unpartitioned space and if I will remove ubuntu at some time or it will be removed some how then I will have my data safe in partitioned space. The way I am thinking really make sense? I have been actually windows user so may be thinking in that way, and want to know that how mostly people use ubuntu while feeling safe about their data. What is best way to use ubuntu?
Please tell whatever you know so that I can understand the way better. thanks
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
I would definitely recommend the third choice.
Like you said, the first choice is bad since you're basically running within Windows. The second choice is alright, but if you can run Ubuntu on a separate HDD that would be best in my opinion.
If Ubuntu gets corrupted, there's no need for you to format the drive or partitions before recovering your data. If you're going to be running Windows as well, you can access the Linux partitions, granted that you don't encrypt them (if you do I'm sure you still can I just don't know how)
WIndows 7 can natively read Ext2, 3 and 4. If you're using an earlier version of Windows you can download and use ext2fsd to view the linux partitions.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer
|
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have installed Ubuntu 11.04 on 2 of my desktops PC's. I have not installed any addon packages or anything related to network. Please guide my on how to set up a LAN between these two machines. is there any GUI program to do this instead of Terminal? Because I am completely new to linux and am not very familiar with Terminal usage. I have the ethernet cable connected to a router which inturn is connected to my DSL modem to provide internet access to both my pc's.
Thanking you
share|improve this question
Ok, first things first: is internet working for both? Can both browse webpages, etc? Is your only issue on how to share folders and/or printers with each other? – MestreLion May 29 '11 at 10:38
What exactly do you want to use the LAN for? What you described already places the computers in a LAN. – Oxwivi May 29 '11 at 11:48
Your router may also be set up to not let the machines talk to each other. Usually that's only with wireless, but make sure the machines are able to ping each other. You can do that from the System -> Administration -> Network Tools menu. – Broam Jun 14 '11 at 20:27
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 5 down vote accepted
If both are directly connected to the router and can access internet, then they already are in LAN. Maybe you want to share files and folders, right?
If so, its easy: right-click any folder you want to share, go to "Sharing Options", check the "Share this folder" box, choose a share name, and youre basically done.
If Samba support is not already installed by default, Ubuntu will offer you to install it on-the-fly. Just accept it. Oh, by the way: "Samba" is what enables Ubuntu (and other Linux distros) to share folders and files in a LAN, using the same protocol used by Windows. Meaning any folders you share will also be accessible by Windows machines in your LAN (if there is any)
share|improve this answer
Thank you for the help. Does both the computers need to have samba installed? like comp1 shares file to comp2, i do your suggestion in comp1, do i have to perform the same on comp2 just to access comp1's files? Note: comp2 need not share files to comp1. – newforubuntulinux Jun 21 '11 at 11:55
@newforubuntulinux: Youre welcome. If comp2 will only access comp1's shared files, then no, no further setup is necessary. In File Manager (Nautilus is the proper name) just click Network in the left panel and browse till comp1's files. – MestreLion Jun 22 '11 at 15:05
add comment
I'm a little unsure how far you want the guide to go. But if you simply want Internet connection / local file sharing:
With the computer you are connecting to your router:
Click on your network indicator (top right of your screen...) and select 'Edit Connections'. In the wired tab hit the button 'Add'. Give the connection a helpful name, and under the 'IPv4 Settings' tab choose "Shared to other computers" in the drop down 'Method' box. Save the chances and close the connection editor. Connected this computer to the Internet.
Connected up the second machine. On the first 'internet'ed' machine just make sure (using the network indicator) that the Wired Connection you've just created is chosen.
This GUI method should be able to cope with most more-complex setups too.
share|improve this answer
As I have understood, both computers are directly connected to the router. So no need to share the wired connection, as they are probaly already "internet'ed" by the router. I think this is only a matter of SaMBa-sharing folders. – MestreLion May 29 '11 at 10:42
indeed - i think a little bit of confirmation is needed @newforubuntulinux please... – thomas michael wallace May 29 '11 at 10:50
Yes both Computers are able to browse internet web pages. I want to share folders between the 2 machines. Thanks everyone for the effort to answer my question. – newforubuntulinux May 30 '11 at 7:52
@newforubuntulinux: if any of the answers solved your issue, please choose one as the accepted answer. If not, feel free to edit your question and add more information on why they didnt work, and we well be pleased to help you further. – MestreLion Jun 2 '11 at 7:06
add comment
Your Answer
|
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am attempting to filter every notification through espeak. However, I can't seem to find a way to get the notification body from a python script, or even what signal_name to listen to.
Trying to google for this only seems to yield results involving creating new notifications, so I am completely lost now.
Anyone can help me with this?
In short, what I want is to listen for incoming notifications using python, and obtaining the "body" attribute of the notification.
share|improve this question
It seems a notification doesn't produce a signal i.e., dbus-monitor "type='signal',interface='org.freedesktop.Notifications'" shows nothing but dbus-monitor "interface='org.freedesktop.Notifications'" shows notifications (type is 'method_call' not 'signal'). – J.F. Sebastian Sep 7 '12 at 21:34
add comment
1 Answer
By notifications you mean the "OSD bubbles" that some software sends, like changing volume, IM chat, etc? You want to create a python program to capture those?
Well, Ask Ubuntu is not a programmer's QA, and software development is a bit beyond the scope, but here is a little code I did do capture notification bubbles:
import glib
import dbus
from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop
def notifications(bus, message):
if message.get_member() == "Notify":
print [arg for arg in message.get_args_list()]
bus = dbus.SessionBus()
mainloop = glib.MainLoop()
Leave this running in a terminal, then open another terminal window and test it:
notify-send --icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/debian-logo.png "My Title" "Some text body"
And the program will output this:
[dbus.String(u'notify-send'), dbus.UInt32(0L), dbus.String(u'/usr/share/pixmaps/debian-logo.png'), dbus.String(u'My Title'), dbus.String(u'Some text body'),...
As you may have guessed, message.get_args_list()[0] is the sender, [2] for icon, [3] for summary and [4] for body text.
For the meaning of the other fields, check the official specification docs
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer
|
Why Would LeBron James Ever Want To Come to New Jersey?
Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories
Why Would LeBron James Ever Want To Come to New Jersey?
Jim McIsaac/Getty Images
Looking at LeBron James' free agency options, why the heck would he want to come to Jersey?
For one, the team just got out of their arena that existed on a swamp, which basically describes what people think of when they think of New Jersey (unfairly so).
The Nets won 12 games in 2009-2010. If it were me, the Nets' situation wouldn't seem very appealing, and that's coming from a Nets fan.
But here's the thing that's keeping the New Jersey Nets in the hunt—mystique.
The Nets have a new Russian owner, music mogul Jay-Z, and two great players in Devin Harris and Brook Lopez. On top of that, they just drafted Derrick Favors and Damion James.
Doesn't sound like a 12-win team, does it?
Plus, the Nets are moving to Newark this season (not that Newark's all that enticing), but the Nets have the aura of Brooklyn in the future.
LeBron won't have to wait long until he gets to Brooklyn, which is just as good as Manhattan in certain ways.
Sure, he could go to L.A. and play for the Clippers, but I think the Clips may be the one team whose name rings a more sour bell than the Nets.
And barring a shocking move, I doubt he'll stay in Cleveland.
Yes, he could go to Chicago, Dallas, or Miami and party it up, but those cities aren't New York.
And as for the Knicks, who do play in New York, their core somehow manages to be worse off than that of the 12-win Nets.
With all of that being said, I still think it would be a wild card if LeBron landed with the Nets.
But it could happen. Is it a long shot? Yes. But is it possible? Definitely.
Who knows, maybe LeBron will surprise us and take a bite out of the Big Apple...I mean New Jersey.
Load More Stories
Follow Brooklyn Nets from B/R on Facebook
Brooklyn Nets
Subscribe Now
We will never share your email address
Thanks for signing up. |
Dont Overlook Smaller College Football Programs!
Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories
Dont Overlook Smaller College Football Programs!
Year after year, in every aspect of the game, smaller football programs are often overlooked.
Memories of a great Boise State team walking all over a highly ranked Oklahoma in the 2007 Fiesta Bowl, Larry Fitzgerald (PITT) losing the 2003 Heisman race to Jason White (OKLA) supposedly based on team record not player performance as the Heisman should be.
Not to take away from White who was a great player, but he finished ranked 8th in passing yards, 26th in completion percentage, and 8th in QB rating.
Fitzgerald, on the other hand, finished first in almost every receiving category, but since his school was a lower profile (and ranked lower) many voters chose White instead, Basing there votes on team performance instead of individual stats.
If the Heisman was based on team performance then every year, the National Champions should pick one of there players to win it since they are the best team it would only be fair. Now how dumb does that sound?
Again this year, a small school player is setting the precedent nine games into the year, but still Jarrett Dillard of Rice is still never mentioned in the run for Heisman, although he is far ahead of leading receiver candidate Michael Crabtree of Texas Tech. Oh and by the way he has less receptions but still WAY better numbers than Crabtree.
Ever since the BCS was implemented, Strength of Schedule has become one of the biggest things in determining a team's grit and power.
I think this has contributed to the brainwashing of those voting on awards and polls. A small team like Ball State does not have the recruiting power of teams like Alabama, Penn State, USC, Ohio State, and Florida.
I think if you are going to incorporate Strength of Schedule into the Heisman equation then you should also calculate Strength of Recruitment!
If this were the case, we would find out that the small schools and players we are overlooking, if put on a level playing would probably walk all over 50 percent of the teams in the top 25!
People do not realize that Nick Saban, one of the best college coaches of the last 2 decades, came from a very small Toledo school, but as soon as he was given the chance to move up, he was an instant success at Michigan State, LSU, and now Alabama.
My point to this is, the coaches and kids who put up big numbers at small schools would still put up the big numbers if they were given a chance to play at a bigger school.
Most of your LaDainian Tomlinsons (TCU '97-'00) go to smaller colleges and Junior Colleges because of grade requirements or to stay closer to home. A kid that wants or in most cases NEEDS to stay close to home should not be punished for this decision.
I understand that you must incorporate Strength of schedule into the polls in order to determine which team is the strongest in the nation. My only concern is that this is going to continue to spew over into individual awards like the Heisman.
If this continues to be the case college sports, is going to be so predictable that all your team's best player would have to do to win the Heisman is lead his team to the national championship or at least the top 3 in the final standings.
What if Graham Harrell had lost to Texas and then later in the year loses to Oklahoma knocking Tech to No. 14 or 15 in the BCS polls? Does this mean he would be any less worthy than Colt McCoy if Texas were to win the Championship, but McCoy ends up with way less in every offensive category than Harrell?
Would this be right just because Harrell would have two team losses to McCoy's 0? I don't think it would be, and if it is not right for a high-profile team such as Texas Tech, then it should not be right for a smaller school!
Your comments are appreciate.
Thanks and please check out my football stats article it may help us all out!
Load More Stories
Follow Alabama Crimson Tide Football from B/R on Facebook
Alabama Crimson Tide Football
Subscribe Now
We will never share your email address
Thanks for signing up. |
Baker Institute Blog
Family planning is a public health issue that shouldn’t be politicized
James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy
11 Responses
1. Ovbiously says:
The purpose of taxpayer supported “public health” is to prevent the spread of diseases that can be communicated without contact with the infected individual. The author and apparently the entire ‘public health’ special interest group is trying to convert ‘public health’ into whatever activity it thinks is a ‘good idea’ and it can bring within the scope of its bureaucracy. It is notable the ‘public health’ bureaucrats are identifying such non diseases as motor vehicle safety. This is another example of jurisdiction creep.
2. DDD says:
Very eloquently stated. Should meet the approval of your liberal following.
3. bigmoney says:
I agree 100%. Family planning is good public policy that has the added bonus of saving taxpayers’ money and giving people a choice and resources to plan their families. It’s a shame that it has become a political issue.
4. Mark says:
too bad you are located in Texas, where women’s health doesn’t count at public health.
5. Nancy Ford says:
I had forgotten that Title X which provided women with access to low cost contraceptives was signed into law by Richard Nixon. Clearly, family planning is something that makes sense to the majority of Americans and as such bridges political party divides–unless of course it is being used by the fringe elements as a weapon. I also appreciated the author’s “reality check”–contraception, family planning, is something we had debated and accepted decades ago. The fact that current research deals with emerging nations and not our own advanced society is a wake up call. Why is anyone doubting the benefits of family planning in 2012?
6. Emily says:
Eloquent and on the mark. Bravo, Elena Marks.
7. Kimberly says:
I couldn’t agree more. We spend so much time on international development and not enough time on the issues in our own backyard. Family planning is an important public policy. Contraceptives should be available and provided at a low cost to anyone who so chooses to use them. Every woman should have the right to choose how and when to plan for a family.
8. Patricia Snyder says:
Why is it these days that when people disagree, they label one another, closing the door to honest debate to help find the common ground? I personally believe that America dealt with this issue decades ago, but still have a lot to do to continue to keep our common public, healthy. And for me that means making contraceptives and education about contraceptives available for as many people as possible…
9. Karen1961 says:
The health benefits of family planning and widely available contraceptives are unquestioned in the scientific and health policy literature, as are the health benefits of many other public health tools cited by the author. We need to use the best tools available to us to achieve healthy babies, women and families.
10. Brian says:
I agree that it is good for a married couple to plan their family. However, if someone doesn’t want to pay for abortion or contraception for moral reasons, they shouldn’t be forced to.
Contraceptives have lead to higher divorce rate, higher rate of STD’s, and unplanned pregnancies are still an alarming high number.
Why don’t the statistics support your statements to show that we are reaping the benefits of contraceptives? Oh right, because they aren’t true.
It’s a much more complicated problem that just giving everyone a pill.
11. georgex says:
The directive from the Bible to populate the “four corners” of the earth has been fulfilled. Advocating that birth control should not be used puts the sustainability of the planet in jeopardy, families with more children than they can afford and spread of diseases that cause much misery and death. That is an immoral position. |
Could an Islamic sitcom be a hit in America?
Throughout the history of television, there have been several TV shows in which the original concept of the show – a comedy about being a prisoner of war in Nazi Germany, for example – might seem, on the top, a bit uncomfortable.
So how is it that one of Canada’s most popular homegrown television shows is a gentle situation comedy about the Islamic community in a small Saskatchewan town?
Welcome to “Little Mosque on the Prairie.” It’s a half-hour sitcom on the CBC, about several members of the Muslim community of Mercy, Saskatchewan and how they share a house of worship with the local Anglican church.
In fact, take a look at the premiere episode of “Little Mosque on the Prairie” and judge for yourself. It’s in two parts, as listed below.
A few things to consider. Since its premiere in 2007, “Little Mosque on the Prairie” has been one of the biggest homegrown hits in Canada, even surpassing the venerable show “Corner Gas.” It’s been syndicated around the world.
But despite all this success, the show has never broken through to the United States. Plans to bring the show in, or to create an American version of the show, have both stalled.
So here’s what I want to know from you. Watch the clips in this blog and you tell me -
1. Would you watch “Little Mosque on the Prairie” if it aired in America? Why or why not?
2. Do you think America is ready for a sitcom involving Islamic characters and culture? Why or why not?
Okay – discuss.
Categories: General
Chuck Miller
One Response
1. BL says:
Didn’t we already have “Allah in the Family” here? It was a huge hit. |
Can you ever win an argument with a teenager?
Of course your teacher doesn't go over homework. That makes sense.
I say no.
Case in point: My oldest and I went around in circles yesterday about studying for a math test. She argued she couldn’t begin studying until her class finished the unit because she “wouldn’t know what to study.” I suggested she start with finished and corrected homework, which seemed like a logical approach. She spent the next 10 minutes telling me why that couldn’t happen, which seemed nonsensical.
Here’s the conversation:
Me: Do you have a math test coming up?
Her: When we finish the unit.
Me: When is that?
Her: If we finish the unit Friday, the test will be Monday. If we finish Monday, it will be Tuesday.
Me: Maybe you can study a little each night between now and then.
Her: No, I can’t until we finish the unit.
Me: What?
Her: I won’t know what to study.
Me: You’re doing homework every night. Presumably, that is the material that will be on the test.
Her: I don’t want to study it if I’m doing it wrong.
Me: Doesn’t your teacher grade it?
Her: No, he just marks whether you’ve done it.
Me: Really? He doesn’t go over the homework? I need to know because I think maybe I need to talk to him then.
Her: He only goes over the ones you did wrong.
Me: Is there something you can go over, practice each night?
Her: No, I have to wait until the unit is done and do the review homework.
Me: (imagine, if you will, my raised voice) OK, Use whatever study method you want. If you bring home a C, the cellphone is gone.
Tracy Ormsbee
8 Responses
1. Kathleen says:
Good answer! I say you won the argument.
2. kvp says:
If you figure out how to stop the procrastination please, please please tell me how… I’ll pay you… a lot…
3. ChristineV says:
Ha! This reminds me of a conversation I had with our son while driving home from soccer last week. He and his Dad had come to blows over computer use and bedtime the night before.
Me: when I say 10:30 bedtime it doesn’t mean coming upstairs and getting ready at 10:30
He: that’s lame
Me: you need to be off the computer 1 hour before bedtime
He: owww, why? That’s lame (stupid, dumb – insert word here)
It wasn’t quite that bad, but you get the picture. We had a calm, quiet discussion and in the end I said “we have to agree to disagree. I can see my side and yours, as can you, but on this we are not going to agree”. But I won since the parents’ rules win. :)
4. lizzee says:
Oh,so have been there! Wish it was over when they hit a certain age but find those talks are still common with my married daughter and myself. Moms must talk in tongues to our children’s ears. And the best retort they give is’You just don’t know!”
5. KTT says:
When I was in high school, and even college, I had such a hard time studying for math tests! I could study for anything else and do well, but I had no clue how to approach studying numbers, it just didn’t make sense to me. I used to do well in math until I got to high school and I actually had to study. Since I didn’t know what or how to study, I fell behind. I would talk to her teacher anyway and ask if she/he can give you tips on studying at night. Maybe they have notes they take or some extra problems to solve.
6. Naomi Seldin says:
I’m having flashbacks to when I was in high school, Tracy. My father was a lawyer — he argued for a living. Can you imagine trying to win a case against that?
7. Tracy Ormsbee says:
@Naomi: I should change my headline to ask, Can you win an argument with a teenager without a law degree. :)
8. maggie says:
@Naomi – more importantly, does he give lessons?
9. john says:
You cant win an argument with a woman. Why do you think you could with a teenager? Why do you suppose dads leave it up to moms? |
The first rule of Fruit Fly Fight Club: Flies can't talk about Fruit Fly Fight Club. Because they can't talk at all. At least not to humans.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School took a break from studying lobster fighting and shifted their focus to fruit fly fights, and even mutant fruit fly fights.
(Via The Annals of Improbable Research.)
