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[ "Sarcoprion Sarcoprion (from the Ancient Greek for \"flesh saw\") is an extinct genus of eugeneodontid holocephalids from the Permian of Greenland. Similar to other eugeneodontids such as \"Edestus\" and \"Heliocoprion\", it was best known for its extremely bizarre tooth morphology compared to other species of sharks and their closest relatives, the chimaeras. Compared to other members of the Helicoprionidae (teeth of Agassiz), its \"tooth whorls\" were found to be sharper, more compact, and in better condition than other sharks of the time, and refrained from growing to extremely unwieldy forms that would raise questions about its ability to feed properly. The genus contains one species, \"Sarcoprion edax\" (\"gluttonous flesh saw\"), found in Permian-aged marine strata of \"Meddelelser om Grønland\". \"Sarcoprion\" had a jaw and mouth structure which allowed it to be more hydrodynamic, reducing the size and shape of the tooth whorl and increasing the size of the rostrum. \"Sarcoprion\" is thought to have pursued smaller, fast-moving prey similar to today's mako shark. Estimations on its size suggested an average length of 6 m (20 ft) from the two specimens discovered in Greenland. Using the compact tooth whorl during hunting, \"Sarcoprion\" hunted a large variety of species, diving at them with high speed and sawing vulnerable areas. Any creatures that were wedged between its rostrum and its teeth were vertically thrashed to inflict maximum damage." ]

[ "Linhe–Ceke railway Linhai–Ceke railway or Lince railway () is a railway in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of northwestern China between the city of Bayan Nur, formerly known as Linhe, and Ceke, a border post in Ejin Banner on the China–Mongolia border. The railway is in total length, and runs entirely in desert regions. The line was built with investments of ¥4.27 billion. It opened to freight operations in December 2009 and passenger service in November 2010, but has been plagued by sandstorms and shifting dunes, which have buried tracks and disrupted service. In the east, the Linhe–Ceke railway branches off the Baotou–Lanzhou railway at Linhe, on the Yellow River, and it runs due west through Hanggin Rear Banner, Tukemumiao, Suhongtu and Ejin to Ceke, where the line meets the Jiayuguan–Ceke railway. The Lince railway crosses the Ulanbuhe, Yamaleike, and the Badain Jaran Deserts, and over of track is laid in desert or Gobi terrain. Over 90% of the line lies in areas with no highway access. Of the line's 18 stations, 13 have no running water. The line has 180 bridges and 1,000 tunnels and underpasses, including passage ways for Mongolian gazelle in the of wilderness from Wuliji to Ejin. The Ceke railway is designed to serve as part of a longer rail corridor between North China and Xinjiang, and to carry coal produced from the Nariin Sukhait mining complex (Ovoot Tolgoi) in southern Mongolia near Ceke. In the first year of operation, the line carried 390,000 tons of coal, and also delivered 3,000 tons of water, 15,000 barrels of drinking water and 20,000 kg of food to stations and remote communities along route. Since the railway opened in December 2009, service has been adversely affected by sand storms and shifting dunes, which affects of track. Sand storms occur in the region on as many as 230 days per year, with sustained gusts reaching Level 11 on the Beaufort Scale. In the first year of operations, over 10,000 workers were mobilized and ¥71 million was spent to clear track, spread sand-control netting, build sand-restraint devices, and plant trees. Nine sand control centers were established along route. Service was suspended for two months in the spring of 2010, and when freight service was restored in July, traffic was reduced from eight pairs of trains per day to two pairs. In the first 36 days after passenger service was introduced in November 2010, sand storms buried track on 27 days and caused 51 service disruptions. Sand storms have reduced effective speed on eight sections of track between Suhongtu to Swan Lake to . When passenger service began in November 2010, a journey from Hohhot to Ejin took 14 hours and 55 minutes. As of October 2012, schedule systems showed one daily train between these points, with similar travel times. The schedule shows no stops between the Linhe Station and Ejin, presumably because no one lives there. In 2011 and 2012, the line carried, respectively, 1.39 and 1.1 million metric tons of coal." ]

[ "Seilala Mapusua Seilala Mapusua (born 27 February 1980 in Whakatane, New Zealand is a New Zealand-born Samoan rugby player currently playing with the Kubota Spears of the Japanese Top League. Prior to his move to Japan in 2011, he also had long stints with the Highlanders in Super Rugby and London Irish in the Aviva Premiership. Mapusua grew up in Wellington, New Zealand and attended school at Wesley College in Auckland moving south to join Otago for the 2000 provincial season. His strong performances for Otago saw him earn a contract with the Highlanders for the 2002 Super 12 season and he remained a fixture for both Otago and the Highlanders through 2006. By the time he left New Zealand he was only the fifth back to have played more than 50 games for the Highlanders. Mapusua joined London Irish for the 2006–07 Guinness Premiership, and immediately established himself as a top player for the side, scoring 4 tries in 22 matches. He was named the team's top newcomer for his efforts. In 2008–09, he would have a towering season for London Irish, scoring 9 tries in 27 matches in all competitions and leading the club to the Premiership final. At the conclusion of the season he was named the PRA Players' Player of the Season. He continued as a regular starter through 2011, and by the conclusion of his stay in London had played 125 games with the side including 91 Premiership matches and 23 Heineken Cup contests. In January 2011, Mapusua announced that he was signing in Japan with the Kubota Spears for the 2011–12 season. Mapusua made his debut for Samoa against Japan on 17 June 2006 and represented Samoa in the 2007 Rugby World Cup. He has also been selected to the touring Pacific Islanders on three occasions. Both of his test tries have come against Wales at the Millennium Stadium - for the Pacific Islanders on 11 November 2006, and for Samoa on 13 November 2009." ]

[ "Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani Abdullah Fa'izi al-Daghestani (December 14, 1891 – September 30, 1973), commonly known as Shaykh Abdullah, was a Dagestani shaykh of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi order. He was born in the Caucasian region of Dagestan, then part of the Russian Empire, in 1891. Both his father and elder brother were medical doctors, the latter being a surgeon in the Imperial Russian Army. Shaykh Abdullah was raised and trained by his maternal uncle, Shaykh Sharafuddin Daghestani (1875–1936). In the late 1890s Shaykh Abdullah's family emigrated to the Ottoman Empire, following his uncle shaykh Sharafuddin who had emigrated in the 1870s. They settled in the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa and then, after a year, moved to Reşadiye, now known as Güneyköy, Turkey. A new village was established that was populated by Dagestani refugees. Shortly thereafter, Shaykh Abdullah’s father died, and at the age of fifteen, he married a Dagestani named Halima. In 1910, after merely six months of marriage, Shaykh Sharafuddin ordered Abdullah into sacred seclusion (\"khalwat\") for five years. This practice included severe austerities that were intended to raise his spiritual rank. When Abdullah returned to secular life the Ottoman Empire was embroiled in the First World War. Along with many young men of his village, Abdullah entered military service and took part in the Battle of Gallipoli. During a firefight he was severely wounded by enemy fire. In 1921, Abdullah was instructed by Shaykh Sharafuddin to enter another five years seclusion. He completed this and was then granted a license, or \"ijazah\", to be a master, or shaykh, in the Naqshbandi order. Because of anti-Sufi regulations in the new Turkish Republic, Shaykh Abdullah began to contemplate leaving the country. After the death of Shaykh Sharafuddin in 1936, a delegation came to Reşadiye from King Farouk to pay their condolences, as he had many followers in Egypt. One of Shaykh Abdullah's daughters married a member of the delegation. Shaykh Abdullah and the family then moved to Egypt, though they would remain there for only half a year as the marriage soon ended in divorce. Following his daughter's divorce, Shaykh Abdullah and his family then moved to Syria where he would remain for the rest of his life. He resided for a time in Aleppo, moved to Homs and then finally to Damascus near the tomb of saint Sa’d ad-Din Jibawi. There, he established the first tekke for his branch of the Naqshbandi order. In 1943, he moved to a house on Jabal Qasioun mountain. The house was bought by his first Syrian murid and later one of his deputies in the Sufi order, Shaykh Husayn Ifrini. This house is now the site of his burial shrine and its adjoining mosque. Shaykh Abdullah died on September 30, 1973, in Beirut, Lebanon. His grave and burial shrine is in Damascus, Syria, at the site of his former home and mosque on \"Jabal Qasioun\" mountain. Among his notable followers were the Sufi shaykhs Nazim al-Haqqani,adil Merlet, Husayn Ifrini, Hisham Kabbani, and Adnan Kabbani. One of his successors, Shaykh Nazim, went on to spread this branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order to many countries in the world and was considered among the world's most influential Muslims. An internet rumor claims that the Dagestani Sufi shaykh Said Afandi al-Chirkawi (d. 2012), former head of another branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi path, denied the legitimacy of the \"ijaza\", or authorization, of Shaykh Abdullah's teacher, Shaykh Sharafuddin. This is unsupported by what Shaykh al-Chirkawi has actually written on the matter" ]

[ "2011–12 Orlando Magic season The 2011–12 Orlando Magic season was the 23rd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team finished in 6th place in the Eastern Conference with a 37–29 record in a regular season shortened by the lockout and an offseason where trade rumours that included starting center Dwight Howard abounded. After the Magic's playoff loss against the Indiana Pacers in the first round of the 2012 NBA Playoffs, the Orlando franchise parted ways with head coach Stan Van Gundy and General Manager Otis Smith. The Amway Center, the Magic's home court, was the venue of the 2012 NBA All-Star Game. This season also marked the end of an era as Dwight Howard was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2012 off-season. Since Howard's departure, the Magic has not returned to the playoffs. Due to the 2011 NBA lockout negotiations, the programmed pre-season schedule, along with the first two weeks of the regular season were scrapped, and a two-game pre-season was set for each team once the lockout concluded. Many players signed with teams from other leagues due to the 2011 NBA lockout. FIBA allows players under NBA contracts to sign and play for teams from other leagues if the contracts have opt-out clauses that allow the players to return to the NBA if the lockout ends. The Chinese Basketball Association, however, only allows its clubs to sign foreign free agents who could play for at least the entire season." ]

[ "Stephen S. F. Chen Stephen S. F. Chen () is a politician in the Republic of China. Chen was born in Nanjing. During the Sino-Japanese War, he and his family followed the national government to Chongqing. At the end of the Second World War, the family moved back to Nanjing. With the coming of the Chinese Civil War, he went to live with the family of his elder sister in Manila, Philippines where he attended Chiang Kai Shek High School now Chiang Kai Shek College. He graduated from the University of Santo Tomas with a BA in 1957 and an MA in political science in 1959 from Manila, Philippines. . In 1960, Chen entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China. He served in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Argentina; and Bolivia. He was consul general in Atlanta from 1973 to 1979, when the United States ceased to recognize the Republic of China. From 1997 to 2000, Chen was director of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Washington, D.C., representing the interests of the Republic of China in the United States as a de facto ambassador. Ambassador Chen served as the head of the mission of the Republic of China in the USA from 1997-2000. On April 26, 2005, he traveled with former Republic of China Vice President Lien Chan and other Kuomintang members to mainland China to meet with the leaders of the Communist Party of China. In November, 2008 he traveled with Lien Chan, special envoy of President Ma Ying-Jeou to the APEC meeting in Lima, Peru where in a side meeting they met with the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Hu Jintao, in the highest level of official exchange between mainland China and Taiwan on an international stage. He currently serves as National Policy Advisor to the President of the Republic of China on Taiwan. He recently spoke at the Center for Strategic and International Studies on the position of the Republic of China on the Diaoyutai issue. A short list of his posts follows: First Secretary in the Embassy for the Republic of China in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1963-1969. Adviser, Republic of China Delegation to the Annual Meeting of the IMF and World Bank, Rio de Janeiro, 1967. Chief, Second Section, Latin American Affairs Department, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China, Taiwan 1969-1971. Counselor, Embassy for the Republic of China in Buenos Aires, Argentine 1971-1972. Charge d'Affair in La Paz, Bolivia, 1972-1973. Consul General in the Atlanta consulate of Republic of China, 1973-1979. Director General for the Atlanta office of the Coordination Council for North American Affairs, 1980. Director General for the Chicago office of the Coordination Council for North American Affairs, 1980-1982. Consul General attached to the Secretariat, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China, Taiwan, 1982–1984 Director General, Department of Treaty & Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China, Taiwan, 1984–1986 Director General, Department of International Organizations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China, Taiwan, 1986–1988 Director General for Los Angeles office of the Coordination Council for North American Affairs, 1988-1989. Deputy Ambassador, Coordination Council for North American Affairs, in Washington D.C. 1989-1993. Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1993-96. Deputy Secretary General of the Office of the President, Republic of China, 1996-1997. Ambassador, Head of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States, Washington D.C. 1997-2000. Speeches." ]

[ "Miriam Byrne Miriam Alexandra Frances Byrne is a priest of the Scottish Episcopal Church (SEC). A former Roman Catholic nun, she was ordained in 1994 and was Priest in charge of St Augustine, Dumbarton before becoming the Provost of St Paul’s Cathedral, Dundee in the Diocese of Brechin; and thus the most senior female cleric in the SEC. She was suspended in 2000 over disputed liturgical decisions and administrative style but reinstated by the college of bishops and cleared of all charges. She successfully continued her ministry and established a thriving congregation. She also reinvigorated the cathedral finances with diverse business practices including the establishment of a successful day nursery. In April 2006, she announced her resignation as provost and moved to France." ]

[ "William the Clerk of Normandy William the Clerk of Normandy () (fl. 1210/1211–1227/1238) was a Norman cleric and Old French poet. He is not the same person as the Scoto-Norman poet William the Clerk, who wrote the \"Roman de Fergus\", sometimes wrongly attributed to the Norman. William was married with a family. Both the \"Catholic Encyclopedia\" and the \"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\" (ODB) maintains that he lived for a time in England, but it remains that he did not write in the Anglo-Norman dialect. He was originally from Normandy and his works suggest that he resided in the Diocese of Lichfield in England. William authored \"six religio-didactic works for lay audiences\" (ODB). The oldest, dated to 1210 or 1211, and most popular—it survives in twenty manuscripts—is the \"Bestiaire divin\" (\"Divine Bestiary\"), a work of natural history and theology. It is dated on the basis of a reference to the sad state of the English Church in 1208. It contains many descriptions of animal life. It is dedicated to William's lord, a certain \"Radulphus\", whose name is the object of an etymology given in the epilogue. Radulphus may be Ralph of Maidstone, who was treasurer of Lichfield in 1215. The \"Bestiaire\" was given several printings between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. William's also wrote the \"Vie de Tobie\" for one William, prior of Kenilworth in Arden (1214–27), also in the diocese of Lichfield, and \"Les joies de notre Dame\" (or \"nostre Dame\"), which survives in only a single manuscript. The legendary \"Vie de Sainte Marie-Madeleine\", a short biography of Mary Magdalene, belongs to an unknown date. The \"Besant de Dieu\", an allegorical poem, William composed in 1226 or 1227. For this William drew on several recent events: the publication of \"De miseria conditionis humanae\" by Pope Innocent III, the Fourth Crusade, the interdict placed on England by Innocent in 1208–13, the Albigensian Crusade, and the Albigensian campaigns of Louis VIII of France. William also comments on the oppression of the peasantry by their rulers. William's last piece, \"Les treis moz de l'evesque de Lincoln\", was written between 1227 and 1238 for Alexander Stavensby, the Bishop of Lichfield. Several \"fabliaux\" have been erroneously assigned to William: \"Du prestre et d'Alison\", \"La male honte\", and \"La fille à la bourgeoise\". There is no grounds for these ascriptions." ]

[ "Jewels (mixed martial arts) Jewels (styled JEWELS in capitals) is a mixed martial arts organization owned by Marverous Japan Co., Ltd. focused on female fighters. It is the direct successor of Smackgirl. It has a working relationship with fellow mixed martial arts promotion Deep presided by Shigeru Saeki (also the Jewels supervisor). After the women MMA promotion Smackgirl faced severe financial difficulties caused by the unexpected departure of major sponsors and television network deals, an executive from Japanese event production company Archery Inc., Yuichi Ozono, formed the company Marverous Japan and acquired the assets and rights formerly belonging to Smackgirl parent company Kilgore. Since the reputation of Smackgirl was tarnished by all the problems it faced, it was decided to start anew. On June 9, 2012, it was announced that Jewels has formed a strategic partnership with American promotion Invicta Fighting Championships to cross-promote the world’s top female fighters on their respective fight cards in the United States and Japan. On Jewels announced that it would cease operations as an independent company, with Yuichi Ozono, then head of Jewels, stepping down and Shigeru Saeki from Deep, formerly supervisor, taking the full direction, and transferring fighters and brand to the new Deep Jewels brand, which would be managed by Deep." ]

[ "Ian Ian or Iain is a name of Scottish Gaelic origin, ultimately derived from Hebrew Yohanan and corresponding to English John. The spelling Ian is an Anglicization of the Scottish Gaelic forename \"Iain\". It is a very popular name in much of the English-speaking world and especially in Scotland, where it originated. The name has now fallen out of the top 100 male baby names in the UK, having peaked in popularity as one of the top 10 names throughout the 1960s, while remaining roughly constant in popularity in the US. Back in 1900, Ian was the 180th most popular male baby name in England and Wales. Other Gaelic forms of \"John\" include \"Seonaidh\" (\"Johnny\" from Lowland Scots), \"Seon\" (from English), \"Seathan\", and \"Seán\" and \"Eoin\" (from Irish). Its Welsh counterpart is Ioan and Breton equivalent is Yann." ]

[ "Ron Alting Ron Alting is a member of the Indiana State Senate representing the 22nd district, serving Tippecanoe County. He is a Republican. Senator Alting was first elected to the Indiana State Senate in 1998. Prior to that, Alting served as a member of the Lafayette, Indiana City Council. Ron Alting is a widower with two children named Ronnie Jr. and Ashley. His hometown is in Lafayette, Indiana. He also is of the Methodist religion. Ron Alting received his BS from Purdue University. Ron Alting has been a member of the following Legislative Committees: Ron Alting has had the following political experiences: Ron Alting has been a member of the following committees:" ]

[ "Sasaki Takatsuna An infant at the time of the Heiji Rebellion (1159–1160), Takatsuna was spared the destruction of his family several years later. He grew up with an aunt in Kyoto, and joined the forces of Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1180, when Yoritomo called for aid against the Taira. Takatsuna saved Yoritomo's life at the battle of Ishibashiyama, and aided in the destruction of the Taira following the end of the war. As a result, he was rewarded with the position of \"shugo\" or governor of Nagato province. In 1195, Takatsuna retired to Mount Koya to become a Shingon priest. He left his son with his title, land, and all his material possessions. He is said to have died in 1214 in Matsumoto, Nagano (then Shinano Province). Nogi Maresuke was one of his descendants. When depicted in tales or in art, Takatsuna is often shown racing Kajiwara Kagesue across the River Uji atop Shōgun Yoritomo's white horse, Ikezuki, to be the first to engage in battle at the 1184 battle of Uji." ]

[ "Duplexer A duplexer is an electronic device that allows bi-directional (duplex) communication over a single path. In radar and radio communications systems, it isolates the receiver from the transmitter while permitting them to share a common antenna. Most radio repeater systems include a duplexer. Duplexers can be based on frequency (often a waveguide filter), polarization (such as an orthomode transducer), or timing (as is typical in radar). In radar, a transmit/receive (TR) switch alternately connects the transmitter and receiver to a shared antenna. In the simplest arrangement, the switch consists of a gas-discharge tube across the input terminals of the receiver. When the transmitter is active, the resulting high voltage causes the tube to conduct, shorting together the receiver terminals to protect it, while its complementary, the anti-transmit/receive (ATR) switch, is a similar discharge tube which decouples the transmitter from the antenna while not operating, to prevent it from wasting received energy. In radio communications (as opposed to radar), the transmitted and received signals can occupy different frequency bands, and so may be separated by frequency-selective filters. These are effectively a higher performance version of a diplexer, typically with a narrow split between the two frequencies in question (typically around 2%-5% for a commercial two-way radio system). With a duplexer the high and low frequency signals are traveling in opposite directions at the shared port of the duplexer. Modern duplexers often use nearby frequency bands, so the frequency separation between the two ports is also much less. For example, the transition between the uplink and downlink bands in the GSM frequency bands may be about 1 percent (915 MHz to 925 MHz). Significant attenuation (isolation) is needed to prevent the transmitter's output from overloading the receiver's input, so such duplexers will employ multi-pole filters. Duplexers are commonly made for use on the 30-50 MHz (\"low band\"), 136-174 MHz (\"high band\"), 380-520 MHz (\"UHF\"), plus the 790–862 MHz (\"800\"), 896-960 MHz (\"900\") and 1215-1300 MHz (\"1200\") bands. There are two predominant types of duplexer in use - \"notch duplexers\", which exhibit sharp notches at the \"unwanted\" frequencies and only pass through a narrow band of wanted frequencies and \"bandpass duplexers\", which have wide pass frequency ranges and high out of band attenuation. On shared antenna sites, the bandpass duplexer variety is greatly preferred because this virtually eliminates interference between transmitters and receivers by removing out of band transmit emissions and considerably improving the selectivity of receivers. Most professionally engineered sites ban the use of notch duplexers and insist on bandpass duplexers for this reason. \"Note 1:\" A duplexer must be designed for operation in the frequency band used by the receiver and transmitter, and must be capable of handling the output power of the transmitter. \"Note 2:\" A duplexer must provide adequate rejection of transmitter noise occurring at the receive frequency, and must be designed to operate at, or less than, the frequency separation between the transmitter and receiver. \"Note 3:\" A duplexer must provide sufficient isolation to prevent receiver desensitization. Source: from Federal Standard 1037C" ]

[ "Pleasure Syndrome Pleasure Syndrome is the second studio album by the Australian alternative rock/post-punk band Witch Hats, released through Longtime Listener/BMG on 14 October 2011. The album was produced by US-born producer/engineer Casey Rice (Dirty Three, Tortoise). Guitarist Tom Barry left the group shortly after the recording sessions of \"Pleasure Syndrome\" and was quickly replaced by Robert Wrigley. A video clip for \"Hear Martin\" was released (view here) in August 2011, which was followed by a second clip for \"In the Mortuary\" in January 2012. In June 2012, Buscombe spoke to \"The Brag'\" about \"Pleasure Syndrome\" saying that while he is satisfied with the album as a piece of work, he is disappointed with its longevity and also revealed that they had problems with their record label, Longtime Listener who distributed it." ]

[ "2007–08 Japan Figure Skating Championships The 2007–08 Japan Figure Skating Championships were the 76th Japan Figure Skating Championships to be held. They were held at the Namihaya Dome arena in Kadoma, Osaka on December 26–28, 2007. National Champions were crowned in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing. Results of this competition were used to help pick the teams for the 2008 World Championships and the 2008 Four Continents Championships. The 2007–08 Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships took place in Sendai between November 24 and 25, 2007. The following skaters placed high enough at Novice Nationals to be invited to compete here: Yuzuru Hanyu (1st in Novice, 3rd in Junior), Keiji Tanaka (second in Novice, 8th in Junior), and Ryuju Hino (third in novice, 10th in Junior) in men. In ladies, it was Roanna-Sari Oshikawa (1st in novice, 25 in juniors), Yukiko Fujisawa (second in novice, 19th in juniors), and Miho Sasaki (third in novice, 14th in juniors). Although normally under the rules, a podium finish in the men's event on the Junior level would bring an invitation to compete at the senior level, twelve-year-old Hanyu was not able to be invited due to his age and skating level. Yukihiro Yoshida was therefore invited instead. Hanyu is also not listed as an alternate to Junior Worlds because he is not old enough to attend that competition. Ayane Nakamura withdrew before the competition. After Junior Nationals, the World Junior team was announced as follows:" ]

[ "Mammatus (band) Mammatus are a psychedelic rock band from Santa Cruz, California. Mammatus formed in early of 2005, and played their first show at the Silent Planet in Corralitos on March 20, 2005. Since then they have played in living rooms and dive bars in Santa Cruz, opened for more reputable bands in San Francisco, and toured the United States three times and have gone to parts of Canada. With no money and no label Mammatus recorded four songs in their makeshift garage studio. The recording attracted the attention of Holy Mountain Records in San Francisco and Rocket Recordings in the UK, who both released their self-titled debut album on March 28, 2006. The artwork was done by the Arik Moonhawk Roper, who also provided covers for such bands as Sleep and High on Fire. In the middle 2006 Mammatus returned from an American tour with label mates Residual Echoes. They returned to the studio and released \"The Coast Explodes\" in 2007. Mammatus set on a North American tour in April and May 2007 with Acid Mothers Temple." ]