Fruit flies are strange creatures. Or perhaps it's that fruit fly researchers are strange creatures.
One of my cousins was a fruit fly researcher. She took fruit fly testicles and squashed them and then studied them under a microscope, looking for... something... I forget. I think just finding the fruit fly testicles in the first place was accomplishment enough.
Fruit fly researchers like to give their discoveries strange names. Typically, a gene is named after what results when you disable it. For example, a gene without which fruit flies die in two days is named Kenny, after the South Park character.
My favorite: The gene without which fruit flies get drunk really easily is called cheap date. (That last page has several more funny gene names.)
Yes, that's right. Fruit flies get drunk. There's a fruit fly drunk-o-meter, though I forget how it works. But one amusing aspect of fruit fly drunkenness is that just before they finally pass out, there's a big burst of activity.
Strange gene naming has spread beyond the fruit fly world. There is a human gene named sonic hedgehog after the Sega video game character. (It's related to the fruit fly gene "hedgehog", so named because disabling it causes the fly to develop into a ball with spikes.) |
Well the answer is easy ..... No!? Or is it..... This is really a two fold statement.
We do not have a sequencer for NT 4.0. So basically you cannot sequence your application from NT 4.0 directly and put them straight into your Windows XP SoftGrid environment!
So if that's the case, how do I get my application from NT 4.0 to Sequenced Virtual Application and then deployed? Well, I hate to say it but there is no easy route! The main thing to understand is getting a process behind you to bring your application up to a specific level and then sequenced on a supportable platform such as Windows XP.
Application Compatability
Application Migration Process from NT 4.0 (High Level)
The above show this process around taking an old NT 4.0 application and passing it through the application compatibility toolkit. Now I am not saying this is the be all and end all but it certainly can be used as a good guide, or flow process you can leverage off!
The Application Compatibility Toolkit (ACT) enables software developers, independent software vendors (ISVs), and IT professionals who work in a corporate environment to determine, before rolling out within the organization, whether their applications are compatible with a new version of the Microsoft® Windows® operating system. ACT also enables such individuals to determine how an update to the new version will impact their applications.
You can use the ACT features to:
You can download it from here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=24DA89E9-B581-47B0-B45E-492DD6DA2971&displaylang=en
Once your application is to a stable state you can look to run through the sequencing wizards as per normal and capture your application.
The core benefit is that you are just trying to get this one suite of applications working! Not regression testing it against many others 1,2,4,8,16,32,64, etc etc application along side it.
This can help save you and your business valuable time and stop massive amounts of pain with your upgrades from NT 4.0 to XP/Vista! We know that there are many companies still going through these migrations, and in my humble opinion I hope that this helps you migrate more dynamically from these older legacy platforms. (Good luck to the lads up North! You know who you are :-) ) |
• By
Roberto Rodriguez
As they keep interest rates near historic lows, Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke and other U.S. officials are a borrower’s best friend. But for retirees and other income-oriented investors, the super-low rates are a financial nightmare.
Portfolio mainstays such as U.S. Treasury bonds and investment-grade corporate and municipal debt just aren’t producing enough income. That has prompted—or forced—many income investors to look farther afield. |
The Motley Fool Discussion Boards
Previous Page
Financial Planning / Tax Strategies
Subject: Re: private loan - details, details... Date: 8/4/2004 2:16 AM
Author: JAFO31 Number: 72734 of 120439
Foolferlove: "I'd like to take a loan out at the first bank of Lorenzo too. 4 percent sounds real good to me! Where should I send the application?
Actually, I do have a real question...Can I loan money to a family member and charge zero interest with an indefinite repayment period? Or is this kind of loan somehow a no-no since it can be used to get around gift taxes?"
IIRC, it can create phantom income for the lender (and potential gift tax issues if the loan is relatively large). My recollection is a bit hazy, but a believe that there is a de minimis exception for loan below a certain size (mayber 10k?); but in any event, if the loan is has a below market rate --- by reference to some applicable "federal funds" rate --- then the IRS will impute additional interest until the rate is at the "federal funds" rate the the lender needs to recognize phantom income (as if the interest were paid and then gifted).
For example (all numbers hypothetical) if Daddy Warbucks loans Warbucks Junior $800k at zero interest when the applicable rate should be 4%, then Daddy Warbucks is deemed to have 32k in phantom interest income (800k * [4% - 0% charged]) on which income tax is due and is also deemed to have made a gift of the 32k interest not collected, which is larger than the 11k annual exemption (or 22k if Daddy Warbucks is married), so a gift tax return would also be due, unless Warbucks, Jr. is married, too - because 32k less than 44k available from a married couple to another married couple.
One fo the resident pros will need to add the exact details and citation.
Regards, JAFO
|
and the want to beable to rate them and add 22 more or something like that ... i em a union guy so have to side with refs...who in there right mind wouldnt want a pension plan....thats what they have...and they want to make it a 401k from what i read heard it costs each team about 150 grand its peanuts |
video thumbnail
Lester is stellar in first win of season
CHICAGO -- A week ago, there was panic and there was outrage in the land known as Red Sox Nation. Manager Bobby Valentine went to his bullpen with an eight-run lead against the Yankees on national television, only to witness an implosion of epic proportions.
In other words, it's amazing how much things have changed for a team that is suddenly among the hottest in baseball.
This time, Valentine went to his relief crew for the final six outs with the narrowest of margins.
And they came through, leading the streaking Red Sox to a 1-0 win over the White Sox on Saturday night.
Boston has won six in a row -- all six victories coming in the aftermath of that blown 9-1 lead against the Yankees last Saturday.
"That's what they're going to do all year," said Adrian Gonzalez, who had the only RBI in the game. "We know that. For the first couple of weeks, as the guys [struggled], especially on a team like this where everything gets overblown, overdrawn, you start pressing a little bit, trying harder. As the season goes and you get into the flow of things, you just stop thinking about that and do what you can. That's what these guys are doing."
For the first time this season, Valentine's team is at .500. This, after a 4-10 start.
The strong relief performances of Franklin Morales, Vicente Padilla and Alfredo Aceves gave ace Jon Lester his first win.
"They're coming together," Valentine said. "You play the season to build the little parts of your team. I think the bullpen is coming together pretty nicely. Even though it's been Padilla-Morales, tonight it was Morales-Padilla and they got through that [eighth] inning nicely. Alfredo finished it off. But the 1-0 game is the toughest game to go to the bullpen, we all know that, especially on the road. You don't win a lot of games 1-0 on the road."
It was Boston's first 1-0 win since a 16-inning thriller at Tampa Bay on July 17 of last season.
For Lester, it was his first victory since Sept. 6, 2011.
"Well, sometime, either last night or today, he asked what he had to do," Valentine said. "I just said, 'Pitch like an ace, like Jon Lester is', and he pitched like an ace. He had both sides of the plate. Two-seamer away, cutter in. Had a good changeup. Very competitive. He was terrific."
And he needed to be. Lester's opponent was Jake Peavy, who pitched a complete game, only to get the tough-luck loss.
"Those games are fun. It's just a battle," Lester said. "I've been on the other end of those. You feel like you do everything you can to put your team in position to win, and the other guy just does a little bit more or you don't get the timely hitting or whatever. That was big tonight, grinding it out. Our hitters did a great job. Defense played awesome tonight. Those are more or less fun. Every win is important for a pitcher."
The Red Sox have gone a full turn through the rotation with every pitcher earning a win.
"When Josh [Beckett] won his game, we said maybe we'll put a string together," Valentine said. "Now we have them all winning. That's how you start building a real foundation of a team. Those other little things are just parts of a team but foundation is what those starters can do day in and day out. They're pretty good. I'll take those five that we're running out there right now."
Lester went seven innings, allowing five hits and no runs while walking one and striking out seven. He threw 122 pitches, 78 for strikes.
Then there was Peavy, who gave up four hits and one run, walking one and striking out seven.
"The ball bounced their way tonight," Peavy said. "We did all we could do. Lester was mighty good."
When Peavy buckled ever so slightly in the fourth, the Red Sox made him pay.
Ryan Sweeney started it, blooping one into right and hustling out of the box for a double.
"I knew if he didn't catch it that I would have a chance," Sweeney said. "I was just going to try to make something happen."
With one out, Gonzalez fought off a 2-2 fastball against Peavy, his former teammate in San Diego, and punched it into right for the RBI single.
"Fastballs in," Gonzalez said. "We go to 2-2 with fastballs in and I had a feeling he was going to stay with a fastball in and I just told myself, 'Get on top.' If he makes a good pitch down, offspeed down, then you have to tip your hat. I wasn't going to let him go up top again."
Lester held it right there, and handed it off to the bullpen.
After Morales and Padilla navigated their way through the eighth, on came Aceves. He was magnificent, mowing through the White Sox 1-2-3 and ending the game by striking out A.J. Pierzynski on a changeup.
"He was great," Valentine said. "You know, we talked to him that he doesn't always have to throw it 97 [mph]. Tonight, he threw some very effective fastballs at 94, 93, and then had his 96, 97. He pitched. He got the final strikeout with a changeup. That's what you have to do." |
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I read that Pope Benedict XVI is resigning. I don't know much about Catholic/papal authority as it relates to leading the Church, but as far as I can remember, a pope dies before another one takes the reigns. Apparently, this has happened before, but how does the living pope confer that authority to a successor, since he's still alive? Since he resigned, is his authority to lead the Catholic church removed from him, or how does that work?
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Yes, as the Pope said in his resignation speech, he gives up the office and it is for those whose duty it is to convoke the conclave and elect a successor — just as it would be if he had died.
As a cardinal, he's entitled to attend the conclave (but he probably won't) but he can't vote because he's over eighty.
share|improve this answer
Additionally, his papal ring will be destroyed, just as if he had died. I forget the source, but the analogy of death while still breathing is wholly correct. – Affable Geek Feb 13 '13 at 13:38
Yes, after he abdicates he has no say whatsoever in where authority passes thereafter. – mxyzplk Feb 13 '13 at 22:24
add comment
Jimmy Akin stated on his blog:
Pope Benedict may follow the pattern of previously resigned popes and spend the rest of his days in a monastery. Alternately, he may live quietly with his brother. Either way, he will do his best to stay out of the public eye so as to give his successor the freest hand possible. (This is the same thing that usually happens when a U.S. president leaves office; it’s traditional for him to more-or-less vanish, at least for a time.)
The papal authority is removed completely from the ex-pope. From wikipedia, I understood that his ring, seal etc. are destroyed as though he died, though it's not clearly stated there.
As Andrew Leach wrote, as a cardinal the ex-pope can attend conclave, but even if he was younger than eighty, he would be expected not to be very active in the election of his successor (part of the tradition of vanishing from public).
EDIT: according to what I found while researching answer for a related question, there is an aspect of the pope's role he maintains after resignation, or even after death: the obligation and authority to pray for the Church.
Another EDIT: as Cardinal Lombardi said, Joseph Ratzinger won't participate in the conclave. In Czech version the Vatican Radio goes to more details, such as that Ratzinger will no longer be a Cardinal, but I didn't find it in English.
share|improve this answer
It's on Vatican Insider Because this is entirely new -- the circumstances are rather different from Gregory XII -- I rather think that no-one, including the Curia, knows precisely what the procedures and protocols are. – Andrew Leach Feb 15 '13 at 8:13
add comment
Your Answer
|
Palestinian civilian death toll mounts as Israel targets militants in residential areas
• Article by: IBRAHIM BARZAK and KARIN LAUB , Associated Press
• Updated: November 19, 2012 - 6:24 AM
• 51
• Comments
• Results per page:
marketing guyNov. 18, 12 9:45 AM
How about making it clear that the Gaza Palestinian's hide the rocket launchers in schools, daycare centers, residential areas and places of worship? Israel is not indescriminate about these strikes.
budgrant00Nov. 18, 1210:13 AM
This is the sort of thing that happens when launching missiles from neighborhoods. Hamas makes the most of playing the sympathy card while using human shields. Also CNN and the BBC were showing falsified video of 'victims' yesterday, one guy was seen being carried aloft by rescuers only to to be seen later leading a demonstration none the worse for wear. Another poor 'victim' stopped the act a bit too soon and jumped off the stretcher before the director had called "cut" it would seem. Yes there are innocent victims in wars, but they are very useful victims for Hamas sadly.
money2145Nov. 18, 1210:52 AM
I think it's something that the US can have drones blast rebels and civilians and no one says much about it. But when Israeli rockets do the same thing, everyone gets up in arms. Hell, Israel has rockets being fired at it's people. What Nation on this earth would NOT fire back? Israel should tell the Government in Gasa that the first rocket that falls into any city and kills any people, the WAR will begin and Gasa will be totally taken over AND KEPT as Israeli land forever. NEVER to be given back. And if Egypt wants to join Hammus in the fighting, IT's territory will be kept too; NEVER to be given back. If they did that, Israel would be a LOT BIGGER NATION within a few years. And after those few years, Israel would be a lot safer because it's neighbors will realize they are going to lose ground and Israel will get bigger. There is NOT ONE OTHER COUNTRY that would allow rockets to be fired on itself without declaring war.
d434478Nov. 18, 1210:53 AM
Well...if hidden in homes, pick another target...there have to be plenty. Children are children everywhere...precious. ProIsrael...but also a elsewhere!
jjollmanNov. 18, 1211:53 AM
I suggest that people read the full history of the conflict before commenting.
budgrant00Nov. 18, 1211:54 AM
d434478..Target elsewhere? How does that work exactly when the targeted missiles are where the targeted missiles are placed amongst homes and schools? That said, last time Israel did refrain from taking out Hamas leadership when they were using human shields and arriving unannounced to sleep in random civilian homes.
owatonnabillNov. 18, 1211:55 AM
The fact that these brave jehadists need to hide behind womens' skirts and childrens' schools and day care centers says a lot.
budgrant00Nov. 18, 1212:05 PM
As for missiles in question they were smuggled in from Iran. Two ways into Gaza, through Egypt via the official entry points or the tunnels Israel took out a couple years ago. The other way is on relief and supply ships which Israel gets grief over searching. So we have Hamas and Iran going to great lengths to arm Gaza and launch randomly on Israel, and people can't understand why Gaza gets hit? So what would any other nation do in Israel's place when faced with a terrorist group backed openly by a soon to be nuked up Iran? I'm not sure what the anti Israel folks here expect? The settlement program is about creating defensible borders. If Israel could be assured they would never again need to defend it's self that land would be turned over, but the reality is that it will never be the case.
hobie2Nov. 18, 1212:08 PM
If you don't assassinate elected leaders and crow about it, you don't get rockets shot at you. You don't get rockets shot at you, you don't have to bomb apartment buildings... We knew this for decades, and we know that blaming the Palestinian family for their children dying for their allowing armed militants on their roofs is only done by fools and cowards, done by sociopaths so sick fools can swallow it and nod as to how it is justified.. but then, you are what you do. Little cowards will always be little cowards.
stingballNov. 18, 12 1:33 PM
And here we go again with the media falling into the hands of the Hamas terrorists, blaming Israel for killing civilians instead of accurately pointing out how Hamas provoked Israel into a confrontation. And not mentioning how the Hamas terrorists typically hide amongst civilians populations to keep from being target. The correct blame belongs on the Hamas terrorists who cowardly commit terrorist acts and hide within civilian populations, directly putting innocent civilians at risk. Interesting how often the media cannot scratch just a little bit beneath the surface and see the real truth.
Comment on this story |
|
IR Atmospheric Windows
The Universe sends us light at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, most of this light does not reach us at ground level here on Earth. Why? Because we have an atmosphere which blocks out many types of radiation while letting other types through. Fortunately for life on Earth, our atmosphere blocks out harmful, high energy radiation like X-rays, gamma rays and most of the ultraviolet rays. It also block out most infrared radiation, as well as very low energy radio waves. On the other hand, our atmosphere lets visible light, most radio waves, and small wavelength ranges of infrared light through, allowing astronomers to view the Universe at these wavelengths.
Most of the infrared light coming to us from the Universe is absorbed by water vapor and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. Only in a few narrow wavelength ranges, can infrared light make it through (at least partially) to a ground based infrared telescope.
The Earth's atmosphere causes another problem for infrared astronomers. The atmosphere itself radiates strongly in the infrared, often putting out more infrared light than the object in space being observed. This atmospheric infrared emission peaks at a wavelength of about 10 microns (micron is short for a micrometer or one millionth of a meter).
So the best view of the infrared universe, from ground based telescopes, are at infrared wavelengths which can pass through the Earth's atmosphere and at which the atmosphere is dim in the infrared. Ground based infrared observatories are usually placed near the summit of high, dry mountains to get above as much of the atmosphere as possible. Even so, most infrared wavelengths are completely absorbed by the atmosphere and never make it to the ground.
From the table below, you can see that only a few of the infrared "windows" have both high sky transparency and low sky emission. These infrared windows are mainly at infrared wavelengths below 4 microns.
Infrared Windows in the Atmosphere
Sky Transparency
Sky Brightness
1.1 - 1.4 microns
low at night
1.5 - 1.8 microns
very low
2.0 - 2.4 microns
very low
3.0 - 4.0 microns
3.0 - 3.5 microns: fair
3.5 - 4.0 microns: high
4.6 - 5.0 microns
7.5 - 14.5 microns
8 - 9 microns and 10 -12 microns: fair
others: low
very high
17 - 40 microns
17 - 25 microns: Q
28 - 40 microns: Z
very low
very high
330 - 370 microns
very low
Basically, everything we have learned about the Universe comes from studying the light or electromagnetic radiation emitted by objects in space. To get a complete picture of the Universe, we need to see it in all of its light, at all wavelengths. This is why it is so important to send observatories into space, to get above our atmosphere which prevents so much of this valuable information from reaching us.
Since most infrared light is blocked by our atmosphere, infrared astronomers have placed instruments onboard, rockets, balloons, aircraft and space telescopes to view regions of the infrared which are not detectable from the ground. As a result, amazing discoveries about our Universe have been made and hundreds of thousands of new astronomical sources have been detected for the first time.
Due to the rapid development of better infrared detectors and the ability to place telescopes in space, the future is extremely bright for infrared astronomy.
Ground based infrared observatories, using advanced techniques such as Adaptive Optics are providing fascinating views of the infrared Universe viewed through our atmosphere's infrared windows.
Mauna Kea Observatories
Although these observatories cannot view at other infrared wavelengths, they can observe the near-infrared sky almost anytime the weather permits, providing valuable long term studies of objects in space.
New missions are being planned to get above the atmosphere to observe the infrared Universe with better resolution than ever before. SOFIA, an airborne observatory, is schedule to start operations in 2004. The Spitzer Space Telescope, launched in August 2003, is NASA's next great observatory in space.
In the next decade, you will probably hear much news about discoveries being made in infrared astronomy, as we now can see beyond our atmosphere's infrared windows!
Infrared Astronomy HOME PAGE | Discovery of Infrared | What is Infrared? | Infrared Astronomy Overview | Atmospheric Windows | Near, Mid & Far Infrared | The Infrared Universe | Spectroscopy | Timeline | Background | Future Missions | News & Discoveries | Images & Videos | Activities | Infrared Links | Educational Links | Getting into Astronomy |
What are the chances you think the Boys will bring in Norv as OC?
Discussion in 'Fan Zone' started by scrives, Nov 2, 2012.
1. scrives
scrives Member
197 Messages
0 Likes Received
You think the Boys would bring in Norv Turner as OC if he gets caned in SD?
He would have this offense rolling and Tony playing a heck of alot better!! I think Jones would go for this. Heck, would even give him the title of assistant head coach.
2. Hostile
Hostile Peace Zone Supporter
117,913 Messages
641 Likes Received
I've been wondering the same thing. Garrett and he are very tight, but Callahan is our OC here along with OL Coach, and Norv coming might upset that applecart. I personally would love to see it.
I'm not convinced he's done in SD though.
3. Idgit
Idgit Ice up, son. Ice up! Staff Member
26,054 Messages
2,331 Likes Received
I hate to interrupt this private thread, but I believe Norv said SD was going to be his last coaching job when he took that position originally, didn't he? I can't see him being OC in Dallas, and I can't see us moving Callahan over. I think the Garrett/Callahan relationship seems to be working pretty well.
4. Hostile
Hostile Peace Zone Supporter
117,913 Messages
641 Likes Received
No privacy needed. Change the title. Anyone can chime in.
5. craig71
craig71 Aut Viam Inveniam Aut Faciam
2,575 Messages
1 Likes Received
If Norv was cut loose he might be willing to come in to consult, as a consultant he wouldn't have any formal coaching title. Didn't Capers do that a few years ago for the Pats?
6. CCBoy
CCBoy Active Member
13,343 Messages
1 Likes Received
To answer truthfully, and not an extension of purely theoretical. Zero. First, he won't be leaving San Diego before the end of this season. And their team usually picks up about this part of the season anyways. So he should be good for one more season there.
A head coach usually has his call as to who are his Coordinators. Jason Garrett chose this format and Jerry wouldn't pull the plug on Jason before a full three years as the head coach to begin with.
7. Idgit
Idgit Ice up, son. Ice up! Staff Member
26,054 Messages
2,331 Likes Received
I kind of like it intimate like this. Candles. A tablecloth. Just a mature football discussion amongst friends. And then me, craig, and CCBoy hanging out in the background playing the fart-game.
8. Seven
Seven Messenger to the football Gods
10,784 Messages
213 Likes Received
He wont come here 'cause jerry's an *******!!!
Sorry. Just keepin' it real.................. :cool:
9. arglebargle
arglebargle Well-Known Member
4,935 Messages
82 Likes Received
I suspect that the 'consultant' gig mentioned by craig is the most likely scenario for Norv heading back Dallas-ways.
10. Jenky
Jenky Well-Known Member
2,743 Messages
230 Likes Received
What would Jason Garrett do then?
11. Doomsday101
Doomsday101 Well-Known Member
73,361 Messages
776 Likes Received
I don't expect Dallas to go after Norv, they brought in a quality coach in Callahan as the OC.
12. fifaguy
fifaguy Well-Known Member
3,824 Messages
428 Likes Received
chances of this are less than zero (if such were possible)
13. Yeagermeister
Yeagermeister Active Member
47,576 Messages
8 Likes Received
So you are saying there is a chance? :D
14. fifaguy
fifaguy Well-Known Member
3,824 Messages
428 Likes Received
15. AbeBeta
AbeBeta Well-Known Member
24,472 Messages
336 Likes Received
year after year I am shocked that he keeps that job.
16. Nunez21
Nunez21 Active Member
233 Messages
43 Likes Received
would be nice. garret has his hands full during the game i remember the commentators mentioning he was trying to argue a call then almost forgot to get a play in!
17. CyberB0b
CyberB0b Well-Known Member
2,562 Messages
655 Likes Received
No thanks.
18. perrykemp
perrykemp Well-Known Member
4,931 Messages
882 Likes Received
Sure, let's bring back another coach from the glory years...
I am about as impressed with Norv as I am with Chan Gailey....
19. jobberone
jobberone Orangutan for hire; blues and southern rock Staff Member
32,960 Messages
1,616 Likes Received
You could make Callahan asst HC along with Robinson although that may be prohibited or make Robinson mad. You could make him passing coordinator and a big salary. Getting him here would be a plus but I'd rather have someone who could mix in the West Coast variant more or even some more Martz. Turner and Red are a good bit alike but there aren't many people who know enough to really answer that question with any authority.
Jason needs to mix things up more using our RBs like Martz, our WRs more like Walsh, and use Hanna and Witten more like Jason Garrett. Use Witten underneath and intermediate some and use Hanna more like Gates. He needs to vary the tempo of the game more and even occasionally use the hurry up and no huddle offense.
Share This Page |
case `uname -r` in 6.1*) shellflags="-m+65536" ;; esac case "$optimize" in # If we used fastmd (the default) integer values would be limited to 46 bits. # --Mark P. Lutz '') optimize="$optimize -h nofastmd" ;; esac # The default is to die in runtime on math overflows. # Let's not do that. --jhi ccflags="$ccflags -h matherror=errno" # Cray floating point (cfp) CPUs need -h rounddiv # (It gives int((2/3)*3) a chance to be 2, not 1. --jhi) # (but IEEE CPUs, IEEE/ieee/CPE1 CPUs should not have -h rounddiv, # since the compiler on those CPUs doesn't even support the option.) if /etc/cpu -i | grep -q cfp then ccflags="$ccflags -h rounddiv" fi # Avoid an optimizer bug where a volatile variables # isn't correctly saved and restored --Mark P. Lutz pp_ctl_cflags='ccflags="$ccflags -h scalar0 -h vector0"' # Otherwise the unpack %65c checksums will fail. pp_pack_cflags='optimize="$ccflags -h scalar0 -h vector0"' case "$usemymalloc" in '') # The perl malloc.c SHOULD work says Ilya. # But for the time being (5.004_68), alas, it doesn't. --jhi # usemymalloc='y' # ccflags="$ccflags -DNO_RCHECK" usemymalloc='n' ;; esac # Configure gets fooled for some reason, these do not exist. d_getpgid='undef' d_setitimer='undef' # These exist but do not really work. d_setregid='undef' d_setreuid='undef' # No shared libraries. so='none' # Threads call-back unit. cat > UU/usethreads.cbu <<'EOCBU' # This script UU/usethreads.cbu will get 'called-back' by Configure # after it has prompted the user for whether to use threads. case "$usethreads" in $define|true|[yY]*) set `echo X "$libswanted "| sed -e "s/ c / pthread c /"` shift libswanted="$*" ;; esac EOCBU |
dealsjamaica vacation: flight + 3 nights @ all…
Please no more travel deals Woot, they aren't real deals for the vast majority.
@wisenekt: Travelzoo usually has pretty good deals imo. May I ask why you feel they are not? Not flaming, just curious as I happen to love the site and was wondering if you had found better deals elsewhere. If so, share! :)
Does Woot post travel offers as a scapegoat for downvotes to protect the other offers?
3 nights is not a vacation. just saying.
@kerowyn: Travelzoo tends to be an ad-plagued dungeon of forcing-you-to-search-on-other-sites-through-them-so-they-get-commissions... uhhhh... -itude.
Nine times out of ten, the travel deals posted here have been thinly veiled timeshare scams, very restrictive on location (Fly to Honolulu for $49!* *Only if departing from Oahu. From LA, $1,099. DC, $35,983), or ad-plagued dungeons of see-above.
This one seems to be another of the third category with some of the first mixed in. The price listed is if leaving from Ft Lauderdale. For me in DC, it was about double the listed... if I even had the right package, it was hard to be sure.
@jai151 You are right on the money there!
I clicked on it, and couldn't even tell where the real deal was. Also I saw several times "Airfare estimated" So this doesn't really mean much for the money its advertising...
@solo154: I was so lost trying to navigate the site I got my order mixed up in my comment. I meant to say third with some of the second, didn't see any timeshare stuff there but plenty of misleading rates, including one listed with New York in the search box under but the rate was from Florida.
@jai151: I got a Bahamas all inclusive deal from them and it was fine as well as several local deals. Yeah, I had to fly to Ft. Lauderdale to make it worth it, but it was still a good deal. 400 bucks for a 3 day thing, and an extra 200 for my additional airfare from LA. No timeshare talks were even mentioned.
The whole point of their site is so you don't have to search for vacation deals yourself. I don't think they are particularly deceptive about restrictions or anything. It seems a little harsh to call it a dungeon.
I swear to goodness...if there is ever a vacation deal that y'all don't vote down into oblivion, I'm going to have to jump on it because it'll be a deal for real!!! |
As a farmer, more money passes through your hands each year than goes through a local county official’s re-election campaign. So, if something tragic were to happen to you, who would pay those bills to the bank, the equipment manufacturer, and the chemical seed dealer? And, what would it take to settle those accounts in full?
The answer, according to one independent insurance agent, is as much a personal choice as it is a matter of finance.
While some industry experts advocate carrying life insurance policies equal to 10 or 15 times your annual income, Mike Anderson of Anderson Insurance in Indianola, Miss., said, "There is no particular formula to determine exactly how much life insurance you need."
In today’s environment, he said, owning a million dollars or more of life insurance is very common. But, to be truthful, it’s never really enough when something happens. You should base your level of coverage on your personal financial goals, which may include your children’s education or the desire to provide lifetime income security for your family.
"As a farmer, you should definitely choose a level of coverage that will, at the very minimum, cover your crop and equipment loans, so that if something happens to you mid-season, your family is protected and a fire sale is avoided," he said.
The first step in determining how much insurance is right for you, Anderson said, is to answer a few simple questions.
o Is someone, including your local lending official, requiring that you secure a set amount of life insurance in order to obtain a business loan?
o How much money does it realistically take you to farm each year?
o Are you married? How many children do you have?
o What are your concerns for your family if something were to happen to you? Do you want to guarantee your children’s education? Do you want to guarantee a lifetime income for your spouse?
o What is your greatest monetary concern if something happens to you?
Once you’ve taken the time to answer these questions and now know how much life insurance you want to purchase, the next step is determining what type of insurance best fits your individual goals.
Selecting a type of insurance, Anderson said, is based on three things: your budget, your comfort level for risk, and your desire to either rent or own your insurance.
"Do you want a return on your money or do you just want pure term insurance?" he asks. "Pure term will always be the most economical coverage available. However, the more expensive permanent coverage policies, including universal life, whole life and variable life, build equity."
"Each of the insurance products offers its own distinct advantages and disadvantages," Anderson said. "Some people purchase term policies because they feel like that’s all they can afford to spend. Some people have a difficult time saving money, and the whole, universal and variable life policies are a forced savings for them."
The primary advantage to term life insurance, whether you choose an annual renewal policy or a fixed 20-year policy, is price. "You are getting more bang for the buck because term policies offer the least expensive premiums per $1,000 in coverage," he said. "The disadvantage to term is that if you outlive the 10- or 20-year period of the term policy and still need the same amount of coverage, it will cost you more."
Whole life, variable life and universal life policies build cash values that can provide money for future needs. The consumer accepts the risk of cash value growth with the variable life product; the company accepts the risk with whole life and universal life contracts.
With both whole life and universal life policies, the policy’s "cash value" is determined by the company, based on either whatever measure the company is using to index the cash value or a minimum guarantee.
And, while the two types of coverage share many of the same characteristics, whole life policies offer a fixed premium, and universal life policies offer some flexibility in premium costs.
"The premium for whole life is generally more expensive, but this type of policy offers stronger guarantees," Anderson said. "The advantage to universal life coverage is that you can control the amount of premium you pay, as long as you pay the company’s minimum premium. However, that’s also the disadvantage to universal coverage because it’s human nature to pay as little as possible, which can jeopardize your insurance coverage down the road and can cause your premiums to increase."
In comparison, variable life insurance offers a greater opportunity for "cash value" growth. Along with this opportunity comes risk.
"We can all understand risk as we reflect over the past 18 months," Anderson said. "Variable means exactly what it said. Your cash value will vary according to your selections of stock market sub-accounts offered by that particular company."
The only guarantees offered by a variable life insurance policy are the maximum mortality charges and the maximum expenses of the policy.
"In the past few years, this type of coverage has been attractive to those people seeking greater opportunity for growth. There are many people who only want term and then there are those who believe cash value policies are the best. What is comfortable for me, may not be comfortable for you," Anderson said.
"We’ve all been told it’s better to own a house than to rent because when you own a house you build equity. It is equity that allows us to make a second mortgage when money is needed for education or a new car. If you hadn’t built that equity you might not have been able to come up with those extra dollars," he adds. "Also, if we knew when we were going to die, we would know exactly what coverage to buy. That is why they call it life insurance." |
I'm trying to generate an application information file with AIF builder. I have managed to set all the necessary paths and other things but when I try to generate files I get the following error message.
"Files cannot be generated - error occured creating AIF file. Check that aiftool.exe is accessible"
What is wrong? What means that aiftool.exe is accessible? I have aiftool.exe in <path>\Epoc32\Release\winc\udeb and in <path>\Epoc32\Release\winc\urel.
Posted by Markus Ritala, [email protected]
on January 14, 2002 at 12:52 |
Cambridge Dictionaries online Cambridge Dictionaries online
Definición de “hold” en inglés
noun /həʊld/
[S] power or control over someone or something: a hold over sb/sth With the new law, Congress strengthened its hold over mortgage rates.a hold on sth They're keeping their strong hold on the smartphone market. a strong/tight hold keep/tighten/lose your hold
[C or U] STOCK MARKET a suggestion that someone should not sell the shares that they own in a company, but that they should not buy any new shares: Analysts changed "buys" to "holds" after the annual report appeared. We have recently downgraded our recommendation for the Forest Group to "Hold". → See also hold rating
[C] BANKING a delay by a bank to prevent money from being taken from an account: It took three days for the hold on the payment to be cleared.
[C] TRANSPORT the place on a ship or aircraft where goods are carried: Inspectors examined the hold to look for stowaways.
on hold not being done now, but perhaps being done later: Any new building has been put on hold until the economy improves. not changing or moving: The dollar is on hold at the same level it was at a year ago. COMMUNICATIONS waiting for someone to return to or to begin a phone conversation: Technical support had me on hold for 20 minutes while they researched my question. I'll just put you on hold while I ask my manager about this.
take hold to start to have an effect: New stimulus funds took hold in time to keep unemployment low.
(Definition of hold noun from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Más sobre la pronunciación de hold
Definiciones de “hold” en otros diccionarios
Palabra del día
Palabra del día
Lee nuestro blog sobre cómo funciona el inglés
Aprende más
Palabras nuevas
Aprende más |
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am building a new patio/sunroom, and I have framed up a small shear wall, along with openings for 2 new 4x6 windows. As I tried to install the windows today, I realize that the openings are out of square. One opening is not allowing the top of the window to sit into the opening by 1/8 inch, and I don't have enough slack on the other side to bring it up.
The other opening next to it, is out of square too far to one side. So I will need to put in more than shims to make it attach.
Any practical suggestions?
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
Rough openings are exactly as they are called, rough. Yours sounds extra rough though. All rough openings are made to have space to add shims, sometimes the rough openings, because of conditions, can only take shims on one side or the other.
As a rule of thumb I usually do not use no more than 2 shims on a side. If the rough opening (RO) has need for more, I usually add a piece of plywood to bring the opening down where 2 shims will work on a given side. There is no rule that says the plywood has to be the full length of the opening. I also rip my plywood filler 1/4" narrower than the RO material. Dimensional lumber shrinks, and this smaller dimension keeps the plywood from giving you trouble later on.
Edit 12-31-13 I need to clarify the shim statement. The 2 shims I refer to is, per placement. I use what is called undercoursing shingles used in roofing. They need to be made narrower, whether split, razor knifed, or table sawn. You get a lot for the money. The ones in the little packs aren't even uniform in their taper. There will obviously be a number of placements per side, depending on how large any given item is to be fastened.
On the opening that is too small at the top, if it is a non bearing wall, you may be able to remove the jack stud and replace it with thinner material. If it is a bearing wall, a picture would be handy to see what the conditions are. It may be as simple as using a chisel to trim the little you need to get the window in. It may only need a good smack with the hammer to shift the framing enough to get the window in. A couple well placed 12D-16D toenails may help too. Give it a whack, literally.
I can't determine anymore to do without seeing the conditions. Bearing, non bearing, jack studs, common studs etc...
Also check the ends of the wall that the windows are in, the wall may have racked, which in turn will make your ROs out of square.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer
|
Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am talking about those small and narrow screwdrivers with a thin handle. I can't get a tight enough grip on the handle to generate enough torque to remove a small screw. Do I have to use something else with it?
share|improve this question
This question belongs on SuperUser,with a title like "how do I remove the screws on a MacBook Pro? – Jay Bazuzi Oct 21 '11 at 2:11
No the question is still valid. How do you apply torque on needle like scewdriver? – Johny Oct 21 '11 at 6:36
Really Baz? Nothing better to do? – Evil Elf Oct 21 '11 at 14:04
Yea those screw drivers are used for clocks, watches and jewellery where very little torque is required! Those are tinkering screw drivers-- and as you have witnessed not designed for the job you want them for. Get those @Niall Suggested. – ppumkin Oct 21 '11 at 16:32
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
There are precision screwdrivers available that have larger handles, such as this one from Home Depot:
Home depot precision screwdriver set
In general, you press down on the tip while you screw in or out: this helps to hold the screwdriver in the slots in the screw head and allows you to use more force to turn the screw.
share|improve this answer
I happened to buy the exact same one (without knowing about the answer). They did a great job. You need philip head #00. #000 wont do it. – Johny Oct 21 '11 at 6:32
I'd recommend against -interchangeable- precision screwdrivers with plastic parts, especially if you need extra torque. I've had sets like this break on me. I prefer the all metal sets now. – Hemm Oct 24 '11 at 0:10
add comment
Use a pair of pliers to grab the screwdriver, and while applying downward force to the screwdriver (so it doesn't slip and strip your screws), carefully apply pressure using the pliers.
share|improve this answer
I was thinking on the same idea but if you are working with laptop, avoid this method as it can easily scratch the laptop surface. The above pair does a very nice job. – Johny Oct 21 '11 at 6:35
I agree. It's better to have the right tools (bigger handles), but in a pinch pilers will work. You do absolutely have to be careful though, as you do no matter what tools you're using to work on anything you don't want to break. – gregmac Oct 21 '11 at 16:26
add comment
Your Answer
|
Asymmetrical learning between a tactile and visual serial RT task
Abrahamse, Elger L. and Lubbe van der, Rob H.J. and Verwey, Willem B. (2007) Asymmetrical learning between a tactile and visual serial RT task. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61 (2). pp. 210-217. ISSN 1747-0218
Restricted to UT campus only
: Request a copy
Abstract:According to many researchers, implicit learning in the serial reaction-time task is predominantly motor based and therefore should be independent of stimulus modality. Previous research on the task, however, has focused almost completely on the visual domain. Here we investigated sequence learning when the imperative stimuli were presented tactilely to the fingers. Learning in this task was compared to sequence learning in a typical visual task, using very similar experimental conditions. The results indicate that sequential learning occurs in the tactile task, though to a lesser degree than in its visual counterpart. Furthermore, there was similar cross-modal transfer in both directions, meaning that transfer from the visual to the tactile task was partial. It is proposed that sequence learning involves a stimulus-specific component in the visual but not in the tactile task.