[ "United Armenia United Armenia (classical , reformed: Միացյալ Հայաստան, translit. \"Miatsyal Hayastan\"), also known as \"Greater Armenia\" or \"Great Armenia\", is an Armenian ethno-nationalist irredentist concept referring to areas within the traditional Armenian homeland—the Armenian Highland—which are currently or have historically been mostly populated by Armenians. The idea of what Armenians see as unification of their historical lands was prevalent throughout the 20th century and has been advocated by individuals, various organizations and institutions, including the nationalist parties Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or Dashnaktsutyun) and Heritage, the ASALA and others. The ARF idea of \"United Armenia\" incorporates claims to Western Armenia (eastern Turkey), Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh), the landlocked exclave Nakhichevan of Azerbaijan and the Javakheti (Javakhk) region of Georgia. Nagorno-Karabakh and Javakhk are overwhelmingly inhabited by Armenians. Western Armenia and Nakhichevan had significant Armenian populations in the early 20th century, but no longer do. The Armenian population of eastern Turkey was almost completely exterminated during the genocide of 1915, when the millennia-long Armenian presence in the area largely ended and Armenian cultural heritage was mainly destroyed by the Turkish government. In 1919 the ARF-dominated government of the First Republic of Armenia declared the formal unification of Armenian lands. The ARF bases its claims to Turkey on the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres, which was effectively negated by subsequent historical events. The territorial claims to Turkey are often seen as the ultimate goal of the recognition of the Armenian Genocide and the hypothetical reparations of the genocide. The most recent Armenian irredentist movement, the Karabakh movement that began in 1988, sought to unify Nagorno-Karabakh with then-Soviet Armenia. As a result of the subsequent war with Azerbaijan, the Armenian forces have established effective control over most of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding districts, thus succeeding in \"de facto\" unification of Armenia and Karabakh. Some Armenian nationalists consider Nagorno-Karabakh \"the first stage of a United Armenia.\" In its current meaning, the term \"United Armenia\" was coined during the Armenian national awakening in the second half of the 19th century. During this period, the Armenian-populated areas were divided between the Russian Empire (Eastern Armenia) and the Ottoman Empire (Western Armenia). One of the earliest uses of the phrase \"United Armenia\" is by the English Society of Friends of Russian Freedom in an 1899 edition of \"Free Russia\" monthly. It quotes a confidential report of Grigory Golitsin (the Russian governor of the Caucasus) sent to tsar Nicholas II \"containing suggestions for a future policy.\" Golitsin is convinced that there exists a nationalist movement which \"aims at the restoration of the independent Armenia of the past.\" Golitsin writes that \"their ideal is one great and united Armenia.\" The idea of an independent and united Armenia was the main goal of the Armenian national liberation movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By the 1890s, a low-intensity armed conflict developed between the three major Armenian parties—the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnak), Hnchak and Armenakan— and the Ottoman government. Calls from the great powers for reforms in the Armenian provinces and Armenian aspirations of independence resulted in the Hamidian massacres between 1894 and 1896, during which up to 300,000 Armenian civilians were slaughtered by the order of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, after whom the massacres were named. After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, some Armenians felt that the situation would improve; however, a year later the Adana massacre took place and Turkish-Armenian relations deteriorated further. After the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, the Ottoman government was pushed to accept the reforms in the Armenian provinces in early 1914. The Armenians of eastern Ottoman Empire were exterminated by the Ottoman government in 1915 and the following years. An estimated 1.5 million Armenians were killed, while the survivors found refuge in other countries. These events, which are known as the Armenian Genocide, are officially denied by the Turkish state, which falsely claims the killings were a result of a \"civil war.\" The Ottoman government successfully ended the over two thousand year Armenian presence in Western Armenia. By 1916, most of Western Armenia was occupied by the Russian Empire as part of the Caucasian Campaign of World War I. In parts of the occupied areas, especially around Van, an Armenian autonomy was briefly set up. The Russian army left the region due to the Revolution of 1917. The Ottoman Empire quickly regained the territories from the small number of irregular Armenian units. In the Caucasus, the Special Transcaucasian Committee was set up after the February Revolution. The Bolsheviks took power in Russia through the October Revolution and soon signed the Armistice of Erzincan to stop the combat in Turkish Armenia. Russian forces abandoned their positions and left the area under weak Armenian control. The Bolsheviks set up the Transcaucasian Commissariat in the Caucasus. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918 and the Ottoman army started to regain the lost territories, taking over Kars by 25 April. Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Ottoman Empire and by April 1918 the Transcaucasian Federation proclaimed its independence from Russia. This fragile federation of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan collapsed when the Turks invaded the Caucasus region. The Armenian units defeated the Turks at the Battle of Sardarabad, just 40 kilometers away from Armenia's future capital Yerevan, preventing the complete destruction of the Armenian nation.", "The Armenian units defeated the Turks at the Battle of Sardarabad, just 40 kilometers away from Armenia's future capital Yerevan, preventing the complete destruction of the Armenian nation. A 1918 book by American scholars Lothrop Stoddard and Glenn Frank, titled \"Stakes of the War\" listed 8 solutions to the Armenian Question as proposed by different parties. The second proposal, titled \"United Armenia\", is described as follows: The Armenian National Council declared the independence of the Armenian provinces on 28 May 1918. It was recognized by the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918. After its defeat in World War I, the Ottoman Empire and the Allies signed the Armistice of Mudros by which the Turkish troops left the Caucasus and by 1919 the Republic of Armenia established control over the former Kars Oblast, the city of Iğdır and its surrounding territory, including Mount Ararat. On 28 May 1919, on the first anniversary of the Republic of Armenia, the government of the newly founded country symbolically declared the union of Eastern and Western Armenia, the latter of which was still under the full control of the Turks. Alexander Khatisian, the Armenian Prime Minister, read the declaration: Almost two years after the Republic of Armenia was established, on 23 April 1920, the United States officially recognized it. Its frontiers were to be determined later. On 26 April 1920, the Supreme Council of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers in Paris (British Prime Minister Lloyd George, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau and Italian Prime Minister Francesco Saverio Nitti) requested that the United States accept the mandate over Armenia and to make an Arbitral Decision to determine the boundaries of Armenia with what is now Turkey. President Woodrow Wilson agreed to act as arbitrator and draw a mutually acceptable border between the two nations. In July 1920, the US State Department founded the Committee upon the Arbitration of the Boundary between Turkey and Armenia, headed by William Westermann. The Treaty of Sèvres was signed on 10 August 1920 between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied Powers. On 28 September 1920, the Committee submitted a report that defined the border between the two countries. It guaranteed access to the Mediterranean sea for Armenia via Trebizond and proclaimed present-day Turkey's border regions demilitarization frontier line. A territory of 40,000 square miles or 103,599 square kilometers, formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, was given to Armenia. Based on the calculations the committee made, the ethnic structure of the 3,570,000 population would have been: 49% Muslims (Turks, Kurds, Tartar Azerbaijanis, and others), 40% Armenians, 5% Lazes, 4% Greeks, and 1% others. It was expected that in the case Armenian refugees' return, they would make up to 50% of the population. Two months after the committee submitted the report to the State Department, President Woodrow Wilson received it on 12 November 1920. Ten days later, Wilson signed the report entitled \"Decision of the President of the United States of America respecting the Frontier between Turkey and Armenia, Access for Armenia to the Sea, and the Demilitarization of Turkish Territory adjacent to the Armenian Frontier.\" The report was sent to the US ambassador in Paris Hugh Campbell Wallace on 24 November 1920. On 6 December 1920, Wallace delivered the documents to the secretary-general of the peace conference for submission to the Allied Supreme Council. Treaty of Sèvres was later annulled following the successful Turkish War of Independence against Allied Powers and affiliated forces, which led to the abolition of the empire and founding of the modern Republic of Turkey with the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. In late September 1920, a war erupted between Armenia and the Mustafa Kemal-led Turkish nationalists (Government of the Grand National Assembly) led by Kâzım Karabekir took place. Turks captured Kars on 30 October 1920. With the Turkish army in Alexandropol, the Bolsheviks invaded the country from the north east, and on 29 November 1920, they proclaimed Armenia a Soviet state. On 2 December 1920, Armenia became a Soviet state according to a joint proclamation of Armenia's Defence Minister Dro and Soviet representative Boris Legran in Yerevan. Armenia was forced to sign the Treaty of Alexandropol with the Government of the Grand National Assembly on the night of 2–3 December 1920. The Treaty of Sèvres and Wilson's award remained \"dead letters.\" Just after the Soviet invasion of Armenia in November 1920, the Soviet Azerbaijani leader Nariman Narimanov declared that \"the old borders between Armenia and Azerbaijan are declared null and void. Mountainous Karabagh, Zangezur, and Nakhichevan are recognized as integral parts of the Socialist Republic of Armenia.\" Despite these assurances, both Nakhichevan and Karabakh were kept under Azerbaijani control for another eight months. On 16 March 1921, Soviet Russia and the Government of the Grand National Assembly signed the Treaty of Moscow. By this treaty, Kars and Ardahan were ceded to Turkey, and Nakhichevan was put under \"protectorate\" of Azerbaijan. The Treaty of Kars was signed between the Grand National Assembly Government on one side and Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR and Azerbaijan SSR on the other, reaffirming the Treaty of Moscow. After the end of World War II in Europe, the Soviet Union made territorial claims to Turkey. Joseph Stalin pushed Turkey to cede Kars and Ardahan, thus returning the pre-World War I boundary between the Russian and Ottoman empires.", "Joseph Stalin pushed Turkey to cede Kars and Ardahan, thus returning the pre-World War I boundary between the Russian and Ottoman empires. Besides these provinces, the Soviet Union also claimed the Straits (see Turkish Straits crisis). \"Stalin, perhaps, expected that the Turks, shocked by the Red Army's triumph, would give up, and Washington and London accept it as a \"fait accompli\",\" writes Jamil Hasanli. Athena Leoussi added, \"While Stalin's motives can be debated, for Armenians at home and abroad the re-emergence of the Armenian Question revived hopes for territorial unification\". On 7 June 1945 Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov informed the Turkish ambassador in Moscow that the USSR demanded a revision of its border with Turkey. To repopulate the claimed areas with Armenians, the Soviet government organized a repatriation of Armenians living abroad, mostly survivors of the Armenian Genocide. Between 1946 and 1948, 90,000 to 100,000 Armenians from Lebanon, Syria, Greece, Iran, Romania, France, and elsewhere moved to Soviet Armenia. An Office of Strategic Services (predecessor of the CIA) document dated 31 July 1944 reported that the Armenian Revolutionary Federation changed its extreme anti-Soviet sentiment due to the rise of the Soviet power at the end of the war. In a memorandum sent to the Moscow Conference, Head of the Armenian Church Gevorg VI expressed hope that \"justice will finally be rendered\" to the Armenians by the \"liberation of Turkish Armenia and its annexation to Soviet Armenia.\" Armenia's Communist leader Grigor Harutunian defended the claims, describing Kars and Ardahan \"of vital importance for the Armenian people as a whole.\" The Soviet Armenian élite suggested that the Armenians have earned the right to Kars and Ardahan by their contribution in the Soviet struggle against fascism. Armenian diaspora organizations also supported the idea. As the relations between the West and the Soviet Union deteriorated with the US and the UK backing Turkey, Soviet claims were out of the agenda by 1947. However, it was not until 1953, after Stalin's death, that they officially abandoned their claims, thus ending the dispute. A wave of Armenian nationalism started in the mid-1960s in the Soviet Union after Nikita Khrushchev came to power and granted relative freedom to the Soviet people during the De-Stalinization era. On 24 April 1965, the 50th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, a mass demonstration took place in Yerevan. Thousands of Armenians poured into the streets of Yerevan to commemorate the victims of the genocide; however, their goal was not to \"challenge the authority of the Soviet government\", but \"draw the government's attention\" to the genocide and persuade the \"Soviet government to assist them in reclaiming their lost lands.\" The Kremlin, taking into account the demands of the demonstrators, commissioned a memorial for the genocide. The memorial, which was built on Tsitsernakaberd hill, was completed in 1967. The 1960s and 1970s saw a rise in underground political and armed struggle against the Soviet Union and the Turkish state in and outside of Armenia. In 1966, an underground nationalist party called the National United Party was founded by Haykaz Khachatryan in Yerevan. It secretly operated in Soviet Armenia from 1966 to the late 1980s and, after the imprisonment of its founding members in 1968, it was led by Paruyr Hayrikyan. It advocated for the creation of United Armenia through self-determination. Most of its members were arrested and the party was banned. Though the NUP was blamed for the 1977 Moscow bombings, according to historian Jay Bergman it the mastermind of the bombing has \"never been determined conclusively.\" According to Gerard Libaridian, \"by the 1970s, the recognition of the [Armenian] genocide became a very important objective of the Armenian cause and diaspora political parties linked the recognition of the genocide and the dream of a greater Armenia because Turkey's recognition of the genocide would constitute the legal basis for the Armenian claims on Western Armenia.\" From the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, several Armenian militant (often considered terrorist) groups operated in the Middle East and Western Europe. Most notably the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) carried out armed attacks on Turkish diplomatic missions around the world. Two ARF-affiliated groups—the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG) and the Armenian Revolutionary Army (ARA)—also carried out similar attacks, mainly in Western Europe. David C. Rapoport argues that these organizations were inspired by Gourgen Yanikian, a 77-year-old Armenian genocide survivor, who assassinated two Turkish consular officials in California in 1973 as an act of revenge against Turkey. The ASALA was the largest of the three and was mostly composed of Lebanese Armenian young adults, who claimed revenge for the Armenian Genocide, which the Turkish state denies. The concept of United Armenia was one of the ultimate goals of ASALA. William Dalrymple and Olivier Roy claim that Armenian Genocide became internationalized as a result of the activities of the Armenian militant groups in the Western European countries. In February 1988 a popular nationalist movement emerged in Soviet Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), a small Armenian-populated enclave under the jurisdiction of Soviet Azerbaijan since 1923. The movement demanded the unification of the two entities, reviving the idea of a united Armenia. On 20 February 1988, the Nagorno-Karabakh Supreme Council (the regional legislature) issued a request to transfer the region from Soviet Azerbaijan to Soviet Armenia.", "On 20 February 1988, the Nagorno-Karabakh Supreme Council (the regional legislature) issued a request to transfer the region from Soviet Azerbaijan to Soviet Armenia. The Moscow government declined the claims, while hundreds of thousands of people demonstrated in Yerevan in support of the idea. Few days later, on 26 February, an anti-Armenian \"pogrom\" broke out in the Azerbaijani seaside industrial city Sumgait, forcing thousands of Armenians to leave Azerbaijan \"en masse\". On 15 June 1988, the Supreme Council of Soviet Armenia voted to accept Nagorno-Karabakh into Armenia. On 17 June 1988, the Azerbaijan Supreme Soviet refused to transfer the area to Armenia, saying that it was part of Azerbaijan. The leading members of the Karabakh Committee, a group of intellectuals leading the demonstrations, were arrested in December 1988, but were freed in May 1989. On 1 December 1989, the Soviet Armenian Supreme Council and NKAO Supreme Council declared the unification of the two entities (օրենք «Հայկական ԽՍՀ-ի և Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի վերամիավորման մասին»). In January 1990, another \"pogrom\" took place against Armenians, this time in Baku. In the meantime, most Azerbaijanis of Armenia and Armenians of Azerbaijan left their homes and moved to their respective countries. Pro-independence members were elected in the majority to the Armenian parliament in the 1990 election. On 23 August 1990, the Armenian parliament passed a resolution on sovereignty. The tensions grew even larger after the Soviet and Azeri forces deported thousands of Armenian from Shahumyan during Operation Ring in April and May 1991. After the unsuccessful August Putsch, more Soviet republics declared independence. On 2 September 1991, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic proclaimed independence. On 21 September 1991, the Armenian independence referendum was held with the overwhelming majority voting for the independence of Armenia from the Soviet Union. On 26 November 1991, the Azerbaijani parliament abolished the autonomy of Nagorno-Karabakh. On 10 December 1991, an independence referendum was held in Nagorno-Karabakh, boycotted by the Azeri minority, and gained a vote of 99% in favor of independence. The conflict escalated into a full-scale war with the captured Shusha by Armenian forces on 9 May 1992. By 1993, the Armenian forces took control over not only the originally disputed Nagorno-Karabakh, but also several districts surrounding the region. A ceasefire agreement was eventually signed on 5 May 1994 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. According to Thomas de Waal, three factors contributed to the victory of the Armenian side: \"Azerbaijan's political and military chaos, greater Russian support for the Armenians, and the Armenians' superior fighting skills.\" Since the 1994 ceasefire, the Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic has \"de facto\" control of the territories taken over in the war. Since its foundation in 1890, the left-wing nationalist Armenian Revolutionary Federation (also known as Dashnaktsutyun or Dashnak/Tashnag) has been known as the main advocate for United Armenia. Having affiliated organizations throughout the Armenian communities abroad, the ARF is regarded as one of the most influential Armenian institutions in the world, especially in the diaspora. According to researcher Arus Harutyunyan, the party has \"made it abundantly clear that historical justice will be achieved once ethnic Armenian repatriate to united Armenia, which in addition to its existing political boundaries would include\" Western Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Nakhichevan and Javakhk. In the 1998 party program, it states that the ARF's first goal is \"The creation of a Free, Independent and United Armenia. United Armenia should include inside its borders the Armenian lands [given to Armenia] by the Sevres Treaty, as well as Artsakh, Javakhk and Nakhichevan provinces.\" \"Free, Independent and United Armenia\" is the party's main slogan, and was adopted as its \"supreme objective\" in the 10th Party Congress in Paris (1924–25). Hrant Markarian, ARF Bureau Chairman, stated at the 2004 party congress: Although the platform of the national liberal Heritage party makes no explicit reference to territorial claims, its leader and some its members have expressed their support for them. Heritage supports the formal recognition of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic by Armenia and has introduced bills for the recognition of the NKR to the Armenian National Assembly in 2007, 2010, and 2012. Although all three attempts were voted down by the ruling Republican Party. Its leader, Raffi Hovannisian (post-Soviet Armenia's first foreign minister), has hinted at Western Armenia, Javakhk and Nakhichevan with \"vague formulations.\" For instance, during a 2013 speech about his future plans Hovannisian stated that \"only with [the existence of a] government belonging to the people will we have awareness of our national interest—with Artsakh, Javakhk, Western Armenia—and future for our children.\" In 2011, a leading party member, Zaruhi Postanjyan, stated in an open letter to presidents of Armenia and NKR that by organizing a repatriation of diaspora Armenians to Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, \"we will [create a] base for the liberation of our entire homeland.\" In an April 2015 conference on the Armenian Genocide centenary Postanjyan stated that Armenia should \"restore its territorial integrity\" by claiming the \"territory of its historic homeland.\" When asked about how realistic Armenian claims to its historic lands are, Heritage leader Hovannisian responded: \"Today's romantic will become tomorrow's realist.\"", "When asked about how realistic Armenian claims to its historic lands are, Heritage leader Hovannisian responded: \"Today's romantic will become tomorrow's realist.\" In an opinion piece published in \"The Jerusalem Post\" on April 11, 2015 Hovannisian wrote that Turkey occupies Western Armenia and called for \"the creation of an Armenian national hearth in historic Western Armenia.\" He added, \"negotiations between the republics of Turkey and Armenia triggering the first-ever sovereign reciprocal demarcation of the official frontier, including but not limited to provisions for an Armenian easement to the Black Sea.\" The modern use of United Armenia by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) encompasses the following areas: In the aftermath of the Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, supported by the Republic of Armenia, took control over the territory of some 11,500 km, including several districts outside of the originally claimed borders of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of the Azerbaijani SSR, creating a \"buffer zone\". Kelbajar and Lachin districts guarantee solid land corridor between Armenia proper and Nagorno-Karabakh. Between 500,000 and 600,000 Azerbaijanis were displaced from the area. In the meantime, almost all Armenians from Azerbaijan (between 300,000 and 400,000) and Azerbaijanis from Armenia (over 150,000) were forced to move to their respective countries as remaining in their homes became nearly impossible since tensions between the two groups have grown worse since the start of the conflict in 1988. The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (also known as Artsakh among Armenians) remains internationally unrecognized. Today, the Republic of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic are \"de facto\" functioning as one entity, although the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic territory is internationally recognized as \"de jure\" part of Azerbaijan. Nagorno-Karabakh is more monoethnic than the Republic of Armenia, with 99.7% of its population being Armenian. The Azerbaijani minority was forced to leave during the war. The areas outside the original NKAO borders taken over by the Armenian forces during the war are mostly uninhabited or very sparsely inhabited, with the city of Lachin being an exception. Between 2000 and 2011, 25,000 to 30,000 people settled in NKR. Since the end of the conflict, Armenia and Azerbaijan are negotiating through the OSCE Minsk Group. Presidents and Foreign Affairs Ministers of the two countries have been meeting each other alongside the Russian, French and American co-chairmen trying to find a solution for the \"frozen conflict\" as described by experts. Armenia and Azerbaijan regularly exchange fires in clashes throughout their border. The region of Javakheti (as known to Georgians)/Javakhk (as known to Armenians) comprises the districts of Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda, both part of Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia. It is overwhelmingly Armenian-populated (around 95%). The area is geographically isolated from the rest of Georgia and remains economically and socially isolated from Georgia. According to Svante Cornell, Javakhk enjoys \"wide cultural autonomy\" and \"certain Georgian analysts observe that the region is in practice as much 'Armenia' as 'Georgia'. It is distinctively easier to get around using Armenian than Georgian in this region; indeed, foreign visitors claim that at first they had difficulties determining which country they are in.\" Generally, Javakheti Armenians live in \"reasonable inter-ethnic harmony\" within Georgia, although there is a \"fairly strong fear for the future, a sense of insecurity.\" Javakheti, along with Lori and Borchali, was disputed by Armenia and Georgia from 1918 to 1920. A brief armed conflict took place between the two nations in December 1918, mostly over Lori. United Javakhk Democratic Alliance, a local civil organization, is the main organization advocating for an Armenian autonomy in the region. It was founded in 1988, during the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It campaigns for a referendum in Javakheti on autonomy. It is believed that the organization has close links with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Although the ARF claims Javakhk as part of United Armenia, the ARF World Congresses \"have agreed with the demands raised by the Armenians of Javakhk that a Javakhk with a high degree of self-government within a federal Georgia would be able to sustain itself and would become a strong link in Georgian-Armenian relations.\" ARF Bureau Chairman Hrant Markarian declared in the 2004 party congress: \"We want a strong, stable and autonomous Javakheti that is part of Georgia and enjoys state care.\" The leader of the United Javakhk Democratic Alliance, Vahagn Chakhalian, was arrested in 2008 and freed in 2013. A 2014 article suggested that the alliance has little influence today. During Zviad Gamsakhurdia's presidency (1991), Javakheti remained \"de facto\" semi-independent and only in November 1991 was the Tbilisi-appointed governor able to take power. The issue of Javakheti was in the 1990s \"clearly been perceived as the most dangerous potential ethnic conflict in Georgia\", however, no actual armed conflict ever occurred. Taking into account the importance of the bilateral relations, the governments of Armenia and Georgia have pursued a careful and calming policy to avoid tension. The Armenian government has not made territorial claims to Georgia, nor has called for an autonomy in Javakheti. Armenia–Georgia relations have traditionally been friendly, however, from time to time tensions arise between the two countries. In recent years, the status of Armenian churches in Georgia and the status of the Armenian language in Georgian public schools had been a matter of dispute.", "In recent years, the status of Armenian churches in Georgia and the status of the Armenian language in Georgian public schools had been a matter of dispute. Svante Cornell argues that \"Armenia seems to have had a calming influence on Javakhk\" as it is highly dependent on Georgia for imports. This viewpoint is shared by Georgian analysts. Armenian nationalist activist Alexander Yenikomshian has suggested that there are three long-term solutions to the Javakhk issue: 1) the region remains part of a Georgia, where the rights of the Armenian population are protected 2) \"Artsakhization\", i.e. \"de facto\" unification with the Republic of Armenia 3) \"Nakhichevanization\", i.e. Javakhk loses its Armenian population. Western Armenia refers to an undefined area, now in eastern Turkey, that had significant Armenian population prior to the Armenian Genocide of 1915. As a result of the genocide, officially no Armenians live in the area today. However, at least two distinct groups of Armenian origin reside in the area. Hemshin peoples, a islamisized group with Armenian ethnic origin, live in the Black Sea coast, particularity in the Rize province. Another group, \"Hidden Armenians\", live throughout Turkey, especially the eastern parts of the country. Many of them have been assimilated by Kurds. It is impossible to determine how many there are due to the fact that they keep their identity hidden, but estimates range from below 100,000 to millions. Since the Armenian Genocide, the area has been mostly settled by Kurds and Turks, with smaller numbers of Azerbaijanis (near the Turkish-Armenian border) and Georgians and Laz people in the northeastern provinces of Turkey. Generally, the Armenian nationalist groups claim the area east of the boundary drawn by US President Woodrow Wilson for the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920. The Armenian Revolutionary Federation and groups supporting the concept of United Armenia claim that the Treaty of Sèvres, signed on 10 August 1920 between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies, including Armenia is the only legal document determining the border between Armenia and Turkey. Armenia's Former Deputy Foreign Minister Ara Papian claims that \"Wilsonian Armenia,\" the territory granted to the Republic of Armenia in 1920 by Wilson in the scope of the Treaty of Sèvres, is still \"de jure\" part of Armenia today. According to him the Treaty of Kars, which determined the current Turkish-Armenian border, has no legal value because it was signed between two internationally unrecognized subjects: Bolshevik Russia and Kemalist Turkey. Papian has suggested that the Armenian government can file a suit at the International Court of Justice to dispute the border between Armenia and Turkey. 22 November is celebrated by some Armenians as the anniversary of the Arbitral Award. In 2010 and 2011, posters with maps of the Treaty of Sèvres were hung throughout Yerevan. Since Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the Armenian government has not officially made any territorial claims to Turkey. However, the Armenian government has avoided \"an explicit and formal recognition of the existing Turkish-Armenian border. \"<ref name=\"RFE/RL\"></ref> In 2001, Armenian president Robert Kocharyan stated that the \"genocide recognition will not lead to legal consequences or territorial claims.\" In 2010, Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan addressed the Conference Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of Woodrow Wilson's Arbitral Award: On 23 July 2011, during a meeting of Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan with students in Tsaghkadzor resort city, a student asked Sargsyan if Turkey \"will return Western Armenia\" in the future. Sargsyan responded: Sargsyan's statements \"were considered by Turkish officials an encouragement for young students to fulfill the task of their generation and occupy eastern Turkey.\" During his visit to Baku a few days later, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan denounced Sargsyan's statements and described them as \"provocation\" and claimed that Sargsyan this \"told young Armenians to be ready for a future war with Turkey.\" Erdoğan demanded apology from Sargsyan calling his statements a \"blunder\". In response, Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Shavarsh Kocharyan stated that Sargsyan's words were \"interpreted out of context.\" On 5 July 2013, during a forum of Armenian lawyers in Yerevan on the 100th Anniversary of the Armenian Genocide organized by the Ministry of Diaspora, Armenia's Prosecutor General Aghvan Hovsepyan made a \"sensational statement\". Hovsepyan particularly stated: According to \"ArmeniaNow\" news agency \"this was seen as the first territorial claim of Armenia to Turkey made on an official level. The prosecutor general is the carrier of the highest legal authority in the country, and his statement is equivalent to an official statement.\" In response, the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement on 12 July 2013 denouncing Hovsepyan's statements. According to the Turkish side his statements reflect the \"prevailing problematic mentality in Armenia as to the territorial integrity of its neighbor Turkey.\" The statement said that \"one should be well aware that no one can presume to claim land from Turkey.\" Armenian tradition says that Nakhichevan (Նախիջևան \"Naxidjevan\" in Armenian and Naxçıvan in Azerbaijani) was founded by Noah. Armenians have been living in Nakhichevan since ancient times. It was one of \"gavars\" of Vaspurakan province of the Kingdom of Armenia. In 189 BC, Nakhchivan became part of the new Kingdom of Armenia established by Artaxias I.", "In 189 BC, Nakhchivan became part of the new Kingdom of Armenia established by Artaxias I. Within the kingdom, the region of present-day Nakhichevan was part of the Ayrarat, Vaspurakan and Syunik provinces. By the 16th century, control of Nakhichevan passed to the Safavid dynasty of Persia. Because of its geographic position, it frequently suffered during the earlier wars between Persia and the Ottoman Empire in the 14th to 18th centuries. In 1604–1605, Shah Abbas I, concerned that the lands of Nakhichevan and the surrounding areas could potentially pass into Ottoman hands, decided to institute a scorched earth policy. He forced some 300,000 Armenians, including the Armenian population of Nakhichevan to leave their homes and move to the Persian provinces south of the Aras River. After the last 1826-1828 Russo-Persian War, Nakhichevan became part of Russia per the Treaty of Turkmenchay after Persia's forced ceding. Alexandr Griboyedov, the Russian envoy to Persia, reported that 1,228 Armenian families from Persia migrated to Nakhichevan, while prior to their migration there were 2,024 Muslim and 404 Armenian families living in the province. According to the 1897 Russian Empire Census, the Nakhichevan \"uyezd\" of the Erivan Governorate had a population of 100,771, of which 34,672 were Armenian (34.4%), while Caucasian Tatars (Azerbaijanis) numbered 64,151 or 63.7% of the total population. The proportion of Armenian was around 40% prior to World War I. Nakhichevan was disputed between Armenia and Azerbaijan from 1918 to 1920 during the countries' brief independence. The Armenian population of Nakhichevan largely fled the area during the Ottoman invasion in 1918. By June 1919, after the British troops left the area, Armenia succeeded in establishing control over Nakhichevan. Some of the Nakhichevan Armenians returned to their homes in summer 1919. Again, more violence erupted in 1919 leaving some 10,000 Armenians dead and some 45 Armenian villages destroyed. After the Soviet takeover of the Caucasus region in 1920 and 1921, the Treaty of Moscow, also known as the Treaty of Brotherhood, was signed between the Government of the Grand National Assembly and Soviet Russia on 16 March 1921. According to this treaty Nakhichevan became \"an autonomous territory under the auspices of Azerbaijan, under the condition that Azerbaijan will not relinquish the protectorate to any third party.\" The Treaty of Kars was signed between the Grand National Assembly and Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Georgian SSR on 13 October 1921. The treaty reaffirmed that the \"Turkish Government and the Soviet Governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan are agreed that the region of Nakhichevan ... constitutes an autonomous territory under the protection of Azerbaijan.\" By the mid-1920s, the number of Armenians in Nakhichevan dwindled significantly and according to the 1926 Soviet census the 11,276 Armenians made up only 10.7% of the autonomous republic. During the Soviet period, the Armenians of Nakhichevan felt \"pressured to leave.\" According to the Soviet census of 1979, only 3,406 Armenians resided in Nakhichevan or 1.4% of the total population. The last few thousand Armenians left Nakhichevan in 1988 amid the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In August 1987, the Armenian National Academy of Sciences started a petition to transfer Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh under jurisdiction of Armenia. In the nationalist movement to unite Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia, Armenians \"used the example of the slow \"de-Armenianization\" of Nakhichevan in the course of the twentieth century as an example of what they feared would happen to them.\" During the Nagorno-Karabakh War, clashes occurred between Armenian and Azeri forces in the Nakhichevan-Armenia border, however, the war did not spill over into Nakhichevan. Turkey, Azerbaijan's close ally, threatened to intervene if Armenia invaded Nakhichevan. Nakhichevan was in center of attention during the destruction of the Armenian cemetery in Julfa in the 2000s. According to the Research on Armenian Architecture, most of the Armenian churches, monasteries and cemeteries were destroyed by Azerbaijan in the 1990s. The Armenian government has never made any claims to Nakhichevan, although there have been calls by nationalist circles (including Hayazn, Heritage youth wing and prominent Nagorno-Karabakh War veteran Jirair Sefilian) to forcibly annex Nakhichevan in case Azerbaijan attacks Nagorno-Karabakh. Rəfael Hüseynov, the Director of the Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature, in his written question to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 2007 claimed that the \"seizure Nakhichevan is one of the main military goals of Armenia.\" Writing in the \"Harvard International Review\" in 2011 US-based Azerbaijani historian Alec Rasizade suggested that \"Armenian ideologues have lately started to talk about the return of Nakhichevan.\" A potential military advancement toward central Azerbaijan, especially up to the Kura river, has become part of the Armenian political discourse since the Nagorno-Karabakh War. A maximalist and expansionist option, advancing up to the Kura river is seen by analysts and military figures as a method of forcing Azerbaijan to surrender and give up its claims to Karabakh. For others, it is a realistic policy which should be persuaded by the government of Armenia to take control of territories that are, according to its advocates, historical or natural part of Armenia. The phrase \"Kura-Arax Republic\" was coined by in 2016, a political science professor and a former member of the ARF, to advocate Armenian military advancement into the territory of Azerbaijan west of the Kura river (including Nakhichevan) to achieve complete surrender of Azerbaijan.", "The phrase \"Kura-Arax Republic\" was coined by in 2016, a political science professor and a former member of the ARF, to advocate Armenian military advancement into the territory of Azerbaijan west of the Kura river (including Nakhichevan) to achieve complete surrender of Azerbaijan. Following the April 2016 war in Karabakh with Azerbaijan, he stated that Armenia should \"transfer the military operations\" into Yevlakh and the confluence of the rivers Kura and Arax (Aras or Araxes). The explained the importance of the two as follows: Yevlakh is a major hub of the Baku-Tbilisi railway and the oil and gas pipelines, while the second would give Armenia an opportunity to assist the Talysh in reviving an independent state in the south of Azerbaijan. He argues that Armenia cannot have peace \"unless we get to Kura-Araks\" and \"destroy Azerbaijan as a Turkic state.\" Shirinyan set up the Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party prior to the 2018 parliamentary election, which proclaimed \"Kura-Araxian Armenia\" as one of its main objectives. The idea was adopted by the hard-line nationalist group led by Jirair Sefilian that took over a police base in Yerevan in July 2016. Varuzhan Avetisyan, leader of the armed group, explicitly supported the idea from prison in 2017. Sefilian did so in April 2018. Following their release from prison after the 2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution, members of the armed group formed the Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party, which officially adopted \"Kura-Arax Republic\" as one of its objectives. Their party program stated Nakhichevan and the areas of Azerbaijan west of the Kura should become part of Armenia and, thus, establish the Kura-Araxian Republic. Sefilian stated: There are no public opinion data concerning the United Armenia concept, however, it is popular among Armenians according to \"Hürriyet Daily News\". Moshe Gammer of the Tel Aviv University and Emil Souleimanov of the Charles University in Prague both suggest that the concept is popular in the Armenian diaspora. Gerard Libaridian wrote in 2007: A 2014 survey in Armenia asked what kind of demands should Armenia make to Turkey. Some 80% agreed that Armenia should make territorial claims (30% said only territorial claims, while another 50% said territorial, moral, financial, and proprietary). Only 5.5% said no demands should be made. According to a 2012 survey, 36% of Armenians asked agree or somewhat agree that Turkish recognition of the Armenian Genocide will result in territorial compensation, while 45% believe it will not. The online publication Barometer.am wrote: \"It appears that our pragmatic population believes that all possible demands should be forwarded to Turkey [...] but a relative majority consider the practival realization of territorial claims to Turkey is unrealistic.\" One researcher wrote in the \"Jacobin\" magazine in 2016 that \"[f]ew in Armenia support [the] pleas to use Karabakh as a springboard to recreate 'Greater Armenia.' But the idea that Karabakh must be held no matter the cost is widespread.\" According to a 2017 survey in Armenia 86.4% of respondents opposed any territorial concessions in the Karabakh conflict, while 8.2% accepted concessions for the sake of settlement. According to a 2013 Caucasus Barometer survey, when asked about having Nagorno-Karabakh as a formal part of Armenia, 77% of respondents \"definitely favor\" such a status, 13% would be \"accepting under certain circumstances\", and 7% oppose it. When asked about Nagorno-Karabakh becoming an independent country, 56% would \"definitely favor\" such a status, 18% would be \"accepting under certain circumstances\", and 24% said they would \"never accept\" it. The concept of creating a united state that would include all Armenian-populated areas has been the main theme of the Armenian revolutionary songs. Nersik Ispiryan and Harout Pamboukjian are among the most famous performers of such songs. One of the most widely known examples of these songs is \"We must go\" (Պիտի գնանք, Piti gnank) by \"gusan\" Haykazun written in 1989: From 2005 to 2008, four short animated cartoons were released by the National Cinema Center of Armenia called \"Road home\" (Ճանապարհ դեպի տուն) produced by Armenian animator Robert Sahakyants. It tells a story of a group of school children from Karin (Erzurum) in 2050 taking a trip throughout the \"liberated from enemy\" territories: Tigranakert, Baghesh (Bitlis), Mush and Akdamar Island. The country they live in is called \"Hayk' \" (Հայք) after the historical name of Armenia. The series was aired by the Public Television of Armenia. In one of his last interviews, Sahakyants stated: \"If today I'm shooting a film about how we are going to return Western Armenia, then I'm convinced that it will definitely take place.\" Leading Armenian communist figure Anastas Mikoyan, known for his anti-nationalist views, stated in 1919 that \"Armenian chauvinists relying on the allies of imperialism push forward a criminal idea—the creation of a ‘Great Armenia’ on the borders of Historic Armenia. The absence of Armenians and the presence of an absolute Muslim population there does not concern them... our party cannot support the idea of either a ‘Great’ or ‘Small’ Turkish Armenia.\" Armenia's first president Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1991-98), in a widely publicized 1997 essay on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict titled \"War or Peace?", "Armenia's first president Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1991-98), in a widely publicized 1997 essay on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict titled \"War or Peace? Time to Get Serious\", argued that if Armenia was to officially demand \"the return of Armenian lands\" from Turkey and cancellation of the Treaty of Kars, it would only play into the hands of Turkey. He argued that it would \"provide Turkey with more evidence of Armenia's expansionist ambitions\" and direct more negative international opinion towards Armenia. Petrosyan also called the idea of \"Kura-Arax republic\" a \"fairy tale.\" Azerbaijani President Heydar Aliyev in 1998 stated in his \"\" that the \"artificial territorial division in essence created the preconditions for implementing the policy of expelling Azerbaijanis from their lands and annihilating them. The concept of 'greater Armenia' began to be propagated.\" In 2012, President of Azerbaijan and son of Heydar Aliyev, Ilham Aliyev, who has made several statements toward Armenia and Armenians in past such as \"our main enemies are Armenians of the world\", stated that \"Over the past two centuries, Armenian bigots, in an effort to materialize their 'Great Armenia' obsession at the expense of historically Azerbaijani lands, have repeatedly committed crimes against humanity such as terrorism, mass extermination, deportation and ethnic cleansing of our people.\" In December 1991, Turkey became one of the first countries to recognize the independence of Armenia from the Soviet Union. The Armenia–Turkey relations deteriorated during the Nagorno-Karabakh war, during which Turkey aligned itself with Azerbaijan. Turkey shares the Turkic heritage with Azerbaijan and the two countries are generally seen as allies in the region. The expression \"one nation, two states\" has been often used to describe the relations of these countries. In Turkey, \"many believe that Armenia's territorial claims are the main reason why the Armenian administration and lobbyists are pushing for global recognition\" of the Armenian Genocide. The Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism credits the idea of \"Great Armenia\" to Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrosyan. According to Prof. İdris Bal \"Turkey considers Armenian policy (and the activities of its powerful diaspora groups) since 1989 to be against its national security interests and territorial integrity. Armenia's failure to recognize the Kars Agreement, along with the frequent public references to eastern Turkey as 'Western Armenia,' provides a serious irritant to Turkey. The Turkish Mt. Ararat is pictured in the official Armenian state emblem, which Turkey interprets as a sign that the 'greater Armenia' vision is still very much alive.\" According to \"Hürriyet Daily News\" some \"foreign policy experts draw attention to the fact that Armenia has territorial claims over Turkey, citing certain phrases in the Armenian Constitution and Declaration of Independence.\" The Armenia Declaration of Independence was passed on 23 August 1990 officially declaring \"the beginning of the process of establishing of independent statehood positioning the question of the creation of a democratic society.\" It was signed by Levon Ter-Petrosyan, the President of the Supreme Council, who became the first President of Armenia in 1991. Article 11 of the declaration read: Turkish historian and political scientist Umut Uzer characterized Armenian territorials claims to eastern Turkey as \"a racist and irredentist demand with regard to a territory which has never in history had an Armenian majority population. And these demands are buttressed with genocide claims which in fact deny the very existence of Turkey in its current borders.\"" ]