Item Type:Article
Copyright:© 2007 The Experimental Psychology Society
Behavioural Sciences (BS)
Research Group:
Link to this item:
Official URL:
Export this item as:BibTeX
HTML Citation
Reference Manager
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Metis ID: 243471 |
Skip Headers
Oracle® Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux
Go to Documentation Home
Go to Book List
Book List
Go to Table of Contents
Go to Index
Go to Master Index
Master Index
Go to Feedback page
Contact Us
Go to previous page
Go to next page
PDF · Mobi · ePub
E How to Complete Installation Prerequisite Tasks Manually
This appendix provides instructions for how to complete configuration tasks manually that Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) and the installer (OUI) normally complete during installation. Use this appendix as a guide if you cannot use the fixup script.
This appendix contains the following information:
E.1 Configuring SSH Manually on All Cluster Nodes
Passwordless SSH configuration is a mandatory installation requirement. SSH is used during installation to configure cluster member nodes, and SSH is used after installation by configuration assistants, Oracle Enterprise Manager, OPatch, and other features.
Automatic Passwordless SSH configuration using OUI creates RSA encryption keys on all nodes of the cluster. If you have system restrictions that require you to set up SSH manually, such as using DSA keys, then use this procedure as a guide to set up passwordless SSH.
In the examples that follow, the Oracle software owner listed is the grid user.
If SSH is not available, then OUI attempts to use rsh and rcp instead. However, these services are disabled by default on most Linux systems.
The supported version of SSH for Linux distributions is OpenSSH.
This section contains the following:
E.1.1 Checking Existing SSH Configuration on the System
To determine if SSH is running, enter the following command:
$ pgrep sshd
If SSH is running, then the response to this command is one or more process ID numbers. In the home directory of the installation software owner (grid, oracle), use the command ls -al to ensure that the .ssh directory is owned and writable only by the user.
You need either an RSA or a DSA key for the SSH protocol. RSA is used with the SSH 1.5 protocol, while DSA is the default for the SSH 2.0 protocol. With OpenSSH, you can use either RSA or DSA. The instructions that follow are for SSH1. If you have an SSH2 installation, and you cannot use SSH1, then refer to your SSH distribution documentation to configure SSH1 compatibility or to configure SSH2 with DSA.
E.1.2 Configuring SSH on Cluster Nodes
To configure SSH, you must first create RSA or DSA keys on each cluster node, and then copy all the keys generated on all cluster node members into an authorized keys file that is identical on each node. Note that the SSH files must be readable only by root and by the software installation user (oracle, grid), as SSH ignores a private key file if it is accessible by others. In the examples that follow, the DSA key is used.
You must configure SSH separately for each Oracle software installation owner that you intend to use for installation.
To configure SSH, complete the following:
E.1.2.1 Create SSH Directory, and Create SSH Keys On Each Node
Complete the following steps on each node:
1. Log in as the software owner (in this example, the grid user).
2. To ensure that you are logged in as grid, and to verify that the user ID matches the expected user ID you have assigned to the grid user, enter the commands id and id grid. Ensure that Oracle user group and user and the user terminal window process you are using have group and user IDs are identical. For example:
$ id
uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(grid,asmadmin,asmdba)
$ id grid
3. If necessary, create the .ssh directory in the grid user's home directory, and set permissions on it to ensure that only the oracle user has read and write permissions:
$ mkdir ~/.ssh
$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh
SSH configuration will fail if the permissions are not set to 700.
4. Enter the following command:
$ /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa
At the prompts, accept the default location for the key file (press Enter).
SSH with passphrase is not supported for Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 and later releases.
This command writes the DSA public key to the ~/.ssh/ file and the private key to the ~/.ssh/id_dsa file.
Never distribute the private key to anyone not authorized to perform Oracle software installations.
5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 on each node that you intend to make a member of the cluster, using the DSA key.
E.1.2.2 Add All Keys to a Common authorized_keys File
Complete the following steps:
1. On the local node, change directories to the .ssh directory in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner's home directory (typically, either grid or oracle).
Then, add the DSA key to the authorized_keys file using the following commands:
$ cat >> authorized_keys
$ ls
In the ssh directory, you should see the keys that you have created, and the file authorized_keys.
2. On the local node, use SCP (Secure Copy) or SFTP (Secure FTP) to copy the authorized_keys file to the oracle user .ssh directory on a remote node. The following example is with SCP, on a node called node2, with the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner grid, where the grid user path is /home/grid:
[grid@node1 .ssh]$ scp authorized_keys node2:/home/grid/.ssh/
You are prompted to accept a DSA key. Enter Yes, and you see that the node you are copying to is added to the known_hosts file.
When prompted, provide the password for the grid user, which should be the same on all nodes in the cluster. The authorized_keys file is copied to the remote node.
Your output should be similar to the following, where xxx represents parts of a valid IP address:
The authenticity of host 'node2 ( can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 7e:60:60:ae:40:40:d1:a6:f7:4e:zz:me:a7:48:ae:f6:7e.
Warning: Permanently added 'node1,' (dsa) to the list
of known hosts
grid@node2's password:
authorized_keys 100% 828 7.5MB/s 00:00
3. Using SSH, log in to the node where you copied the authorized_keys file. Then change to the .ssh directory, and using the cat command, add the DSA keys for the second node to the authorized_keys file, clicking Enter when you are prompted for a password, so that passwordless SSH is set up:
[grid@node1 .ssh]$ ssh node2
[grid@node2 grid]$ cd .ssh
[grid@node2 ssh]$ cat >> authorized_keys
Repeat steps 2 and 3 from each node to each other member node in the cluster.
When you have added keys from each cluster node member to the authorized_keys file on the last node you want to have as a cluster node member, then use scp to copy the authorized_keys file with the keys from all nodes back to each cluster node member, overwriting the existing version on the other nodes.
To confirm that you have all nodes in the authorized_keys file, enter the command more authorized_keys, and determine if there is a DSA key for each member node. The file lists the type of key (ssh-dsa), followed by the key, and then followed by the user and server. For example:
ssh-dsa AAAABBBB . . . = grid@node1
The grid user's /.ssh/authorized_keys file on every node must contain the contents from all of the /.ssh/ files that you generated on all cluster nodes.
E.1.3 Enabling SSH User Equivalency on Cluster Nodes
After you have copied the authorized_keys file that contains all keys to each node in the cluster, complete the following procedure, in the order listed. In this example, the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner is named grid:
1. On the system where you want to run OUI, log in as the grid user.
2. Use the following command syntax, where hostname1, hostname2, and so on, are the public host names (alias and fully qualified domain name) of nodes in the cluster to run SSH from the local node to each node, including from the local node to itself, and from each node to each other node:
[grid@nodename]$ ssh hostname1 date
[grid@nodename]$ ssh hostname2 date
For example:
[grid@node1 grid]$ ssh node1 date
The authenticity of host 'node1 (' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 7z:60:60:zz:48:48:z1:a0:f7:4e.
Warning: Permanently added 'node1,' (DSA) to the list of
known hosts.
Mon Dec 4 11:08:13 PST 2006
[grid@node1 grid]$ ssh date
The authenticity of host ' (' can't be
Warning: Permanently added ',' (DSA) to the
list of known hosts.
Mon Dec 4 11:08:13 PST 2006
[grid@node1 grid]$ ssh node2 date
Mon Dec 4 11:08:35 PST 2006
At the end of this process, the public host name for each member node should be registered in the known_hosts file for all other cluster nodes.
If you are using a remote client to connect to the local node, and you see a message similar to "Warning: No xauth data; using fake authentication data for X11 forwarding," then this means that your authorized keys file is configured correctly, but your SSH configuration has X11 forwarding enabled. To correct this issue, proceed to "Setting Display and X11 Forwarding Configuration".
3. Repeat step 2 on each cluster node member.
If you have configured SSH correctly, then you can now use the ssh or scp commands without being prompted for a password. For example:
[grid@node1 ~]$ ssh node2 date
Mon Feb 26 23:34:42 UTC 2009
[grid@node1 ~]$ ssh node1 date
Mon Feb 26 23:34:48 UTC 2009
If any node prompts for a password, then verify that the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file on that node contains the correct public keys, and that you have created an Oracle software owner with identical group membership and IDs.
E.2 Configuring Kernel Parameters
This section contains the following:
The kernel parameter and shell limit values shown in the following section are recommended values only. For production database systems, Oracle recommends that you tune these values to optimize the performance of the system. Refer to your operating system documentation for more information about tuning kernel parameters.
E.2.1 Minimum Parameter Settings for Installation
During installation, or when you run the Cluster Verification Utility (cluvfy) with the flag -fixup, a fixup script is generated. This script updates required kernel packages if necessary to minimum values.
If you cannot use the fixup scripts, then review the following table to set values manually:
Parameter Value File
semmsl semmns semopm semmni 250 32000 100 128 /proc/sys/kernel/sem
shmmax Minimum allocation:
536870912 (512 MB)
Maximum allocation:
• Linux x86: At least 1 byte less than 4 GB, or 4294967295.
Recommended: More than half the physical memory.
• Linux x86-64: At least 1 byte less than the physical memory
Recommended: More than half the physical memory
See My Oracle Support Note 567506.1 for additional information about configuring shmmax.
shmmni 4096 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
shmall 2097152 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
file-max 6815744 /proc/sys/fs/file-max
ip_local_port_range Minimum: 9000
Maximum: 65500
rmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
rmem_max 4194304 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
wmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
wmem_max 1048576 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
aio-max-nr 1048576 /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
If the current value for any parameter is greater than the value listed in this table, then the Fixup scripts do not change the value of that parameter.
E.2.2 Additional Parameter and Kernel Settings for SUSE Linux
On SUSE systems only, complete the following steps as needed:
1. Enter the following command to cause the system to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts:
# /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
2. On SUSE 10 systems only, use a text editor to change the /etc/sysconfig/boot.sysctl parameter RUN_PARALLEL flag from yes to no.
3. Enter the GID of the oinstall group as the value for the parameter /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. Doing this grants members of oinstall a group permission to create shared memory segments.
For example, where the oinstall group GID is 501:
# echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
After running this command, use vi to add the following text to /etc/sysctl.conf, and enable the boot.sysctl script to run on system restart:
Only one group can be defined as the vm.hugetlb_shm_group.
4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 on all other nodes in the cluster.
E.3 Checking OCFS2 Version Manually
To check your OCFS version manually, enter the following commands:
modinfo ocfs2
rpm -qa |grep ocfs2
Ensure that ocfs2console and ocfs2-tools are at least version 1.2.7, and that the other OCFS2 components correspond to the pattern ocfs2-kernel_version-1.2.7 or greater. If you want to install Oracle RAC on a shared home, then the OCFS version must be 1.4.1 or greater.
For information about OCFS2, refer to the following Web site: |
System Administration Guide, Volume 1
How to See If a File System Needs Checking
1. Become superuser.
2. Unmount the file system if it is mounted.
# umount /mount-point
3. Check the file system.
# fsck -m /dev/rdsk/device-name
In this command, the state flag in the superblock of the file system you specify is checked to see whether the file system is clean or requires checking.
If you omit the device argument, all the UFS file systems listed in /etc/vfstab with a fsck pass value greater than 0 are checked.
Example--Seeing If a File System Needs Checking
The following example shows that the file system needs checking.
# fsck -m /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6
** /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6
ufs fsck: sanity check: /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6 needs checking |
]> <emph>The First Dixie Reader; Designed to Follow the Dixie Primer:</emph> Electronic Edition. Marinda Branson Moore, 1829-1864 Funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services supported the electronic publication of this title. Text scanned (OCR) by Jason Befort Images scanned by Jason Befort Text encoded by Melissa Edwards and Natalia Smith First edition, 1999 ca. 100K Academic Affairs Library, UNC-CH University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1999.
Call number VC375.428 M82f.1 (North Carolina Collection, UNC-CH) The First Dixie Reader; Designed to Follow the Dixie Primer.Mrs. M. B. Moore Raleigh:Branson, Farrar, & Co.1863
All em dashes are encoded as —
Indentation in lines has not been preserved.
Running titles have not been preserved.
Library of Congress Subject Headings, 21st edition, 1998
Textbooks -- Confederate States of America. Readers (Primary) Education -- Confederate States of America. Confederate States of America -- Juvenile literature. 1999-11-30, Celine Noel and Wanda Gunther revised TEIHeader and created catalog record for the electronic edition. 1999-08-31, Natalia Smith, project manager, finished TEI-conformant encoding and final proofing. 1999-08-31, Melissa Maxwell Edwards finished TEI/SGML encoding 1999-08-24, Jason Befort finished scanning (OCR) and proofing.
[Cover Image]
[Title Page Image]
[Title Page Verso Image]
FIRST DIXIE READER. LESSON I. Cat bat fat mat pat rat bet get fet met pet set bit dit fit lit pit sit cot dot got lot pot sot cut gut mut put nut sut A NEW BOOK.
2. I cannot read well; but I can spell.
3. If you love to spell you will soon read.
LESSON II. Ban can fan man pan tan ben den fen hen men pen bin din fin kin pin tin bun dun fun gun pun tun THE NEW SLATE.
3. Does he write with a pen?
LESSON III. Cab gab jab nab tab rab deb feb neb peb reb web bib fib jib nib rib sib bob cob hob job lob mob dub cub hub lub rub tub WHO MADE YOU?
1. Who made you, child?
2. God made me of dust.
3. For what did he make you?
4. To be good, and to do good.
5. Who loves good boys and girls?
6. Pa, and ma, and all good men.
7. Who else loves them?
8. God loves them.
9. Can you be good of yourself?
10. No, I must ask God to help me.
11. Will God hear a child pray?
12. He says he will.
LESSON IV. Ball Call fall gall hall pall bell dell fell hell sell tell bill gill fill hill pill mill doll coll joll moll poll toll dull cull gull hull mull null THE SUN.
LESSON V. Art dart hart mart part tart end bend lend mend send tend bone cone hone lone pone tone dine fine mine pine tine vine THE NEW HAT.
2. Who made it?
3. Jane made it of wheat straw.
LESSON VI. Ask bask cask mask task best jest lest pest test irk dirk kirk mirk quirk bunk hunk junk punk sunk THE FROG.
LESSON VII. Bale cale dale gale pale bale bile file mile pile tile wile bole dole cole hole mole pole use cuse fuse muse ruse tuse THE OWL.
5. The owl cries “who, who, who,” at night.
LESSON VIII. And band land mand rand sand end bend lend mend send tend bind find hind kind mind wind old cold fold gold mold sold THE COLT.
LESSON IX. Back hack jack lack nack pock beck deck check peck reck wreck dick chick kick lick pick sick dock hock lock mock pock sock THE MOON.
LESSON X. Bark dark hark lark mark park berk derk jerk merk perk yerk cork dork fork pork work york duck buck luck muck puck tuck THE PIG.
LESSON XI. Barn darn earn tarn varn yarn bern cern fern kern tern vern born corn born morn torn worn burn furn churn hurn spurn turn THE CROW.
LESSON XII. Arm charm farm harm marm warm end bend fend lend pend vend dine fine kine line mine pine cake hake jake pake wake yake TIME TO GET UP.
LESSON XIII. Deep keep peep sleep steep weep deed feed heed meed speed seed beer deer cheer jeer leer peer beet feet meet greet street weet THE EAR.
LESSON XIV. All ball call hall fall Pall ell bell cell fell hell mell ill bill dill hill mill pill doll coll holl goll loll moll dull cull gull hull mull THE CALF.
LESSON XV. Loud proud shroud ounce bounce trounce bound found hound mound pound round burn churn spurn turn fume plume OUR BABE.
LESSON XVI. Chair fair hair lair pair stair bain dain fain main pain vain bean dean lean mean pean wean car dear fear hear near tear OLD AUNT ANN.
LESSON XVII. Bang dang fang hang pang rang ding cling fling ring sing wing dong gong long prong song wrong bung clung hung lung rung sung HOW IT RAINS!
1. Ma, where do the rain drops come from?
2. They drop from the clouds, my child.
3. But how do they get up there?
4. Do you know what fog is?
5. It is fine drops of rain.
LESSON XVIII. Bare dare fare hare pare tare cere here fere mere vere were ire dire hire fire mire sire ore bore core fore more dore THE NEW CAP.
LESSON XIX. Daw caw haw jaw paw saw dew few hew mew pew sew bow cow how mow plow vow dog cat fox calf colt dolt DO NOT DRINK A DRAM.
LESSON XX. Bass cass glass mass pass rass bees cess less mess guess tress boss dross gloss loss moss ross buss fuss guss muss russ truss THE STARS.
LESSON XXI. Free tree spree flee glee boo coo loo moo too bush Cush push rush brush eye bye lye rye sye KA-TY DID.
3. No; please tell me, ma-ma.
5. How strange! Can I see her sing ?
6. No, she sings at night.
LESSON XXII. Com-pel dis-pel ex-pel re-pel pro rel co-pel dis-til ex-til un-til ful-fil un-fill re-fill ja-pan tre-pan tro-jan rat-an di van co-man A CROSS GIRL.
LESSON XXIII. Bri-ar fri-ar li-ar pry-or may-or pray-er sa-go bu-bo ty-ro ha-lo ne-gro un-to ci-der ri-der sni-der ud-der rud-der shud-der SPRING.
LESSON XXIV. Dap per clap-per flap-per lap-per tap-per sap-per sel-ler wel-ler shel-ler spel-ler tel-ler dwel-ler bet-ter let-ter fet-ter get-ter set-ter tet-ter THE GOOD GIRL.
4. When three years old, she would go to her mam-ma, and say, “'Ell me, mam-ma;” then she would put her head down in her lap, and say her lit-tle pray-ers.
LESSON XXVI. Bain dain fain gain lain pain bean dean jean lean mean wean loan moan groan roan moon spoon dume fume gume lume hume tume THE SHEEP.
LESSON XXVIII. Ca-ble fa-ble ga-ble ra-ble sta-ble ta-ble fid-dle mid-dle pid-dle gig-gle pig-gle wrig-gle nod-dle tod-dle scut-tle tut-tle tur-tle myr-tle OLD BALL.
3. He was so large that when the children rode him, they look-ed like frogs, and they often kept as much noise.
LESSON XXIX. A-base de-base in-case mis-place e-rase em-brace dis-claim pro-claim re-claim de-claim ex-claim en-chain com-mand de-mand re-mand fore-hand by-hand off-hand GOD SEES US.
LESSON XXX. Ban-quet gus-set rus-set pos set vel-vet pal-let bra-ver cra-ver do-ver tro-ver clo-ver ro-ver quiv-er riv-er shiv-er sil-ver un-der blun-der UNCLE NED.
2. They liv-ed near the Yan-kee lines, and when the Yan-kee ar-my come, old Ned and his wife and chil-dren, went a-way with them.
5. The mas-ter did not. know what to think of see-ing old Ned alone, so he said “Ned, how come you to leave Nan-ny and the chil-dren?”
6. Ned re-plied, Ah, mas-sa, dem Yan-kee no be good to poor nig-ger, can't stay wid nm. Ned lib wid you all his life.”
7. Then Ned and his mas-ter were both glad; he went to work; but he pray-ed ev-ery day for God to send Nan-ny and the ba-bies back. I hope they have come back ere this.
8. Ned says “he wants eb -ry nig-ger to stay at home and mind his work, and let dem Yan-kees do der own work.”
LESSON XXX. Prim-mer sim-mer trim-mer glim-mer swim-mer stem-mer ev-er clev-er nev-er riv-er quiv-er cov-er char-nel dar-nel chis-el hov-el nov-el mar-vel THE LUNGS.
2. They con-sist of two parts or lobes. When we draw breath, or in-hale, these fill up with air, and cause the chest to swell out.
7. Thou-sands have died from it. When the lungs can not take in e-nough, the blood be-comes bad, the face grows pale, and beau-ty is gone. O be-ware, girls!
LESSON XXXI. A-way be-tray al-way es-say un-say be-wray be-fit re-fit un-fit cow-fit out-fit sand-pit ad-mit re-mit per-mit trans-mit com-mit sub-mit THE CHATTER BOX.
LESSON XXXII. Bor-row mor-row sor-row el-bow fel-low mel-low minn-ow win now wid-ow meadow fal-low mallow tal-low wal-low bar-row far-row mar-row spar-row LEARNING TO SPIN.
5. Now my child, you have done well.— You may try a gain to mor row. I love to have you learn how to spin.
6. As soon as you are old enough you shall learn how to weave. Then you can weave your self nice dress es, and your pa pa a suit of clothes. How proud he will be to wear a suit which your lit tle hands have spun and wove.
7. I love to see girls use ful, and then spin ning, and weav ing are so health y.— You seldom hear of a girl dy ing of con-sump tion, who has been used to such work Then it does not pre vent girls from pass ing through the world.
LESSON XXXIV. Ca-ress du-ress e-gress in-gress pro-gress dis-tress a-mass re-pass un-pass sur-pass com-pass im-pass mo-rass cui-rass en-gross a-miss re-miss ad-miss THE FACE.
LESSON XXXV. House louse grouse mouse souse trouse loud cloud croud proud shroud crowd bout lout flout spout trout rout THE CANE MILL.
3. This is put in the large ket tles on the furn ace, and boil ed until it is fit for use.—The scum is fed to the hogs, and makes them grow fast. See! it takes one hand all the time to skim it well.
5. Chil dren who live most ly on sy rup, are not so sub ject to croup; and it is said that per sons us ing much of it are not apt to have fe vers.
LESSON XXXVI. A corn a down green horn for sworn ink horn in form re form per form trans form mis form' de form con form re turn sun burn con cern dis cern cis tern lan tern THE SABBATH.
1. This is God's day; in it, he has said, “Ye shall do no work, nor think your own thoughts.”
6. Well God has giv en us six days, and kept one for himself. In the six days we may do what we choose, if we do not break God's com mands.
LESSON XXXVII. Co coon dra goon la goon ra coon mon soon Mush room bride groom tran soon a gloom heir loom boon coon moon loom soon LULA'S PRAYER.
LESSON XXXVIII. Ap per tain en ter tain as cer tain su per vene in ter vene un fore seen de com pose re com pose in ter pose im po lite dis u nite re u nite GRAND MA.
LESSON XXXIX. Lo tion mo tion po tion no tion por tion to tion na tion ra tion sta tion ac tion fac tion frac tion lec tion dic tion fic tion unc tion func tion junc tion THE DEAD BABY.
9. When Je sus was on the earth, he took lit-tle chil dren in his arms and bless ed them and said “Suffer lit tle chil dren to come un to me' and for bid them not.”
LESSON XL. Sep tem ber no vem ber de cem ber en cum ber re mem ber dis mem ber in hab it co hab it pro hib it dis cred it de crep it in her it A GOOD DOG.
4. This con duct of his made them ver y an gry at him, so they shot at him sev er al times, and came near kill ing him.
7. They said “if Doc tor dies, we will trust in God.” But the dog got well, and still lives to guard his mas ter's house, and to be ca ressed by all the fam i ly.
LESSON XLI. Mis sive cap tive fes tive cos tive res tive mo tive some thing stock ing mid dling sprink ling twink ling sap ling dar ling star ling ster ling gos ling fat ling bant ling THE SELFISH BOY.
3. No mat ter who else suff ered, Fred would have his place; and in play he was the same way. When he was at home, and the chil dren had fr uit or an y nice thing, he would grab.
4. So you see Fred soon got the name of “sel fish Fred.” Well, when he be came a man he still took care of self.
God is in heaven; and can hear
A feeble prayer like mine?
Yes, little child, thou needest not fear,
He listens now to thine.
God is in heaven; and can he see
When I am doing wrong?
Yes, child, he can—he looks at thee
All day, and all night long.
God in heaven and would he know
If I should tell a lie?
Yes, if thou saids't it e'er so low,
He'd hear it in the sky.
God is in heaven; and can I go
To thank him for his care?
Not yet—but love him here below,
And thou shalt praise him there.
2. I have tried to teach you some-thing use-ful, as well as how to spell and read.—Is is ver-y im-por-tant to learn to im-prove what we read.
5. This much for these lit-tle boys, and girls who have kind friends to send them to school.— But what shall we say to those poor lit-tle chil-dren whose pa-rents are too poor to help them get an ed u ca-tion? Poor chil-dren!
Adieu, at present.
I'M NOT TOO YOUNG FOR GOD TO SEE. “I'm not too young for God to see, He knows my name and nature too; And all day long, he looks at me, And sees my actions through and thro.' He listens to the words I say, And knows the thoughts I have within, And whether I am at work or play He's sure to know it if I sin. O, how could children tell a lie, Or cheat in play, or steal or fight, If they remembered God was nigh, And had them always in his sight. Then when I want to do amiss, However pleasant it may be, I'll always strive to think of this— I'm not too young for God to see.”
[Back Cover Image] |
Michael Strogoff, by Jules Verne
Chapter XI
Between Two Banks
BY eight in the evening, the country, as the state of the sky had foretold, was enveloped in complete darkness. The moon being new had not yet risen. From the middle of the river the banks were invisible. The cliffs were confounded with the heavy, low-hanging clouds. At intervals a puff of wind came from the east, but it soon died away in the narrow valley of the Angara.
The darkness could not fail to favor in a considerable degree the plans of the fugitives. Indeed, although the Tartar outposts must have been drawn up on both banks, the raft had a good chance of passing unperceived. It was not likely either that the besiegers would have barred the river above Irkutsk, since they knew that the Russians could not expect any help from the south of the province. Besides this, before long Nature would herself establish a barrier, by cementing with frost the blocks of ice accumulated between the two banks.
Perfect silence now reigned on board the raft. The voices of the pilgrims were no longer heard. They still prayed, but their prayer was but a murmur, which could not reach as far as either bank. The fugitives lay flat on the platform, so that the raft was scarcely above the level of the water. The old boatman crouched down forward among his men, solely occupied in keeping off the ice blocks, a maneuver which was performed without noise.
The drifting of the ice was a favorable circumstance so long as it did not offer an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of the raft. If that object had been alone on the water, it would have run a risk of being seen, even in the darkness, but, as it was, it was confounded with these moving masses, of all shapes and sizes, and the tumult caused by the crashing of the blocks against each other concealed likewise any suspicious noises.
There was a sharp frost. The fugitives suffered cruelly, having no other shelter than a few branches of birch. They cowered down together, endeavoring to keep each other warm, the temperature being now ten degrees below freezing point. The wind, though slight, having passed over the snow-clad mountains of the east, pierced them through and through.
Michael and Nadia, lying in the afterpart of the raft, bore this increase of suffering without complaint. Jolivet and Blount, placed near them, stood these first assaults of the Siberian winter as well as they could. No one now spoke, even in a low voice. Their situation entirely absorbed them. At any moment an incident might occur, which they could not escape unscathed.
For a man who hoped soon to accomplish his mission, Michael was singularly calm. Even in the gravest conjunctures, his energy had never abandoned him. He already saw the moment when he would be at last allowed to think of his mother, of Nadia, of himself! He now only dreaded one final unhappy chance; this was, that the raft might be completely barred by ice before reaching Irkutsk. He thought but of this, determined beforehand, if necessary, to attempt some bold stroke.
Restored by a few hours’ rest, Nadia had regained the physical energy which misery had sometimes overcome, although without ever having shaken her moral energy. She thought, too, that if Michael had to make any fresh effort to attain his end, she must be there to guide him. But in proportion as she drew nearer to Irkutsk, the image of her father rose more and more clearly before her mind. She saw him in the invested town, far from those he loved, but, as she never doubted, struggling against the invaders with all the spirit of his patriotism. In a few hours, if Heaven favored them, she would be in his arms, giving him her mother’s last words, and nothing should ever separate them again. If the term of Wassili Fedor’s exile should never come to an end, his daughter would remain exiled with him. Then, by a natural transition, she came back to him who would have enabled her to see her father once more, to that generous companion, that “brother,” who, the Tartars driven back, would retake the road to Moscow, whom she would perhaps never meet again!
As to Alcide Jolivet and Harry Blount, they had one and the same thought, which was, that the situation was extremely dramatic, and that, well worked up, it would furnish a most deeply interesting article. The Englishman thought of the readers of the Daily Telegraph, and the Frenchman of those of his Cousin Madeleine. At heart, both were not without feeling some emotion.
“Well, so much the better!” thought Alcide Jolivet, “to move others, one must be moved one’s self! I believe there is some celebrated verse on the subject, but hang me if I can recollect it!” And with his well-practiced eyes he endeavored to pierce the gloom of the river.
Every now and then a burst of light dispelling the darkness for a time, exhibited the banks under some fantastic aspect — either a forest on fire, or a still burning village. The Angara was occasionally illuminated from one bank to the other. The blocks of ice formed so many mirrors, which, reflecting the flames on every point and in every color, were whirled along by the caprice of the current. The raft passed unperceived in the midst of these floating masses.
The danger was not at these points.
But a peril of another nature menaced the fugitives. One that they could not foresee, and, above all, one that they could not avoid. Chance discovered it to Alcide Jolivet in this way:— Lying at the right side of the raft, he let his hand hang over into the water. Suddenly he was surprised by the impression made on it by the current. It seemed to be of a slimy consistency, as if it had been made of mineral oil. Alcide, aiding his touch by his sense of smell, could not be mistaken. It was really a layer of liquid naphtha, floating on the surface of the river!
Was the raft really floating on this substance, which is in the highest degree combustible? Where had this naphtha come from? Was it a natural phenomenon taking place on the surface of the Angara, or was it to serve as an engine of destruction, put in motion by the Tartars? Did they intend to carry conflagration into Irkutsk?
Such were the questions which Alcide asked himself, but he thought it best to make this incident known only to Harry Blount, and they both agreed in not alarming their companions by revealing to them this new danger.
It is known that the soil of Central Asia is like a sponge impregnated with liquid hydrogen. At the port of Bakou, on the Persian frontier, on the Caspian Sea, in Asia Minor, in China, on the Yuen-Kiang, in the Burman Empire, springs of mineral oil rise in thousands to the surface of the ground. It is an “oil country,” similar to the one which bears this name in North America.
During certain religious festivals, principally at the port of Bakou, the natives, who are fire-worshipers, throw liquid naphtha on the surface of the sea, which buoys it up, its density being inferior to that of water. Then at nightfall, when a layer of mineral oil is thus spread over the Caspian, they light it, and exhibit the matchless spectacle of an ocean of fire undulating and breaking into waves under the breeze.
But what is only a sign of rejoicing at Bakou, might prove a fearful disaster on the waters of the Angara. Whether it was set on fire by malevolence or imprudence, in the twinkling of an eye a conflagration might spread beyond Irkutsk. On board the raft no imprudence was to be feared; but everything was to be dreaded from the conflagrations on both banks of the Angara, for should a lighted straw or even a spark blow into the water, it would inevitably set the whole current of naphtha in a blaze.
The apprehensions of Jolivet and Blount may be better understood than described. Would it not be prudent, in face of this new danger, to land on one of the banks and wait there? “At any rate,” said Alcide, “whatever the danger may be, I know some one who will not land!”
He alluded to Michael Strogoff.
In the meantime, on glided the raft among the masses of ice which were gradually getting closer and closer together. Up till then, no Tartar detachment had been seen, which showed that the raft was not abreast of the outposts. At about ten o’clock, however, Harry Blount caught sight of a number of black objects moving on the ice blocks. Springing from one to the other, they rapidly approached.
“Tartars!” he thought. And creeping up to the old boatman, he pointed out to him the suspicious objects.
The old man looked attentively. “They are only wolves!” said he. “I like them better than Tartars. But we must defend ourselves, and without noise!”
The fugitives would indeed have to defend themselves against these ferocious beasts, whom hunger and cold had sent roaming through the province. They had smelt out the raft, and would soon attack it. The fugitives must struggle without using firearms, for they could not now be far from the Tartar posts. The women and children were collected in the middle of the raft, and the men, some armed with poles, others with their knives, stood prepared to repulse their assailants. They did not make a sound, but the howls of the wolves filled the air.
Michael did not wish to remain inactive. He lay down at the side attacked by the savage pack. He drew his knife, and every time that a wolf passed within his reach, his hand found out the way to plunge his weapon into its throat. Neither were Jolivet and Blount idle, but fought bravely with the brutes. Their companions gallantly seconded them. The battle was carried on in silence, although many of the fugitives received severe bites.
The struggle did not appear as if it would soon terminate. The pack was being continually reinforced from the right bank of the Angara. “This will never be finished!” said Alcide, brandishing his dagger, red with blood.
In fact, half an hour after the commencement of the attack, the wolves were still coming in hundreds across the ice. The exhausted fugitives were getting weaker. The fight was going against them. At that moment, a group of ten huge wolves, raging with hunger, their eyes glowing in the darkness like red coals, sprang onto the raft. Jolivet and his companion threw themselves into the midst of the fierce beasts, and Michael was finding his way towards them, when a sudden change took place.
In a few moments the wolves had deserted not only the raft, but also the ice on the river. All the black bodies dispersed, and it was soon certain that they had in all haste regained the shore. Wolves, like other beasts of prey, require darkness for their proceedings, and at that moment a bright light illuminated the entire river.
It was the blaze of an immense fire. The whole of the small town of Poshkavsk was burning. The Tartars were indeed there, finishing their work. From this point, they occupied both banks beyond Irkutsk. The fugitives had by this time reached the dangerous part of their voyage, and they were still twenty miles from the capital.
It was now half past eleven. The raft continued to glide on amongst the ice, with which it was quite mingled, but gleams of light sometimes fell upon it. The fugitives stretched on the platform did not permit themselves to make a movement by which they might be betrayed.
The conflagration was going on with frightful rapidity. The houses, built of fir-wood, blazed like torches — a hundred and fifty flaming at once. With the crackling of the fire was mingled the yells of the Tartars. The old boatman, getting a foothold on a near piece of ice, managed to shove the raft towards the right bank, by doing which a distance of from three to four hundred feet divided it from the flames of Poshkavsk.
Nevertheless, the fugitives, lighted every now and then by the glare, would have been undoubtedly perceived had not the incendiaries been too much occupied in their work of destruction.
It may be imagined what were the apprehensions of Jolivet and Blount, when they thought of the combustible liquid on which the raft floated. Sparks flew in millions from the houses, which resembled so many glowing furnaces. They rose among the volumes of smoke to a height of five or six hundred feet. On the right bank, the trees and cliffs exposed to the fire looked as if they likewise were burning. A spark falling on the surface of the Angara would be sufficient to spread the flames along the current, and to carry disaster from one bank to the other. The result of this would be in a short time the destruction of the raft and of all those which it carried.
But, happily, the breeze did not blow from that side. It came from the east, and drove the flames towards the left. It was just possible that the fugitives would escape this danger. The blazing town was at last passed. Little by little the glare grew dimmer, the crackling became fainter, and the flames at last disappeared behind the high cliffs which arose at an abrupt turn of the river.
By this time it was nearly midnight. The deep gloom again threw its protecting shadows over the raft. The Tartars were there, going to and fro near the river. They could not be seen, but they could be heard. The fires of the outposts burned brightly.
In the meantime it had become necessary to steer more carefully among the blocks of ice. The old boatman stood up, and the moujiks resumed their poles. They had plenty of work, the management of the raft becoming more and more difficult as the river was further obstructed.
Michael had crept forward; Jolivet followed; both listened to what the old boatman and his men were saying.
“Look out on the right!”
“There are blocks drifting on to us on the left!”
“Fend! fend off with your boat-hook!”
“Before an hour is past we shall be stopped!”
“If it is God’s will!” answered the old man. “Against His will there is nothing to be done.”
“You hear them,” said Alcide.
“Yes,” replied Michael, “but God is with us!”
The situation became more and more serious. Should the raft be stopped, not only would the fugitives not reach Irkutsk, but they would be obliged to leave their floating platform, for it would be very soon smashed to pieces in the ice. The osier ropes would break, the fir trunks torn asunder would drift under the hard crust, and the unhappy people would have no refuge but the ice blocks themselves. Then, when day came, they would be seen by the Tartars, and massacred without mercy!
Michael returned to the spot where Nadia was waiting for him. He approached the girl, took her hand, and put to her the invariable question: “Nadia, are you ready?” to which she replied as usual, “I am ready!”
For a few versts more the raft continued to drift amongst the floating ice. Should the river narrow, it would soon form an impassable barrier. Already they seemed to drift slower. Every moment they encountered severe shocks or were compelled to make detours; now, to avoid running foul of a block, there to enter a channel, of which it was necessary to take advantage. At length the stoppages became still more alarming. There were only a few more hours of night. Could the fugitives not reach Irkutsk by five o’clock in the morning, they must lose all hope of ever getting there at all.