[ "Christopher Robinson (Upper Canada politician) Christopher Robinson (1763 – November 2, 1798) was an American-born soldier, lawyer and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Virginia in 1763, the son of Oxford-educated Peter Robinson (ca 1719–1768), and nephew of John Robinson, Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses, and loyalist leader Beverley Robinson (ca 1722–1792). He was also a close relation of John Robinson (bishop of London) (1650–1723), a senior Anglican cleric and influential diplomat. Born in Virginia to one of the British colony's most influential families, it has been contended that he was educated at the College of William and Mary, although no evidence exists to support that fact. In fact, his early life remains shrouded in mystery and genealogical legerdemain. What is known is that at some point after his father's death in 1768, he moved to New York, likely to his cousin Beverley's household and was there at the beginning of the American Revolution. On June 26, 1781, he was commission an Ensign in the Queen's Rangers under John Graves Simcoe and served through the surrender of the British army at Yorktown, until 1783. He retired at half pay in New Brunswick, but moved to Quebec in search of employment. In 1792, Simcoe, now Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, offered him a post as a minor surveyor general and he moved to Kingston. In 1794, he received his license to practice law and, in 1796, he was elected to the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada representing Ontario & Addington. In 1797, he played a role in establishing the Law Society of Upper Canada. He died suddenly at York (Toronto) in 1798. William Fairfield took his place in the legislative assembly in June 1799. Robinson in 1784 in New Brunswick married Esther Sayre, daughter of Rev. John Sayre, who came to the Colonies on behalf of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. She died in 1827. His sons included:" ]

[ "2011–12 Southern Football League The 2011–12 season was the 109th in the history of the Southern League since its establishment in 1894. The league allocations were released on 20 May 2011. From this season onwards, the Southern League was known as The Evo-Stik League Southern, following a sponsorship deal with Evo-Stik. The Premier Division consisted of 22 clubs, including 15 sides from last season, and featured seven new clubs: Brackley Town won the Southern League Premier Division and were promoted to the Conference North along with play-off winners Oxford City. Evesham United, Swindon Supermarine and Cirencester Town finished in the relegation zone and, as in the previous season, all three relegating teams were placed to the Division One South & West, while Hemel Hempstead Town were reprieved from relegation for the second time in three seasons due to Conference Premier clubs demotion. Division One Central consisted of 22 clubs, including 18 clubs from the previous season and four new teams: St Neots Town won the division in their inaugural season in the Southern League and were promoted to Premier Division along with play-off winners Bedworth United. Marlow finished bottom of the table and were relegated to the Hellenic League, while second bottom Fleet Town were reprieved from relegation due to Bedfont Town's resignation. Shortly before the start of the season Andover resigned from the league and folded. No replacement club was admitted and the season was played with 21 clubs. Therefore, relegation zone was reduced to one place in order to make up the numbers for the 2012-13 season. Division One South & West consisted of 21, including 17 teams from the previous season, three clubs relegated from Premier Division and one new club: Bideford won the division and were promoted to the Southern League Premier Division along with play-off winners Gosport Borough. Stourport Swifts finished bottom of the table and were relegated. AET The Southern League Cup 2011–12 (billed as the RedInsure Cup 2011–12 for sponsorship reasons) is the 74th season of the Southern League Cup, the cup competition of the Southern Football League." ]

[ "Nico Marquardt Nico Marquardt (born May 24, 1994 in Potsdam) is a German politician, non-executive director and consultant. He became internationally known with his research work “The Killer Asteroid 99942 Apophis”. Nico Marquardt was born in Potsdam, Germany as the son of Oberstleutnant Harald Broh and nurse Apolonia Marquardt and attended the Humboldt High School in Potsdam. In April 2008, at the age of 13, he took part in the competition Jugend forscht with his research paper „The Killer Asteroid 99942 Apophis“, in which he calculated the probability for the asteroid Apophis to collide with a geosynchronous satellite and the consequences of this event to the likelihood of an Earth-collision. On the day of the award Marquardt was interviewed by the biggest German newspaper Bild which published an article stating a 100-times higher probability of an Earth-collision in the year 2036 than Marquardt calculated. Afterwards, nearly all international press reported the news with false data caused by the review from Bild even though Marquardt denied. Marquardt used this global attention and ever since became one of the globally most influential Twitter-users in the category science. Since January 2013 Marquardt acts as the \"Global Advisor for Social Media\" at Mars One and CEO of the consultant firm \"Rabbit\". As of August 2014 Marquardt has been elected as non-executive director of the local energy and water service company EWP. During his final year in High School Marquardt ran for office in Potsdam as a candidate for the Social Democratic Party of Germany and won the local elections with the fourth-best result of his party. This way Marquardt is the youngest elected politician of all state capitals in Germany. In November 2015 Marquardt filed criminal charges against the far-right political party \"Der Dritte Weg\" (German for \"The Third Way\") in Germany because of incitement to hatred. Marquardt won the first prize at the German competition Jugend forscht, got the Special Honor from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Special Award of the German Aerospace Center. The astronomer Fred Watson about Marquardt: \"Marquardt has done a marvellous job. A hundred years ago people used logarithms and hand-calculators and slide rules to work out asteroid orbits. But it says a lot for the world that we live in that a 13 year-old schoolboy can download the right software to do the job and actually find errors in Nasa's work. It is quite extraordinary.\" Reports about Nico Marquardt" ]

[ "Gothic Cruise Gothic Cruise is a small, annual electronic gothic music festival operating since 1989. It has been continuously from a variety of ports within the United States of America with live entertainment since 2007. In 1989 the first event sailed with 10 people and the company claims to have had and average 140 people per sailing by 2003. They sailed on Premier Cruise Line, Regal Cruise Lines, and Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines. There were no live bands during this time. 2004-2005 there were no sailings. 2006 - Collide was scheduled to play as the first live band on the cruise, but that sailing was cancelled due to Hurricane Katrina. Vessel: Carnival Glory on Carnival Cruise Lines. Passengers: 211 Port: Port Canaveral, Florida. Live Act: Vessel: Carnival Glory on Carnival Cruise Lines. Passengers: 174 Port: Port Canaveral, Florida. Live Acts: Vessel: Carnival Legend on Carnival Cruise Lines. Passengers: 149 Port: Tampa, Florida Live Acts: Deepest Symphony had been scheduled, but cancelled, and were replaced with Phase Theory and Asmodeus X Vessel: Carnival Liberty on Carnival Cruise Lines. Passengers: 237 Port: Miami, Florida Live Acts: Vessel: Norwegian Sun on Norwegian Cruise Line Passengers: 112 Port: Port Canaveral, Florida. Live Acts: Vessel: Explorer of the Seas on Royal Caribbean Passengers: 291 Port: Newark, New Jersey Live Acts: Vessel: Freedom of the Seas on Royal Caribbean Passengers: 142 Port: Port Canaveral, Florida. Live Acts: Vessel: Carnival Breeze on Carnival Cruise Lines Passengers: 265 Port: Miami, Florida Live Acts: Vessel: Carnival Dream on Carnival Cruise Lines Passengers: 147 Port: New Orleans, Louisiana Live Acts: Vessel: Carnival Legend on Carnival Cruise Lines. Passengers: 68 Port: Seattle, Washington Live Acts: Vessel: Carnival Legend on Carnival Cruise Lines. Passengers: N/A Port: Long Beach, California Live Acts: Vessel: Carnival Gloryon Carnival Cruise Lines. Passengers: 184 Port: Miami, Florida Live Acts:" ]

[ "Make Me Wanna \"Make Me Wanna\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Thomas Rhett. It was released in August 2014 as the fifth single from his debut album, \"It Goes Like This\". The song is a mid-tempo with \"high-toned guitars and a slowly building chorus\" and a \"sensitive and sexy delivery\" about a man expressing his feelings to his lover. Rhett describes the song as having a Bee Gees sound. The song has mostly been met with positive reception, mainly for its disco influences. Bob Paxman of \"Country Weekly\" rated the single \"B+\", comparing its sound to \"the candy coated days of Air Supply and Andy Gibb\". He thought that it was \"sure to nestle easily with the female audience\" and was \"pleasant, if not exactly outstanding\", and criticized the \"references to tailgating and trucks\". Writing for \"Taste of Country\", Carrie Horton wrote that \"But while the lyrics may sound a bit too much like what’s already out there, the melody makes up for it ten times over. The Bee Gees-inspired tune features staccato drum and piano undertones that echo famous disco hits like ‘Stayin' Alive,’ but with a perfect blend of twangy guitars to keep the song’s sound just true enough for any pure country fan. Liv Carter of \"Little Rebellion\" gave the song two thumbs down, criticizing the production and unoriginality of the lyric. She summarized her review by saying, \"This is an uncreative lyric inexplicably paired with 1970s pop. Which means it will probably be a big hit.\" The song entered the Country Airplay chart at No. 51 for the chart dated August 16, 2014, and the Hot Country Songs at No. 48 on September 13, 2014. It entered the Hot 100 chart at No. 99 for the chart dated November 29, 2014. It reached No. 1 on the Country Airplay chart on March 7, 2015, his third No. 1 from his debut album. It peaked at No. 2 on the Hot Country Songs and No. 43 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the charts dated February 28, 2015. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on February 18, 2015. It has sold 596,000 copies in the US as of April 2015. The music video was directed by TK McKamy and premiered in October 2014." ]

[ "Sigma Persei Sigma Persei (Sigma Per, σ Persei, σ Per) is an orange K-type giant with an apparent magnitude of +4.36. It is approximately 360 light years from Earth. Sigma Persei is moving through the Galaxy at a speed of 17.4 km/s relative to the Sun. Its projected Galactic orbit carries it between 24,400 and 43,600 light years from the center of the Galaxy. It came closest to the Sun 5.1 million years ago when it had brightened to magnitude 3.11 from a distance of 202 light years. It has one reported planet, b, with a period of 580 days and a mass approximately 6.5 times that of Jupiter. This star, together with δ Per, ψ Per, α Per, γ Per and η Per, has been called \"the Segment of Perseus\"." ]

[ "Paralititan Paralititan (meaning \"tidal giant\") was a giant titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur genus discovered in coastal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Bahariya Formation of Egypt. It lived between 99.6 and 93.5 million years ago. Joshua Smith, who informally led the research team that found the dinosaur fossils, told an interviewer, \"It was a truly enormous dinosaur by any reckoning.\" Little of \"Paralititan\" is known, so its exact size is difficult to estimate. However, the limited material, especially the long humeri, suggested that it is one of the most massive dinosaurs ever discovered, with an estimated weight of . The complete right humerus measured 1.69 meters (5.54 ft) long which at the time of discovery was the longest known in a Cretaceous sauropod; this was surpassed in 2016 with the discovery of \"Notocolossus\" which had a 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) humerus. Using \"Saltasaurus\" as a guide, Carpenter estimated its length at around . Scott Hartman estimates an animal that is massive, but still smaller than the biggest titanosaurs such as \"Puertasaurus\", \"Alamosaurus\", and \"Argentinosaurus\". In 2010, Gregory S. Paul estimated the length at twenty metres, the weight at twenty tonnes. From the formation another sauropod had already been known, \"Aegyptosaurus\". \"Paralititan\" differs from \"Aegyptosaurus\" in its larger size, the latter genus weighing only fifteen tons, possibly in not having pleurocoels in its front tail vertebrae, and in possessing a relatively longer deltopectoral crest on its humerus. Joshua Smith in 1999 in the Bahariya Oasis rediscovered the Gebel el Dist site where Richard Markgraf in 1912, 1913 and 1914 had excavated fossils for Ernst Stromer. In 2000, an American expedition was mounted to revisit the site. However, apparently Markgraf had already removed all more complete skeletons, leaving only limited remains behind. At a new site, the nearby Gebel Fagga, the expedition succeeded in locating a partial sauropod skeleton. It was identified by Lacovara as a species new to science. It was named and described by Joshua B. Smith, Matthew C. Lamanna, Kenneth J. Lacovara, Peter Dodson, Jennifer R. Smith, Jason Charles Poole, Robert Giegengack and Yousri Attia in 2001 as the type species \"Paralititan stromeri\". The generic name means \"Stromer's tidal (Greek \"para\" + \"halos\" \"near sea\") titan\" or \"Stromer's tidal giant\", in reference to the \"paralic\" tidal flats the animal lived on. The specific name honors Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach, a German paleontologist and geologist who first established the presence of dinosaur fossils in this area in 1911. \"Paralititan\" represents the first tetrapod reported from the Bahariya Formation since Romer's publication of 1935. The holotype specimen of \"Paralititan\", CGM 81119, was found in a layer of the Bahariya Formation, dating from the Cenomanian. It consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull. It is incomplete, apart from bone fragments containing two fused posterior sacral vertebrae, two anterior caudal vertebrae, both incomplete scapulae, two humeri and a metacarpal. The \"Paralititan\" type specimen shows evidence of having been scavenged by a carnivorous dinosaur as it was disarticulated within an oval of eight metres length with the various bones being clustered. A \"Carcharodontosaurus\" tooth was discovered in between the clusters. The holotype is part of the collection of the Cairo Geological Museum. The large anterior dorsal vertebra 1912V11164, in 1932 by Stromer referred to an undetermined \"Giant Sauropod\", was in 2001 tentatively referred to \"Paralititan\". The autochthonous, scavenged skeleton was preserved in tidal flat deposits containing in the form of fossil leaves and root systems, a mangrove vegetation of seed ferns, \"Weichselia reticulata\". The mangrove ecosystem it inhabited was situated along the southern shore of the Tethys Sea. \"Paralititan\" is the first dinosaur demonstrated to have inhabited a mangrove habitat. It lived at approximately the same time and place as giant predators \"Carcharodontosaurus\", \"Spinosaurus\", and the sauropod \"Aegyptosaurus\"." ]

[ "Stabæk Fotball Stabæk Fotball is a Norwegian association football club based in Bærum, and a section of the multi-sport organization Stabæk IF. Founded in 1912, the club’s name is an archaic spelling of the suburban area Stabekk, from which it once originated. The club currently plays in Eliteserien, the Norwegian top division. Their home stadium is the Nadderud Stadion after a three-year-long stay at the Telenor Arena. Their current chairman is Espen Moe. After years of lean seasons, they won their first title in 1998 as they emerged victorious in the Norwegian Cup, beating Rosenborg BK 3–1 in the final. After having been relegated to 1. divisjon after a poor 2004 season, they experienced a successful period under new manager Jan Jönsson, during which they returned to the league in 2005, won the 2008 Tippeligaen, their first, and reached the final of the Norwegian Cup, culminating in a very successful 2008 season for the club. Stabæk subsequently won the 2009 Norwegian Super Cup but finished a disappointing 12th and 10th place in the 2010 and 2011 league seasons, respectively, thus narrowly avoiding relegation both times. Stabæk holds longstanding rivalries with Bærum SK, FK Lyn and Vålerenga, both in the league and by geographical location. The team’s home colors, entirely blue, have earned them the nickname “De Blaa” (The Blue Ones). In 2009, Stabæk became the first Norwegian association football club with both their men's and women’s teams in the premier divisions. Lillestrøm followed suit the next year. On 30 November 2015, Billy McKinlay was appointed as manager of the club on a two-year contract. McKinlay resigned as manager on 8 July 2016, after being knocked out of the UEFA Europa League by Welsh club Connah's Quay Nomads. Stabæk played home games at the Nadderud Stadion until 2008. They then moved into the Telenor Arena, which had a capacity of 15,000 people. Their stay at the Telenor Arena became shorter than desired; after a three year-long stay at the indoor arena, they moved back to the Nadderud Stadion due to economic issues with the new arena. The women's team, Stabæk FK, also currently plays home games at Nadderud Stadion. Nadderud Stadion has a capacity of 7,000 spectators. On 4 February 2010, Einar Schultz was elected chairman of Stabæk, replacing Ingebrigt Steen Jensen. Schultz has held various positions in the Stabæk system over the last five years. In February 2012, Kjell Johnsen was elected the new chairman of Stabæk Fotball. Johnsen was replaced in 2013 by Espen Moe. \"For season transfers, see List of Norwegian football transfers winter 2017–18 and List of Norwegian football transfers summer 2018.\" Stabæk Fotball also fields a women's team, and in 2009, Stabæk became the first Norwegian association football club with both their men's and women’s teams in the premier divisions." ]

[ "1000 Forms of Fear 1000 Forms of Fear is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Sia. It was released on 4 July 2014 by Monkey Puzzle and RCA Records worldwide, and Inertia Records in Australia. Primarily an electropop album, the record also incorporates influences from reggae and hip hop. Lyrically, the record is focused on Sia struggling to deal with drug addiction and bipolar disorder. \"1000 Forms of Fear\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised Sia's vocals as well as the album's lyrical content. The album debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with first-week sales of 52,000 copies. The release also charted atop the charts of Australia and Canada, and reached the top five charts of Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. As of 26 October 2015, it has been certified gold by the RIAA denoting 500,000 equivalent-album units sold in the United States. As of January 2016, the album has sold 1 million copies worldwide. The album spawned four singles. Its lead single, \"Chandelier\", released in March 2014, became a worldwide top-10 single; it also peaked at number eight on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the first song by Sia to enter the chart as a lead artist. \"Big Girls Cry\" was released in June 2014. Sia's solo version of \"Elastic Heart\", which was originally a collaboration with The Weeknd and Diplo, was released in January 2015, and reached the top 20 of the Hot 100. \"Fire Meet Gasoline\" was released as the fourth and final single in Germany on 19 June 2015. The official music video for \"Chandelier\" has been viewed on YouTube more than 1.9 billion times, and the video for \"Elastic Heart\" has been viewed more than 900 million times. To promote the project, Sia appeared on a number of TV shows, including \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" and \"Jimmy Kimmel Live! \", where she recruited Maddie Ziegler, who starred in three music videos from the album, as her persona onstage, during 2014 and 2015. \"1000 Forms of Fear\" earned Sia three ARIA Music Awards in 2014 and was listed as one of the best albums of 2014 by several publications, including \"The Boston Globe\" and \"Rolling Stone\". The lead single \"Chandelier\" received four Grammy nominations for Song of the Year, Record of the Year, Best Pop Solo Performance, and Best Music Video. In 2010, Sia released her fifth studio album, \"We Are Born\", which peaked at number two on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association. Following the release of \"We Are Born\", Sia decided to retire from the career as a recording artist and established a career as a songwriter. She wrote the song \"Titanium\" for American singer Alicia Keys, but it was later sent to David Guetta, who included Sia's original demo vocals on the song and released it as a single in 2011. \"Titanium\" was a commercial success worldwide, peaking within the top five of record charts in the United States, Australia and numerous European regions. However, Sia was not pleased with the success of the single: \"[...] I never even knew it was gonna happen, and I was really upset. Because I had just retired, I was trying to be a pop songwriter, not an artist.\" From 2011 to 2013, Sia became well known for writing songs for Beyoncé, Flo Rida, Christina Aguilera, and Rihanna. By September 2013, Sia was recording vocal tracks at her home studio with the hope of releasing a new album the following spring. Later that year, a team of RCA Records representatives including the label's CEO Peter Edge met with Sia to discuss a record deal. The singer agreed to a contract for a new album in which she was not obliged to tour or do press appearances to promote the album. In an interview published by \"NME\" in February 2015, Sia revealed that \"1000 Forms of Fear\" was released as a contractual obligation: \"Basically, I put this out to get out of my publishing deal. I was planning to be a pop song writer for other artists. But my publishing deal was as an artist so I had to put one more album out. I didn't want to get famous so I kept all the songs I wanted and had a lot of fun making it.\" \"1000 Forms of Fear\" is primarily an electropop album, with influences of hip hop and reggae. It opens with \"Chandelier\", an electropop song that features a reggae-influenced beat. Lyrically, the track talks about \"the glitter and fatigue of a party girl's life.\" The follow-up, \"Big Girls Cry\", was compared to Alanis Morissette's \"Hands Clean\". On \"Burn the Pages\", Sia described a friend she wants to cheer up: \"You're twisted up like a slipknot / Tied by a juicehead who just took his T-shot.\" \"Eye of the Needle\" is a \"military-march\" piano ballad, while \"Hostage\" is a new wave pop and ska track that features Sia's voice \"cracking like a punk singer.\"", "\"Eye of the Needle\" is a \"military-march\" piano ballad, while \"Hostage\" is a new wave pop and ska track that features Sia's voice \"cracking like a punk singer.\" The sixth song, \"Straight for the Knife\", is instrumented by strings and lyrically details a tempestuous relationship: \"But will someone find me swinging from the rafters / I’m hanging on your every word.\" \"Fair Game\", where Sia sings \"Watch me squirm baby, but you're just what I need,\" is a minimalist and string-laden song about the desire to find an equal partner. The solo version of \"Elastic Heart\", which originally featured The Weeknd and Diplo, is a trap song. The song addresses \"the overwhelming strength [Sia] needed to convince herself that life was worth living after coming out of a crushing relationship.\" \"Free the Animal\" lyrically \"imagines being killed in lurid, masochistic detail\" with the lyrics \"Detonate me / Shoot me like a cannon ball / Granulate me / Kill me like an animal.\" The tenth song, \"Fire Meet Gasoline\", was compared to Beyoncé's \"Halo\" by Harriet Gibsone from \"The Guardian\". \"Cellophane\" is an electropop track, where Sia likens herself to \"a basket filled with pain.\" \"1000 Forms of Fear\" concludes with \"Dressed in Black\", which Heather Phares of AllMusic described as a ballad \"with more depth than the ones she writes for hire.\" \"Chandelier\" served as \"1000 Forms of Fear\"s lead single. It was released for digital download onto the iTunes Stores on 17 March 2014. A music video for the song was released on 6 May 2014 and has been viewed on YouTube more than 1.5 billion times. It features dancer Maddie Ziegler in a blonde wig resembling a Sia hairstyle. The single became a commercial success, peaking at number eight on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the first single by Sia to appear on the chart as a lead artist. \"Chandelier\" also peaked within the top five of record charts in Europe and Oceania countries, including: Flanders and France (number one), Australia and Norway (number two), New Zealand (number three), United Kingdom (number six), and Slovakia (number five). The track was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association and gold by Recorded Music NZ. \"Big Girls Cry\" was made available for music download on 25 June. On 2 April 2015, a music video was released, starring Ziegler in the same blonde wig in front of a black background, contorting her face and using her hands to express a slew of emotions. \"Elastic Heart\" was released as the third single from \"1000 Forms of Fear\" in January 2015. A music video for the song was released on 7 January 2015 and features Ziegler in the same blonde wig dancing in a giant birdcage opposite actor Shia LaBeouf. It has been viewed on YouTube more than 700 million times. \"Elastic Heart\" peaked at number 17 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and charted within the top five charts of several countries, including Australia and Ireland. \"Fire Meet Gasoline\" was officially released as the fourth and last single from the album in Germany on 19 June 2015. A music video was released on 23 April 2015 on YouTube. It was filmed for Heidi Klum's lingerie line, and stars Klum and \"Game of Thrones\" actor Pedro Pascal. \"Eye of the Needle\" was released digitally on 3 June 2014 as a promotional single. In an interview with \"Dazed & Confused\", Sia explained that she had decided not to show her face in videos and press shots in the campaign for \"1000 Forms of Fear\"; instead, she focused on creating visual art through her videos. During the promotion of the album, Sia recruited Ziegler to be her persona on stage and performed with her back facing to the camera. On 19 May 2014, Sia performed \"Chandelier\" on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\", where Maddie Ziegler recreated the choreography in the music video. Sia also performed the song on \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\" on 9 June 2014, with \"Girls\" star Lena Dunham performing the choreography. On 4 July 2014, Sia made an appearance on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live! \", where she performed \"Chandelier\", \"Big Girls Cry\" and \"Elastic Heart\". On 30 July 2014, Sia performed \"Chandelier\", \"Elastic Heart\" and \"Big Girls Cry\" on the VH1's show \"SoundClash\". On 17 January 2015, Sia performed \"Chandelier\" and \"Elastic Heart\" on \"Saturday Night Live\". On 8 February 2015, Sia and Ziegler together with actress Kristen Wiig performed \"Chandelier\" in a room reminiscent of the video set on the 2015 Grammy Awards telecast. \"1000 Forms of Fear\" received generally positive reviews from critics. \"The Boston Globe\" critic Sarah Rodman described the release as \"dynamite,\" while Heather Phares from AllMusic called the album \"the sound of [Sia] owning her success.\"", "\"The Boston Globe\" critic Sarah Rodman described the release as \"dynamite,\" while Heather Phares from AllMusic called the album \"the sound of [Sia] owning her success.\" Writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\", Helen Brown praised the album's production and \"inspirational\" lyrics showcasing Sia struggling to deal with drug addiction and bipolar disorder. \"Rolling Stone\"s Julianne Escobedo Shepherd simply wrote that \"she sounds like a superstar;\" while Maura Johnston of \"Spin\" characterised \"1000 Forms of Fear\" as \"a chunk of the human emotional spectrum committed to record.\" On behalf of \"The New York Times\", Jon Pareles lauded the \"loopy, unresolved passions\" on the album in favour of \"the triumphal, laminated, computer-perfected tone of Sia’s clients.\" Writing for Slant Magazine, Annie Galvin opined that \"1000 Forms of Fear\" \"should be the vessel that rockets the singer out of relative obscurity and into the stratosphere populated by those more recognizable stars who've come to dominate the pop-music universe thanks, in part, to her songwriting skills.\" Mikael Wood writing for the \"Los Angeles Times\" praised Sia's vocals and the production held by Greg Kurstin. Likewise, \"Entertainment Weekly\"s Adam Markovitz positively viewed Sia's voice as \"astonishing,\" giving the album a B score. On a less enthusiastic review, \"The Guardian\" Harriet Gibsone shared that the album was so impeccable and \"contemporary-sounding\" that \"its impact may fade with time.\" \"The A.V. Club\" writer Annie Zaleski wrote: \"\"1000 Forms of Fear\" certainly has the songs and contemporary sheen to make Sia a star in her own right, but it's at the expense of both her emotional intimacy and her offbeat personality.\" Sarah Rodman of \"The Boston Globe\" labelled \"1000 Forms of Fear\" the \"Best Surprise\" of 2014. It ranked number 13 on Digital Spy's list of Top 15 Albums of 2014. Jon Pareles from \"The New York Times\" placed the album at number 5 on his list of favourite albums of the year. It also appeared on the lists of the best albums of 2014 of Slant Magazine (number 13) and \"The Daily Telegraph\" (number 44). \"Rolling Stone\" ranked it number 20 on its list of 20 Best Pop Albums of 2014. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2014, Sia won Album of the Year, Best Female Artist and Best Pop Release for \"1000 Forms of Fear\". The lead single \"Chandelier\" received four Grammy nominations for Song of the Year, Record of the Year, Best Pop Solo Performance and Best Music Video at the 57th Grammy Awards. \"1000 Forms of Fear\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with first-week sales of 52,000 copies. By doing so, it became the lowest sales figure for a number-one album on the chart in nearly two years. \"The Guardian\"s Clem Bastow commented on the album's success in the United States: \"Australian artists typically fare better in the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, but even then, Sia finds herself in rarefied company.\" On behalf of \"The Sydney Morning Herald\", George Palathingal opined that the album's debuting atop the \"Billboard\" 200 is the result of \"a stroke of (anti-)marketing genius\" and \"a case of quality pop music standing proud.\" \"1000 Forms of Fear\" had sold 374,000 copies in the United States as of December 2015. In Australia, the release debuted atop the ARIA Albums Chart on 20 July 2014 and remained on the chart for 20 weeks. In April 2015, the album was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for having shipped 70,000 units in the country. \"1000 Forms of Fear\" also peaked at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart. The release also charted within the top five albums charts of several countries, including Norway (number two), New Zealand, Sweden and Switzerland (number four) and Denmark (number five). In the United Kingdom, \"1000 Forms of Fear\" peaked at number 5 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry. As of February 2016, the album has sold 268,949 copies in the United Kingdom. As of January 2016, it has sold 1 million copies worldwide. Credits adapted from \"1000 Forms of Fear\" liner notes Notes Production" ]

[ "Gertrude Ansell Gertrude Mary Ansell (2 June 1861 – 7 March 1932) was a British suffragette, animal rights activist and businesswoman. Ansell was the third child and only daughter of the metallurgist George Frederick Ansell (1826–1880) and his wife, Sarah (\"née\" Cook). Her father had, in 1856, been appointed to a clerkship in the Royal Mint with a brief to eliminate waste and mismanagement but was forced to give up his position in 1868. He died in 1880 leaving his family little; in 1881 Gertrude Ansell was working in a telephone office. By 1900, she had set up in business as a \"typewriter\". Gertrude Ansell's thinking was dominated by the welfare of animals and the enfranchisement of women. In 1909, she became honorary treasurer of the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society and one of the organisers of that year's International Anti-Vivisection and Animal Protection Congress. She believed that the economic position of women would never be satisfactory without political freedom and in December 1906 she joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). On 13 October 1908, she was arrested after taking part in a WSPU \"raid\" on the House of Commons and was sentenced to one month's imprisonment in Holloway Prison. During the next five years, Ansell took part in all of the major WSPU spectacles, but she had given an undertaking to one of her animal committees not to take part in militant activity. She worked for the \"Dogs Exemption Bill\" and the \"Plumage Bill\", but when they were rejected by the House of Commons in 1913 she returned to WSPU actions. On 31 July, she smashed a window at the Home Office and was sentenced to a month's imprisonment. She went on hunger strike and was released under the \"\"Cat and Mouse Act\"\". She was rearrested on 30 October at Holborn tube station while selling the WSPU's newspaper, \"The Suffragette\". The criminal record office had circulated her photograph and description as a \"known militant suffragette\" (5 feet 4 inches, grey eyes, hair turning grey). She then followed a pattern of hunger strike, release, rearrest and imprisonment until she managed to evade the police. On 12 May 1914, she smashed Hubert von Herkomer's portrait of the Duke of Wellington in the Royal Academy with an axe, causing £15 worth of damage. When arrested, she was reported to have said, \"I have done my duty, and I wish that every other woman would do the same.\" She was sentenced to six months' imprisonment but this time she was not released and, because she continued her hunger and thirst strike, she was forcibly fed. She was finally released on 10 August, under an amnesty for suffragette prisoners at the outbreak of the First World War. She had been forcibly fed 236 times. One of her brothers was the barrister J. E. Ansell, who later published a history of the family name. It was to his children that Gertrude Ansell left her small estate. She died at the General Hospital in Saffron Walden on 7 March 1932 following an operation for gallstones." ]

[ "Atari 2700 The Atari 2700 (also known the Atari Remote Control VCS) was a prototype video game console that was developed by Atari, Inc. to be a wirelessly controlled version of Atari's popular Atari 2600 system. Intended for release in 1981, the 2700 was one of several planned follow-ups to the 2600, but the system was never put into full production. While It is unclear how many of these systems exist, former Atari employee Dan Kramer has stated that at least 12 consoles were made,(one is owned by The National Videogame Museum) plus extra controllers. The 2700 was fully compatible with the Atari 2600 system and intended to use that system's games and accessories. The 2700's new features over the 2600 included wireless controllers featuring a combination of a joystick and paddle, touch sensitive switches, and a streamlined wedge–shaped case. Internally, the product was also called the \"RC Stella\", where \"RC\" referred to Radio Control and \"Stella\" was the internal Atari codename for the 2600. The 2700 wireless controllers operate via radio signals. They feature an on/off switch and are powered by a replaceable 9-volt battery. Communication with the console is achieved via a flexible antenna. Each controller is designated as either a left (player 1) or right (player 2) and cannot be swapped. Each 2700 controller features a single fire button and a short stick which combines the features of a standard 8 position joystick and a 270 degree paddle controller. Game Select and Reset buttons appear on both the controllers and the console, the latter presumably for instances where standard wired controllers would be used instead of the wireless units. The console features two standard Atari 9-pin controller ports on its right side, allowing for use of other 2600 compatible controllers such as Atari-made and third-party joysticks, as well as Atari's own Driving Controller, Paddles, Kid's Controller, Keypad Controller, and Trak-Ball. The top surface features a 2600 style cartridge slot and touch-sensitive buttons with associated red LEDs, including buttons for functions directly related to the wireless controllers, such as selecting between the wireless controllers and any plugged in, and for switching the function of the wireless controllers between joystick and paddle mode. The case represented a significant departure from previous Atari consumer product designs, dispensing with aesthetics of earlier Atari consoles. Faux wood grain inlays and mechanical throw switches were replaced by a sleek, dark brown wedge with indented. touch sensitive switches. The casing featured a hinge-topped storage bay for the wireless controllers and a built-in belly groove for winding excess cable to connect to a TV. Although they were the primary innovation of the 2700, it was the wireless controllers that actually caused the console to be cancelled prior to release. Specifically, the wireless controllers had a working radius of approximately 1000 ft, but there was no mechanism for pairing a given set of controllers with a specific console, which meant controllers for any one 2700 could unintentionally affect other nearby 2700s. Furthermore, the controllers were based on the design of garage door openers, which led to concerns that they could accidentally trigger other remote controlled devices. Although abandoned, the 2700 case design became the model for a number of later Atari game systems, notably the very similar looking Atari 2800 for Japan and the similar Atari-made Sears-branded Video Arcade II, both of which featured (wired) controllers which combined the functions of joystick and paddle. The case design also influenced a whole range of subsequent Atari home consoles, including the Atari 5200 (which featured a 2700-like controller bay), as well as the Atari 2600 Jr., and Atari 7800. The idea of wireless controllers for the 2600 and joystick compatible systems was in 1983 fulfilled by the Atari 2600 Wireless Remote Controlled Joystick, a plug-in accessory (Model No., CX 42). However, to house additional electronics to correct the interference problem, the controllers were bulky. Additionally, they were difficult to control and suffered from poor battery life. The 2012-released Atari Flashback 4 also featured wireless controllers based on infrared technology." ]

[ "Petrykivka Petrykivka () is an urban-type settlement in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (province) in east-central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Petrykivka Raion. Population: . It is famous as a folk art centre and for its unique style of decorative painting. According to a legend, the settlement was founded by the Cossack Petryk, who gathered under his protection the serfs from the local villages. Petrykivka was first mentioned in historical documents in 1772, when the residents of neighbouring Kurylivka village asked Kosh Otaman Petro Kalnyshevsky to move their Orthodox Chapel to a safer place because of flooding. According to that request, the wooden church was moved to Petrykivka. During World War II the town was conquered by Italian troops." ]

[ "Shellshock (Marvel Comics) Shellshock is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Shellshock first appeared in \"Fantastic Four Annual\" #5 (November 1967), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. The character subsequently appears in \"Marvel Two-In-One\" #70 (December 1980), #96 (February 1983), and \"Captain America\" #319 (July 1986), in which he was killed by the Scourge of the Underworld. Shellshock was a flunky of Psycho-Man. When he left Psycho-Man's employ, he kept the weapon designed for him and teamed up with another former flunky of Psycho-Man, Live Wire. They attempted to steal Alicia Masters's statues, but were defeated by the Thing. Shellshock was present at the \"Bar With No Name\" attending a meeting by the former supervillain Gary Gilbert (Firebrand) to discuss the menace of the Scourge of the Underworld. Ironically, the Scourge had already infiltrated the meeting, disguised as the bartender, and opened fire on the assembled villains, killing most of them, including Shellshock. Shellshock used a special handgun that fired assorted projectiles, including shock blasts, microwave energy, gas grenades, explosive miniature missiles, heat-seeking and guided projectiles, and an expanding yeast-putty which entangled opponents." ]

[ "Passaic and Harsimus Line Conrail's Passaic and Harsimus Line serves freight in northeastern New Jersey, as an alternate to the mainly passenger Northeast Corridor. It takes trains from the Northeast Corridor and Lehigh Line near Newark Liberty International Airport northeast and east into Jersey City, New Jersey, serving as part of CSX's main corridor from upstate New York to the rest of the east coast. The line begins at a junction with Amtrak's Northeast Corridor at Lane Interlocking near Waverly Yard . It runs next to the Northeast Corridor, just to the east, along what was originally Track 0 (the old P&H Branch east of the yard is now abandoned). After about a mile, the Greenville Secondary splits to the east to the Lehigh Valley Railroad Bridge, and the P&H Line passes under the Lehigh Line and turns east. Access to the Lehigh Line eastbound is provided from the Greenville Branch via a track into the Oak Island Yard ; another track leaves the Oak Island Yard to join the P&H Line headed northbound. After crossing the Passaic River on the Point-No-Point Bridge , the P&H Line passes over PATH and turns east, parallel to PATH. A track splitting just before the overpass accesses the area south of PATH. The P&H Line then heads east through West Hudson and then across the Harsimus Branch Lift Bridge over the Hackensack River to Marion Junction , where the Northern Running Track goes north, with most rail traffic. The P&H Line past Marion Junction is now a secondary connection through the Journal Square Transportation Center to the National Docks Branch via a short section of the former River Line. River Line in Hoboken and Weehawken is now used for the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail. The P&H Line, before passing to Conrail, was the Pennsylvania Railroad's P&H Line. Before that, it was the Waverly and Passaic Branch south of the bridge over PATH, the PRR's main line from there to the River Line, and the Harsimus Branch where track no longer exists, east along the Harsimus Stem Embankment to Harsimus Cove." ]

[ "Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford The Department of Biochemistry of Oxford University is located in the Science Area in Oxford, England. It is one of the largest biochemistry departments in Europe. The Biochemistry Department is part of the University of Oxford's Medical Sciences Division, the largest of the University's four academic divisions and ranked first in the world for biomedicine. The Department of Biochemistry at Oxford University began as the physiological chemistry section of the Physiology Department, and acquired its own separate department and building in the 1920s. In 1920, Benjamin Moore was elected to the position of the Whitley Professor of Biochemistry, the newly established Chair of Biochemistry at Oxford University. He was followed by Rudolph Peters in 1923, and an endowment of £75,000 was soon granted by the Rockefeller Foundation for the construction of a new building for the Department of Biochemistry, purchase of its equipment, and its maintenance. The Biochemistry Department building opened in 1927. In 1954, Hans Krebs was appointed the Whitley Chair of Biochemistry, and his appointment brought greater prominence to the department. He brought with him the Medical Research Council unit established to conduct research on cell metabolism. In 1955, a second professorship in the department, the Iveagh Chair of Microbiology, was established with funding from Guinness and the sub-department of Microbiology created, with Donald Woods its first holder. The eight-storey Hans Krebs Building was constructed in 1964 with funds from the Rockefeller Foundation. Krebs was succeeded by Rodney Porter in 1967. Genetics was brought into the Biochemistry Department when Walter Bodmer was appointed the first Professor of Genetics in 1970. The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, first established in the Zoology Department with support from Krebs and also linked to the Physical Chemistry Laboratory of the Chemistry Department, became part of the Biochemistry Department. It moved into the Rex Richards building built in 1984, with David Phillips the Professor in Molecular Biophysics. The Oxford Glycobiology Institute, then headed by Raymond Dwek and housed in the Rodney Porter Building, opened in 1991. The department is now part of the Medical Sciences Division of Oxford University, under the Divisional Boards formed in 2000. In 2006, two older biochemistry buildings were demolished, and another two including the Han Krebs Tower in 2014, to make way for the two-phase construction of the New Biochemistry Building. Mark Sansom, the current David Phillips Professor in Molecular Biophysics, is the head of the Biochemistry Department. The department is sub-divided into the following research areas: There are around 400 research staff, with about 50 independent Principal Investigators who lead research groups that may range from a few people to forty or more. Members of other departments also contribute to teaching, including lecturers in physiology, pathology, pharmacology, clinical biochemistry and zoology. The Department hosts the Oxford University Biochemical Society, a graduate student association that invites speakers to the University of Oxford. The head of department is Professor Mark Sansom. Other members of the academic staff include Judy Armitage, Elspeth Garman, Jonathan Hodgkin, Kim Nasmyth, Rob Klose and Alison Woollard. The department currently has three main buildings: Until 2006, two older buildings housing genetics (the Walter Bodmer building) and biochemistry (the Rudolph Peters building) were also part of the department. However, these were demolished in 2006 to make way for the first phase of the construction of the New Biochemistry building, completed in October 2008. Until 2008 biochemistry also occupied the Donald Woods building and the Hans Krebs Tower, which was demolished in 2014 for the second phase of the construction. The New Biochemistry building houses interdisciplinary research in the Biosciences including Physiology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Clinical Neurosciences. The Department moved into the purpose-built new biochemistry building during the Autumn of 2008 which was designed to promote interaction and collaboration as well as provide facilities for all staff. The New Biochemistry building houses a substantial amount of contemporary art." ]

[ "Gustave-Adolphe-Narcisse Turcotte Gustave-Adolphe-Narcisse Turcotte (November 19, 1848 – October 4, 1918) was a Quebec physician and political figure. He represented Nicolet in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1907 to 1911. His name also appears as Gustave-Adolphe Turcotte. He was born in Trois-Rivières, Canada East in 1848, the son of Joseph-Édouard Turcotte and Flore Buteau, and was educated at the Jesuit Collège Saint-Marie in Montreal and the Séminaire Saint-Joseph in Trois-Rivières. Turcotte served as registrar for Nicolet County. He ran unsuccessfully to represent Nicolet in the House of Commons in 1877 and 1878, losing to François-Xavier-Ovide Méthot each time. Turcotte was elected in a 1907 by-election held after Charles Ramsay Devlin resigned his seat to become a member of the Quebec cabinet. He was reelected in the 1908 federal election but was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1911. He was married twice: first to Jeanne Leblanc and then to Emma, the daughter of Charles-Édouard Houde. His illegitimate brother Arthur served in the Quebec assembly and was mayor of Trois-Rivières." ]

[ "Saimyō-ji (Kora) , also known as or as is a Buddhist temple of the Tendai sect in Kōra, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Founded at the beginning of the ninth century by the 54th Emperor of Japan, the temple is dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of healing. The complex includes several National Treasures and a garden designated as Place of Scenic Beauty of Japan. In 834, at the request of Emperor Ninmyō, the fifty-fourth emperor of Japan, the Buddhist monk Sanshū, of the Tendai sect, which was founded in 805 by Saichō (767-822), built a temple dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of medicine and healing. This was the temple Saimyō-ji, located about , as the crow flies, east of Lake Biwa. The buildings of this Buddhist place of worship were erected on a wooded hillside at the foot of the northwestern slope of the Suzuka Mountains. At the beginning of the Kamakura shogunate (1192 - 1333), Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shōgun of the Kamakura period (1185 - 1333), paid an official visit to the temple. In 1571, during the Sengoku period, in the Siege of Mount Hiei, the daimyō Oda Nobunaga, decided to challenge the power of the warrior monks of the Tendai sect, and destroyed the sect's headquarters at Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, above Kyoto. Soon after, a samurai in the service of Nobunaga, Gorōzaemon, burns Saimyō-ji; Only the main building, the three-storey pagoda and the wooden entrance door to the temple escaped the ravages of the fire. Thanks to the interventions of the monks Tenkai (1536 - 1643) and Kōkai (1608 - 1695), during the Edo period (1603 - 1868), the daimyō Mochizuki of Ōmi had the temple complex of Saimyō-ji rebuilt, restoring its status as a major center of Buddhist studies. On , six months after the promulgation of the Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law, the main hall (hondō) of the temple was classified as a National Treasure, a classification confirmed in 1952 under the new promulgated on by the Ministry of Education. As part of state heritage conservation programme, repairs of several classified buildings were carried out during the 2000s. According to a legend, on a day in the year 834, the monk Sanshū, on a meditative walk along the western shore of Lake Biwa, would have seen purple clouds in the eastern sky across the lake. A dazzling light suddenly appeared. The monk, interpreting this phenomenon as a sign of celestial power, went to the spot where the brilliance of light had formed. There he found a pond on which he began to pray. In response to his incantations, the Bodhisattva of Sunlight, Nikkō bosatsu, and his brother Gakkō bosatsu, both servants of Yakushi Nyorai, followed by the Twelve Heavenly Generals, protecting divinities of the healing Buddha, manifested themselves before him. Appreciating this miraculous event, Emperor Ninmyō ordered a temple to be built at the place where the divinities of heaven appeared to Sanshū. And as the divine light illuminated the heavens in western direction, that of the imperial capital, the temple was baptized . In accordance with a belief within Chinese geomancy, the site of the temple near Lake Biwa to the east of the imperial capital, Heian-kyō, corresponded to an earthly paradise, the centre of cosmic influences in \"feng shui\". The temple was therefore assigned the Azure Dragon, guardian of the East and one of the Four Symbols. The temple's honorific mountain name, , was meant to signify that every wish was fulfilled at Saimyō-ji. Together with Kongōrin-ji in Aishō and Hyakusai-ji in Higashiōmi the temple forms a group of three temples known as . The temple Saimyō-ji is a Buddhist architectural complex that includes a main building, two gates, one of which is an entrance gate (\"sōmon\"), and the other a middle gate (\"nitenmon\"), enshrining two statues of Niō, two pagodas, one traditional \"shōrō\" (bell tower), a \"chōzuya\" (ablution pavilion), a garden of sakura, Japanese maples, cedars and cypresses, a landscaped garden (Hōraitei (庭庭)), a residence for priests, a reception desk and an information office. Wood and stone are the main building materials. A steep path, \"sandō\", which leads from the entrance gate to the main gate (\"nitenmon\") of the temple, divides the complex in two. Two onigawara, a shachihoko, and many stone vestiges, such as Buddhist sculptures, lanterns, groups of Jizō, litter the mossy soil of the grounds. At the edge of the sandō, a statue of Saichō, a Buddhist monk who founded the Tendai branch of Japanese Buddhism, recalls the religious affiliation of the temple. A \"hokora\", miniature Shinto shrine, dedicated to the Eastern Guardian Dragon, and another honoring Inari are signs of the historical syncretism between Buddhism and kami worship (\"Shinbutsu-shūgō\"). A corner of the grounds houses a statue of , one of the many manifestations of the Goddess of Mercy with eleven faces. This bronze Kannon sculpture is surrounded by panels supporting shelves on which are aligned hundreds of miniatures of the Buddhist goddess. A niōmon, called nitenmon (\"the gate of the two celestial kings\"), marks the entrance to the temple enclosure.", "A niōmon, called nitenmon (\"the gate of the two celestial kings\"), marks the entrance to the temple enclosure. This Muromachi period gateway dates to 1407 and is the oldest extant nitenmon. It enshrines on either side of its opening wooden statues of Zōjō-ten, guardian of the south and of Jikoku-ten, guardian of the east; two representatives of the Four Heavenly Kings. The gate is entirely made of wood in the style and has an irimoya style roof. In 1911, the Saimyō-ji \"nitenmon\" made its appearance on the list of Important Cultural Properties established by the Japanese State. Dating to the end of the Kamakura period, the temple's , also known as \"ruriden\" and classified as a National Treasure, is a hinoki cypress wood construction without any nails. It is a 7×7 ken single-storied, irimoya style construction with a 3 ken step canopy. The roof is covered with bark shingles. The building serves as a place of meditation for the faithful of the Tendai school. The building, with an area of approximately , houses Kamakura period wooden sculptures of the Twelve Heavenly Generals, three statues forming the Pure Land Triad: Amida Nyorai surrounded by Kannon Bosatsu and Seishi Bosatsu, two gilded statuettes representing Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu, terracotta miniatures of the monks Ryōgen and Shinran from the Muromachi period, and several important national cultural objects: an icon of Yakushi Nyorai from the Heian period, statues of Shaka Nyorai (Kamakura period), Fudō Myōō, works of the monk Enchin dating from the beginning of the Heian era, Kōmoku-ten and Tamon-ten (Heian period) , two of the Four Heavenly Kings of Chinese Buddhist Mythology. Saimyō-ji is the 32nd step on a pilgrimage route installed in 1989 in the Kansai region connecting 49 holy sites dedicated to the Buddhist deity Yakushi Nyorai. The first is Yakushi-ji in Nara and the last Enryaku-ji in Kyoto. A building near to the main hall is set up to receive the pilgrims and the temple provides each with a certificate stamped with the official seal attesting their passage. Behind the main building of the temple, a wooden staircase leads to a clearing. In this isolated place, a Kamakura period or treasure pagoda made of granite . This Important Cultural Property from 1304 is a monument commemorating the founding of Saimyō-ji. The Saimyō-ji complex contains a tall, 3×3 ken in Japanese style. The carpenters from the Hida region who built it towards the end of the Kamakura period used only Japanese hinoki cypress wood and no nails. On the first floor of the building, murals by painters of the Kose school illustrate the Lotus Sutra, which is at the base of the religious corpus of the Tendai branch of Japanese Buddhism, and Dainichi Nyorai and his 32 attendants. They are the only extant Kamakura period murals. This monument, typical of the architectural style of the Kamakura period, has been classified as a National Treasure since 1952. Beyond the gate of the temple, lies a wooded garden, on the ground covered with moss. Known as , it contains cedars, cypress, and a large number of Japanese maple trees that are popular in autumn during leaf peeping season. Spring blossoms in the garden include pink and white flowers of Yoshino cherry trees, mountain cherry (\"yamazakura\"), spring cherry (\"higanzakura\"), white bell-shaped flowers of Enkianthus perulatus, flower beds of Rhododendron and hydrangea. From the beginning of September until November, the garden is a popular spot for autumn \"hanami\", when the toad lilies, camellias, Japanese maple and , a late blooming cultivation of a Japanese ornamental cherry tree, give the full measure of their flowering. Some of these ornamental cherry trees were planted in the mid-eighteenth century. Near the \"Nitenmon\", two Japanese cedars (\"Cryptomeria japonica\"), joined at the base of their trunks, form a pair of siamese trees. A \"shimenawa\" surrounding them emphasizes the sacredness of this . Associated with the much younger cedar that grows to a few centimeters from their contiguous trunks, they symbolize a family to which a Local belief attributes miraculous properties: it would be enough to put hands on their roots or trunk to ensure good health, longevity, a harmonious couple life, family prosperity or even a painless childbirth. The garden, which has been listed as a Place of Scenic Beauty of Japan since 1987, includes a landscaped garden known as , a donation by the daimyō Mochizuki on the occasion of the celebration of the reconstruction of the Temple in 1673. With its stones representing the triad of the Pure Land, Nikkō and Gakkō Bosatsu, and the Twelve Heavenly Generals, this expanse of greenery constitutes an allegory of Mount Penglai of Chinese mythology. Among the plants on an island in its koi pond, emerge stones whose shapes resemble a tortoise or a paper crane, traditional figures of the Japanese art of folding paper." ]

[ "Kerry Remsen Kerry Remsen is an American actress. She is the daughter of actor Bert Remsen and casting director Barbara Joyce Dodd, sister of Ann Remsen Manners and has been married to Ron Cates since 2006. She attended the U.S. Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. She has appeared in well over twenty different films and television programs. She was a regular and prominent cast member of Leah Laiman's 1990s soap opera, \"Tribes\". She is also most remembered by horror fans for her small part in \"A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge\", and supporting and co-starring roles in \"Pumpkinhead\" and \"Ghoulies II\". Her mother, Barbara Joyce Dodd, was an actress and played Granny in \"Employee of the Month\". Her actor father, Bert Remsen, died on April 22, 1999, aged 74.. Her older sister is Ann Manners. In addition to her more than 25-year career in film, she is the founder of ACT, Acting Communication Training, an organization that works to boost the morale and confidence of at-risk children in inner-city schools. Part of her work has been with the Payson Road organization to help children with eating disorders. In 2001, she was working with the organizations founder, Sarah Mason, who was an LA-based screenwriter at the time to organize the \"Road to the Stars\" event to raise support and awareness. She is also a children's dance instructor and private acting coach. Remsen found a decent amount of work in the 1980s. She appeared in at least ten movies, with two of them made for television. Some of those films were the best known horror films of the decade. She also appeared in six different television programs. She had a part as a teenager in \"Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls\", a 1981 TV movie which was directed by Walter Grauman. Then she had a credited role as Chris in \"Not My Kid\", which was directed Michael Tuchner, and released in 1985. She then had a part as a stage manager in \"The Facts of Life\", episode \"3, 2, 1\". She then had a major role as Samantha in the Jim Wilson directed 1986 film \"Smart Alec\", which also starred Ben Glass, Antony Alda, Orson Bean and Natasha Kautsky. The next movie she appeared in was a made-for-television film. It was \"\", which was directed by James Goldstone and starred Cliff Robertson and Loretta Swit. Her role as Taffi Fisher, the youngest child of the treasure hunter Mel Fisher was a prominent one. In 1987, she appeared in \"21 Jump Street\", \"CBS Schoolbreak Special\", and \"Our House\". Her next film was \"Two Moon Junction\", which was directed by Zalman King. She played the part of Carolee. In 1990, she appeared on stage at the Friends Theatre in the play \"Montana\", playing the part of Gayle. Also in 1990 she landed a regular role as Pamela in \"Tribes\". She appeared in the first episode which aired on the 5th of March that year. She appeared in a total of 65 of the show's 101 episodes, with her last airing on the 1st of June. Later that year she appeared as Trish in the \"Doogie Howser, M.D.\" episode, \"Car Wars\". In 1992, the comedy film \"Round Numbers\" was released. The cast included Kate Mulgrew, Samantha Eggar, Marty Ingels, and Rick Dano. Remsen's sister Anne Remsen Manners was involved in the casting. Rremsen played the part of Constance, and was credited as Kerry Remsen Phillips. The 1980s saw Remsen in some well known horror films. She had a part in \"\", which was released in 1985. Another film released the same year was one she co-starred in. It was Ramsey Thomas's \"Appointment with Fear\", in which she played the part of Heather. Her character Heather is the one that kills the villain Attis. She was a prominent cast member in the 1988 film \"Pumpkinhead\" which was directed by Stan Winston. She played the part of Maggie, the girlfriend of Joel Hoffman's character Steve. Also released that year was \"Ghoulies II\", directed by Albert Band. In that film she had a prominent part playing the role of Nicole. As the leading female actress in the film, she teams up with Larry, played by Damon Martin. They join forces to find a way to send the creatures back to hell. Her last horror film for the decade which happened to be her last film for the decade was the Jim & Ken Wheat, directed / produced \"After Midnight\". The film was in three parts with a different story in each. She played the part of Maggie in the \"Allison's Story\" segment. As a coach, one of the actors she coached was Jason Ellefson, who went on to appear in \"Melrose Place\", and \"6 Guns\". Other actors she worked with include Jennifer Holloway who had appeared as Barb in \"American Horror Story\", and Jase Lindgren.", "Other actors she worked with include Jennifer Holloway who had appeared as Barb in \"American Horror Story\", and Jase Lindgren. In Eric Shirey's review of \"Ghoulies\" and \"Ghoulies II\" on Scream Factory's blu-ray release, interviews of her along with producer Charles Band, and special effects artist Gino Crognale are noted as the bonus features for \"Ghoulies II\"." ]

[ "Psych: The Movie Psych: The Movie is a television comedy film based on the USA Network dramedy series, \"Psych\". The film follows the \"Psych\" characters three years later in San Francisco, since the series finale in 2014. The movie aired on December 7, 2017 on USA Network. Main cast members James Roday, Dulé Hill, Timothy Omundson, Maggie Lawson, Kirsten Nelson, and Corbin Bernsen all reprised their roles from the series, with frequently recurring actors Kurt Fuller and Jimmi Simpson also appearing. The film was directed by series creator Steve Franks, who co-wrote the script with Roday. Once the series wrapped, Franks immediately had the idea to bring the \"Psych\" universe back in movie form later on. Franks hopes to make five more Psych movies, following \"Psych: The Movie\". On July 3, 2018, TVLine confirmed that a sequel was in early stages of development, but is currently put on hold due to scheduling conflicts by the main cast. On May 8, 2017, USA Network announced \"Psych: The Movie\". All the original main cast returned for the TV movie, directed by series creator Steve Franks and written by Franks and series star James Roday. Zachary Levi was later announced as the main villain, \"Thin White Duke,\" while Jazmyn Simon – co-star Dulé Hill's real-life fiancée – plays Selene, a romantic interest for Gus. On July 5, 2017, WWE wrestler Charlotte Flair announced that she would be in \"Psych: The Movie\" as Heather Rockrear. On June 28, 2017, former guest star Ralph Macchio joined the cast, reprising his role as Nick Conforth, the police academy officer who trained Shawn and Gus in season 5. Principal photography took place from May 25 to June 18 in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was later announced that Omundson would have a reduced role due to a stroke, but would still appear. In addition, Kurt Fuller and Jimmi Simpson were confirmed to be reprising their respective roles of Woody Strode and Mary Lightly. At a Comic Con gathering, Steve Franks also announced he hoped to make five additional TV movies, and was looking to the \"Fast and Furious\" franchise for inspiration. On October 7, 2017 at New York Comic Con, the cast announced the movie would be released on December 7, 2017 on USA Network. Shawn, Gus and Juliet have relocated to San Francisco. After Juliet's partner Sam is shot, the Psych team attempts to find out who did it and why. Additionally, while a mysterious organization is blackmailing Juliet (by insinuating she has done something illegal), Shawn refuses to get married until he can locate his grandmother's stolen engagement ring, Chief Vick's daughter Iris has fallen in with a bad crowd, and Gus is being pursued by an attractive woman who uses all the best moves in his own playbook. The original American broadcast premiere of \"Psych: The Movie\" on USA Network received 1.26 million viewers and was the most watched scripted program of the day. It also achieved a demo of 0.5 in the 18-49 category, matching the demo from multiple season 8 episodes, while beating the demo scores of many USA Network original shows' episodes in 2017. \"Entertainment Weekly\" graded it with a \"B+.\" Danette Chavez of \"The A.V. Club\" gave it a \"B\" saying \"Psych: The Movie is lively and lightweight, buoyed by Roday and Hill's bond, which hasn't diminished at all in the last three years. Its structure is classic Psych.\" The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating based on 14 reviews." ]