At half-past one, notwithstanding all efforts, the raft came up against a thick barrier and stuck fast. The ice, which was drifting down behind it, pressed it still closer, and kept it motionless, as though it had been stranded.
At this spot the Angara narrowed, it being half its usual breadth. This was the cause of the accumulation of ice, which became gradually soldered together, under the double influence of the increased pressure and of the cold. Five hundred feet beyond, the river widened again, and the blocks, gradually detaching themselves from the floe, continued to drift towards Irkutsk. It was probable that had the banks not narrowed, the barrier would not have formed. But the misfortune was irreparable, and the fugitives must give up all hope of attaining their object.
Had they possessed the tools usually employed by whalers to cut channels through the ice-fields — had they been able to get through to where the river widened — they might have been saved. But they had nothing which could make the least incision in the ice, hard as granite in the excessive frost. What were they to do?
At that moment several shots on the right bank startled the unhappy fugitives. A shower of balls fell on the raft. The devoted passengers had been seen. Immediately afterwards shots were heard fired from the left bank. The fugitives, taken between two fires, became the mark of the Tartar sharpshooters. Several were wounded, although in the darkness it was only by chance that they were hit.
“Come, Nadia,” whispered Michael in the girl’s ear.
Without making a single remark, “ready for anything,” Nadia took Michael’s hand.
“We must cross the barrier,” he said in a low tone. “Guide me, but let no one see us leave the raft.”
Nadia obeyed. Michael and she glided rapidly over the floe in the obscurity, only broken now and again by the flashes from the muskets. Nadia crept along in front of Michael. The shot fell around them like a tempest of hail, and pattered on the ice. Their hands were soon covered with blood from the sharp and rugged ice over which they clambered, but still on they went.
In ten minutes, the other side of the barrier was reached. There the waters of the Angara again flowed freely. Several pieces of ice, detached gradually from the floe, were swept along in the current down towards the town. Nadia guessed what Michael wished to attempt. One of the blocks was only held on by a narrow strip.
“Come,” said Nadia. And the two crouched on the piece of ice, which their weight detached from the floe.
It began to drift. The river widened, the way was open. Michael and Nadia heard the shots, the cries of distress, the yells of the Tartars. Then, little by little, the sounds of agony and of ferocious joy grew faint in the distance.
“Our poor companions!” murmured Nadia.
For half an hour the current hurried along the block of ice which bore Michael and Nadia. They feared every moment that it would give way beneath them. Swept along in the middle of the current, it was unnecessary to give it an oblique direction until they drew near the quays of Irkutsk. Michael, his teeth tight set, his ear on the strain, did not utter a word. Never had he been so near his object. He felt that he was about to attain it!
Towards two in the morning a double row of lights glittered on the dark horizon in which were confounded the two banks of the Angara. On the right hand were the lights of Irkutsk; on the left, the fires of the Tartar camp.
Michael Strogoff was not more than half a verst from the town. “At last!” he murmured.
But suddenly Nadia uttered a cry.
At the cry Michael stood up on the ice, which was wavering. His hand was extended up the Angara. His face, on which a bluish light cast a peculiar hue, became almost fearful to look at, and then, as if his eyes had been opened to the bright blaze spreading across the river, “Ah!” he exclaimed, “then Heaven itself is against us!”
Last updated Tuesday, March 4, 2014 at 18:24 |
Imagine processing 400-billion pieces of information per second! Sound impossible? That's exactly how fast backbones used by today's Internet providers operate-at speeds of up to 400 gigabits of data per second. What's more, in a year or two, they'll be even faster. However, this state-of-the art technology does not exist everywhere. In the real world, our high-tech offices appear to "blaze" at a tortoise-paced 1.5 megabits per second, and the last link to the home struggles along at a snail-paced 30 or 40 thousand bits per second. So while the computer gurus of Silicon Valley want to provide many things to us, this "last-mile" problem continues to tie them down.
This situation continues because the government protects local telephone companies (Telcos) from competition. Since there's no reason to change, they continue to make big money leasing 1.54-megabit lines to businesses. (Called T1 lines, these can cost from several hundred dollars to more than $1000 per month). In addition to this lucrative leasing business, Telcos also profit from multiple phone lines in residences.
If the Telcos allowed prices for bandwidth (the amount of signal sent from one place to another) to keep up with technology, they'd lose a ton of revenue. Remember, you and I cannot go into the telephone business. If we tried to open up a second (and better) telephone company, the government would shut down our company, confiscate our assets, and possibly send us to jail! Since competition is forbidden, normal market forces are not at work here.
The coming "end-run" years. Because of this Telco bottleneck as well as the inherent inefficiency of the telephone network (designed for the world of 1930, not the 21st century), the new world wide Internet data network simply cannot push through the morass of local telephone company systems. Instead, it's leapfrogging the telephone systems any way it can. This occurs in the following ways:
Through-cable television systems. This is a very good method from a technological standpoint; cable TV is a large pre-existing system with the proper type of architecture. Nonetheless, it's still pretty questionable whether the cable TV system will provide a good last-mile link. There are two main problems: (1) Because the government regulates cable TV, Telcos will probably donate enough money to politicians to make sure restrictions on the cable companies never go away. (2) Cable TV companies themselves have been rather predatory, generating significant ill will among customers. In fact, many people would rather not do business with them at all (if they had a choice).
Via satellite. Right now, there are several high-speed data satellite systems under construction that can deliver data to a home or office at rates well into the megabit per second range (perhaps even into the gigabit range). However, these systems will probably not be fully operational until 2002. After that time, they should effectively make an end-run around the Telco system. Currently, it appears they have not been restricted by the government. Therefore, there's probably not enough time left for Congress to shut them out of the market.
DSL. This is a telephone technology (as opposed to a data technology) called Digital Subscriber Line. It uses electronic boxes on each end of a standard telephone line to achieve speeds of up to 1.5 megabits per second. This technology comes in several flavors (ADSL, HDSL, etc.); however, they all are somewhat similar. Whether this will ever by implemented is questionable. It's really not in their best interest to do so, and Telcos might not readily embrace the technology. For example, Telcos left ISDN, the predecessor of DSL, to die on the vine. The same fate may await DSL. We'll just have to wait and see. Digital power line (DPL). This new technology uses a spread-spectrum power-line carrier technology to send up to 1.5 megabits (and in some cases more) over standard power lines. This system will probably be too limited for use 10 years from now, but it could be a major factor for the next five to eight years. As far as this author knows, there is no legislation limiting the use of this technology. Besides, it operates over existing power wiring, which is an enormous advantage.
How the DPL works. To send over a million bits per second through power lines, DPL uses what is termed a high-frequency conditioned power network (HFCPN). Rather than trying to push one signal very fast through the power lines, it breaks the signal into multiple streams, each of which is sent through the power system on a different frequency. Special receivers combine the mini-streams of data back into the original signal configuration.
These networks are rather complex but extremely stable and tolerant of electrical noise. They can provide between 6 MHz and 10 MHz of usable spectrum to far-end customers and more than 20 MHz of usable spectrum to near-end customers, for peak signal power levels of between 1mW and 10 mW. The overall spectral efficiency of the network depends upon a number of things, including:
* Customer type and number per distribution unit (typically up to 50).
* Type of multiple access requirements (dedicated or switched).
* Service requirement (voice, data, still or moving pictures, etc.).
* Digital or analog transmission technology.
* Modulation, coding, and compression schemes (data bits per unit of available spectrum).
* Traffic density mean and peak.
Under this scheme, you terminate the network interconnection conductors in a three-port directional coupler, known as a conditioning unit (CU) (Fig. 1). The basic elements of the CU are shown in Fig. 2 and include both high- and low-pass filter sections interconnected to form a frequency sensitive directional coupler, which has a network port (NP), communication distribution port (CDP), and electricity distribution port (EDP)
These CUs provide for the following:
* Safe and efficient interconnection of signals at speeds greater than 1 MHz.
* Directional propagation of signals.
* A reduced noise floor above 1 MHz.
* Isolation of variable customer loads.
* Suitable network service termination points for electricity and telecommunication services.
* Optimum spectral performance of the cable network.
Implementation. To implement DPL, utilities will require an investment in equipment and training. However, this investment will allow utilities to get into the Internet provider market more quickly.
The number of electrical utilities who will want to jump on this bandwagon is questionable, but you can certainly make plenty of money in these markets. Because the electrical utility market in the United States is deregulating for the first time, there are plenty of changes on the horizon. Most notably, competition will enter the market for the first time. As power markets become competitive, taking advantage of new opportunities will become important, and utilities will take a careful look at technologies like DPL. Hopefully, they will implement them quickly.
The possible utility company end-run. Earlier, we discussed methods of making end-runs around the last-mile data bottleneck. If they choose to do so, electric utility companies could provide a terrific way to get high-speed data to the house or office. They already have cables entering every home and office, and they have plenty of expertise running cables over long distances.
There are a lot of reasons why it makes sense for electric utilities to deliver data to their customers. The tree-and-branch architecture of power distribution systems is perfect for Internet data transmission. In addition, it's now very economical to run optical fiber along long-distance transmission lines. Special optical cables are available that are either combined with transmission ground wires (the top wire on long-distance power lines), or wrap around the ground wire. Many utility companies have begun doing this in the past several years, and some have a lot of fiber already in place. Initially done for communication between substations, other users now rent out some of the fibers. If you install enough fibers, it could form a very significant communications structure. In fact, it's quite possible electric utility companies could challenge Telcos for all forms of communications business in just a few years-and win.
Telco technology is not an efficient way of delivering digital communications; it's built around large, expensive central switches. Remember, networks are routed rather than switched. In other words, each piece of data contains its own destination address and routes toward its final destination at several points during its travels. The Telco network is slow, expensive, and smart. The routed network is fast, cheap, and stupid. The necessary intelligence is not in the network; it's attached to each end of the network. Fast and cheap is better than slow and expensive. And distributed intelligence is better than centralized intelligence.
What does the future hold? How all of this actually plays out over the next decade will be fascinating. At some point, political demagoguery will inevitably come into play: "The communications infrastructure is a national asset-we can't allow it to be turned over to people who are interested only in profits," or "Preserve it for the children," etc. There will probably even be several personal and financial battles. The forces of regulation and control cannot hold out indefinitely. But, they won't go without a fight. So, stay tuned. |
Memory Alpha
Talk:The Slaver Weapon (episode)
36,774pages on
this wiki
Back to page
Chuft Captain?Edit
whats the deal with Chuft Captain -- is it the normal Kzinti tradition to place the name before the rank, in this case making his name Chuft? Or is "Chuft" what he is captain of and he is an unnamed character ? -- Captain Mike K. Barteltalk 05:25, 4 Sep 2005 (UTC)
According to Niven's naming conventions, which weren't explained but followed in the episode, Kzinti are only given a name as an award for great achievement. This is kind of like the Kazon to an extent. The one difference is the Kzinti are not given names when they are born. They have to take the name of their position in society. So, Chuft Captain was originally just Captain and then earned the name of Chuft. It is also Kzinti practice to pair up your name with the position, in the order it's given. So, Chuft Captain would be his full Kzinti "name." Whether or not any of this applies to Memory Alpha is up to someone (like you) higher up than me to decide. I was able to get most of this information from the Kzinti article.--Tim Thomason 06:45, 4 Sep 2005 (UTC)
Not quite. As a captain, he has a partial name, followed by his title, which carries some rank. A fully named Kzinti of the highest rank has just a name. Think of it as serf vs thane vs nobility. The original story specifies that Chuft Captain has a "partial name."Mzmadmike 14:10, May 6, 2012 (UTC)
Non-appearance of KirkEdit
Does this episode still open with Shatner's "Space...the final frontier" monologue & is he still credited at the end? Igotbit 17:06, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
Slaver Weapon vs Star Trek (2009)Edit
Until the movie has opened, and everything confirmed, please keep mention of it, its cast, and relevance out of this episode article. Thank you. -- sulfur 04:01, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
But this doesn't make any sense unless all the other articles that mention Nimoy's appearance in Star Trek XI are purged as well. Saying that Nimoy has only appeared in three productions now without Shatner is now just flat out wrong when it's well known now that Nimoy is in the new movie. I just don't see how this hurts. Maybe there's something I'm missing, can you elaborate further? leandar 04:09, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
It is unnecessarily putting movie information that is essentially spoilers (you even put the spoiler warning) in articles that themselves have nothing to do with the movie. --OuroborosCobra talk 04:18, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
I understand that, but the other articles have nothing to do with the movie other than mentioning Nimoy's appearance. What I can't understand is how this episode's article is any different from "The Cage" and "Unification II?" leandar 04:27, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
They shouldn't have mentions either. --OuroborosCobra talk 04:40, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
And now they don't. --Alan 06:10, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
Ok, I think I get it. I'm going to put them back how they used to be saying something like "this is Nimoy's second of (to date) three appearances. That shouldn't be too bad, should it? leandar 06:18, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
Everythign is automatically "to date" until the information becomes invalid.... stating "to date" is just another way of stating a spoiler to a spoiler. --Alan 06:22, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
Ok, I get it now. I think I'm going to go bang my head against a wall now. I'll see you later. leandar 06:23, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
Removed TextEdit
Removed the following:
"The Kzinti race once controlled the entire empire but now is bound to keep peace.
"Many Kzinti still take part in raiding Federation shipping and seek Slaver weapons to regain control of their empire."
Those are both absolutely true in Known Space, but this isn't Known Space.--Ten-pint 06:31, October 12, 2010 (UTC)
• In one scene, the weapon morphs backward--it changes from the new shape to the previous shape, then is shown in the new shape when the cut occurs.
Removed the above comment as a nitpick. 31dot 10:51, May 6, 2012 (UTC)
So, please explain to me how some continuity errors (seeing Hadley at navigation, then seeing Sulu) are not nitpicks, while ones like this are? Or Kirk speaking without lip movement (Cloud Minders), vs this? It's a clear reversal of order, very obvious, and would be significant since the device changes from weapon to telescope, but then is used as a weapon.Mzmadmike 14:07, May 6, 2012 (UTC)
I'm not saying they aren't nitpicks; the nitpick policy came about relatively recently in the history of this site, and we likely haven't gotten rid of all of them yet. If you see any, feel free to suggest them for removal. A nitpick is permissible in articles if it is discussed by Trek production staff(as some are). 31dot 14:12, May 6, 2012 (UTC)
Well, there's no way I'm going to know what the production staff discussed. I'm not into it enough to buy such things. I'm following the guidelines used on IMDB, which makes continuity errors a matter of note, as well as "errors in fact." Apparently, MA is as shoddy as the show in such regards, and happy that way. So I guess I should just not waste my time. Peace, out.Mzmadmike 14:18, May 6, 2012 (UTC)
If you don't want to "waste your time", that's your choice, and would be unfortunate, but I would suggest following our own guidelines here, instead of those from another site which has a different scope and criteria than we do. 31dot 14:21, May 6, 2012 (UTC)
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki |
Alphabet für Liège
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Situation 9: harmonize the seven centres of the body (using mantra technique)
Alphabet für Liège, for soloists and duos, is a composition (or a musical installation) by Karlheinz Stockhausen, and is Work Number 36 in the composer's catalog of works. A performance of it lasts four hours.
The fundamental idea underlying Alphabet is the notion that sound vibrations can affect both living beings and inanimate matter (Maconie 2005, 341). There are thirteen scenes, or musical images, each illustrating the physical effects of sound, ranging from making acoustic vibrations visible to a demonstration of Asian mantra techniques. These ideas were developed in conversations with the British biophysicist and lecturer on mystical aspects of sound vibration Jill Purce, who also called Stockhausen's attention to the work of Hans Jenny (Kurtz 1992, 192–93; Jenny 1967). In a radio interview three months before the premiere, Stockhausen explained his purpose was to show "how sound waves always change the molecules, even the atoms of a being who listens to music, making them vibrate. And that is what we want to make visible, because most people only believe what they see" (Stockhausen and Lichtenfeld 1972).
Volker Müller and Karlheinz Stockhausen (standing), Karl O. Barkey and Hans-Alderich Billig (seated, left rear), Wolfgang Lüttgen, Günther Engels, Christoph Caskel (seated, right rear), Péter Eötvös, Dagmar von Biel, Gaby Rodens, Wolfgang Fromme, and Helga Hamm-Albrecht (front), during the Shiraz Arts Festival, September 1972, three weeks before the premiere of Alphabet für Liège
Alphabet was created as a commission from the City of Liège on the initiative of Philippe Boesmans, for the Nuits de Septembre festival, and was premiered during a "Journée Karlheinz Stockhausen" on 23 September 1972. Stockhausen envisaged the work for performance in a labyrinth-like building. The venue chosen for the premiere consisted of fourteen still-empty areas, all leading off of a central corridor, in the basement level of the half-completed radio and television building in the Liège Palais des Congrès, before the wall coverings, doors, and office partitions had been installed. The bare concrete and breeze-block surfaces were whitewashed especially for the performance, and the rooms were all open to each other through open doors and windows. In this world premiere, only eleven of the thirteen situations were included (Kurtz 1992, 193; Stockhausen 1978a, 193). Performers included members of the British group Gentle Fire (Hugh Davies, Michael Robinson, Richard Bernas, Stuart Jones), five of the six members of the Collegium Vocale Köln (Wolfgang Fromme, Dagmar von Biel, Hans-Alderich Billig, Karl O. Barkey, and Helga Hamm), Rosalind Davies, fish expert Dr. Johannes Kneutgen, Joachim Krist, Michael Vetter, Atsuko Iwami, Herbert Henck, Jill Purce, with Peter Eötvös as "musical leader" (Stockhausen 1971; Stockhausen 1978a, 185–92).
Form and content[edit]
Japanese kane gongs, used as time-markers by the "musical leader".
Stockhausen himself recognized in Alphabet a precedent for the theatrical conceptions he would explore later in Licht (Tannenbaum 1987, 82). The title originates from a programme of actions associated with the letters of the alphabet: Anrufen (call, appeal, implore), Begleiten (accompany), Chaos, Dudeln (tootle), Eintönig (monotone), etc. There are thirty "letters" in all: the familiar twenty-six of the English alphabet, plus SCHnell (rapid), SPringen (leap), STören (disturb), and Übergang zu (transition to) (Stockhausen 1978a, 195). Each is written on a little card, and the performers of each group draw two of these cards from the deck. These become the basis for excursions by the performers of each "situation" to visit one of the other situations and exchange tonal information—each group therefore does this twice in the course of a performance (Kurtz 1992, 193).