[ "Wildrake diving accident The \"Wildrake\" diving accident was an incident in Scotland in August 1979 that claimed the lives of two American commercial divers. During a seemingly routine dive in the East Shetland Basin of the North Sea, the diving bell of the diving support vessel MS \"Wildrake\" became separated from its main lift wire at a depth of over . Although the bell was eventually recovered by \"Wildrake\", its two occupants, 32-year-old Richard Arthur Walker and 28-year-old Victor Francis \"Skip\" Guiel Jr., died of hypothermia. The accident resulted in extensive subsequent litigation and led to important safety changes in the diving industry. In March 1977, a Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM) system was installed in the Thistle oil field as a loading facility for oil tankers. It consisted of a buoy and riser connected to a gravity base on the seafloor. By January 1979, the buoy had become partially disconnected from the riser. British National Oil Corporation (BNOC) had the buoy blown free of the riser with explosives and taken to Amsterdam for repairs, but the explosive charges damaged the riser. In April 1979 the riser was removed from the base by divers and taken to Bergen, Norway to be repaired. In early 1978, Brian Masterson, an English businessman and engineer, co-founded Infabco Diving Services Ltd., a new commercial diving company. BNOC awarded Infabco a contract for diving services from the drill rig \"Gulnare\" alongside the Thistle Alpha platform. Investigative reporter Bryan Gould would later discover that BNOC's Offshore Construction Manager, Joe Singletary, facilitated Infabco's bid by allowing Masterson to examine his competitors' bids. After the \"Wildrake\" accident, BNOC's security division and Grampian Police investigated the possibility that Masterson had bribed BNOC officials for contracts. On 18 June 1979, BNOC contracted with Infabco to reinstall the SALM on its base in the Thistle field. The MS \"Wildrake\" was a diving support vessel constructed for and owned by Anders Wilhelmsen AS, a Norwegian shipping company. It had a built-in saturation diving system designed and built by another Norwegian company, Møllerodden AS. In May 1979, Infabco began negotiations for exclusive rights to the \"Wildrake\". In June and early July, with the \"Wildrake\" moored near Ulsteinvik, Infabco personnel prepared its diving system for use. The system was certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) on 3 July 1979. In mid-July, 17 bell runs were conducted from the \"Wildrake\" to prepare the SALM base for the reattachment. During this period, several significant alterations were made to the diving system. The swivel connecting the lift wire to the bell was replaced with a pair of shackles. The clump weight below the bell, which served as a backup recovery system, was removed to enable the bell to be launched over the side of the \"Wildrake\" rather than through the ship's moon pool. The bell's drop weights, another secondary means of bell recovery, were lashed to the bell frame with nylon rope to prevent their accidental release. The accidental release of drop weights had caused fatal diving bell accidents in the North Sea in 1974 and 1976. The \"Wildrake\" bell also had no bell stage to keep the bottom hatch out of the mud if the bell became stranded on the sea bottom. In late July and early August 1979, \"Wildrake\" divers reattached the SALM buoy to the riser and prepared the SALM for transport from Bjørnafjorden to Thistle field. On the night of 7 August 1979, Richard Walker and Victor Guiel, who had been in saturation since 29 July, were lowered to a depth of in the \"Wildrake\" diving bell to work on the reattachment of the SALM to its base. This was Bell Dive No. 30 from the \"Wildrake\". As the bell was lowered into the ocean, its transponder came loose, and the \"Wildrake\" deck foreman was ordered to cut it off. Shortly after 0220 hours on the morning of 8 August, Walker, who had been working outside the bell on the SALM base, saw that the bell had become separated from its lift wire and was hanging at an angle by its life support umbilical. He informed topside of the emergency and quickly rejoined Guiel in the bell, where the two divers closed and sealed the inside door. The bottom door, which opened outward, was left open and secured back to the bell frame. \"Wildrake\" dive superintendent Peter Holmes and dive supervisor Brian Reid believed that the umbilical was the correct secondary means of bell recovery in the system Møllerodden AS had designed. Møllerodden later denied this, and DNV had not certified the umbilical winch for bell recovery. Reid attempted to raise the bell with the umbilical, which was already damaged. The umbilical wheel on the ship's davit consisted of a rubber tire between two circular metal plates. The umbilical became jammed between the tire and one of the side plates. A further attempt to raise the bell on the umbilical using the ship's crane damaged the umbilical even more severely, and power and hot water to the bell were cut off. In response to a faint radio transmission from Walker and Guiel, the \"Wildrake\" crew lowered the bell to the seabed at a depth of .", "In response to a faint radio transmission from Walker and Guiel, the \"Wildrake\" crew lowered the bell to the seabed at a depth of . The diving vessel \"Stena Welder\" came alongside the \"Wildrake\" to render assistance in the rescue, but its diving system was undergoing repairs and had to be hastily readied for diving. Rather than having the \"Stena Welder\" recover the bell with its own crane, Holmes and Brian Masterson elected to raise the bell with the \"Wildrake\"'s crane. This necessitated that the \"Stena Welder\" rescue divers attach a guide wire to the bell, which would then be used to send the \"Wildrake\" crane hook to the bell, allowing the rescue diver to attach it to the bell with a wire sling. At 0609 hours, the \"Stena Welder\" diving bell entered the water carrying rescue divers Phil Kasey-Smith and Eddy Frank. Due to communication problems, failure of the lights on the \"Stena Welder\" bell, the absence of the \"Wildrake\" bell's transponder, and the fact that the \"Wildrake\" crew had forgotten they had moved the bell away from the SALM base a few hours earlier, it took Kasey-Smith nearly an hour to find the \"Wildrake\" bell on the seafloor. At 0755 hours, he saw Walker and Guiel giving him thumbs up through the porthole. Kasey-Smith spent another hour directing the recovery of the slack guide wire around the SALM base. Because the \"Stena Welder\" was not a dynamic positioning (DP) vessel, it could not be held in a constant position, causing the \"Stena Welder\" bell to drag Kasey-Smith around the seabed on his umbilical. At 0902 hours, Kasey-Smith attached the guide wire to the bell. The \"Wildrake\" began lowering its crane hook, but Kasey-Smith now saw that Walker and Guiel's movements had become \"very very frantic\". The crane hook came down too far from the bell for Kasey-Smith to reach it with the wire slings attached to the hook. The hook was raised, had further slings attached, and was sent down again to Kasey-Smith, who attached the slings to the \"Wildrake\" bell at 1010 hours. The \"Wildrake\" attempted to lift the bell from the bottom at a 45-degree angle rather than vertically, and without a visual confirmation that the bell was clear to be lifted. During the lift, the bell wedged against the side of the SALM base, causing the wire sling to break. The end of the crane wire emerged from the sea at 1220 hours without the \"Wildrake\" bell, which was again lost. When rescue diver Frank relocated the bell, he saw that Walker or Guiel had attempted to cut the ropes on the drop weights to allow the bell to surface, but that only one of the two weights was cut free. He also saw that the stranded divers were near death. With Kasey-Smith and Frank at the point of exhaustion, they were brought to the surface in the \"Stena Welder\" bell and relieved by divers Michael Mangan and Tony Slayman. At 1816 hours, Mangan reconnected the crane wire to the bell. At 1937 hours, the bell was lifted out of the ocean. It was docked to the \"Wildrake\" saturation system, where Dr. Morven White, who had been placed into saturation, examined Walker and Guiel and determined that they were dead. The official pronouncement of death was made by Dr. George Shirrifs, who had arrived aboard the \"Wildrake\" with White earlier that day. The divers' autopsies in Aberdeen, Scotland, determined that they died of hypothermia. On 9 August 1979, Department of Energy inspectors and police boarded the \"Wildrake\" to investigate the accident. DoE inspector Roy Giles found multiple safety violations and evidence of negligence. Richard Walker's widow and Victor Guiel's family retained San Francisco attorney Gerald Sterns, who filed a wrongful death complaint in the United States on 30 July 1980 against ten defendants, including Infabco Diving Services and Møllerodden AS. On 28 November 1980, Infabco Diving Services Ltd. was indicted on criminal charges in Aberdeen Sheriff Court. Each of the four charges against Infabco began with the words \"being the employer of\". At the criminal trial, which began on 15 December 1980, the diving company used what later became known as the \"Infabco defense\", claiming that it was not the employer of Walker and Guiel and that they were actually employed by a company called Offshore Co-ordinators Ltd., which was located in a bank on Jersey and registered in the Isle of Man. On 19 December 1980, Sheriff Alastair Stewart ruled that the Crown had failed to prove that Infabco was Walker and Guiel's employer. He therefore directed the jury to find Infabco not guilty. In May 1981, the United States District Court in Los Angeles awarded compensatory damages of $475,000 to Walker's widow and daughter and $75,000 to Guiel's family. This judgement, however, would never be enforced by the British court system. A Fatal Accident Inquiry on Walker and Guiel's deaths was held from 11 to 22 May 1981 in Aberdeen. At the inquiry, Walker's widow, Jeanne Walker, read aloud the final entry from her husband's diary, written on 7 August 1979, in which he commented, \"I don't even know if I'm gonna get out of here alive.\"", "At the inquiry, Walker's widow, Jeanne Walker, read aloud the final entry from her husband's diary, written on 7 August 1979, in which he commented, \"I don't even know if I'm gonna get out of here alive.\" Sheriff Douglas James Risk issued his Determinations on 13 November 1981. He found that the removal of the clump weight contributed to the divers' deaths and that the absence of a bell stage indicated \"that the diving contractors were more concerned with speed than with safety\". He also concluded that Walker and Guiel \"could probably have been saved\" if Masterson had not ordered the crane lift to continue without investigating the obstruction impeding the lift, which proved to be the SALM base. On 17 December 1981, the Thames Television current affairs series \"TV Eye\" broadcast \"The Last Dive\", a documentary featuring investigative reporter and former Member of Parliament Bryan Gould, which alleged that an improper relationship existed between Brian Masterson and Joe Singletary, BNOC's Offshore Construction Manager at the time of the accident. On 23 July 1982, the Edinburgh law firm of Simpson and Marwick filed suit in the United Kingdom against twelve defendants on behalf of the Walker and Guiel families. In October 1986, the remaining defendants settled, agreeing to pay £293,000 ($422,066.50) to the Walkers and a much smaller amount (possibly around $8000) to the Guiels. No admission of wrongdoing was ever made by the defendants. The \"Wildrake\", renamed \"Felinto Perry\", later became a submarine rescue ship in the Brazilian Navy. As of May 2000, the \"Wildrake\" accident records in London were missing." ]

[ "Robert Alan Moss Robert Alan Moss is a pediatrician who specialises in children with Attention Deficit Disorders ADD/ADHD. He is the author of the book \"Why Johnny Can't Concentrate; Coping with Attention Deficit Problems (1990)\". According to WorldCat, it is in over 700 libraries. Moss attended medical school at Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, and did his residency in Pediatrics at University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. He was a fellow at Children's Medical Center. Boston, and obtained Board Certification from the American Board of Pediatrics. He Joined Kaiser Permanente Medical Group in 1988 Moss is the founder and director of the West Valley Learning Evaluation Center Located in the Los Angeles area, and is the founder of the Learning Evaluation Center in Austin, Texas. He is on the pediatrics staff of Kaiser Permanente Woodland Hills Medical Center." ]

[ "Mary E. Mann Mary E. Mann, née Rackham, (14 August 1848 – 19 May 1929) was an English writer of novels and short stories, primarily on themes of poverty and rural English life. Mary Rackham was born in Norwich, Norfolk. After her marriage to a farmer, Fairman J. Mann, she moved to Shropham village. Her husband was a churchwarden and parish guardian; she also became involved with the Union Workhouse, and visited the sick and other unfortunates of the parish, her observations and experiences informing her stories. She took up writing in the 1880s with the guidance of an in-law relative, Thomas Fairman Ordish. Her first novel, \"The Parish of Hilby\" (1883) began a career lasting some 35 years during which she produced 40 works that focused on the experiences of Norfolk yeoman farmers during the late 19th century agricultural and economic upheaval. After her husband's death in 1913, she moved to Sheringham, where she died aged 80. Her grave is in Shropham churchyard. Shropham was renamed 'Dulditch' in her novels, reflecting her view of the village as isolated and bleak. Formerly regarded as a novelist belonging to the ‘earthy’ rural genre, her short stories in \"Tales of Victorian Norfolk\" are grim but authentic accounts of poverty and deprivation. Often described by some as Norfolk's Thomas Hardy, Mann was admired by D. H. Lawrence. Novels include \"Mrs Day's Daughters\", and \"The Patten Experiment\" (1899) where a group of well-meaning middle class folk try to live on a labourer's wage for a week. Her work has recently been rediscovered as a major contributor to East Anglian literature, championed among others by A. S. Byatt, who in 1998 included her story \"Little Brother\" in \"The Oxford Book of English Short Stories\". The \"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\" considers her best work to be not her novels but short fiction written in the 1890s such as \"Ben Pitcher's Elly\", \"Dora o' the Ringolets\" and \"The Lost Housen\", arguing them to be the equal of Hardy's but based on a matter-of-fact mood rather than Hardy's \"vengeful determinism\" Some of her novels continue to be republished. In 2005 theatre company Eastern Angles used a collection of her characters and stories to create a new play A Dulditch Angel. It was directed by Orla O'Loughlin and written by Steven Canny. The following is a list of some of Mann's works:" ]

[ "Physical culture Physical culture is a health and strength training movement that originated during the 19th century in Germany, England, and the United States. The physical culture movement in the United States of the 19th century owed its origins to several cultural trends. In the United States, German immigrants after 1848 introduced a physical culture system based on gymnastics that became popular especially in colleges. Many local Turner clubs introduced physical education (PE) in the form of 'German gymnastics' into American colleges and public schools. The perception of Turner as 'non-American' prevented the 'German system' from becoming the dominating form. They were especially important mainly in the cities with a large German-American population, but their influence slowly spread. By the late 19th century reformers worried that sedentary white collar workers were suffering from various \"diseases of affluence\" that were partially attributed to their increasingly sedentary lifestyles. In consequence, numerous exercise systems were developed, typically drawing from a range of traditional folk games, dances and sports, military training and medical calisthenics. Physical culture programs were promoted through the education system, particularly at military academies, as well as via public and private gymnasiums. Industry began the production of various items of exercise-oriented sports equipment. During the early and mid-19th century, these printed works and items of apparatus generally addressed exercise as a form of remedial physical therapy. Certain items of equipment and types of exercise were common to several different physical culture systems, including exercises with Indian clubs, medicine balls, wooden or iron wands and dumbbells. Combat sports such as fencing, boxing, savate and wrestling were also widely practiced in physical culture schools, and were touted as forms of physical culture in their own right. The Muscular Christianity movement of the late 19th century advocated a fusion of energetic Christian activism and rigorous physical culture training. As physical culture became increasingly popular and profitable, there arose intense national and then international competition amongst the founders and/or promoters of various systems. This rivalry became informally known as \"the Battle of the Systems\". Both public gyms and educational institutions tended to take an eclectic approach, whereas private physical culture clubs and organizations often promoted particular exercise systems according to nationalistic loyalties. The German Turnverein promoted a system of what became known as \"heavy gymnastics\", meaning strenuous exercises performed with the use of elaborate equipment such as pommel horses, parallel bars and climbing structures. The Turnverein philosophy combined physical training with intellectual pursuits and with a strong emphasis upon German culture. Numerous events in modern competitive gymnastics originated in, or were popularized by the Turnverein system. The Czech Sokol physical culture movement was largely inspired by the Turnverein. By contrast with the German and Czech systems, the \"Swedish System\" founded by Per Henrik Ling promoted \"light gymnastics\", employing little, if any apparatus and focusing on calisthenics, breathing and stretching exercises as well as massage. At the turn of the 20th century, bodybuilder and showman Eugen Sandow's system, based upon weight lifting, enjoyed considerable international popularity, while Edmond Desbonnet and George Hebert popularized their own systems within France and French-speaking countries. Bernarr Macfadden's system became especially popular within the United States, via the promotion carried out through his publishing empire. A physical culture practice for women, informally known as \"physie\" (pronounced \"fizzy\") developed in Australia in the 19th century and continues to this day. It combines elements of march, rhythmic gymnastics and dance, with a focus on good posture and is aimed at young girls and women, from pre-school age to seniors. The original physie school was the medical gymnasium Bjelke-Petersen Bros, founded in Hobart in 1892 by Hans Christian Bjelke-Petersen. It has been in continuous operation since that time (becoming the Bjelke-Petersen School of Physical Culture Ltd. in 2011). Other leading historical schools include the Edith Parsons School of Physical Culture, founded in Sydney in 1961; and the Burns Association of Physical Culture, founded in Sydney in 1968, both still in operation. Competitions are held between local clubs with an annual championship. Considerable academic research into 19th-century physical culture has been undertaken since the 1980s, and numerous articles, theses and books have been produced addressing the topic from various perspectives. A number of contemporary strength and health training programs are based directly upon, or draw inspiration from various physical culture systems. The historic Hegeler Carus Mansion in LaSalle, Illinois features a basement gymnasium that is believed to be a uniquely preserved example of a late-19th-century turnverein physical culture training facility. Modern collections of antique physical culture apparatus include those of the Joe and Betty Weider Museum of Physical Culture, part of the H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports at the University of Texas at Austin and the Gymuseum collection at the Forteza Fitness and Martial Arts studio in Ravenswood, Chicago." ]

[ "Executive Council of Upper Canada The Executive Council of Upper Canada had a similar function to the Cabinet in England but was not responsible to the Legislative Assembly. Members of the Executive Council were not necessarily members of the Legislative Assembly but were usually members of the Legislative Council. Members were appointed, often for life. The first five members were appointed in July 1792. The Council was dissolved on 10 February 1841 when Upper Canada and Lower Canada were united into the Province of Canada. It was replaced by the Executive Council of the Province of Canada the same year. After the War of 1812, the Executive Council was dominated by members of the Family Compact, an elite clique based in York. Notes:" ]

[ "Randall Mann Randall Mann (born January 21, 1972) is an American poet. Born in Provo, Utah, the only son of Olympic Track and Field medalist Ralph Mann, Mann grew up in Kentucky and Florida, and earned a BA and an MFA from the University of Florida. Since 1998, he has lived in San Francisco. Mann's poems have appeared in numerous periodicals—including The Kenyon Review, The New Republic, The Paris Review, Poetry, and The Washington Post—and he has published four full-length poetry collections. His first collection, \"Complaint in the Garden\", published by Zoo Press in 2004, won the 2003 Kenyon Review Prize in Poetry. Mann's next collection, \"Breakfast with Thom Gunn\", published by the University of Chicago Press in 2009, was praised by the Los Angeles Times: \"craft and bravura mix well\" and \"the clarity startles.\" The book was named a finalist for the California Book Award and the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Poetry. Mann's next two collections were published by Persea Books. \"Straight Razor\", published in 2013, was described by the Los Angeles Times as full of \"breathtaking honesty,\" and was named a best poetry book of the year by the Kansas City Star and a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award. \"Proprietary\", published in 2017, was a finalist for the 2018 Lambda Literary Award and the Northern California Book Award. In a review of \"Proprietary\", Tess Taylor on NPR's All Things Considered said that \"Mann imagines anew what it means to connect or to feel at a loss in the age of the Internet\"; Nathan Blansett in The Kenyon Review wrote that \"\"Proprietary\" shows Mann at his most incisive\"; and Walter Holland, writing in \"Lambda Literary\", wrote \"Mann's work should be admired for its ferocity, its craft, and its unabashedly gay point of view.\" Mann is also the co-author of the textbook \"Writing Poems, Seventh Edition\", published by Pearson Longman in 2007. In 2004, Mann was named to the OUT 100 list by OUT Magazine. He was named a Laureate of the San Francisco Public Library in 2010. In 2013, he received the J. Howard and Barbara M. J. Wood Prize from Poetry Magazine. \"Proprietary\". Persea Books, 2017. . \"Straight Razor\". Persea Books, 2013. . \"Breakfast with Thom Gunn\". University of Chicago Press, 2009. . \"Complaint in the Garden\". Zoo Press, 2004. . \"Writing Poems, Seventh Edition\". With Michelle Boisseau & Robert Wallace. Pearson Longman, 2007. ." ]

[ "Margot Lee Shetterly Margot Lee Shetterly (born 1969) is an American non-fiction writer who has also worked in investment banking and media startups. Her first book, \"Hidden Figures: The Story of the African-American Women Who Helped Win the Space Race\" (2016), is about African-American women mathematicians working at NASA who were instrumental to the success of the United States space program. She sold the movie rights while still working on the book, and it was adapted as a feature film of the same name, \"Hidden Figures\" (2016). For several years Shetterly and her husband lived and worked in Mexico, where they founded and published \"Inside Mexico,\" a magazine directed to English-speaking expats. Margot Lee was born in 1969 in Hampton, Virginia. Her father worked as a research scientist at NASA-Langley Research Center, and her mother was an English professor at the historically black Hampton University. Lee grew up knowing many African-American families with members who worked at NASA. She attended Phoebus High School and graduated from the University of Virginia's McIntire School of Commerce. After college, Lee moved to New York and worked several years in investment banking: first on the Foreign Exchange trading desk at J.P. Morgan, then on Merrill Lynch's Fixed Income Capital Markets desk. She shifted to the media industry, working at a variety of startup ventures, including the HBO-funded website Volume.com. She married writer Aran Shetterly. In 2005, the Shetterlys moved to Mexico to found an English-language magazine called \"Inside Mexico.\" Directed to the numerous English-speaking expats in the country, it operated until 2009. From 2010 through 2013, the couple worked as content marketing and editorial consultants to the Mexican tourism industry. Shetterly began researching and writing \"Hidden Figures\" in 2010. In 2014, she sold the film rights to the book to William Morrow, an imprint of HarperCollins, and it was optioned by Donna Gigliotti of Levantine Films. The Fox 2000 feature film was released in 2016, and stars Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer, Janelle Monáe, and Kevin Costner. In 2013, Shetterly founded The Human Computer Project, an organization whose mission is to archive the work of all of the women who worked as computers and mathematicians in the early days of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In 2018, Shetterly published the picture book, \"Hidden Figures: The True Story of Four Black Women and the Space Race\", which is geared towards children four to eight years old. The book was illustrated by Laura Freeman. Shetterly received a 2014 Book Grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for her book \"Hidden Figures.\" This first nonfiction work went on to win the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award. Shetterly has received two grants from the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities for her work on The Human Computer Project. She also won the 2017 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work, Nonfiction. On May 12, 2018, Shetterly was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Worcester Polytechnic Institute at its 150th Commencement exercises." ]

[ "St. Cecilia High School (New Jersey) St. Cecilia High School was a Catholic high school in Englewood, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, that operated under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark until it closed in 1986. St. Cecilia's Roman Catholic Church was established in 1866 and saw substantial growth in the number of students served by its parochial school, necessitating an expansion that would be able to double the number of students that the school could serve. A building designed to accommodate 600 students was designed, with a cornerstone ceremony held in May 1901 and a formal dedication in January 1902. \"The Book of Englewood\", a history published by the city in 1922, describes the building as \"an imposing edifice of red and gray sandstone.\" In 1939, two years after his graduation from Fordham University, Vince Lombardi began his football coaching career at St. Cecilia; he worked there for several years before leaving to take a junior coaching staff position at Fordham, his alma mater. At the school, Lombardi taught algebra, chemistry, physics and Latin; in addition to coaching the school's baseball and basketball squads, he coached the football team to six state titles and a streak of 36 consecutive victories. A 12–0 victory against the Brooklyn Prep team led by quarterback Joe Paterno earned the 1943 football team coached by Vince Lombardi recognition as the high school national championship. The girls' basketball team won the New Jersey Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA) Group B state championship in 1945, defeating Trenton Catholic High School in the tournament final. The baseball team won the Non-Public B state championship in 1975, defeating Bishop Eustace Preparatory School in the final round of the tournament." ]

[ "Utin (castle) Utin (in Latin letters VTIN - also \"Uthine\") was the name of a Wendish castle that was built in the 9th century on Pheasant Island in the lake known as the Großer Eutiner See in what is now the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It was the centre of the eponymous Wendish \"Gau\". The castle was linked to the shore via a bridge next to which a settlement, also called Utin, grew up. The castle was destroyed by the Holcetae tribe when they conquered Wagria in 1138/39. The site of the settlement - which was the origin of the present-day town of Eutin - on the shore of the Großer Eutiner See, survived and retained the name \"Utin\" (also e.g. \"Uthine\") which over the course of time became \"Eutin\". The four letters \"VTIN\" became part of the coat of arms of the town of Eutin. The place name \"Utin\" is derived from the personal name \"Uta\" (or \"Uto\") - embellished by the suffix \"-in\" - and means \"Uta's settlement\"." ]

[ "Leanne Clare Leanne Clare is a Judge of the District Court of Queensland and a former Queensland Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP). On 2 April 2008 she was appointed to the District Court after eight years as DPP. Between 1999 and 2000 she served as an acting judge at Ipswich District Court. Clare studied at the Queensland University of Technology, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws in 1984. Clare was admitted to the Bar in 1985. She spent 14 years working with the Queensland Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP), and during that period she served as an acting District Court judge on two occasions. In June, 2000, she was appointed as the new DPP, and in so doing became the first woman to hold the role in Queensland. In 2006, while serving as DPP, Clare was appointed Senior Counsel. Clare's time as DPP resulted in significant changes to the shape of the Office, including providing a \"mentoring system and pathway for young prosecutors\". Some of her decisions as Director of Public Prosecutions were described as controversial, such as the decision to prosecute Pauline Hanson for electoral funds fraud and the decision not to prosecute a police officer over a death in custody on Palm Island (even though a Crime and Misconduct Commission misconduct investigation reached the same conclusion in relation to the officer not being criminally responsible for causing the death. ), although upon her departure from the position it was also noted that she had led \"successful prosecutions of some of the highest profile cases ever in the state\". At the District Court swearing in ceremony, the Chief Judge Patsy Wolfe stated that Clare had filled her previous role as DPP in a \"wise and fearless\" manner. She further expressed confidence in Clare's appointment to the bench. Queensland Attorney-General Kerry Shine said that she had \"...acted with integrity and had been fiercely independent in a very difficult role.\"" ]

[ "The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power is a 2015 direct-to-video sword and sorcery film. It was released on Netflix on January 6, 2015. It is the fourth installment in \"The Scorpion King\" series and stars Victor Webster in the title role with supporting roles by Ellen Hollman, Lou Ferrigno, Rutger Hauer, Royce Gracie, Eve Torres, and Ian Whyte. This film continues the story of Mathayus, after the events in \"\". Mathayus and his partner Drazen (who is under the Akkadian's tutelage) infiltrate the palace of Skizurra to find and acquire an artifact known as the Urn of Kings for King Zakkour of Al-Moraad. In the process, they are discovered and a short fight ensues, revealing Drazen to be a traitor who was really after the Urn. Mathayus returns to Zakkour, who tells him that the Urn's inscription will show the way to use the powers of Lord Alcaman, a powerful sorcerer who once controlled the entire known world. Under the instructions of the King, Mathayus follows Drazen to the kingdom of Norvania in the Northern Forests to deliver a peace treaty. Drazen gives the Urn to his father King Yannick who shatters it to retrieve the Golden Key of Lord Alcaman, which has the true inscription written on it. Mathayus arrives in Norvania and is accosted by the king's guards. The soldiers are unable to best Mathayus, who allows himself to be arrested so he can enter the King's castle. In jail, Mathayus meets another inmate, Valina Raskov, who convinces Mathayus to pay her to meet the king. She explains that she is a member of the original royal bloodline and Drazen wishes to cement his father's rise to power with her public execution. Drazen appears with guards and takes Mathayus to be tortured, suspecting his peace treaty is a pretense. However, King Yannick believes Mathayus, releases him, and invites him to a dinner banquet. Drazen assassinates his father with black scorpions and blames it on Mathayus. Before dying, Yannick gives the Key to Mathayus, who resists capture and flees with Valina, who has feigned an illness to escape her cell, uses the ensuing chaos to leave the castle. In the process, Mathayus suffers an arrow wound to the shoulder (as he did when fighting King Memnon). The pair go to Valina's father, Sorrell Raskov, an eccentric scholar and inventor who is unwilling to retake his place as ruler. Sorrell is able to read the inscription on the key, which says they must find a hidden palace in Glenrrossovia in order to find Alcaman's crown, which will let them rule the world. Drazen arrives, takes the key, sets the house on fire, and leaves them to die. The heroes escape and go to Glenrrossovia, where Drazen is terrorizing the villagers to find the palace. After enlisting a local boy to steal the key, they take it to the Temple of the Goddess, presided over by High Priestess Feminina. They discover the Key inserts into a symbolic hole in a Goddess statue, located in the Temple's underground sanctuary. The sanctuary is pushed through the earth, revealing stained glass that reveals the next direction of the journey. Valina finds her friend Roland from the dungeon, and he joins their party. They ask Gorak for a map of the Tugarin Forest in which Alcaman's palace is hidden in a mountain and guarded by a dragon. He gives it to them after Valina beats Chancara in a fight. On their way through the forest, they are captured by a pygmy tribe which has one giant member named Daun. Duan's brother Onus is the chief, who attempts to sacrifice them to the spider-like \"creatures of the forest.\" But Mathayus' bellow causes the creatures to retreat, and the tribe to embrace them. Despite warnings of the beast, the heroes proceed towards the mountain, where they find the dragon is really a mechanical contraption. Finally, they arrive at Alcaman's palace and open the hidden door into the mountain. Roland proves to be a traitor working for Drazen, whose men surround and fill the throne room of Alcaman. Mathayus and Valina fight the attackers, but Sorrell receives a mortal wound from Drazen. Armed with Sorrell's notes, Mathayus proceeds deeper into Alcaman's palace, rigged with traps that kill those with Drazen and finds the Crown of Alcaman believing its power to be the only hope of healing Sorrell. Putting it on, he is covered in fire, but does not burn. As he prepares to return to his comrades, Drazen overpowers him and takes the Crown. Drazen is judged unworthy and the Crown freezes him to death. Mathayus shatters Drazen's frozen body and uses the crown to revive Sorrell, who finally believes in magic. The group leaves the mountain and seals the door with the Key and Crown inside, telling the remainder of Drazen's men that the power of Lord Alcaman was just a myth. Sorrell is crowned King once more, but gives his crown to Valina, who promises to build a kingdom based on \"science and mathematics, truth and reason, and just a little bit of magic\". During the credits, Mathayus is relieved from his service to King Zakkour who allowed him to stay with Queen Valina in her service.", "During the credits, Mathayus is relieved from his service to King Zakkour who allowed him to stay with Queen Valina in her service. Valina and Mathayus share a kiss as Gorak and Chancara are also present at the dinner. A fifth film, titled \"The Scorpion King: Book of Souls\", was released in 2018. Zach McGowan replaced Victor Webster as Mathayus. The film featured an all-new cast including Pearl Thusi, Katy Saunders, Nathan Jones and Peter Mensah. The film was directed by Don Michael Paul." ]

[ "Fender Jeff Beck Stratocaster The Jeff Beck Stratocaster is an electric solid body guitar made by Fender Musical Instruments for British rock guitarist Jeff Beck. This \"Artist Signature\" guitar was introduced in 1991 and upgraded ten years later. The Custom Shop version has been introduced in 2004, available in Olympic White and Surf Green finishes. The Jeff Beck model features an alder body finished in polyurethane or \"Thinskin\" nitrocellulose lacquer, a thinner C-shape maple neck with rosewood fingerboard, 22 medium-jumbo frets, LSR Roller Nut, Schaller locking machine heads (Sperzel TrimLok staggered on the \"Custom Artist\" version), an American two-point synchronized vibrato and a contoured heel for easier access to the higher registers. For electronics, this guitar sports a trio of dual-coil Ceramic Hot Noiseless pickups and five-way pickup switching. Other refinements include aged plastic parts, three-ply parchment pickguard and chrome hardware. Guitars produced before 2001 were based on the Plus Series models of 1987, featuring a deep 1950s U-shape maple neck, three-ply white pickguard, Gold Lace Sensor pickups in a humbucking/single-coil/single-coil configuration (two Lace Sensor single-coils in the neck and middle positions and a humbucking Lace Sensor Dually in the bridge), a TBX tone circuit affecting the middle and bridge pickups and a mini coil-split push-push button for the bridge-position humbucking pickup. These early 1990s Jeff Beck Stratocasters were finished in Surf Green, Vintage White, and Midnight Purple." ]

[ "Little Village Little Village was an American/British rock band, formed in 1991 by Ry Cooder (guitar, vocal), John Hiatt (guitar, piano, vocal), Nick Lowe (bass, vocal) and Jim Keltner (drums). Each of the group's members had previously worked on Hiatt's 1987 album \"Bring The Family\", and formed in 1991 while on a break from their own musical projects. The group's name was initially (and jokingly) announced as Hiatus. It was soon changed to Little Village, in reference to the foul-mouthed in-studio diatribe by Sonny Boy Williamson II, on a Chess reissue album titled \"Bummer Road\". The group released its only album, \"Little Village\", in early 1992. The songs were composed by all four group members and mainly sung by Hiatt, although Lowe took lead on two songs and Cooder one. While the album was met with general commercial indifference, it was nominated in 1993 for a Grammy Award as \"Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or a Group\". The album peaked at #23 in the UK Albums Chart. Nick Lowe later said, \"Little Village was really good fun. Unfortunately, the record we did was no good. I suppose on some level, it worked, but Warner Brothers kind of gave us too much time to do it.\" Little Village toured the U.S. and Europe in 1992 to support the album, but the group disbanded later that year." ]

[ "Mary Foley-Berkeley, 17th Baroness Berkeley Mary Lalle Foley-Berkeley, 17th Baroness Berkeley (9 October 1905 – 17 October 1992) was a British politician and peeress. She was born in Chertsey, Surrey, United Kingdom on 9 October 1905. Daughter of Lt-Col. Frank Wigram Foley and Eva Mary FitzHardinge Milman, 16th Baroness Berkeley. Born as Mary Lalle Foley, she changed her name legally to Hon. Mary Lalle Foley-Berkeley in 1951. She was an active member of the House of Lords and participated in several debates from 1970 to 1977. She succeeded to the title of 17th Baroness Berkeley on 5 April 1967 when the abeyance of the barony was terminated in her favour. She died unmarried at the age of 87, after which her title passed to her nephew Anthony Gueterbock." ]

[ "Francys Johnson Francys Johnson is an American civil rights attorney, pastor and educator. He is in private practice as an attorney in Statesboro, Georgia. He has lectured on constitutional and criminal law, civil rights and race and politics at Savannah State University and Georgia Southern University. Long active in the NAACP in Georgia, in 2006 he was appointed as Southeast Region Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). After the national organization restructured and closed the regional offices, he served as Executive Director of the Georgia State Conference of the NAACP. On October 5, 2013, he was described as the civil rights organization's youngest President at the 71st Civil Rights Convention in Columbus, Georgia. Johnson is the Convener of Moral Monday Georgia Movement, a multi-issue, multiracial, nonpartisan coalition of organizations aimed at restoring positive morality to public discourse, policy, and politics. Johnson was born in Sylvania, Georgia, where he attended public schools. Johnson earned an undergraduate degree at Georgia Southern University and a law degree from the University of Georgia. He was elected to the Pi Sigma Alpha Political Science Honor Society. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Johnson served on the faculty of Savannah State University and Georgia Southern University. Professor Johnson has lectured on American Government, Race and the Law, Constitutional and Criminal law. In March 2005, he chaired a roundtable discussion at the National Council for Black Studies annual conference. Educators from Dillard University, the Algebra Project, and the University of New Orleans discussed \"Quality Education as Civil Rights.\" Johnson is in private practice with The Johnson Firm P.C. Attorneys and Counselors of Law in Statesboro, Georgia. He practices criminal and civil law in all State and Federal Courts in Georgia. Johnson first became active in the NAACP with community organization activities in Bulloch County, Georgia. He later served as Legal Redress Director for the Georgia State Conference of the NAACP. During his tenure, the Georgia State Conference NAACP fought successfully in alliance with the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) during the 2006 midterm elections to gain a federal court injunction that prevented voter identification legislation from being implemented. The legislation would have required voters without a driver's license to pay to get a new digital picture identification card. Prior to the legislation, 17 types of identification, such as copies of utility bills and other documents without picture identification, were acceptable. Opponents of the legislation argued that it was a violation of the Voting Rights Act and expressed concern that it might have the effect of reducing minority voter participation. Proponents of the legislation argued that the legislation was an attempt to reduce voter fraud. In the 2004 election, as many as 150,000 Georgians used alternative identification to vote. In 2006, Johnson was appointed as the NAACP Southeast Region Director, a region representing over 60% of the membership of the organization. As regional director, Johnson worked to strengthen the NAACP's legal and political influence in the deep South through the establishment of \"Citizen Review Boards\". The boards were intended to address incidents of alleged police brutality in Georgia, Tennessee and Florida, to monitor the application of desegregation orders in Georgia, Florida, Mississippi and Alabama, and to mobilize local and regional support for affirmative action. On behalf of the NAACP Southeast Region, Johnson opposed a bill to establish April as Confederate History and Heritage Month, arguing that the state had never apologized for slavery. The bill passed, in committee, with a unanimous vote. In his opposition to the bill, Johnson stated, \"You can't honor the past and not take responsibility for it.\" Johnson also lobbied to reform Georgia's criminal code, so that its application did not produce racial disparities. One such effort helped overturn the aggravated child molestation conviction of Genarlow Wilson. Genarlow Wilson was 17 years old when he had a sexual encounter with a 15-year-old female. Wilson was convicted of felony aggravated child molestation. He spent two years behind bars before Georgia changed its law regarding teenage sex. Wilson was initially ordered released. However, the order was stayed after a challenge from the state attorney general. Numerous civil rights groups argued for Wilson's release. Johnson, on behalf of the NAACP said: \"[We are] convinced that justice has taken a summer vacation in Georgia.\". Ultimately, the Georgia Supreme Court ordered Generlow Wilson released. After the President and CEO Bruce S. Gordon resigned, the NAACP announced on June 1, 2007 it would restructure, closing the regional offices to emphasize roles of the state conferences. Johnson was appointed as Executive Director of the Georgia State Conference. On October 5, 2013, at the 71st annual NAACP Georgia State Convention and Civil Rights Conference in Columbus, Johnson was designated as the organization's next president. He becomes the group's first new president in eight years and the youngest in its history. Johnson succeeded outgoing state President Edward Dubose. \"Folks sometimes are confused about the NAACP; they think the NAACP deals only in black and white issues. That is certainly not the case. We deal in red, white and blue issues - American issues\" Johnson said. \"Our real work is to make sure that the Constitution and laws of these United States are equitably applied to every citizen - to make real the promise of America's democracy.", "\"Our real work is to make sure that the Constitution and laws of these United States are equitably applied to every citizen - to make real the promise of America's democracy. The issues that I'm focused on are issues that all Georgians should be concerned about.\" In a news release issued by the NAACP, Leon Russell, the vice chairman of the organization's Board of Directors, said: \"You can't look at young folks and say you're going to be the leaders of the future. You have to give them the opportunity to lead now, and that's what the NAACP believes. (Johnson) walks in the footsteps of the greats, including Savannah's Ralph Mark Gilbert and W.W. Law; Macon's Julius Caesar Hope; and Madison's Walter Curtis Butler. As a scholar, a practitioner of law, and a dynamic young leader, I am confident that the bar of excellence will be raised and more young professionals will be attracted to the work of the NAACP.\" As President, Johnson worked across partisan lines on criminal justice reform including sentencing, probation and parole, and banning the box in state employment. At the same time, he sparred with Republican Nathan Deal over a lack of diversity in judicial picks for Georgia's courts and the State's failure to expand medicaid. He was leading critic of Georgia's failed charter school amendment to the State Constitution that many believed would have turned public schools over to for-profit corporations. He co-convened Georgia's Moral Monday Movement, a group launched after William Barber's state-based movement in North Carolina, with Tim Franzen, American Friends Service Committee, State Senator Vincent Fort and Rev. Dr. Raphael Warnock, Senior Pastor of Ebeneezer Baptist Church. The group launched teach-ins, public demonstrations and led more than 72 clergy and other citizens in acts of civil disobedience to dramatize a swath of what many believed was a right-winged ALEC inspired agenda that included the state's failure to expand medicaid, draconian drug laws, discriminatory stances toward the GBLTQ community and \"Stand Your Ground\" legislation. Johnson stepped down from his post on July 23, 2017 and was immediately rumored as a possible challenger to Congressman Rick Allen (R-Augusta) in the 2018 midterms. During Johnson's tenure the Georgia NAACP filed 10 federal and state lawsuits addressing redistricting and voting rights. Johnson is credited with restoring the voting rights litigation prowess of NAACP in Georgia while attracting younger professionals and bridging the gaps in Georgia between millennial activists groups such as Black Lives Matter. \"Francys Johnson lent his talent, time and treasure to the Association at a critical time. I don't think we've seen the last of his leadership,\" said Derrick Johnson, newly appointed interim president and CEO. \"He was as comfortable leading the powerful demonstrations across Georgia in response to police-involved deaths of citizens and the Atlanta March for Women and Social Justice, the largest protest march in Georgia history at 63,000 protesters, as he was giving an argument in court or sermon in the pulpit,\" said the Rev. Raphael Warnock of Ebenezer Baptist Church. \"That takes a rare combination of talents.\" Johnson became an ordained minister in the Baptist Church in the late 1990s. He is the ninth pastor of Mount Moriah Baptist Church in Pembroke, Georgia and the Magnolia Missionary Baptist Church of Statesboro, Georgia. Before becoming director of the Southeast Region of the NAACP, he had been named an \"Emerging Leader\" by the National Religious Leadership Summit. Johnson married Meca Renee Williams, Ph.D. They have three sons together, Thurgood Joshua Johnson, Langston Hughes Elijah Johnson, and Frederick Douglass Caleb Johnson. Johnson was inducted into the John F. Nolen, Jr. Hall of Leaders for Excellence in Service & Leadership at Georgia Southern University. Johnson was employed by the American Heart and Stroke Association as the vice president of Cultural Health Initiatives. While there, Johnson worked to develop strategies to overcome racial, ethnic and gender health disparities and to strengthen diversity within the organization's operations. Johnson has lectured and written on the subject of race, measuring equity, and understanding the power of public policy. He has served on the Political Science and Criminal Justice faculties at Georgia Southern University and Savannah State University." ]

[ "1947 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final The 1947 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the sixteenth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1947 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Antrim led by 2-2 to 2-0 at half-time and had a three-point lead in the last minute when Kathleen Cody sent in a shot at goal that would have equalised the game. The Antrim 'keeper dug the ball out of a mucky goalmouth and the referee and umpires judged that the sliotar did not cross the line, which was enough to give Antrim their three-in-a-row." ]

[ "Rougarou (roller coaster) Rougarou, formerly known as Mantis, is a floorless roller coaster located at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio. Designed and built by Bolliger & Mabillard, the roller coaster originally opened in 1996 as a stand-up roller coaster called Mantis, which at the time was the tallest, fastest, and longest of its kind in the world. Cedar Point had planned to name the ride Banshee, but due to negative publicity following the announcement, the name was later changed to Mantis. In September 2014, Cedar Point announced the pending closure of Mantis scheduled the following month. The park later revealed that Mantis wouldn't be removed but would be transformed into a floorless roller coaster design for the 2015 season. It reopened as Rougarou on May 9, 2015. On September 8, 1995, Cedar Point announced plans to build a new roller coaster, which would open as the tallest, fastest, and longest stand-up roller coaster in the world. The ride was to be named Banshee after the mythical wailing ghost in Irish folklore. In the days following the announcement, there was some negative reaction from the public regarding the term Banshee, which in the dictionary is described as a female spirit that warns of an impending family death. On November 14, 1995, Cedar Fair Entertainment Company filed a trademark for the name \"Mantis\", which later became the ride's official name. As a result of the name change, its logo was also changed to resemble a mantis. The discarded name would later be reused for an inverted roller coaster that opened at Kings Island in 2014. Construction on the new roller coaster began in the off season and was completed on January 9, 1996. More than 20% of the track was built over water. Cedar Point held a \"Media Day\" for Mantis on May 9, 1996, and the ride officially opened to the public on May 11, 1996. On September 2, 2014, after weeks of leaking clues that a major announcement was forthcoming, Cedar Point released a statement that Mantis would close on October 19, 2014. According to the park, the roller coaster had given over 22 million rides since its debut. However, Cedar Point revealed on September 18, 2014, that Mantis wouldn't be removed, but instead would be converted into a floorless roller coaster complete with new trains, new colors, and a new theme. It reopened as Rougarou, the name of a legendary creature in French folklore that draws comparisons to the mythical werewolf, on May 9, 2015. The ride starts when the train makes its way up the chain lift hill. Once the train reaches the top, a small \"pre-drop\" (as described by manufacturer Bolliger and Mabillard) is followed by a 180 degree right turn, leading into the first drop. Riders then drop at a 52 degree angle, reaching a top speed of . Coming out of the first drop, the train travels into the first inversion, a vertical loop. Next, the train rises into a dive loop. Following this, the train enters a non-inverting, highly banked 360 degree turn that is located over the station. Following the 360 degree turn, riders enter an inclined loop - a standard loop tilted at a 45 degree angle. From here, the ride makes an up-hand right turn into the mid-course brake run. At this point, the track drops into a Corkscrew, and finish off with a figure-eight turn. The train then enters the final brake run, and heads back into the station. As Mantis, the ride operated with two steel and fiberglass trains. Each train had eight cars with four seats in a single row supporting a total capacity of 32 riders. Mantis originally operated with three trains but the park later reduced operation to two trains due to the trains \"stacking\" on the brake run. Riders were secured by an over-the-shoulder harness. Although Mantis was a stand-up roller coaster, there was a small bicycle seat riders could lean on. For its transition to Rougarou, the ride received three new floorless trains which allows riders' legs to dangle freely above the track, as there is no floor between rows. Each has the same 32-rider configuration as the previous trains on Mantis. Riders are also secured by an over-the-shoulder harness with an interlocking seatbelt. Mantis set several records among stand-up roller coasters when it opened in 1996. It set the world record for height at , speed at , and length at . It was also the first stand-up roller coaster to feature a dive loop and an inclined loop." ]

[ "Johnny Mathis discography Johnny Mathis has recorded 73 studio albums, 18 of which achieved sales of 500,000 units and were awarded Gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America. Five of his greatest hits albums also accomplished this, and of these 18 Gold albums, six eventually went Platinum by reaching sales of one million copies. In 1999, sales figures totaled five million for his first holiday LP, \"Merry Christmas\", and three million for \"Johnny's Greatest Hits\", a 1958 collection that has been described as the \"original greatest-hits package\" and once held the record for most weeks on \"Billboard\" magazine's album chart with a total of 490 (three of which were spent at number one). His second longest album chart run was the 295 weeks belonging to his Platinum 1959 album \"Heavenly\", which gave him five weeks in the top spot. In a ranking of the top album artists of the last half of the 1950s in terms of \"Billboard\" chart performance, he comes in at number two, for the 1960s, number 10, and for the period from 1955 to 2009 he is at number six. The recurring appearance of Mathis holiday releases on the various album charts in \"Billboard\" began with 1958's \"Merry Christmas\", which peaked at number three during the four weeks it spent that holiday season on the magazine's biggest album chart (now known as the \"Billboard\" 200) and returned to place at various positions within the top 40 slots there for the next four years. When the magazine first had a separate chart for Christmas albums from 1963 to 1973, \"Merry Christmas\" ranked somewhere in the top 10 on it for another seven years, and on the Top Pop Catalog chart that was created for older titles, it had eight return appearances during the 1990s. His \"Sounds of Christmas\" LP spent two weeks at number two on the Christmas Albums chart upon its 1963 release and re-charted for the next five years, and 1969's \"Give Me Your Love for Christmas\" reached number one there during its first of several annual chart showings before achieving Platinum certification. Other notable holiday projects include \"Home for Christmas\", a 1990 home video special that went platinum, and \"Sending You a Little Christmas\", a 2013 release that earned him a Grammy nomination in the category of Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album. Mathis also recorded 43 songs that reached \"Billboard\" magazine's Hot 100 chart in the United States and another nine that \"bubbled under\" the Hot 100. Six of these 52 recordings made the top 10, including 1957's \"Chances Are\" and the 1978 Deniece Williams duet, \"Too Much, Too Little, Too Late\", which each spent a week at number one, and 32 of them are also on the list of 50 entries that Mathis had on the magazine's Easy Listening chart, which was started in 1961. 19 of those 50 songs made the top 10 on that list, and two of them (\"I'm Coming Home\" and \"Too Much, Too Little, Too Late\") went on to number one. The Williams duet also spent four weeks at number one on the magazine's R&B chart and was certified Gold after selling one million copies. In the UK Mathis spent three weeks at number one on the singles chart in 1976 with \"When a Child Is Born\" and had two compilations reached the top spot on the albums chart: 1977's \"The Mathis Collection\" and 1980's \"Tears and Laughter\". \"Too Much, Too Little, Too Late\" and \"When a Child Is Born\" both achieved Silver certification for singles by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of 250,000 units in the UK, and the latter eventually reached the 500,000 mark to earn Gold certification. 16 of his LPs met the 60,000 album sales mark in the UK to be certified Silver, with eight of those going on to sell 100,000 copies for Gold certification and one of those eight (\"The Johnny Mathis Collection\", 1976) making it to the 300,000 total necessary for the Platinum award. Mathis's self-titled 1956 debut album was produced by George Avakian, who was then the head of the Popular department at Columbia Records and signed Mathis to the label after seeing him perform in San Francisco. For the liner notes on the back cover of the album he wrote, \"Johnny's singing is thoroughly jazz-oriented, so naturally arrangers were chosen who had a thorough command of the jazz idiom, as well as the ability to write imaginatively for a pop vocalist.\" Although the album received good reviews from jazz critics, it did not make any chart appearances in \"Billboard\" magazine. The young performer's presence at Columbia then gained the attention of another executive, the chief of the popular music division, Mitch Miller, who presented Mathis with a stack of demonstration recordings and sheet music when they met so that the singer could choose what he wanted to record. The resulting session on September 21, 1956, produced his first two pop chart entries, \"Wonderful! Wonderful! \", which peaked at number 14, and \"It's Not For Me To Say\", which got as high as number five.", "\", which peaked at number 14, and \"It's Not For Me To Say\", which got as high as number five. Avakian helmed a second LP, \"Wonderful Wonderful\", in March 1957, and another session with Miller on June 16 of that year produced his next two hits: the number one recording \"Chances Are\" and its flip side, \"The Twelfth of Never\", which made it to number nine. Both the sophomore effort and the double-sided single made their respective album and pop chart debuts in September of that year, with the \"Wonderful Wonderful\" album reaching number four without having the song that it was named for or any of his past or present hits included on it. Despite the fact that Mathis did not have another song make the top 10 on the pop chart until 1962, his next 11 LPs, including \"Johnny's Greatest Hits\", \"Merry Christmas\", and \"Heavenly\", all reached the top 10 on the album chart, and several of them were awarded certification for their healthy sales figures. The number of weeks these albums were able to maintain a chart position is especially impressive when considering the fact that \"Billboard\" only ranked anywhere between 15 and 50 LPs until 1961 when their chart for mono albums expanded to 150 positions. \"Heavenly\"'s 1960 follow-up \"Faithfully\" lasted 75 weeks and was followed by \"Johnny's Mood\", which entered the chart in the issue dated August 29, 1960, and remained there for 65 weeks. His next release was his last in the string of top-tens, \"The Rhythms and Ballads of Broadway\", a double album that debuted just five weeks later in the issue dated October 3 and made it as high as number six but only charted for 27 weeks, dropping off the list 33 weeks before its predecessor did. After that he returned to single LPs with \"I'll Buy You a Star\", which had its first chart appearance in the May 15, 1961, issue on the newly expanded list but only got as high as number 38 during its 23 weeks there. The rest of his album output during this first era at Columbia fell short of the performance in terms of sales, peak chart positions, and number of weeks charted that the earlier records achieved. When Mercury Records invited him to join their label in 1963, they offered him what he described as \"an awful lot of money\" in addition to total control over his recording activities and ownership of the recording masters. He said, \"I was the product of a very strong, determined woman named Helen Noga who did all my business transactions. She was the one who was adamant about me getting more money for my work. I had no idea that I was going to go to Mercury until it really happened.\" Since the new surroundings came with the option to produce his own albums, he took advantage of the opportunity to expand his duties, starting with his first release of 1964, \"Tender Is the Night\", and continuing on through several LPs. \"But I wasn't a producer,\" he admitted, \" and I didn't really realize until then how important producers were and how much they assisted me in my work.\" While his first three projects as producer all made the top half of the album chart, his 1964 album of Latin American recordings, \"Olé\", did not appear there at all. In the fall of 1964 he recorded what he thought would be his next release, a collection of songs that came to be known as \"Broadway\" because of their inclusion in musicals, but it was shelved by Mercury and not available until 2012, when most of the masters he owned from this period were issued on compact disc for the first time. In his review for AllMusic, Al Campbell writes, \"At the time, Mercury felt the album was too upbeat and not the type of romantic material Mathis had been so successful with during his previous tenure with Columbia.\" For his next three projects, \"Love Is Everything\", \"The Sweetheart Tree\", and \"The Shadow of Your Smile\", the role of producer was filled by someone else. The album jacket for \"Love Is Everything\" supplied a credit reading, \"Produced by Global Records, Inc.,\" which was his production company, but in the liner notes for \"The Complete Global Albums Collection\", the album's credits list Al Ham as the producer. Norman Newell is acknowledged in the box set as the one taking on those duties for \"The Sweetheart Tree\", and for \"The Shadow of Your Smile\" the credit goes to Don Rieber. Mathis produced the two final albums in his contract and was ready for a change. In the liner notes for the compact disc release of those two albums, \"So Nice\" and \"Johnny Mathis Sings\", he is quoted as saying, \"'The only time I was not secure in what I was doing was during the three years I was with Mercury.'\" Having started out with the clear guidance he received in the early years that he recorded made the absence of it at Mercury unpleasant. \"'It just didn't work as well as it did at Columbia.'\"", "\"'It just didn't work as well as it did at Columbia.'\" Steve Ritz describes how the music industry had changed by the time Mathis returned to Columbia in the late 60s: \"Pop singers, if they were to continue to be viable, were expected to record what became known in the industry as 'cover' albums, collections whereby a certain artist would 'cover' -- or record his/her own version of -- recent tunes that had been successful for other performers.\" His first album upon returning was named after the biggest hit song that he was covering on it, \"Up, Up and Away\", which The 5th Dimension took to number seven on the pop chart just months earlier. Several more cover albums named after other people's hit songs made the album charts throughout the 1970s, his most successful one being \"You Light Up My Life\" from 1978, which had the original hit song \"Too Much, Too Little, Too Late\" to help it reach number nine on the album chart and Platinum certification. He tried more duets and new songs on subsequent releases but was unable to re-create this sort of magic with the lightweight pop he was used to offering. Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards were the production team behind their own band Chic's number ones \"Le Freak\" and \"Good Times as well as the Sister Sledge hits \"He's the Greatest Dancer\" and \"We Are Family\". In February 1981 Mathis entered the studio to record songs that the duo had written and were producing as his next album, which was given the same name as one of the tracks, \"I Love My Lady\". The project was completed, but \"nobody said anything over at Columbia, and a best-of album [\"The First 25 Years – The Silver Anniversary Album\"] came out instead.\" When asked in a 2011 radio interview as to why the album had never been released, Mathis gave a brief chuckle as he replied, \"Probably because the record company is almighty when you're making music to sell. They have their likes and dislikes...I guess because they didn't think it would sell.\" The singer pressed on through the early 1980s with more albums of new material that had unimpressive sales, as was the case with \"Right from the Heart\", which became only his third out of 55 studio releases that did not make one of the album charts in \"Billboard\". In 1983 Linda Ronstadt took a break from recording contemporary music in order to make an album of standards with conductor Nelson Riddle, and their collaboration, \"What's New\" went triple Platinum. Barbra Streisand's 1985 release \"The Broadway Album\" reached number one and went on to quadruple Platinum certification, so a renewed interest in what came to be known as traditional pop was evident. Mathis had not tried a studio album without current hits or new songs since the ill-fated \"Broadway\" project in 1965, so his choice to collaborate with Henry Mancini in 1986 for \"The Hollywood Musicals\", which had a lineup of classics that were mostly from the 1940s, was quite a change of pace. And while he has done some albums of contemporary pop songs since then, the category in which he has received four Grammy nominations since 1992 has been Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album, and the industry has recognized his past work as well. Three of his recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame (\"Chances Are\" in 1998, \"Misty\" in 2002, and \"It's Not for Me to Say\" in 2008), and in 2003 he was given the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Many of the albums that Mathis recorded were originally available in the vinyl LP, 8-track tape, Reel-to-reel, and audio cassette formats but were later reissued on compact disc. With close to 80 minutes of space available on each disc, it was possible to combine two albums on one CD, and several Mathis albums have been paired up and reissued in this format, as shown in the collapsed table below: Duet partners:<br>* Deniece Williams<br>** Jane Olivor<br>*** Stephanie Lawrence<br>**** Paulette<br># Gladys Knight<br>## Dionne Warwick<br>### Regina Belle \"Joel Whitburn's Top R&B Albums, 1965-1998\" lists \"Those Were the Days\" as having peaked on the Best Selling Rhythm & Blues LP's chart at number two for two weeks out of the four that it spent there. The four corresponding weekly issues of \"Billboard\", which is their source for this information, however, indicate that it only made it to number 48." ]

[ "Błękitni Kielce Blekitni Kielce is a defunct Polish sports club, established in 1945 in Kielce. In 1949, it became supported by Kielce's office of communist police (\"milicja\"), its official name was changed into \"Guards Sports Club Blekitni Kielce\" and hues were red-white-blue, like in other sports clubs affiliated with \"milicja\". Enjoying support of both \"milicja\" and Urząd Bezpieczeństwa, Blekitni became the major sports organization in the area of Kielce, however, it never managed to win promotion to the Polish First Division. Blekitni's football team played last games in the Third League in the season 1998/1999, then it was merged with local rival, Korona Kielce." ]

[ "Madeline Montalban Madeline Montalban (born Madeline Sylvia Royals; 8 January 1910 – 11 January 1982) was an English astrologer and ceremonial magician. She co-founded the esoteric organisation known as the Order of the Morning Star (OMS), through which she propagated her own form of Luciferianism. Born in Blackpool, Lancashire, Montalban moved to London in the early 1930s, immersing herself in the city's esoteric subculture, and influenced by Hermeticism she taught herself ceremonial magic. She associated with significant occultists, including Thelemites like Aleister Crowley and Kenneth Grant, and Wiccans like Gerald Gardner and Alex Sanders. From 1933 to 1953 she published articles on astrology and other esoteric topics in the magazine \"London Life\", and from then until her death in the nationally syndicated magazine \"Prediction\". These were accompanied by several booklets on astrology, released using a variety of different pseudonyms, including Dolores North, Madeline Alvarez and Nina del Luna. In 1952 she met Nicholas Heron, with whom she entered into a relationship. After moving to Southsea in Hampshire, they founded the OMS as a correspondence course in 1956, teaching subscribers their own magical rites. Viewing Lucifer as a benevolent angelic deity, she believed Luciferianism had its origins in ancient Babylon, and encouraged her followers to contact angelic beings associated with the planetary bodies to aid their spiritual development. After her relationship with Heron ended in 1964, she returned to London, continuing to propagate the OMS. She settled in the St. Giles district, where she became known to the press as \"The Witch of St. Giles\". She died of lung cancer in 1982. Having refused to publish her ideas in books, Montalban became largely forgotten following her death, although the OMS continued under new leadership. Her life and work was mentioned in various occult texts and historical studies of esotericism during subsequent decades; a short biography by Julia Philips was published by the Atlantis Bookshop in 2012. Madeline Sylvia Royals was born on 8 January 1910 in Blackpool, Lancashire. Little is known of her early life, which coincided with Britain's involvement in the First World War, although she appears to have had a strained relationship with her parents. Her father, Willie Royals, was an insurance agent, while her mother, Marion Neruda Shaw, was a tailor's daughter from Oldham. Willie and Marion had married on 28 June 1909, followed by Madeline's birth seven months later. In early life, Madeline was afflicted with polio, resulting in a lifelong withered leg and limp. Bedridden for the course of the illness, she read literature to entertain herself, enjoying the works of Edward Bulwer-Lytton, H. Rider Haggard and E. T. A. Hoffman. She also read the Bible in her youth, becoming particularly enamored with the texts of the Old Testament, and was convinced that they contained secret messages, a theme that became a central tenet of her later Luciferian beliefs. In the early 1930s, she left Blackpool, and moved south to London. Her reasons for doing so have never been satisfactorily explained, and she would offer multiple, contradictory accounts of her reasoning in later life. According to one account, her father sent her to study with the famed occultist and mystic Aleister Crowley, who had founded the religion of Thelema in 1904; Montalban's biographer Julia Philips noted that while she met Crowley in London, this story remains implausible. Another of Montalban's accounts held that she moved to the capital to work for the \"Daily Express\" newspaper; this claim has never been corroborated, and one of the paper's reporters at the time, Justine Glass, has claimed that she never remembered Montalban working there. Montalban often changed her stories, and informed later disciple Michael Howard that upon arrival in London, the \"Daily Express\" sent her to interview Crowley. According to this story, when she first visited him at his lodgings in Jermyn Street, he was suffering from an asthma attack, and having had experience with this ailment from a family member she was able to help him, earning his gratitude. They subsequently went to the expensive Café Royal in Regent Street, where after their lunch, he revealed that he was unable to pay, leaving Montalban to sort out payment. Although her own accounts of the initial meeting are unreliable, Montalban met with Crowley, embracing the city's occult scene. Having a deep interest in western esotericism, she read widely on the subject, and taught herself the practice of magic rather than seeking out the instruction of a teacher. She was particularly interested in astrology, and in 1933 wrote her first article on the subject for the magazine \"London Life\", entitled \"The Stars in the Heavens\". Her work continued to see publication in that magazine until 1953, during which time she used different pseudonyms: Madeline Alvarez, Dolores del Castro, Michael Royals, Regina Norcliff, Athene Deluce, Nina de Luna, and the best known, Madeline Montalban, which she created based upon the name of a film star whom she liked, the Mexican actor Ricardo Montalbán. By the end of the 1930s, Montalban was living on Grays Inn Road in the Borough of Holborn. In 1939, she married fireman George Edward North in London. They had a daughter, Rosanna, but their relationship deteriorated and he left her for another woman.", "They had a daughter, Rosanna, but their relationship deteriorated and he left her for another woman. She later informed friends that during the Second World War, George had served in the Royal Navy while she served in the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS), although such claims have never been corroborated. Gerald Gardner, founder of Gardnerian Wicca – known for his unreliable stories – claimed that he met Montalban during the war, when she was wearing a WRNS uniform, and that at the time she was working as a \"personal clairvoyant and psychic advisor\" to Lord Louis Mountbatten. Various individuals who knew her would comment that she had in her possession a framed blurry picture of Mountbatten with an individual who looked like her. She continued her publication of articles under an array of pseudonyms in \"London Life\", and from February 1947 was responsible for a regular astrological column entitled \"You and Your Stars\" under the name of Nina del Luna. She also undertook other work, and in the late 1940s, Michael Houghton, proprietor of Bloomsbury's esoteric-themed Atlantis Bookshop, asked her to edit a manuscript of Gardner's novel \"High Magic's Aid\", which was set in the Late Middle Ages and which featured practitioners of a Witch-Cult; Gardner later alleged that the book contained allusions to the ritual practices of the New Forest coven of Pagan Witches who had initiated him into their ranks in 1939. Gardner incorrectly believed that Montalban \"claimed to be a Witch; but got wrong\" although he credited her with having \"a lively imagination.\" Although initially seeming favourable to Gardner, by the mid-1960s she had become hostile towards him and his Gardnerian tradition, considering him to be \"a 'dirty old man' and sexual pervert.\" She also expressed hostility to another prominent Pagan Witch of the period, Charles Cardell, although in the 1960s became friends with the two Witches at the forefront of the Alexandrian Wiccan tradition, Alex Sanders and his wife, Maxine Sanders, who adopted some of her Luciferian angelic practices. She personally despised being referred to as a \"witch\", and was particularly angry when the esoteric magazine \"Man, Myth and Magic\" referred to her as \"The Witch of St. Giles\", an area of Central London which she would later inhabit. In his 1977 book \"Nightside of Eden\", the Thelemite Kenneth Grant, then leader of the Typhonian OTO, told a story in which he claimed that both he and Gardner performed rituals in the St. Giles flat of a \"Mrs. South\", probably a reference to Montalban, who often used the pseudonym of \"Mrs North\". The truthfulness of Grant's claims have been scrutinised by both Doreen Valiente and Julia Philips, who have pointed out multiple incorrect assertions with his account. From August 1953, Montalban ceased working for \"London Life\", publishing her work in the magazine \"Prediction\", one of the country's best-selling esoteric-themed publications. Starting with a series on the uses of the tarot, in May 1960 she was employed to produce a regular astrological column for \"Prediction\". Supplementing such esoteric endeavours, she penned a series of romantic short stories for publication in magazines. Throughout the 1950s she released a series of booklets under different pseudonyms that were devoted to astrology; in one case, she published the same booklet under two separate titles and names, as Madeline Montalban's \"Your Stars and Love\" and Madeline Alvarez's \"Love and the Stars\". She never wrote any books, instead preferring the shorter booklets and articles as mediums through which to propagate her views, and was critical of those books that taught the reader how to perform their own horoscopes, believing that they put professional astrologers out of business. In 1952 she met Nicholas Heron, with whom she entered into a relationship. An engraver, photographer and former journalist for the \"Brighton Argus\", he shared her interest in the occult, and together they developed a magical system based upon Luciferianism, the veneration of the deity Lucifer, or Lumiel, whom they considered to be a benevolent angelic deity. In 1956, they founded the Order of the Morning Star, or \"Ordo Stella Matutina\" (OSM), propagating it through a correspondence course. The couple sent out lessons to those who paid the necessary fees over a series of weeks, eventually leading to the twelfth lesson, which contained \"The Book of Lumiel\", a short work written by Montalban that documented her understanding of Lumiel, or Lucifer, and his involvement with humankind. The couple initially lived together in Torrington Place, London, from where they ran the course, but in 1961 moved to the coastal town of Southsea in Essex, where there was greater room for Heron's engraving equipment. She encouraged members of her OMS course to come and meet with her, and developed friendships with a number of them, blurring the distinction between teacher and pupil. Meetings of OMS members were informal, and rarely for ritual, with the majority of the organisation's rites requiring solitary work.", "Meetings of OMS members were informal, and rarely for ritual, with the majority of the organisation's rites requiring solitary work. According to later members of her Order, Montalban's basis was in Hermeticism, although she was heavily influenced by Mediaeval and Early Modern grimoires like the \"Picatrix\", \"Corpus Hermeticum\", \"The Heptameron\" of Pietro d'Abano, \"The Key of Solomon\", \"The Book of Abramelin\", and Cornelius Agrippa's \"Three Books of Occult Philosophy\". Unlike the founders of several older ceremonial magic organisations, such as the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn or the Fraternity of the Inner Light, she did not claim any authority from higher spiritual beings such as the Ascended masters or Secret Chiefs. She believed that the Luciferian religion had its origin among the Chaldean people of ancient Babylon in the Middle East, and believed that in a former life, the OMS's members had been \"initiates of the Babylonian and Ancient Egyptian priesthood\" from where they had originally known each other. She considered herself the reincarnation of King Richard III, and was a member of the Richard III Society; on one occasion, she visited the site of Richard's death at the Battle of Bosworth with fellow OMS members, wearing a suit of armour. In March 1964, Montalban broke from her relationship with Heron, and moved back to London. From 1964 until 1966 she dwelt in a flat at 8 Holly Hill, Hampstead, which was owned by the husband of one of her OMS students, the Latvian exile and poet Velta Snikere. After leaving Holly Hill, Montalban moved to a flat in the Queen Alexandra Mansions at 3 Grape Street in the St. Giles district of Holborn. Here, she was in close proximity to the two primary bookstores then catering to occult interests, Atlantis Bookshop and Watkins Bookshop, as well as to the British Museum. She offered one of the rooms in her flat to a young astrologer and musician, Rick Hayward, whom she had met in the summer of 1967; he joined the OMS, and in the last few months of Montalban's life authored her astrological forecasts for \"Prediction\". After her death, he continued publishing astrological prophecies in \"Prediction\" and \"Prediction Annual\" until summer 2012. In 1967, Michael Howard, a young man interested in witchcraft and the occult wrote to Montalban after reading one of her articles in \"Prediction\"; she invited him to visit her at her home. The two became friends, with Montalban believing that she could see the \"Mark of Cain\" in his aura. She invited him to become a student of the ONS, which he duly did. Over the coming year, he spent much of his time with her, and in 1968 they went on what she called a \"magical mystery tour\" to the West Country, visiting Stonehenge, Boscastle and Tintagel. In 1969, he was initiated into Gardnerian Wicca, something she disapproved of, and their friendship subsequently \"hit a stormy period\" with the pair going \"[their] own ways for several years.\" A lifelong smoker, Montalban developed lung cancer, causing her death on 11 January 1982. The role of sorting out her financial affairs fell to her friend, Pat Arthy, who discovered that despite her emphasis on the magical attainment of material wealth, she owned no property and that her estate was worth less than £10,000. The copyright of her writings fell to her daughter, Rosanna, who entrusted the running of the OMS to two of Montalban's initiates, married couple Jo Sheridan and Alfred Douglas, who were authorised as the exclusive publishers of her correspondence course. Sheridan – whose real name was Patricia Douglas – opened an alternative therapy centre in Islington, North London, in the 1980s, before retiring to Rye, East Sussex in 2002, where she continued running the OMS correspondence course until her death in 2011. According to her biographer Julia Philips, Montalban had been described by her magical students as \"tempestuous, generous, humorous, demanding, kind, capricious, talented, volatile, selfish, goodhearted, [and] dramatic\". Philips noted that she was a woman who made a \"definite impression\" in all those whom she encountered, but who equally could be quite shy and disliked being interviewed in anything other than print. Philips asserted that Montalban had a \"mercurial personality\" and could be kind and generous at one moment and fly into a violent temper the next. Several of her friends noted that she was prudish when it came to sexual matters, and her friend Maxine Sanders stated that even as an elderly lady Montalban boasted of only taking men under the age of twenty-five as her lovers. She would take great pleasure in causing arguments, particularly between a couple who were romantically involved. Describing herself as a \"pagan\", Montalban's personal faith was Luciferian in basis, revolving around the veneration of Lucifer, or Lumiel, whom she considered to be a benevolent angelic being who had aided humanity's development. Within her Order, she emphasised that her followers discover their own personal relationship with the angelic beings, including Lumiel. Montalban considered astrology to be a central part of her religious worldview, and always maintained that one could be a good magician only if they had mastered astrology.", "Montalban considered astrology to be a central part of her religious worldview, and always maintained that one could be a good magician only if they had mastered astrology. Her correspondence course focused around the seven planetary bodies that were known in the ancient world and the angelic beings that she associated with them: Michael (Sun), Gabriel (Moon), Samael (Mars), Raphael (Mercury), Sachiel (Jupiter), Anael (Venus) and Cassiel (Saturn). Each of these beings was in turn associated with certain days, hours, minerals, plants, and animals, each of which could be used in the creation of talismans that invoked the angelic power. Montalban disliked the theatrical use of props and rites in ceremonial magic, such as that performed by the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, preferring a more simplistic use of ritual. In his book on the history of Wicca, \"The Triumph of the Moon\" (1999), historian Ronald Hutton of Bristol University noted that Montalban was \"one of England's most prominent occultists\" of the 20th century. Michael Howard referred to Montalban's teachings in his book on Luciferian mythology, \"The Book of Fallen Angels\" (2004), with religious studies scholar Fredrik Gregorius noting that Howard played an \"important [role] in furthering an interest\" in Montalban's ideas. In 2012, Neptune Press – the publishing arm of Bloomsbury's Atlantis Bookshop – published a short biography of Montalban entitled \"Madeline Montalban: The Magus of St Giles\", written by Anglo-Australian Wiccan Julia Philips. Philips noted that for much of the project she found it difficult separating fact from fiction when it came to Montalban's life, but that she had been able to nevertheless put together a biographical account, albeit an incomplete one, of \"one of the truly great characters of English occultism.\"" ]