Events are coordinated by acoustic signals given by a "musical leader": Japanese chimes (kane and rin) mark each minute; sustained tones mark the sequence of moments (the ends of which are "erased" by the sound of shaken bundles of Indian pellet bells); twice in every hour the coordinator runs through the space shaking strings of camel bells, which causes all activity to cease (Maconie 2005, 342). These cessations occur five times over the four-hour span (Stockhausen 1978a, 198).
Rudolph Koenig's manometric flame apparatus (1862), a burning gas jet vibrating in response to pressure waves: situation 2 of Alphabet.
Chladni diagrams for quadratic plates (from E. F. F. Chladni, Die Akustik, 1802), as used in situation 3 to "make sound spectra visible in solid material".
Alphabet consists of thirteen "situations" (Stockhausen 1978a, 193–95):
1. No special function, a composition by Stockhausen, Am Himmel wandre ich, twelve songs on American Indian poems, for two amplified singers and sound projectionist
2. Tone vibrations made visible in liquids, light rays, and flames. Generate visible models in fluids by the influence of specific sound vibrations (play a polyphonic sound structure into two or three containers) and project them on a screen.
3. Make sound spectra visible in solid material (powder, iron filings, etc.) as a composed program with renewals and variation in duration of about half an hour:
4. With tones, cause glass to break.
5. Magnetize food with tones. Make the magnetization visible by means of a pendulum. Composition in the manner of the Indianerlieder, that is, a succession of melodies that produce a whole, if they are distributed over a period of four hours.
6. Massage a human body with sounds (vibrations of a musical instrument are translated by a dancer into her body. Her body is a living loudspeaker for the instrument).
7. Self-extinguishing tones (e.g., play a trumpet closely or at varying distances against a wall that is either bare or hung with a variety of surface materials, in order to achieve extinctions).
8. "Make love" with tones (e.g., with two recorders and/or voices generate beat frequencies and perhaps display the beat fequencies on oscilloscopes).
9. Using tones, harmonize the seven centres of the body (mantra technique).
10. Use tones to repel thoughts and keep thinking at bay
11. Use tones to speed up and slow down the respiration and heartbeat of living creatures (fish). Make the respiration rate of the fish visible on oscilloscopes, and at the same time make them audible. Project enlargements of the fish, from above and from the side, onto a screen (electronic camera, large-screen TV). In addition, hang up explanatory texts in large letters: Rhythm of gill movements, Rhythm of pulses (no conversing with the audience). An underwater loudspeaker in the aquarium; connect to it two pulse generators and two narrow-band tuned-resonance filter/amplifiers [abstimmbare Anzeigeverstärker] (a synthesizer with pre-programmed sound textures).
12. Invoke and supplicate the spirits of the dead in tones (until in a trance).
13. Pray using tones (sometimes intelligibly); study sung prayers of all religions (listen to tape recordings).
The verbal instructions for most of the scenes are either descriptions for physically inspired sound installations (e.g., situation 2: "Make sound vibrations visible") or appear to be intuitive music texts like those of Aus den sieben Tagen and Für kommende Zeiten, composed not long before Alphabet (Straebel 1995, §3.2.2). Situation 10, in particular, strongly resembles Es from Aus den sieben Tagen: "Think NOTHING … / as soon as you start to think, stop / and try to reattain / the state of NON-THINKING …" (Maconie 2005, 342).
Two performers each are required for situations 1, 5, 6, and 8. This brings the total number of performers, including the musical leader, to eighteen.
Potential hazards[edit]
In situation 11, Dr. Johannes Kneutgen "synchronises sturgeon fish by sound waves, by certain tones in the breathing rhythm, so that the fish move in the rhythm of the music" (Stockhausen and Lichtenfeld 1972).
Johannes Kneutgen, who performed situation 11 at the Liège premiere, was a scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology in Seewiesen, conducting research on the physiological effects of music or rhythm on the body and nervous system. He reported that there was a physical danger in the case of fish:
For fish, the change of rhythm can be fatal. Normally fish breathe by opening and closing their gills. The lowest rate to which their gill movement can be reduced and still maintain life is 43 "breaths" per minute. If a clock ticks only 40 times per minute, the fish gill movement slows down too much, and the fish strives convulsively to breathe faster but cannot. It swims rapidly to escape the ticking noise, but if it cannot retreat to a quiet area, it expires. (Anon 1965)
Another writer has recalled an "infamous" French series of experiments with a "super-whistle" in the 1960s that demonstrated that very powerful low-frequency sounds (in the 5–8 Hz range) could interfere with the biorhythms of living creatures, to the extent of killing cattle, and warns that Alphabet's situation 9 ("harmonize the seven centres of the body") could prove similarly hazardous if done "scientifically … with physical vibrations coordinated to biological and brain rhythms" (Maconie 2005, 342 & 344).
The Indianerlieder (American Indian Songs)—also known by the opening words of the first song, "In the sky I am walking", and by their German translation "Am Himmel wandre ich"—constitute the only fully worked-out component of the Alphabet. It is also the only part capable of performance independent of the larger work, and the only part to have been published. The score is dedicated to its first performers, Helga Hamm-Albrecht and Karl O. Barkey, and bears the work Number 36½ in the composer's catalog of works.
The texts employed are (Stockhausen 1978b, 201):
1. twelve short poems, sayings, or prayers of various American Indian tribes, in English translations from an anthology called Indian Prose and Poetry (Astrov 1962)
2. Onomatopoetic vocal sounds (bird songs, wind, war cries, etc.),
3. "unusual vocal sounds" and "favourite names", freely chosen by the performers
4. heckling
5. free intimate texts (something erotic, whispered to a beloved, which could never be spoken directly)
6. a freely chosen fairy tale dealing with tones
7. names such as Jillina, Jika, Jillaika (all pet names for Jill Purce), or Eagloo (a bird-man name, one of many used by the composer)
8. purely sonorous vowel and consonant constructions, interspersed with finger snaps, claps, foot taps, etc.
It consists of twelve scenes, each of which includes one American Indian song, for a pair of singer-actors. The scenes follow one another without interruption (Stockhausen 1978b, 205). The first song is intoned on a single note, C, the next song adds a second note to the first, the F above, the third adds the G a semitone higher still, the fourth descends to E, and so on, until reaching a twelve-tone row in the final song, but with the notes in fixed registers: the basic formula of the work (Frisius 2008, 255; Kurtz 1992, 193). The songs were originally conceived for two women's voices, but then the composer decided they could be performed (as they were at the premiere) by a man and a woman. They have also been performed by two male singers (Stockhausen, Conen, and Hennlich 1989, 307).
In a long version, such as is used in the four-hour-long Alphabet für Liège, the twelve scenes are sung straight through four times (with a pause of about fifteen minutes between each performance), with variations each time in dynamics and tempos. For an extremely long version (possibly alternating two different pairs of singers or exchanging singer combinations), the twelve scenes can be sung twelve times each, in the sequence: 1, 1+2, 1+2+3, … 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12, and then 2–12, 3–12, etc., down to 10+11+12, 11+12, and ending with 12. In such a performance, each song should be varied upon each repetition in dynamics and tempo (Stockhausen 1978b, 208).
Performance history and reception[edit]
"The music flowed into the evening air in a light aura all splashed with echoes" at Sainte-Baume, site of the third performance of Alphabet für Liège in 1974.
The full Alphabet has been performed only rarely. After the 1972 world premiere in Belgium, the first French performance took place in the context of a cycle of eleven Stockhausen works at the La Rochelle Festival during the two weeks before Easter 1973. In contrast to the basement Liège premiere, this performance was presented in a long attic gallery, with the "situations" presented in individual recesses (Griffiths 1973). A third performance, also in France, took place in June 1974, at the second festival of the International Centre of Sainte-Baume in Provence, with the theme "Music and Magic". This performance was in a particularly beautiful natural setting:
At the foot of the great cliff of Sainte-Baume, high above a Provence cut up by highways, magic took precedence over futuristic technology. A calm, gentle, tender magic, in agreement with the Mediterranean night, all fragrant with the scent of the garrigue. A reassuring magic speaking primarily through music.
Very soon, indeed, from one to another of the twelve "cells" where the musician-celebrants were operating, sounds converged, answered one another, intersected, developed, weaving an unpredictable and subtle symphony of space. From the barn which opens onto the fields, fields that abut on the mountain, the music flowed into the evening air in a light aura all splashed with echoes. It was, revealed to the ear, like the very breathing of nature. And there were many of us there, lying prostrate for four hours on end, inside this music that had neither beginning nor end, nor any function other than to generate itself in the cyclical process of eternity. (Fleuret 1974)
The component Indianerlieder, on the other hand, had many successful performances in the years following the Liège premiere by the artists who had premiered the work, Helga Hamm-Albrecht and Karl O. Barkey. For example, they performed them in 1973 at the Metz Festival, in 1974 at both the Allgemeinen Deutschen Musikfest in Stuttgart and the Darmstädter Ferienkurse, and in 1978 in Luxembourg. They also recorded the work several times for various German radio stations (Frisius 2008, 253). The Indianerlieder have also been recorded twice commercially, and have been viewed as the "key piece" within Alphabet (Kurtz 1992, 193–94). However, one critic who had previously heard the Indianerlieder in the context of Alphabet found, after hearing them separately at the Metz festival in November 1973, that the "somewhat artificial religiosity and falsely naïve Indian Songs suffer from being given in a theatre, without the 'mystical' atmosphere and ambulatory meditation of Alphabet" (Lonchampt 1973).
Discography (Indianerlieder)[edit]
• Stockhausen, Karlheinz. "Am Himmel wandre ich …" (Indianerlieder) / "In the Sky I am Walking …" (American Indian Songs) /"Dans le ciel jeme promène …" (Chants indiennes) . Helga Hamm-Albrecht (mezzo-soprano), Karl O. Barkley (baritone), Karlheinz Stockhausen (sound direction). Recorded February 1977. LP recording. DG 2530 876. Hamburg: Deutsche Grammophon, 1977. Reissued on CD, Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 20. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 1992.
• Voxnova (musical group). In the Sky I Am Walking: Songs of the Native Americans. Isabelle Soccoja (mezzo-soprano), Nicholas Isherwood (bass-baritone) in the Stockhausen, with Valérie Chouanière (soprano) and Thierry Fouré (tenor). CD sound disc. Mode 68. New York: Mode Records, 1998. [With nine pieces of Native-American music, and Pascal Dusapin, Red Rock, the scene "Après" from the opera Roméo et Juliette.]
• Anon. 1965. "Ticking Speed of Clock Influences Heartbeats". Science News Letter 88 (31 July): 78.
• Astrov, Margot (ed.). 1962. Indian Prose and Poetry: An Anthology, fifth edition. New York: Capricorn Books. First edition, titled The Winged Serpent. New York: The John Day Company, 1946. Reprinted under the original title, Boston: Beacon Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8070-8105-1.
• Davies, Hugh. 2001. "Gentle Fire: An Early Approach to Live Electronic Music". Leonardo Music Journal 11: 53–60.
• Fleuret, Maurice. 1973. "Les Eaux troublées". Le Nouvel Observateur, no. 441 (21 April).
• Fleuret, Maurice. 1974. "Grand-messe sur la montagne: Quand Stockhausen nous convie à faire l'amour avec des sons". Le Nouvel Observateur, no. 508 (5 August): 50.
• Griffiths, Paul. 1973. "Festivals: La Rochelle, Royan". The Musical Times 114, no. 1564 (June): 629.
• Griffiths, Paul. 1977. "Stockhausen: Queen Elizabeth Hall". The Times (13 June): 13
• Groat, Andy de. 1973. "Stockhausen: Alphabet pour Liège". Chroniques de l'art vivant, no. 40 (June). Numéro spécial: le corps (première partie). Paris: Imprimerie Arte.
• Jenny, Hans. 1967. Kymatik: Wellen und Schwingungen mit ihrer Struktur und Dynamik / Cymatics: The Structure Dynamics of Waves and Vibrations. Basle: Basilius Presse. Second volume, Basle: Basilus Presse, 1972.
• L[onchampt], J[acques]. 1973. "Les Deuxièmes Rencontres de Metz: Dans l’esprit du Domaine musical". Le Monde 30, no. 8982 (Friday, 30 November): 21.
• Stockhausen, Karlheinz, and Monika Lichtenfeld. 1972. Interview for the Deutschlandfunk, on the occasion of the WDR Festival "Sieben Tage elektronischer Musik", broadcast in June. Recording published on "…ich werde die Töne" (1971); Zugvogel für ensemble (1970); "Sieben Tage elektronische Musik" (1972). CD sound disc. Text-CD 22. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik, 2008. [NB: Interviewer's name is consistently misspelled "Lichtenfels" in the CD booklet] English translation.
• Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1978a. "Alphabet für Liège (1972): 13 Musikalische Bilder für Solisten und Duos". In his Texte zur Musik 4, edited by Christoph von Blumröder, 185–99. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN 3-7701-1078-1.
• Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1978b. "'Am Himmel wandre ich …' (Indianerlieder) (1972)". In his Texte zur Musik 4, edited by Christoph von Blumröder, 200–211. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN 3-7701-1078-1.
• Stockhausen, Karlheinz, Hermann Conen, and Jochen Hennlich. 1989. "Vor und nach Samstag aus Licht". In Stockhausen, Texte zur Musik 6, edited by Christoph von Blumröder, 247–320. DuMont Dokumente. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN 3-7701-2249-6.
• Straebel, Volker. 1995. "'What I Hope Is That the Europeans Will Become More American': The Mutual Influence of Europe and North America in the History of Musikperformance". Translation from the German by Melissa Thorson Hause. Original Publication: Volker Straebel, "'...that the Europeans will become more American'. Gegenseitige Einflüsse von Europa und Nordamerika in der Geschichte der Musikperformance". In Das Innere Ohr: Festivalbuch Linz, Austria 1995 (special issue Ton), edited by Thomas Dészy and Christian Utz, 80-94 . |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gaziosmanpasa)
Jump to: navigation, search
Location of Gaziosmanpaşa
Gaziosmanpaşa is located in Turkey
Coordinates: 41°04′34″N 28°54′02″E / 41.07611°N 28.90056°E / 41.07611; 28.90056Coordinates: 41°04′34″N 28°54′02″E / 41.07611°N 28.90056°E / 41.07611; 28.90056
Country Turkey
Province İstanbul
• Mayor Erhan Erol (AKP)
• Kaymakam Seddar Yavuz
• District 216.63 km2 (83.64 sq mi)
Population (2012)[2]
• District 488,258
• District density 2,300/km2 (5,800/sq mi)
Gaziosmanpaşa (pronounced [ɡaːziosˈmanpaʃa]; old name: Taşlıtarla) is an impoverished working class municipality (belediye) and district of Istanbul, Turkey, on its European side. With a population of 400,000 plus, it is one of the most populous districts. In 2009 Gaziosmanpaşa district were the divided to three districts: Gaziosmanpaşa, the central; Sultangazi, the northern part and Arnavutköy, the northernmost part. Esenler and Bayrampaşa are at west, Sultangazi is at north and Eyüp is at south and east of district.
This was empty, stony pasture until the 1950s when immigrants from the Balkans (especially from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Western Thrace) were settled here. Much of their housing was illegally built, primitive tiny cottages. Gaziosmanpaşa expanded rapidly during the 1970s and 80s due to migration from eastern Anatolia. The population is still growing with half the people under 20 years old. NBA's Orlando Magic star, Hedo Türkoğlu, who played in the 2009 NBA Finals, was born in the district. The NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers center Semih Erden was also born in the district.
Gaziosmanpaşa today[edit]
The centre of Gaziosmanpaşa is still inhabited by the descendents of the 1950s and 1960s Balkan immigrants. Now most of the original illegal houses are being pulled down and replaced with semi-legal blocks of flats, to house the children and grandchildren.
Other areas, often isolated communities far out of the city, are dominated by populations of migrants from Anatolia. These areas are an ethnic, religious and political melting pot. In particular, one area of Gaziosmanpaşa has a substantial population of migrants from Tunceli Province, a province mainly populated by people who claim both Kurdish and Zaza identities. The mixture of people plus the number of young people in the communities has at times given Gaziosmanpaşa the unfortunate reputation for being the centre of crime and of left and right wing violence in Istanbul, with many Istanbul people referring to the area as 'little Colombia'.
The city council is trying to spend its way out of this situation by putting in sports facilities, theatres, shopping centres and better transport to the city. But still more and more housing is being built. As the area has grown without sufficient control or regulations the city is still struggling to put in schools and other infrastructure throughout Gaziosmanpaşa to support the population, while industrial development is taking place too.
The area itself suffers from unemployment despite the industry coming in, and the main employers are small workshops producing light fittings, electrical goods, clothing, lathe and metalwork and car repairs.
The district was named after Gazi Osman Pasha, a prominent Ottoman general who had been active in the Balkans.
External links[edit] |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Naddod (Old Norse: Naddoðr or Naddaðr, literally "studded")[1] was a Faroese Viking who is credited with the discovery of Iceland. Naddod was also one of the first settlers on the Faroe Islands after Grímur Kamban became the first to settle there around 825. Naddod was born in Agder, which comprises the two Norwegian counties of Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder.[2]
Landnámabók, a medieval Icelandic manuscript, describes in considerable detail the settlement (Icelandic: landnám) of Iceland by the Norse in the 9th and 10th century. According to Landnámabók, Iceland was discovered by Naddod, who was sailing from Norway to the Faroe Islands, but got lost and drifted to the east coast of Iceland. Naddod came upon the shore of a land with a bay and mountains near what is today the Icelandic town of Reyðarfjörður. Although he climbed a mountain to look for smoke rising from fireplaces he saw no sign of humans. Naddod decided to continue his journey to the Faroe Islands, but as he returned to his boat it started to snow and so he named the land Snæland (Snowland). The island later became known as Ísland (Iceland). (See names of Iceland).
Naddod is probably the father of Ann Naddodsdóttir from Shetland.
1. ^ Icelandic: Naddoður, Faroese: Naddoddur
2. ^ Iceland: The First Settlers
Other sources[edit]
• O'Donoghue, Heather Old Norse-Icelandic literature: a short introduction(Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)
External links[edit] |
Second Temple
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Second Temple was an important Jewish Holy Temple (Hebrew: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי: Bet HaMikdash HaSheni; Arabic: بيت القدس: Beit al-Quds) which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. It replaced the First Temple which was destroyed in 586 BCE, when the Jewish nation was exiled to Babylon. Jewish eschatology includes a belief that the Second Temple will in turn be replaced by a future Third Temple.
The accession of Cyrus the Great of Persia in 538 BCE made the re-establishment of the city of Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the Temple possible.[1][2] According to the Bible, when the Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem following a decree from Cyrus the Great (Ezra 1:1-4, 2 Chron 36:22-23), construction started at the original site of Solomon's Temple, which had remained a devastated heap during the approximately 70 years of captivity (Dan. 9:1-2). After a relatively brief halt due to opposition from peoples who had filled the vacuum during the Jewish captivity (Ezra 4), work resumed c. 521 BCE under the Persian King Darius the Great (Ezra 5) and was completed during the sixth year of his reign (c. 516 BCE), with the temple dedication taking place the following year.
Flavius Josephus records that Herod the Great completely rebuilt the Temple in 20-18 BCE, even going so far as to replace the foundation stones and to smooth off the surface of the Temple Mount. This Temple became known as Herod's Temple.
The Romans destroyed Jerusalem and its Temple in 70 CE under Titus, decisively ending the Great Jewish Revolt that had begun four years earlier. The lower levels of the Western Wall form part of the few surviving remains of Herod's complex.[3]
Traditional rabbinic sources state that the Second Temple stood for 420 years and based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, placed construction in 350 BCE (3408 AM), 166 years later than secular estimates, and destruction in 70 CE (3829 AM).[4]
Rebuilding the Temple[edit]
Based on the biblical account, after the return from Babylonian captivity, arrangements were immediately made to reorganize the desolated Yehud Province after the demise of the Kingdom of Judah seventy years earlier. The body of pilgrims, forming a band of 42,360,[5] having completed the long and dreary journey of some four months, from the banks of the Euphrates to Jerusalem, were animated in all their proceedings by a strong religious impulse, and therefore one of their first concerns was to restore their ancient house of worship by rebuilding their destroyed Temple[6] and reinstituting the sacrificial rituals known as the korbanot.
Seven years later, Cyrus the Great, who allowed the Jews to return to their homeland and rebuild the Temple, died,[10] and was succeeded by his son Cambyses. On his death, the "false Smerdis," an imposter, occupied the throne for some seven or eight months, and then Darius I of Persia became king (522 BCE). In the second year of this monarch the work of rebuilding the temple was resumed and carried forward to its completion,[11] under the stimulus of the earnest counsels and admonitions of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah. It was ready for consecration in the spring of 516 BCE, more than twenty years after the return from captivity. The Temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius, amid great rejoicings on the part of all the people[12] although it was evident that the Jews were no longer an independent people, but were subject to a foreign power. The Book of Haggai includes a prediction that the glory of the second temple would be greater than that of the first.[6][13]
Roman triumphal procession with spoils from the Temple, depicted on the inside wall of the Arch of Titus in Rome
Since some of the original artifacts were, according to the biblical account, lost after the destruction of the First Temple, the Second Temple lacked the following holy articles:
In the Second Temple, the Kodesh Hakodashim (Holy of Holies) was separated by curtains rather than a wall as in the First Temple. Still, as in the Tabernacle, the Second Temple included:
According to the Mishnah (Middot iii. 6), the "Foundation Stone" stood where the Ark used to be, and the High Priest put his censer on it on Yom Kippur.[2]
The Second Temple also included many of the original vessels of gold that had been taken by the Babylonians but restored by Cyrus the Great.[6][15] According to the Babylonian Talmud (Yoma 22b),[2] however, the Temple lacked the Shekinah, the dwelling or settling divine presence of God, and the Ruach HaKodesh, the Spirit of Holiness, present in the first.
Rededication by the Maccabees[edit]
Following the conquest of Judea by Alexander the Great, it became part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt until 200 BCE, when King Antiochus III the Great of Syria defeated King Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt at the Battle of Panion.[16] Judea became at that moment part of the Seleucid empire of Syria. When the Second Temple in Jerusalem was looted and its religious services stopped, Judaism was effectively outlawed. In 167 BCE, Antiochus IV Epiphanes ordered an altar to Zeus erected in the Temple. He also banned circumcision and ordered pigs to be sacrificed at the altar of the Temple.[17]
Following the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid empire, the Second Temple was rededicated and became the religious pillar of the Jewish Hasmonean kingdom, as well as culturally associated with the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah.
Herod's Temple[edit]
Model of Herod's Temple at the Israel Museum
Reconstruction of the temple under Herod began with a massive expansion of the Temple Mount. Religious worship and temple rituals continued during the construction process.[18] Following the Great Revolt of the Province of Iudaea, the Temple was destroyed by Roman troops under Titus during the Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE (74 years after Herod died). The most complete ancient account of this event is The Jewish War by Flavius Josephus. Later Roman governors used the remains to build palaces and a Temple of Jupiter, and the Byzantines a Church. It was not until the Dome of the Rock was built between 687 and 691 that the last remnants of the Temple were taken down. In addition to the platform, some remnants of the Temple remain above ground, including a step leading to the Dome of the Rock that is actually the capstone of the pre-Herodian wall of the Temple Mount platform.[19]
The Temple itself was located on the site of what today is the Dome of the Rock. The gates let out close to Al-Aqsa.[18]
James Tissot - Reconstruction of Jerusalem and the Temple of Herod - Brooklyn Museum
2A model of the Southern wall and Royal Colonnade
Herod's Temple was one of the larger construction projects of the 1st century BCE. Herod was interested in perpetuating his name for all eternity through building projects, and his construction program was extensive. He had magnificent palaces in Masada, Caesarea and Tiberias. Herod built temples for various pagan gods to serve the gentile populations, which were paid for by heavy taxes on the local Jewish population.[20] But his masterpiece was the Temple of Jerusalem. The old temple built by Zerubbabel was replaced by a magnificent edifice. An agreement was made between Herod and the Jewish religious authorities: the sacrificial rituals, called offerings, were to be continued unabated for the entire time of construction, and the Temple itself would be constructed by the priests. Later the Exodus 30:13 sanctuary shekel was reinstituted to support the temple as the temple tax.
Mt. Moriah had a plateau at the northern end, and steeply declined on the southern slope. It was Herod's plan that the entire mountain be turned into a giant square platform. The Temple Mount was originally intended to be 1600 feet wide by 900 feet broad by 9 stories high, with walls up to 16 feet thick, but had never been finished. To complete it, a trench was dug around the mountain, and huge stone "bricks" were laid. Some of these weighed well over 100 tons, the largest measuring 44.6 feet by 11 feet by 16.5 feet and weighing approximately 567 to 628 tons,[21][22] while most were in the range of 2.5 by 3.5 by 15 feet (approximately 28 tons). King Herod had architects from Greece, Rome and Egypt plan the construction. The blocks were presumably quarried by using pickaxes to create channels. Then they hammered in wooden beams and flushed them with water to force them out. Once they were removed, they were carved into precise squares and numbered at the quarry to show where they would be installed. The final carving would have been done by using harder stones to grind or chisel them to create precise joints. They would have been transported using oxen and specialized carts. Since the quarry was uphill from the temple they had gravity on their side but care needed to be taken to control the descent. Final installation would have been done using pulleys or cranes. Roman pulleys and cranes weren't strong enough to lift the blocks alone so they may have used multiple cranes and levers to position them.[23] As the mountainside began to rise, the western side was carved away to a vertical wall and bricks were carved to create a virtual continuation of the brick face, which was continued for a while until the northern slope reached ground level. Part of the Antonian hill to the north of Moriah was annexed to the complex and the area between was filled up with landfill.
The project began with the building of giant underground vaults upon which the temple would be built so it could be larger than the small flat area on top of Mount Moriah. Ground level at the time was at least 20 ft. (6m) below the current level, as can be seen by walking the Western Wall tunnels. Legend has it that the construction of the entire complex lasted only three years, but other sources such as Josephus say that it took far longer, although the Temple itself may have taken that long. During a Passover visit by Jesus the Jews replied that it had been under construction for 46 years.[24] It is possible that the complex was only a few years completed when the future Emperor Titus destroyed the Temple in 70 CE.
Pilgrimages to Jerusalem[edit]
Robinson's Arch - remains of the entrance built by Herod to the Royal Colonnade
A Jew from distant parts of the Roman Empire would arrive by boat at the port of Jaffa (now part of Tel Aviv), where they would join a caravan for the three day trek to the Holy City (a trip that only takes about an hour by automobile today), and would then find lodgings in one of the many hotels or hostelries. Then they changed some of their money from the profane standard Greek and Roman currency for Jewish and Tyrian money, the latter two considered religious.[25][26] The pilgrim would purchase a sacrificial animal, usually a pigeon or a lamb, in preparation for the following day's events.
The gleaming white marble of the edifice was visible from well outside the walls of the city. The scale of the building was designed to impress, and it dominated the landscape, effectively becoming the focal point of Jerusalem. Even the three great towers near Herod's palace seemed small in comparison.
The first thing a pilgrim would do would be to approach the public entrance on the south side of the Temple Mount complex. They would check their animal,[clarification needed] then visit a mikveh, where they would ritually cleanse and purify themselves. The pilgrim would then retrieve their sacrificial animal, and head to the Huldah gates. After ascending a staircase three stories in height, and passing through the gate, the pilgrim would find themselves in the "Court of the Gentiles."
Court of the Gentiles[edit]
This area was primarily a bazaar, with vendors selling souvenirs, sacrificial animals, food, as well as currency changers, exchanging Roman for Tyrian money because the Jews were not allowed to coin their own money and they viewed Roman currency as an abomination to the Lord,[27] as also mentioned in the New Testament account of Jesus and the Money Changers when Jerusalem was packed with Jews who had come for Passover, perhaps numbering 300,000 to 400,000 pilgrims.[28][29] Guides that provided tours of the premises were also available. Jewish males had the unique opportunity to be shown inside the temple itself.
The priests, in their white linen robes and tubular hats, were everywhere, directing pilgrims and advising them on what kinds of sacrifices were to be performed.
Behind them as they entered the Court of the Gentiles from the south was the Royal Porch, which contained a marketplace, administrative quarters, and a synagogue. On the upper floors, the great Jewish sages held court, priests and Levites performed various chores, and from there, tourists were able to observe the events.
To the east of the court was Solomon's Porch, and to the north, the soreg, the "middle wall of separation",[30] a stone wall separating the public area from the inner sanctuary where only Jews could enter, described as being 3 cubits high by Josephus (Wars 5.5.2 [3b] 6.2.4).
Inside the Soreg[edit]
According to Josephus, there were ten entrances into the inner courts, four on the south, four on the north, one on the east and one leading east to west from the Court of Women to the court of the Israelites, named the Nicanor Gate.[31] The gates were: On the south side (going from west to east) the Fuel Gate, the Firstling Gate, the Water Gate. On the north side, from west to east, are the Jeconiah Gate, the Offering Gate, the Women's Gate and the Song Gate. On the Eastern side, the Nicanor gate, which is where most Jewish visitors entered. A few pieces of the Soreg have survived to the present day.
Within this area was the Court of the Women, open to all Jews, male and female. Even a ritually unclean Cohen could enter to perform various housekeeping duties. There was also a place for lepers (considered ritually unclean), as well as a ritual barbershop for Nazirites. In this, the largest of the temple courts, one could see constant dancing, singing and music.
Only men were allowed to enter the Court of the Israelites, where they could observe sacrifices of the high priest in the Court of the Priests. The Court of the Priests was reserved for Levite priests.
Temple sanctuary[edit]
Between the entrance of the building and the curtain veiling the Holy of Holies were the famous vessels of the temple: the menorah, the incense-burning altar, and various other implements.
Destruction of the Temple[edit]
In 66 AD the Jewish population rebelled against the Roman Empire. Four years later, in 70 AD, Roman legions under Titus retook and subsequently destroyed much of Jerusalem and the Second Temple. The Arch of Titus, located in Rome and built to commemorate Titus's victory in Judea, depicts a Roman victory procession with soldiers carrying spoils from the Temple, including the Menorah; which were used to fund the construction of the Colosseum.[32] Although Jews continued to inhabit the destroyed city, Jerusalem was razed by the Emperor Hadrian at the end of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE when he established a new city called Aelia Capitolina.
The destruction date according to the Hebrew calendar was the 9th of Av, also known as Tisha B'Av,[33] (29 or 30 July 70).[citation needed]
Archaeological findings[edit]
In 1871, the Temple Warning inscription was identified by Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau.
Second Temple Judaism[edit]
The period between the construction of the Second Temple in 515 BCE and its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE witnessed major historical upheavals and significant religious changes that would affect most subsequent Western (or Abrahamic) religions. The origins of the authority of scripture, of the centrality of law and morality in religion, of the synagogue and of apocalyptic expectations for the future all developed in the Judaism of this period.
See also[edit]
1. ^ Samuelson, Norbert Max. Revelation and the God of Israel, Cambridge University Press, 2002. pg. 226. ISBN 0-521-81202-X
2. ^ a b c d e f "Temple, The Second". Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901–1906.
3. ^ Porter, J.R. The Illustrated Guide to the Bible, Oxford University Press US, 1998. pg. 91. ISBN 0-19-521462-5
4. ^ Goldwurm, Hersh. History of the Jewish people: the Second Temple era, Mesorah Publications, 1982. Appendix: Year of the Destruction, pg. 213. ISBN 0-89906-454-X
5. ^ Ezra 2:65
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Temple, the Second". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
7. ^ Ezra 2
8. ^ Haggai 2:3
9. ^ Zechariah 4:10
10. ^ 2 Chronicles 36:22-23
11. ^ Ezra 5:6-6:15
12. ^ Ezra 6:15,16
13. ^ Haggai 2:9
14. ^ Maimonides. "Mishneh Torah, Sefer Avodah, Beis Habechirah, Chapter 4, Halacha 1". Retrieved May/20/13.
15. ^ Ezra 1:7-11
16. ^ De Bellis Antiquitatis (DBA) The Battle of Panion (200 BC)
17. ^ Flavius Josephus, The Wars of the Jews Jewish War i. 34
18. ^ a b Secrets of Jerusalem's Temple Mount, Leen Ritmeyer, Kathleen Ritmeyer, 1998
19. ^ The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount, Gershom Gorenberg, Oxford University Press US, 2002, 78
20. ^ Flavius Josephus: The Jewish War
21. ^ The History Channel cited the 16.5 depth 567 ton estimate in "Lost Worlds of King Herod"
22. ^ Dan Bahat: Touching the Stones of our Heritage, Israeli ministry of Religious Affairs, 2002
23. ^ "Modern Marvels: Bible tech" History channel
24. ^ Gospel of John 2:20
27. ^ Beasley-Murray, G. (1999). Word biblical commentary: John (2 ed., Vol. 36). Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson.
28. ^ Sanders, E. P. The historical figure of Jesus. Penguin, 1993. p. 249
30. ^ In verse 14 of Ephesians 2:11–18
31. ^ Josephus, War 5.5.2; 198; m. Mid. 1.4
32. ^ Alföldy, Géza (1995). "Eine Bauinschrift aus dem Colosseum". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 109: 195–226. JSTOR 20189648.
33. ^ Simmons, Shraga. "Tisha B'Av – Ninth of Av". Retrieved May/20/13.
34. ^ Gaffney, Sean (2007-09-24). ", Report: Herod's Temple quarry found". Retrieved 2013-08-31.
External links[edit] |
It's 7 a.m. at the Culinary Institute of America at Greystone. Chef John Difilippo is in front of his baking and pastry class, explaining the difference between a pie and a tart. “This is not a pie, it’s a tart,” he tells the students, who are surprisingly alert and maybe even a little hyper for so early in the morning. They lean forward in their seats. “A tart is more refined than a pie, while a pie is more rustic,” he tells them. RECIPE: Pear ...
Register to view this Article
Why Register for FREE?
Already registered? here. |
July 8, 2011
Graham, Hyde grabbing attention
Follow Noon on Twitter | Ari on Twitter
COLUMBUS, Ohio - Because Ohio State faces perhaps its biggest quarterback uncertainty in a decade, fullback Zach Boren was asked Wednesday what he feels a quarterback can do to make the team confident in him.
"Take charge. That's the big thing," Boren responded. "If a quarterback comes in, even if you're young, a freshman or sophomore or a senior, if you come in and take charge you have my respect. Someone who opens up their mouth and says let's go, this is my offense and let's roll with it.
"It's kind of nice when you have a quarterback back there who is directing everyone," Boren continued. "That's the quarterbacks job to know what everyone is doing and direct them. I wouldn't say he has to be a leader, but he has to be vocal."
With the early departure of Terrelle Pryor - who left the program prematurely as the target of an NCAA investigation, one would thing Ohio State would be hard-pressed to have such a leader given all the candidates to replace the standout are limited in experience.
Aside from Joe Bauserman - who has little in-game experience despite being 25 years and old a senior - none of the other candidates to take over the job in 2011 have been around long enough to ever be considered for ample playing time.
That didn't matter. To Boren, one unexpected quarterback has filled the above criteria.
"Taylor Graham did a little just because he knew everything, he was out directing people and stuff like that," Boren said. "Which is a breath of fresh air, especially with a young guy like that."
Graham has been considered by few as a reasonable option for Ohio State heading into fall camp, specifically because the two leading candidates are Bauserman, the veteran, and the to-flight recruit coming out of high school in Braxton Miller.
Since the competition began, which also includes Kenny Guiton, the quarterbacks have had only spring practice to compete directly against one another.
In the culmination of that competition - the spring game - it was Miller who was perhaps the most impressive, using his legs to extend plays and move the chains. Bauserman, on the other hand, struggled much like he did in some mop-up time during the regular season the year before.
Though not unnoticed, Graham had a touchdown strike that showed off his impeccable arm strength and sported a calm demeanor in pockets that were deteriorating.
Those skills have seemingly translated into summer workouts, which were enough for Boren to come away impressed.
"Yeah I could. I definitely could," Boren responded when asked if he could see Graham as the starter for the Buckeyes. "He's a great football player - very, very smart. He has a great arm and stuff but I could also see the other three starting out there behind us.
"He can throw the ball. He's very smart. Usually I'll have to yell out stuff when we're back in the backfield, but Taylor took control (in the spring)," Boren said. "He knew everything and knew exactly what he was talking about."
Perhaps the biggest thing that can take the burden off a quarterback are the running backs, and Ohio State is missing its best one in Dan Herron for the five games of next season.
Though a lot of the other options in the backfield are inexperienced, the Buckeyes running back room sports perhaps the most depth, which is probably why Carlos Hyde's name was somewhat forgotten this spring.
With guys like Jaamal Berry and Jordan Hall in front of him on the depth chart, Hyde's role seemed to be reserved for short yardage situations, which was appropriate considering his 6-foot and 235-pound frame.
But his name was quickly remembered when Boren spoke about the team's summer 40-yard dash sessions, where Hyde reportedly ran it in 4.42 seconds - the fastest of any of the running backs.
"Carlos, who we call 'Cheese,' is a big running back," Boren said.. "He's huge but he's the fastest of them all. You don't really realize how fast he is until he gets out in the open."
The Buckeyes are looking for new faces to step on the offensive side of the ball this offseason. Perhaps most have been too quick to decide who those faces will be.
|
End of preview. Expand
in Dataset Viewer.
README.md exists but content is empty.
Use the Edit dataset card button to edit it.
- Downloads last month
- 44