[ "Rancho San Joaquin (Cervantes) Rancho San Joaquin (also called \"Rosa Morada\") was a Mexican land grant in present day San Benito County, California given in 1836 by Governor Nicolás Gutiérrez to Cruz Cervantes. The grant was located north east of present day Hollister and was bounded on the north by Rancho Ausaymas y San Felipe, on the south by Rancho Santa Ana y Quien Sabe, on the west by Santa Ana Creek, and on the east by the hills. Cruz Cervantes (1796–1875) received the two square league Rancho San Joaquin or Rancho Rosa Morada in 1836. With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho San Joaquin was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was confirmed by the Commission. The United States unsuccessfully appealed to the US Supreme Court and the grant was patented to Cruz Cervantes in 1874. Cruz Cervantes gave a one tenth interest in the Rancho to William Carey Jones (1814–1867) who represented him before the Land Commission. Jones had been appointed by the United States Secretary of the Interior in 1849, to investigate the validity of California's land grants. Cervantes sold to Rancho to Flint, Bixby & Co in 1863." ]

[ "Yeoju Institute of Technology Yeoju Institute of Technology (or YIT) is a private higher educational institution in Yeoju County, southeastern Gyeonggi province, South Korea. As of 2012 the status of the institution has changed to a university. Several four-year programs have been established such as the school's nursing program. Yeoju University has begun to develop an international studies program. A big number of students from China, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and Burma have enrolled. These students mainly attend the college for Korean language training. Yeoju University is famous for its educational programs in Architecture, Civil engineering, Renewable energy development, Management and marketing. There are many \"foreign instructors and professors\" employed at institute. A small extension campus is located in neighboring Icheon City, at a Hyundai/ KCC plant. The school has a strong focus on automotive technology, but offers training in a variety of other fields, including ceramic design, a field which is of considerable economic importance in Yeoju and Icheon. The school was established by the Dongshin Educational Foundation. Governmental permission was received in 1992. The school admitted its first entering class in March 1993. It was known at that time as Yeoju Industrial Technical College, taking its present name two years later in 1995. The first international sisterhood relationship was established in the intervening year (1994), with Salt Lake Community College in the United States. In addition to Salt Lake Community College, YIT maintains relationships with schools in several countries. These include Houghton College and Utah Valley University in the United States, British Columbia Institute of Technology in Canada, the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom, the University of Newcastle in Australia, Osaka Industrial University in Japan, and Kyung Hee University in Korea." ]

[ "Justin Achilli Justin Achilli is best known as an author and developer for White Wolf, Inc. Justin Achilli began working at White Wolf in 1995. Achilli has contributed as an author for numerous \"\" and \"\" titles, and acted as the developer for the launch of \"Vampire: The Requiem\". Achilli has also contributed to \"Werewolf\", \"Mage\", \"\", \"Changeling\", \"Ravenloft\", and other titles. He was promoted to Editing & Development Manager at White Wolf in 2005. He has worked on over 100 \"Vampire\" titles. Achilli co-designed the \"Exalted\" role-playing game with Steve Wieck and Robert Hatch, and the game was published in 2001; the game was both well-received and commercially successful. Achilli was one of the guests at Project A-Kon in 2006." ]

[ "The Vyne Community School The Vyne Community School, Basingstoke was created out of the merger of two pre-existing schools, Queen Mary's School for Boys, Basingstoke a selective Grammar School, also known as QMSB, and Charles Chute Secondary Modern School, which occurred in 1970. Initially the school was known as Queen Mary's & Charles Chute School, and was the result of the U.K. Government's policy in the 1960s to make all maintained (state funded) schools comprehensive. In the first instance the school remained a single sex institution, becoming coeducational in 1971-72. The name \"Queen Mary's\" was later transferred to the Queen Mary's College, a Sixth Form College, in Cliddesden Road, Basingstoke. The school was thereupon renamed The Vyne School, in commemoration of the links that both schools had to The Vyne, a property owned by the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, former home of the Sandys and Chute families, just North of Basingstoke. The school is a coeducational community school, for young people aged 11–16, and still occupies the site of the former Queen Mary's School for Boys, in Vyne Road, Basingstoke. It is a specialist school for the Performing Arts. The Vyne is also the only school in Basingstoke to have a Combined Cadet Force (CCF)." ]

[ "Postpartum bleeding Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood within the first 24 hours following childbirth. Some have added the requirement that there also be signs or symptoms of low blood volume for the condition to exist. Signs and symptoms may initially include: an increased heart rate, feeling faint upon standing, and an increased breath rate. As more blood is lost, the woman may feel cold, her blood pressure may drop, and she may become restless or unconscious. The condition can occur up to six weeks following delivery. The most common cause is poor contraction of the uterus following childbirth. Not all of the placenta being delivered, a tear of the uterus, or poor blood clotting are other possible causes. It occurs more commonly in those who: already have a low amount of red blood, are Asian, with bigger or more than one baby, are obese or are older than 40 years of age. It also occurs more commonly following caesarean sections, those in whom medications are used to start labor, those requiring the use of a vacuum or forceps, and those who have an episiotomy. Prevention involves decreasing known risk factors including procedures associated with the condition, if possible, and giving the medication oxytocin to stimulate the uterus to contract shortly after the baby is born. Misoprostol may be used instead of oxytocin in resource poor settings. Treatments may include: intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, and the medication ergotamine to cause further uterine contraction. Efforts to compress the uterus using the hands may be effective if other treatments do not work. The aorta may also be compressed by pressing on the abdomen. The World Health Organization has recommended non-pneumatic anti-shock garment to help until other measures such as surgery can be carried out. In 2017 study found that tranexamic acid decreased a woman's risk of death. In the developing world about 1.2% of deliveries are associated with PPH and when PPH occurred about 3% of women died. Globally it occurs about 8.7 million times and results in 44,000 to 86,000 deaths per year making it the leading cause of death during pregnancy. About 0.4 women per 100,000 deliveries die from PPH in the United Kingdom while about 150 women per 100,000 deliveries die in sub-Saharan Africa. Rates of death have decreased substantially since at least the late 1800s in the United Kingdom. Depending on the source, primary postpartum bleeding is defined as blood loss in excess of 500ml following vaginal delivery or 1000ml following caesarean section in the first 24 hours following birth. Secondary postpartum bleeding is that which occurs after the first day and up to six weeks after childbirth. Signs and symptoms may initially include: an increased heart rate, feeling faint upon standing, and an increased respiratory rate. As more blood is lost the women may feel cold, their blood pressure may drop (hypotension), and they may become unconscious. Causes of postpartum hemorrhage are uterine atony, trauma, retained placenta or placental abnormalities, and coagulopathy, commonly referred to as the \"four Ts\": Other risk factors include obesity, fever during pregnancy, bleeding before delivery, and heart disease. Oxytocin is typically used right after the delivery of the baby to prevent PPH. Misoprostol may be used in areas where oxytocin is not available. Early clamping of the umbilical cord does not decrease risks and may cause anemia in the baby, thus is usually not recommended. Active management of the third stage is a method of shortening the stage between when the baby is born and when the placenta is delivered. This stage is when the mother is at risk of having a PPH. Active management involves giving a drug which helps the uterus contract before delivering the placenta by a gentle but sustained pull on the umbilical cord whilst exerting upward pressure on the lower abdomen to support the uterus. Another method of active management which is not recommended now is fundal pressure. A review into this method found no research and advises controlled cord traction because fundal pressure can cause the mother unnecessary pain. Allowing the cord to drain appears to shorten the third stage and reduce blood loss but evidence around this subject is not strong enough to draw solid conclusions. Nipple stimulation and breastfeeding triggers the release of natural oxytocin in the body, therefore it is thought that encouraging the baby to suckle soon after birth may reduce the risk of PPH for the mother. A review looking into this did not find enough good research to say whether or not nipple stimulation did reduce PPH. More research is needed to answer this question. Uterine massage is a simple first line treatment as it helps the uterus to contract to reduce bleeding. Although the evidence around the effectiveness of uterine massage is inconclusive, it is common practice after the delivery of the placenta. Intravenous oxytocin is the drug of choice for postpartum hemorrhage. Ergotamine may also be used. Oxytocin helps the uterus to contract quickly and the contractions to last for longer. It is the first line treatment for PPH when its cause is the uterus not contracting well. A combination of syntocinon and ergometrine is commonly used as part of active management of the third stage of labour. This is called syntometrine. Syntocinon alone lowers the risk of PPH. Based on limited research available it is unclear whether syntocinon or syntometrine is most effective in preventing PPH but adverse effects are worse with syntometrine making syntocinon a more attractive option.", "Based on limited research available it is unclear whether syntocinon or syntometrine is most effective in preventing PPH but adverse effects are worse with syntometrine making syntocinon a more attractive option. Ergometrine also has to be kept cool and in a dark place so that it is safe to use. It does reduce the risk of PPH by improving the tone of the uterus when compared with no treatment however it has to be used with caution due to its effect raising blood pressure and causing worse after pains. More research would be useful in determining the best doses of ergometrine, and syntocinon. The difficulty using oxytocin is that it needs to be kept below a certain temperature which requires resources such as fridges which are not always available particularly in low-resourced settings. When oxytocin is not available, misoprostol can be used. Misoprostol does not need to be kept at a certain temperature and research into its effectiveness in reducing blood loss appears promising when compared with a placebo in a setting where it is not appropriate to use oxytocin. Misoprostol can cause unpleasant side effects such as very high body temperatures and shivering. Lower doses of misoprostol appear to be safer and cause less side effects. Giving oxytocin in a solution of saline into the umbilical vein is a method of administering the drugs directly to the placental bed and uterus. However quality of evidence around this technique is poor and it is not recommended for routine use in the management of the third stage. More research is needed to ascertain whether this is an effective way of administering uterotonic drugs. As a way of treating a retained placenta, this method is not harmful but has not been shown to be effective. Carbetocin compared with oxytocin produced a reduction in women who needed uterine massage and further uterotonic drugs for women having caesarean sections. There was no difference in rates of PPH in women having caesarean sections or women having vaginal deliveries when given carbetocin. Carbetocin appears to cause less adverse effects. More research is needed to find the cost effectiveness of using carbetocin. Tranexamic acid, a clot stabilizing medication, may also be used to reduce bleeding and blood transfusions in low-risk women, however evidence as of 2015 was not strong. A 2017 trial found that it decreased the risk of death from bleeding from 1.9% to 1.5% in women with postpartum bleeding. The benefit was greater when the medication was given within three hours. In some countries, such as Japan, methylergometrine and other herbal remedies are given following the delivery of the placenta to prevent severe bleeding more than a day after the birth. However, there is not enough evidence to suggest that these methods are effective. Surgery may be used if medical management fails or in case of cervical lacerations or tear or uterine rupture. Methods used may include uterine artery ligation, ovarian artery ligation, internal iliac artery ligation, selective arterial embolization, B-lynch suture, and hysterectomy. Bleeding caused by traumatic causes should be management by surgical repair. When there is bleeding due to uterine rupture a repair can be performed but most of the time a hysterectomy is needed. The World Health Organization recommends the use of a device called the non-pneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG) for use in delivery activities outside of a hospital setting, the aim being to improve shock in a mother with obstetrical bleeding long enough to reach a hospital. External aortic compression devices (EACD) may also be used. In the uterus, balloon tamponade can alleviate or stop postpartum hemorrhage. Inflating a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube in the uterus successfully treats atonic postpartum hemorrhage refractory to medical management in approximately 80% of cases. Such procedure is relatively simple, inexpensive and has low surgical morbidity. A Bakri balloon is a balloon tamponade specifically constructed for uterine postpartum hemorrhage. Protocols to manage postpartum bleeding are recommended to ensure the rapid giving of blood products when needed. A detailed stepwise management protocol has been introduced by the California Maternity Quality Care Collaborative. It describes 4 stages of obstetrical hemorrhage after childbirth and its application reduces maternal mortality. A Cochrane review suggests that active management (use of uterotonic drugs, cord clamping and controlled cord traction) during the third stage of labour reduces severe bleeding and anemia. However, the review also found that active management increased the mother's blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and pain. In the active management group more women returned to hospital with bleeding after discharge, and there was also a reduction in birthweight due to infants having a lower blood volume. The effects on the baby of early cord clamping was discussed in another review which found that delayed cord clamping improved iron stores longer term in the infants. Although they were more likely to need phototherapy (light therapy) to treat jaundice, the improved iron stores are expected to be worth increasing the practice of delayed cord clamping in healthy term babies. For preterm babies (babies born before 37 weeks) a review of the research found that delaying cord clamping by 30–45 seconds increased the amount of blood flow to the baby. This is important as increased blood volume in the baby made them less likely to develop some serious complications. Much of the research around this subject is poor quality so further, larger research projects are likely to produce more reliable results. Another Cochrane review looking at the timing of the giving oxytocin as part of the active management found similar benefits with giving it before or after the expulsion of the placenta.", "Another Cochrane review looking at the timing of the giving oxytocin as part of the active management found similar benefits with giving it before or after the expulsion of the placenta. There is no good quality evidence on how best to treat a secondary PPH (PPH occurring 24 hrs or more after the birth). Methods of measuring blood loss associated with childbirth vary, complicating comparison of prevalence rates. A systematic review reported the highest rates of PPH in Africa (27.5%), and the lowest in Oceania (7.2%), with an overall rate globally of 10.8%. The rate in both Europe and North America was around 13%. The rate is higher for multiple pregnancies (32.4% compared with 10.6% for singletons), and for first-time mothers (12.9% compared with 10.0% for women in subsequent pregnancies). The overall rate of severe PPH (>1000 ml) was much lower at an overall rate of 2.8%, again with the highest rate in Africa (5.1%)." ]

[ "Prussian House of Representatives The Prussian House of Representatives () was, until 1918, the second chamber of the Prussian ', the other chamber being the Prussian House of Lords. It was elected according to the three-class franchise, and had been established by the Prussian constitution of 5 December 1848. The name \"House of Representatives\" (') was introduced in 1855. From 1849, the election of representatives within the Kingdom of Prussia was performed according to the three-class franchise system. The election was indirect. In the primary election, those with the right to vote went to the ballot and, in three separate classes, chose electors, who, in turn, chose the representatives for their constituency. Several attempts to reform the voting procedure, which heavily favoured the Conservatives, were rebuffed by the House of Lords. The electoral law, which was one of the most progressive in Europe when it was introduced, thus stayed mostly unchanged until 1918. The House of Representatives itself decided to abolish it in 1918, but it had become redundant by the German Revolution of 1918–1919, which founded a republic. The right to vote was open to every male Prussian over 24 years of age who had been living in a Prussian municipality for at least six months and had not been stripped of his rights by a court of law and was not in receipt of public pauper relief. To stand for election as a representative, one had to be over 30, be a Prussian for at least three years and not be stripped of civil rights by a court. The legislative period was at first three years, but, as for the Reichstag, it was changed to five years in 1888. The House was, however, dissolved by the king prematurely several times. From 1849 to 1918, there were 22 legislative periods. Its size was first fixed at 350 seats, which changed to 352 with the incorporation of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Hohenzollern-Hechingen in 1849. Following annexations after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the number of seats changed to 432 after the election of 1867. In 1876, another seat for the Duchy of Lauenburg was added. In 1906, ten seats were added, bringing the number to 443 for the elections of 1908. The members of the House received monetary compensation for their work, unlike (until 1906) the members of the Reichstag. Therefore, many Reichstag members also sat in the House of Representatives. In 1903, 110 members of the Reichstag were likewise members of the Prussian House, that is, almost half of the House of Representatives' 236 seats. After 1906, the number of dual office-holders sank significantly, to only 45 in 1913. From 1862, there was a clear liberal majority in the House. In the Prussian constitutional crisis of 1859–66, however, the Liberals were defeated by chancellor Otto von Bismarck. After the war of 1866, the National Liberals split from the Liberals, and the latter never regained their former strength. The distribution of seats from 1867, at the beginning of the respective legislative period: Notes: Split from the conservatives; Split from the National Liberals; German Free-minded Party; Progressive People's Party (Germany) The Prussian revolutionary cabinet, with Social Democrats and Independent Social Democrats, abolished the \"\" on 15 November 1918. A protest, by its vice-president Felix Porsch, on 24 November 1918 was the last sign of life of the House of Representatives." ]

[ "Governor of Tokat The Governor of Tokat (Turkish: \"Tokat Valiliği\") is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Tokat. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Tokat is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Tokat. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Tokat provincial police force and the Tokat Gendarmerie. The Governor of Tokat is appointed by the President of Turkey, who confirms the appointment after recommendation from the Turkish Government. The Ministry of the Interior first considers and puts forward possible candidates for approval by the cabinet. The Governor of Tokat is therefore not a directly elected position and instead functions as the most senior civil servant in the Province of Tokat. The Governor is not limited by any term limits and does not serve for a set length of time. Instead, the Governor serves at the pleasure of the Government, which can appoint or reposition the Governor whenever it sees fit. Such decisions are again made by the cabinet of Turkey. The Governor of Tokat, as a civil servant, may not have any close connections or prior experience in Tokat Province. It is not unusual for Governors to alternate between several different Provinces during their bureaucratic career. The Governor of Tokat has both bureaucratic functions and influence over local government. The main role of the Governor is to oversee the implementation of decisions by government ministries, constitutional requirements and legislation passed by Grand National Assembly within the provincial borders. The Governor also has the power to reassign, remove or appoint officials a certain number of public offices and has the right to alter the role of certain public institutions if they see fit. Governors are also the most senior public official within the Province, meaning that they preside over any public ceremonies or provincial celebrations being held due to a national holiday. As the commander of the provincial police and Gendarmerie forces, the Governor can also take decisions designed to limit civil disobedience and preserve public order. Although mayors of municipalities and councillors are elected during local elections, the Governor has the right to re-organise or to inspect the proceedings of local government despite being an unelected position." ]

[ "Estonia national football team 2010 The 2010 season was the 19th full year of competitive football in the Baltic country as an independent nation. The team played total of thirteen – four UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying, two Baltic Cup and seven friendly – matches, of which they won three, drew four and lost six. They scored thirteen goals, averaging one goal per match, and conceded eighteen in these games. It was the farewell match for Indrek Zelinski, who acquired total of 103 caps and 27 goals. Sander Post scored his first international goal, which helped Estonia overcome Finland for the first time in 73 years. Karl Palatu was capped for the first time. Sergei Mošnikov was capped for the first time. Siim Luts was capped for the first time. Rauno Alliku, Markus Jürgenson and Marko Meerits were capped for the first time. These 38 players were capped during the 2010 season (listed alphabetically): All six were FC Flora Tallinn players at the time of their debuts." ]

[ "Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet) Series 4, Episode 8 is the final episode of the fourth series of the British comedy-drama television series \"Cold Feet\". It was written by Mike Bullen, directed by Ciaran Donnelly, and was first broadcast on the ITV network on 10 December 2001. The plot follows on directly from the previous episode, as Adam and Rachel (James Nesbitt and Helen Baxendale), and Karen and David (Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst) travel to Sydney, Australia for Pete and Jo's (John Thomson and Kimberley Joseph) impromptu wedding. Adam is sceptical that Pete is truly in love with Jo, and Jo's rich father Rod (Gary Sweet) suspects that Pete is only marrying her to get access to his money. Under pressure from Rod, Pete gets cold feet and he and Jo call off the wedding. The couple soon reconcile and marry with Rod's blessing. Meanwhile, David discovers that Karen has been having an affair with her colleague Mark (Sean Pertwee) and ends their marriage, and Rachel gives birth prematurely in a Sydney hospital. The episode was conceived by Mike Bullen and \"Cold Feet\"s executive producer Andy Harries in 2000. Both attended a television conference in Sydney and decided to contrive the main plot of the fourth series so the characters would end up in Australia. Helen Baxendale was pregnant and could not fly to Australia, so all scenes featuring Rachel were filmed in Manchester and Salford, England. After location scouting and casting around the Sydney area in May and July, production in Australia ran for 18 days in October 2001. Locations used included a heritage home in Vaucluse for the wedding scenes, Palm Beach for a beach barbecue scene, and outside the Opera House. The episode was watched by nearly nine million people on its original UK broadcast and received a mixed reaction from newspaper critics; some believed the trip to Sydney was an unnecessary jaunt for the cast and crew, others selected the episode as a \"pick of the day\". It also received mixed reviews in Australia and New Zealand. Kimberley Joseph's performance was praised, as was Gary Sweet's guest role. The episode represented the series when it won the award for Best Drama Series at the British Academy Television Awards 2002. Adam and Rachel (James Nesbitt and Helen Baxendale), and Karen and David (Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst) arrive in Sydney, Australia for Pete and Jo's (John Thomson and Kimberley Joseph) hastily arranged wedding. Jo's father Rod Ellison (Gary Sweet) is surprised to learn that his daughter is getting married to a man he suspects is only after his money. After speaking to Rod, Adam tells Pete that he thinks the wedding is going ahead for the wrong reasons. Pete reacts angrily and tells Adam to forget being his best man. The following morning, Rod tries to bribe Pete to call off the wedding, but Pete declines. He later overhears Rod forbidding Jo to marry him and tells her they ought to postpone the wedding. Jo is devastated at his decision, and tells him to get out of her house. She confides her sorrow in her ex-fiancé Shawn (Sandy Winton), who unsuccessfully tries to restart their relationship by proposing to her. Rachel, who is spending most of her time in her hotel room on account of her pregnancy, receives a visit from her expatriated lesbian sister Lucy (Susannah Doyle). Lucy tells Rachel that she has been sleeping around with men in order to have a child. When Adam learns of this, he suggests to Lucy that she use some of his banked sperm. They broach the idea to Rachel, who is disgusted at the thought of her husband having a baby with her sister and forbids it from going ahead. Meanwhile, Karen finally assures David that the animosity between them caused by his extramarital affair is in the past. She emails Mark Cubitt (Sean Pertwee), a man \"she\" has been having an affair with in England, to tell him their fling is over. Mark arrives at her apartment the next morning and spends the day with her after David cancels a visit to an art gallery with her. He convinces her that David is still the same insensitive man that he has always been. The next day, Karen tells Rachel that she will leave David to be with Mark. Pete and Adam make up after their row and Adam goes to Jo's to collect Pete's clothes. Her regret over her breakup with Pete leads Adam to convince Rod that he should give the wedding his blessing. He follows David to a business meeting with Rod, which David has arranged as a prelude to emigrating his family to Sydney, and with David's help changes Rod's mind about Pete. Rod later meets Jo and Pete to give them his blessing, and they reconcile. On the day of the wedding, David finally reveals his plans for the family to Karen, unaware that Mark is in the apartment. Karen is surprised that David has made the plans, including finding a house for them to live in. Mark is irritated by David's attitude and reveals the affair to him. Enraged, David lashes out at Mark and the two fight. Karen angrily tells Mark to leave. Outside the hotel, Rachel goes into premature labour.", "Outside the hotel, Rachel goes into premature labour. Adam rushes her to hospital, where she is taken into surgery. At the wedding venue, Pete asks David to take Adam's place as best man. As Adam has the rings, David volunteers his own wedding band to Pete, and Karen does the same for Jo. Pete and Jo exchange their wedding vows and are pronounced husband and wife. After the wedding, Karen tries to approach David but he just walks away, telling her \"no more\". Later, Pete, Jo and Karen join Adam and Rachel at the hospital, where they are introduced to the baby, Matthew Sydney Williams. David flies home alone in tears. The episode was devised following a lecture given by writer Mike Bullen and executive producer Andy Harries at the Screen Producers Association of Australia conference in November 2000. Bullen and Harries already knew that actress Fay Ripley did not want to renew her contract to play Jenny Gifford for the whole fourth series, so developed a storyline where Jenny's ex-husband Pete would meet and fall in love with an Australian woman after his divorce. The storyline would culminate in an episode set in Australia, which Harries wanted \"for no desperately good reason except that it's a nice place to go\". The storyline was plotted and Kimberley Joseph was cast as Jo Ellison, who makes her first appearance in Series 4, Episode 1. As originally planned, the fourth series would have depicted all of the main characters permanently emigrating to Australia; Bullen said, \"One of them [the characters], whose relationship is no more, meets an Australian in England and he comes out here, and the notion is that the others follow. Then one of the others would have a reason for wanting to walk away from his life so he comes out here too. That's really an excuse to bring everyone out, and the final episode would be a 90-minute special looking back on their lives up to that point; because it would be the last episode with these characters.\" Having the characters permanently based in Australia opened up the possibility of spin-off series set in the country. The direction of the fourth series, and thus the finale, changed significantly when Helen Baxendale announced that she was pregnant. Bullen wanted the episode to be an ordinary episode of \"Cold Feet\" that just happened to be set in Australia. The original script included stereotypical references to Australian culture, such as \"prawns on the barbie\", but these were cut to avoid turning the episode into a travelogue. Bullen told the \"Sun Herald\", \"I really wanted to go beyond 'no worries' and 'she'll be right mate'. We've asked most of the local actors to improvise with their own sayings, to make sure we get it right.\" In 2003, Bullen recalled this episode's script as the most difficult he had ever written. The collapse of Karen and David's marriage was a controversial issue among the writer and producers; two characters had already divorced and Harries wanted to avoid all three of the main relationships failing. After enjoying the quality of the Australian guest stars, Bullen joked to the \"Sun Herald\" that he would write a spin-off series featuring Gary Sweet. Eventually, no spin-off series were created. This episode was produced as the final episode of \"Cold Feet\"; Mike Bullen did not believe he could continue writing another series and cast members were eager to take other roles. During production in Australia, Bullen's interest in the series was renewed, and he decided he would like to write a final run of episodes. The episode was directed by Ciaran Donnelly, who also directed the previous episode. Mike Bullen visited Sydney in March 2001 to scout for locations. He was followed in May by producer Spencer Campbell and production designer Chris Truelove, who made preliminary casting decisions and scouted more locations. They finalised the arrangements in July. Unusually, the production schedule was drawn up without a final script in place. This caused complications as Campbell allocated too much time for filming in Sydney and not enough in Manchester. As a result, some scenes set in Sydney were filmed in Manchester; the scene where the characters arrive at Sydney Airport was filmed in a hall at the University of Manchester. Campbell rationalised that viewers who had never been to Sydney would not be able to tell the difference. Helen Baxendale was nearing the end of her pregnancy, so could not join the rest of the cast abroad, thus all of her scenes were filmed in Manchester and Salford. The scenes in Rachel and Adam's hotel room were shot at the Lowry Hotel in Salford and exterior scenes of the hotel were filmed at the GMEX Centre. The taxi that takes Rachel and Adam to the hospital was a Holden car imported to Britain from Australia and altered to look like a taxi. The Loaf bar at Deansgate Locks provided a filming location for some scenes. The final scene of the episode was filmed on an aeroplane set constructed in a studio. Robert Bathurst said, \"We shot the scene in the studio because we weren't allowed to film on a real aircraft. So we had to get sections of a plane's interior and stick them all together. The bits were flapping all over the place whenever anyone moved. I had to look out the porthole and have a weep.", "I had to look out the porthole and have a weep. As I was doing that, I looked out and there through the window, standing where the wing should be, was the show's carpenter trying to hold the set together.\" Production in Sydney commenced the week beginning 1 October and lasted for 18 days. The main cast and Sean Pertwee were flown out along with a skeleton crew. Additional staff were drawn from those already working for Granada Australia, the Australian production arm of Granada Productions, as flying a complete British crew overseas would have been prohibitively expensive. Filming locations included Hyde Park, Kirribilli, Double Bay and the Northern Beaches. The scenes of Shawn's barbecue were filmed in Palm Beach and the facade of a terraced house in Paddington was used for an establishing scene of Lucy's apartment. The wedding scenes were set in the grounds of Strickland House, Vaucluse. Another scene was filmed on location outside the Sydney Opera House. While preparing for the scene, Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst were distracted by a group of British tourists yelling that Karen should leave David after David's affair in Series 3. The group remained quiet when the scene was being shot. Karen and David's apartment was filmed at a building near Luna Park in Milsons Point. A stunt team co-ordinated the fight scene between Mark and David but could not convincingly choreograph a headbutt between Mark and David. The stunt co-ordinator and Pertwee, who was already experienced in stunt fighting, agreed Pertwee would get a better reaction from Bathurst by almost headbutting his face for real, instead of \"hitting air\". Initially startled by the move, Bathurst conceded that it was better for him to be surprised as he might have flinched if he had known what Pertwee was about to do. Hermione Norris found the scene upsetting insofar as it was unusual to see Robert Bathurst playing David in such an emotional state. The episode was originally broadcast in an extended 90-minute commercial timeslot on 10 December 2001 on the ITV network in the United Kingdom (ITV1, STV and UTV) and on TV3 in Ireland. Unofficial overnight ratings recorded an average of 8.5 million viewers and a 37% audience share for the episode in the UK. Final ratings, accounting for PVR viewings, rose to 8.95 million (38% share), making it the twenty-first most-watched show of the week. The fourth series had been broadcast on ITV on consecutive Sunday and Monday nights, and the Monday ratings had been considerably lower. Episode 8 marked the peak of the Monday night ratings. The episode received mixed reaction from newspaper critics. In the \"Liverpool Echo\", Rachael Tinniswood wrote that the episode \"was a fantastic display of everything that has made \"Cold Feet\" such a popular drama over the past few years\" and that Kimberley Joseph had proved to be \"a more than adequate replacement\" for Fay Ripley over the course of the fourth series. Tony Purnell wrote in the \"Daily Mirror\" that \"The fact that the gang ended up in Australia showed just how much the series had lost its way.\" Graham Young in the \"Birmingham Mail\" wrote that the excursion to Sydney \"smacks more of giving the cast a treat after four years, rather than any real necessity of the script\". The \"Daily Record\"s critic wrote \"if this is the last-ever episode, we should make the most of what has been a relatively disappointing series\". In a column about \"Chewin' the Fat\", \"Scotsman\" critic Aidan Smith accused the episode—\"which somehow managed to squeeze the Harbour Bridge into every shot\"—of being the point the series jumped the shark. \"Times\" columnist Caitlin Moran described it as \"both draining and tensifying\". Moran went on to say that Adam and Rachel had become poorly characterised and suggested that Mike Bullen had come to loathe the characters. The episode was selected as a \"pick of the day\" in \"The Sun\" and \"The Sunday Times\". Writing in the \"Journal of British Cinema and Television\" in 2006, Greg M. Smith analysed the development of the David character over the course of Series 4, including the fantasy scene in this episode where David imagines living with Karen in Australia, and the scene where David and Karen take off their wedding rings: \"Old, exhausted love is traded for new, vibrant love in this single gesture. Karen pursues David as he storms off after the ceremony, shouting his name, undoubtedly ready to alternate once more between pain and partial forgiveness, as they have done throughout their marriage. David turns and says: 'No, Karen. No more'.\" Smith also compared the scene to the wedding scene in the film \"The Best Years of Our Lives\" (William Wyler, 1946). ITV submitted the episode to the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to represent the series in the Best Drama Series category at the British Academy Television Awards 2002. The series won, and the award was collected by Mike Bullen, Andy Harries and Spencer Campbell at the BAFTA ceremony in April 2002. The scene in which Pete meets Rod for the first time was voted \"Best Dramatic Moment\" at the BBC's annual \"TV Moments\" broadcast in 2002. The episode was first broadcast in Australia on the Seven Network on 6 June 2002.", "The episode was first broadcast in Australia on the Seven Network on 6 June 2002. Robin Oliver for \"The Sydney Morning Herald\" wrote \"Unlike any of the other seemingly compulsory Oz adventures to which British TV panders, this one presents a superior storyline while soaking up the views.\" Oliver complimented the performances of Gary Sweet and Kimberley Joseph, and Ciaran Donnelly's direction. \"The Age\"s Debi Enker was critical, decrying the plot as \"fairly creaky\" and the locations as \"a very glossy ad for the sights of Sydney\". She also thought Gary Sweet and James Nesbitt looked bored in their roles. In New Zealand, the episode was broadcast on TV ONE on 17 September 2002. The \"New Zealand Herald\"s reviewer Michele Hewitson was critical of the clichés in the script, particularly the stereotypical characterisation of Rod Ellison, who she described as \"a bit of a bastard\". Hewitson was also critical of Karen's reaction to David's attempts to repair their relationship, and concluded by writing, \"God only knows why they had to drag the entire cast all the way to Australia. You can take this lot out of Manchester but they'll still be moaning, angst-ridden and selfish.\" The episode was first released as part of the \"Cold Feet: The Complete 4th Series\" DVD and VHS. The set was released in the United Kingdom on 25 November 2002 and in Australia on 3 April 2007. It was also released on a single disc DVD in 2003 as a promotional venture between the \"Sunday Mirror\" and Woolworths. Bibliography" ]

[ "Fort Jackson, Louisiana Fort Jackson is an historic masonry fort located some up river from the mouth of the Mississippi River in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. It was constructed as a coastal defense of New Orleans, between 1822 and 1832, and it was a battle site during the American Civil War. It is a National Historic Landmark. It was damaged by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and its condition is threatened. It is marked Battery Millar on some maps. Fort Jackson is situated approximately south of New Orleans on the western bank of the Mississippi, approximately south of Triumph, Louisiana. The older Fort St. Philip is located opposite of Fort Jackson on the eastern bank; this West Bank fort was constructed after the War of 1812 on the advice of Andrew Jackson, for whom it is named. The fort was occupied off and on for various military purposes from its completion until after World War I, when it served as a training station. It is now a National Historic Landmark and historical museum owned and operated by Plaquemines Parish. Fort Jackson was the site of the Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip from April 16 to April 28, 1862, during the American Civil War. The Confederate-controlled fort was besieged for 12 days by the fleet of U.S. Navy Flag Officer David Farragut. Fort Jackson fell on April 28 after the Union fleet bombarded it and then sailed past its guns. A mutiny against the officers and conditions then occurred and the fort fell to the Union. Union forces then went on to capture New Orleans. Following the engagement, Fort Jackson was used as a Union prison. It was here that the French champagne magnate Charles Heidsieck was held for seven months on charges of spying. The fort was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It has been owned by Plaquemines Parish since 1962. In the 1960s, Leander Perez threatened to turn Fort St. Philip into a prison for advocates of desegregation (\"outside agitators\") who entered the Parish. The fort site was later opened as a park. The fort was badly damaged by Hurricane Katrina's storm surge in 2005. Between Katrina and Hurricane Rita the following month, much of the fort sat under water for up to six weeks. Many of the historic exhibits in the fort were destroyed, and the fort itself suffered structural damage. The fort was used to treat oily birds in the early weeks of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The treatment facility was moved on July 4, 2010, to Hammond, Louisiana, in order to make it less vulnerable to hurricanes." ]

[ "Gary Wigham Gary Wigham (born 27 May 1961) is a former English cricketer. Wigham was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Seaham, County Durham. Wigham played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1991, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Hertfordshire. Durham were granted first-class status at the end of the 1991 season. Unlike many players, Wigham was retained by the county, but went on to make just a single List A appearance against Essex in the Sunday League. He didn't bat in this match, but with the ball he took the wicket of John Stephenson for the cost of 43 runs from 8 overs." ]

[ "Ramsey Lake State Recreation Area Ramsey Lake State Recreation Area is a state park located in Fayette County, Illinois, United States. The nearest town is Ramsey, Illinois, and the park is adjacent to U.S. Highway 51. The park is managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) manages Ramsey Lake State Recreation Area (SRA) for a variety of active recreational uses, including boating, fishing, and hunting. The park centers on \"Ramsey Lake\", a long, artificial reservoir begun in 1947. The reservoir is named after Ramsey Creek, a tributary of the Kaskaskia River. Before the creation of the state park, this parcel of property was called the \"Old Fox Chase Grounds\"; and Ramsey Lake occupies a valley named \"Fox Hunt Hollow\" in honor of the annual fox hunts that were hosted here by the Central Illinois Foxhunter's Association. Hunting today centers on whitetail deer, which are hunted by bow only, upland birds such as mourning doves, pheasants, quail, and wild turkey, and small game such as coyotes, raccoons, and squirrels. Ramsey Lake is stocked with largemouth bass, bluegill, catfish, crappie, and sunfish. There is a power limit on the lake (electric motors only). The state park also contains six small fishing ponds and 24 small vernal ponds and patches of non-fishing wetland managed for frogs and other amphibia. Other outdoor recreation opportunities are provided by a network of state park trails, headed by the Equestrian Trail and the Old Fox Chase Grounds Trail. A disjunct land parcel, the \"Ramsey Railroad Prairie\", is managed by IDNR from the nearby state recreation area. Currently, the railroad prairie is a strip of land of in length and in width, running north-and-south adjacent to Township Road 750E. It is classified by IDNR as dry-mesic and mesic prairie. Historically, the prairie grows on a strip of land originally granted to the Illinois Central Railroad in 1850 to construct what was planned to be the railroad's central Illinois main line from Centralia, Illinois to Peru, Illinois. The economic boom of the 1850s in Chicago caused the Illinois Central's Chicago spur line to supplant the railroad's original main line. The Centralia-Peru line was eventually de-emphasized and abandoned. The railroad prairie was dedicated as an Illinois Natural Area in October 1997." ]

[ "Iron Corporal The Iron Corporal is a fictional character appearing in comic books. He was first as a recurring character in Charlton Comics' war comics line, and briefly in his own comic book titled The Iron Corporal. His first appearance was in \"Army War Heroes\" #22 in 1967. The stories, mostly written by Willi Franz and drawn by Sam Glanzman (one story was written by Charles Nicholas and drawn by Vince Alascia), revolved around Ian Heath, an American corporal fighting with the Australian army in the Southwest Pacific during World War II. The Iron Corporal's back story includes having his ribs replaced with an iron rib cage. The stories are only loosely connected and depict the struggles of infantrymen in war." ]

[ "Upsalquitch River The River Upsalquitch is a tributary of the South bank of the Restigouche River, flowing in Restigouche County, in the northwest of New Brunswick, in Canada. Upsalquitch River originates at the confluence of the Upsalquitch Southeast River and Upsalquitch Northwest River in Restigouche County. This confluence is located north of the Caribou Mountain, in the locality designated \"Upsalquitch Forks\". This source is located at southeast of the confluence of the river Upsalquitch. Higher Courses of the river (segment of ) From the confluence of the Upsalquitch Southeast River, Upsalquitch river flows: Lower course of the river () Upsalquitch River empties into a river curve on the south bank of the Restigouche River; the latest defines in this sector the border between New Brunswick and Quebec. Upsalquitch Island which is located at the confluence of the river Upsalquitch, faces the Harmony camp. This confluence is located at downstream of \"Greens Island\"." ]

[ "Isle of Flowers Isle of Flowers () is a 1989 Brazilian short film by Jorge Furtado. It tracks the path of a tomato from grower to the child who collects it as food from a dump with the help of voiceover and a collection of illustrative images. The director stated the film was inspired by the works of Kurt Vonnegut and Alain Resnais, among others. The film has been denounced as \"materialistic\" because one of its early credits displays the phrase \"God doesn't exist\". Nevertheless, critic Jean-Claude Bernardet defined \"Isle of Flowers\" \"a religious film\", and the Brazilian National Bishop Confederation awarded the film with the Margarida de Prata (Silver Daisy), calling it \"the best Brazilian film of the year\" in 1990. In 1995, \"Isle of Flowers\" was chosen by the European critics as one of the 100 most important short films of the century. A constant and verbose off-narrator guides the viewer through the life of a tomato. Beginning at Mr Suzuki's tomato field, the tomato is then sold to a supermarket, where it is acquired by Mrs Anete, a perfume salesperson, together with some pork. Each exchange requires the presence of money, which is, together with the tomato, the constant element in the story. Mrs Anete intends to prepare a tomato sauce for the pork, but, having considered one of Mr Suzuki's tomatoes inadequate, she throws it in the garbage. Together with the rest of the garbage, the tomato is taken to Isle of Flowers (Ilha das Flores), Porto Alegre's landfill. There, the organic material considered adequate is selected as food for pigs. The rest, which is considered inadequate for the pigs, is given to poor women and children to eat. The scene of the perfume factory was actually shot in a high school laboratory (Colégio Anchieta). Since its release, \"Isle of Flowers\" has become one of the most acclaimed pseudo-documentary short films of all time. For a number of years, users of the Internet Movie Database voted it the best Brazilian short film and documentary film ever made. \"Isle of Flowers\" was very well received by film festivals all over the world when first released. It won a Silver Bear for Best Short Feature at the 1990 Berlin Film Festival as well as nine awards at the 1989 Gramado Film Festival, including for Best Short Film." ]

[ "Triple-A World Series The Triple-A World Series was an infrequently held contest featuring the champions of each Triple-A level minor league of Major League Baseball, with the intent of crowning an overall champion of Triple-A Baseball. The first Series was held in 1983 as a round-robin tournament. It was revived as a best-of-five series from 1998 to 2000. The first Triple-A World Series was held in 1983 as a round robin tournament featuring the champions of each of the International League (IL), the American Association (AA), and the Pacific Coast League (PCL). The Tidewater Tides (IL) won the 1983 series, 3-1, against the PCL's Portland Beavers and the AA's Denver Bears. This was only a one-time event, and there was not another post-season meeting of these minor leagues until 1988 when the International League and the American Association held the first Triple-A Classic. A revived Triple-A World Series was held from 1998 to 2000 between the International League and the Pacific Coast League, after the realignment of Triple-A from three leagues to two. It matched Triple-A Baseball's two league champions in a best-of-five series to determine an overall Triple-A Champion. The Series, was played at Cashman Field in Las Vegas, Nevada during the third week of September and was televised live, worldwide, on ESPN2. The event was a sponsorship success, with companies such as the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, The Money Store, Cox Communications, and the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino using the event as a springboard for a promotion presence in all 30 Triple-A markets. Additional hospitality events, such as dinner cruises, Las Vegas shows, cocktail parties, and golf outings, made the event memorable for sponsors, fans, players, and executives alike. Just a few months after apparently sealing the deal on a revised version of the Triple-A World Series for 2001, it was announced the event would be placed on indefinite hiatus. Sparse attendance was a problem; games were held on weekdays. The final series in 2000 even included two games played at noon in 100-degree heat. Fans of the participating teams had insufficient time to arrange plans to attend the event. During the 2000 event, average paid attendance hit a three-year low of 2,311. Despite efforts by the Las Vegas convention bureau, it wasn't an easy task to get vacationers and conventioneers away from the casinos and into the ballpark to watch players of whom they may have never heard. ESPN2's television ratings for the 2000 series were low, especially when compared to the night games of the first two years when the time difference caused the games to air too late at night for most fans on the East Coast. At the end of the original three-year deal, a new plan was hastily hammered out to buy the event time to work out a better situation for 2002. It was decided that the event would be cut from a five-day midweek event to a best-of-three series to be played Friday through Sunday. It was hoped that this arrangement would allow baseball fans from all over to make plans for a brief and enjoyable vacation in advance. Meanwhile, plans also were in the works to try to move the event to a new site in 2002. Options initially included Cooperstown, New York, home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. That proposal was supported by the IL owners, but shot down by those of the PCL. Despite the attraction of baseball history and charm, Doubleday Field was small, old, had no lights, and fell well below Triple-A standards. Other ideas included allowing venues to bid on the event on a year-by-year basis, or finding a way to move the event to the two home parks of the teams involved. The latter idea was the one that has been most ardently embraced by players, fans, and the PCL. But it also posed the most logistical problems because of the lack of preparation time, especially for a three-game series that could include teams from opposite corners of the country. There was also hostility from the major leagues regarding the series because it would interfere with late-season pennant races and draw attention away from them in terms of television viewer attendance and, especially, player availability. After the final Triple-A World Series in 2000, the International League and the Pacific Coast League returned to ending their seasons after the crowning of their champions. The two leagues began contesting a new, single game, Triple-A interleague championship in 2006 called the Triple-A National Championship Game. The three league champions in 1983 were the Tidewater Tides of the International League, the Denver Bears of the American Association, and the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League. Tidewater had defeated the Richmond Braves, 3 games to 1, to win their league's championship, the Governors' Cup. Denver defeated the Louisville Redbirds, 4 games to 0, to win their league title, and Portland swept the Albuquerque Dukes in 3 games to take the PCL crown. Held in Louisville, Kentucky, Tidewater ended up winning the tournament and the World Series, with a 3–1 round robin record. With a 2–2 record, Portland finished second, and Denver finished at 1–3 in third place. This format for a post-season champsionship was not repeated, and this was the last time all three leagues faced each other in the same season.", "This format for a post-season champsionship was not repeated, and this was the last time all three leagues faced each other in the same season. Buffalo defeated the Durham Bulls, 3 games to 2, to advance to the World Series, and New Orleans defeated the Calgary Cannons, 3 games to 2, to advance. The New Orleans Zephyrs hit eight home runs to defeat the Buffalo Bisons, 3 games to 1, in this battle of former American Association rivals. Left-hander John Halama went the distance for the Zephyrs in Game One, striking out nine, and Daryle Ward hit a pair of home runs as New Orleans won the inaugural game. James Betzold, Phil Hiatt, and Jeff Manto each had a pair of RBIs as the Bisons evened the series with a Game Two victory. Ken Ramos and Marc Ronan hit back-to-back homers in the bottom of the eighth inning of Game Three as New Orleans rallied for a 3–2 victory. Lance Berkman drove in six runs on three home runs and a single, while Casey Candaele scored three runs as the New Orleans Zephyrs won Game Four to win the inaugural Las Vegas Triple-A World Series. Manto had three hits and three RBI in a losing effort. Charlotte defeated the Durham Bulls, 3 games to 1, to advance to the World Series and Vancouver defeated the Oklahoma RedHawks, 3 games to 1, to advance. The Vancouver franchise capped its final season in Canada with a Triple-A World Series Title defeating the Charlotte Knights in 5 games. Eric Christopherson drove in Chad Mottola in the bottom of the ninth inning to lead Charlotte in a Game One victory. Terrence Long drove in three runs as the Canadians tied the series with a 5–4 Game Two win. Jon Garland struck out eight, allowing no earned runs, and Jeff Abbott, Jeff Liefer, and Luis Raven homered as the Knights won Game Three, 4–2. Jeff Ball, Mario Encarnacion, and Long each drove in two runs as Vancouver scored two in the bottom of the eighth inning to win Game Four, 9–7. Tilson Brito had a pair of homers for Charlotte. Behind Mark Mulder's complete game seven-hitter in Game Five, Vancouver blasted Charlotte 16–2 to win the second annual Triple-A World Series. Long drove in 4 runs, while José Ortiz and Roberto Vaz had 3 RBIs apiece for the Canadians. Indianapolis defeated the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons, 3 games to 2, to advance to the World Series and Memphis defeated the Salt Lake Buzz, 3 games to 1, to advance. The Indianapolis Indians became the first IL club to capture a Las Vegas Triple-A World Series Championship, topping Memphis in 4 games. Lyle Mouton totaled four RBI as Indianapolis rolled to an 8–3 Game One victory. Game Two was as climactic as any in Triple-A World Series history. Memphis tied the score in the top of the ninth off IL All-Star closer Bob Scanlan, but the Tribe's Creighton Gubanich led off the bottom of the frame with a walk-off home run to give Indianapolis a 3–2 win and 2–0 series lead. Memphis climbed back into the series with a Game Three win, as Larry Sutton hit two home runs to help the Redbirds erase an early two-run deficit. Indianapolis ace left-hander Horacio Estrada pitched a gem for the Tribe in Game Four, allowing two runs in the first inning, then holding Memphis scoreless for the next seven frames as the Indians won the series with a 9–2 victory." ]

[ "Yogi Huyghebaert Delwood Frederick \"Yogi\" Huyghebaert, O.M.M., C.D. (Lt Colonel-Ret) (May 27, 1944 – August 2, 2018) was a Canadian politician, who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 2000 to 2016, representing the riding of Wood River as a member of the Saskatchewan Party. Prior to his election to public office, he was a Fighter pilot in the Canadian Forces. His most notable duty was as commander of the Snowbirds Air Demonstration Team – 431 Squadron. In 1986, he was made an Officer of the Order of Military Merit. In 1997, he ran for the leadership of the fledgling Saskatchewan Party. He finished 3rd among three candidates. In 1999, in his first run at public office, he narrowly lost election in the Wood River constituency as the Saskatchewan Party candidate. On election night, he tied Liberal candidate Glen McPherson. The returning officer cast the deciding vote in favour of McPherson. This result was later thrown out in court and a by-election was ordered. McPherson did not run and Huyghebaert then won a resounding victory. He was re-elected in 2003, 2007, and 2011. On May 29, 2009, Huyghebaert was appointed to cabinet by Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall in the role of minister of Corrections, Public Safety and Policing. Huyghebaert retired from politics after the 2016 election. He died on August 2, 2018." ]

[ "Adam Steuart Adam Steuart (Stuart, Stewart) (1591–1654) was a Scottish philosopher and controversialist. He became professor at the Academy of Saumur in 1617. He was in London in the year 1644. where he engaged in propaganda for the Presbyterians against the Independents. The first attack on the \"Apologeticall Narration\" of the Five Dissenting Brethren was Steuart's. The \"Second Part of the Duply to M. S. alias Two Brethren\" addressed the issue of religious tolerance, which he classed with depravity. It was answered by John Goodwin. Steuart is mentioned (as A. S.) in John Milton's poem \"On the New Forcers of Conscience under the Long Parliament\", a caudate sonnet, along with Samuel Rutherford and Thomas Edwards (and, implicitly, Robert Baillie). In 1644 he took up a position as Professor of Physics at the University of Leiden . With Jacobus Triglandius and Jacobus Revius he attacked Cartesianism there. In what is now known as the Leiden Crisis, coming to a head in 1647, he opposed Adriaan Heereboord, over whom he had been brought in, and presided at a rowdy debate with the Leiden Cartesian Johannes de Raey. René Descartes himself commented on Steuart, in \"Notae in Programma Quoddam\" (1648), to which Steuart replied in \"Notae in notas nobilissimi cujusdam viri in ipsius theses de Deo\" (1648). Steuart's party, the proponents of continuing to teach along the lines of Aristotelian philosophy, won a temporary victory. He was attacked by the theologian Samuel Maresius, during further controversy, as heterodox. He died in Leiden. ." ]

[ "David Beckham Academy The David Beckham Academy was a football school founded by England international David Beckham in 2005. In 2009 it operated in two locations: in London, United Kingdom, and in Los Angeles, California, United States. The academy pulled out of the London site at the end of the lease in October 2009, and the California branch closed soon after. Further Academy sites were planned at Cabo São Roque near Natal, Brazil, and in Asia. Consideration was also given in 2007 to opening an Academy in Manchester. The Academy is said to have been inspired by Beckham's attendance as a boy at the Bobby Charlton Soccer School. Wanting to give later generations of children the same experience, he put his name to two facilities in 2005. The Academy in London was situated on the Greenwich Peninsula in east Greenwich, close to The O and North Greenwich Underground station. Its temporary building was opened on 28 November 2005, with backing from the Anschutz Entertainment Group and sponsorship from Volkswagen Group and Adidas. Its indoor arena housed two full-sized, artificially turfed pitches, alongside an education and administration centre, and a sports medical centre. Its \"likely\" closure was announced on 27 November 2009, replaced by a mobile academy which could travel around the UK and further afield. Despite the millionaire player's backing, the London Academy's closure included redundancies among coaching and support staff, and deprived hundreds of children (including Beckham's niece and two nephews) from east and south-east London of their football training. The facility was subsequently known as The London Soccerdome and used for football coaching though run by a different organisation. It closed in October 2014, with the site to be redeveloped into housing, and the dome structure being dismantled and re-erected in Southend as part of the Fossetts Farm Stadium for Southend United Football Club. The Los Angeles Academy was based at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California, on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills, which is a $150 million multi-sport facility built on of land (and home of Major League Soccer (MLS) team the Los Angeles Galaxy).The California branch also closed in late 2009. In 2009, the 'David Beckham Academy' brand was extended to a range of books about football. The London Academy provided seventeen, three- or five-day programmes for boys and girls aged 8–15 years. It also ran a schools programme that consisted of a training day linked with Key Stage 2 and 3 learning (up to 2009, over 10,000 children had taken part in this programme). An after-schools programme (the 7/23 Club) was provided on Saturday mornings for children aged 3–7, and on Monday and Thursday evenings for 8-15 year-olds. The Los Angeles Academy ran a 7/23 Club on Saturday mornings for boys and girls aged 4–7 years, and three- and five-day courses during school holidays." ]

[ "Carlos Agassi Amir Carlos Damaso Vahidi Agassi (born December 12, 1979 in Makati City, Philippines), popularly known as Carlos Agassi and simply Amir, is a Filipino actor, TV host, rap artist, and model. He was launched as a member of ABS-CBN's Star Circle (now Star Magic) Batch 3 in 1993. Agassi is a member of ABS CBN's circle of homegrown talents named Star Magic. He was part of a male group dubbed as \"The Hunks\" together with Piolo Pascual, Jericho Rosales, Diether Ocampo, and Bernard Palanca. During his tenure as part of The Hunks, he has been a primetime actor when he co-starred with Claudine Barretto in the hit teleserye \"Sa Dulo Ng Walang Hanggan\" which ran from 2001 to 2003. Aside from acting, he had hosting stints in the variety show \"ASAP\" and also hosted a hidden camera practical joke television series entitled \"Victim\", patterned on America's \"Punk'd\". After an almost two-year hiatus from acting, Agassi returned on television via ABS-CBN's \"Agua Bendita\" in 2010 where he played as one of the primary antagonists. In 2014, Agassi appeared in GMA's Elemento. Agassi has been a victim of numerous death hoax claiming that he had died due to alleged anabolic steroid abuse and that prior to his rumored death, Agassi had undergone dialysis procedure with the reason being on a kidney failure. The rumors had been proven false by Agassi himself. Agassi stated in an interview that his buff physique is a product of physical workout since the age of 16. Given the moniker \"The Prince of (Philippine) Rap\", Agassi was met with criticism by the likes of veteran rappers Loonie, D-Coy of Madd Poets and Krazykyle of Rapskallion. He even filed a case against D-Coy and Krazykyle in 2006 and demanded the pulling of copies of the album \"United Freestyle v.2\" where the lyrics of songs \"Right Now\" (D-Coy) and \"No Album Got Skills\" (Krazykyle) contain the lines \"\"Ang dapat sa'yo mag-disappear tulad ng showbiz na si Amir\"\" and \"\"I destroy emcees more than your eyes can see, don't battle me I'll make you look like Carlos Agassi\"\" respectively. The case, however, was quietly settled. In response to criticism, he together with award-winning rapper Gloc 9 and Mitchell Silonga released a single entitled \"Alay Ko\" in 2009, a song about Agassi's thoughts on destructive criticisms. Agassi went a hiatus in showbiz sometime in mid 2000s to finish his degree in Psychology at De La Salle University. He also ventured into the restaurant business and opened Brasas, a Latin-American inspired restaurant in Metro Manila. Agassi also has his own recording studio called \"Amir Carlos Agassi, Inc.\" where he releases his rap music and collaborates with other artists. Agassi's younger brother Michael is an actor and is married to actress Cherry Lou. His other brother Aaron is both an actor and singer. Agassi was previously engaged to model and \"Pinoy Big Brother\" housemate Margo Midwinter. The couple called off the engagement in 2013. Agassi is now in a relationship with actress Gwen Garci." ]

[ "Antonio José Martínez Antonio José Martínez (January 17, 1793 – July 27, 1867) was a New Mexican priest, educator, publisher, rancher, farmer, community leader, and politician. He lived through and influenced three distinct periods of New Mexico's history: the Spanish period, the Mexican period, and the American occupation and subsequent territorial period. Martínez appears as a character in Willa Cather's novel, \"Death Comes for the Archbishop\". Martínez was born Antonio José Martín in Abiquiu in 1793, when New Mexico was a very isolated and desolate territory of the Spanish Empire. In 1804, the Martín family, including his father Severino and five siblings, moved to Taos, a prosperous outpost, where they came to be known as Martínez. His mother was María del Carmel Santistévan of La Plaza de Santa Rosa de Abiquiú. During his upbringing, Martínez's father taught him the importance of ranching and farming at the Hacienda Martínez in Northern New Mexico. In 1811, Martínez married María de la Luz, who died giving birth to their daughter less than a year later, when he was 19. Their child was named in honor of María de la Luz. Six years later Martínez moved south after much thought and correspondence with the Bishop of Durango. He decided to travel there in 1817, and become a priest, enrolling in the Tridentine Seminary of the Diocese of Durango. Martínez not only excelled at the seminary but also in understanding the ideals of liberal Mexican politicians and teachers of his day, including Miguel Hidalgo. After six years, Martínez was ordained, and he returned to New Mexico, where after a few years in other parishes, he became the parish priest of Taos, and from then on was known as Padre Martínez. In 1841, the newly formed Republic of Texas recognized the difficulties New Mexico was facing and decided to take advantage of them by sending an expedition to invade New Mexico and possibly annex the territory. The invasion failed, and the Texans were captured by Manuel Armijo. This event, in addition to the numerous Americans already living in New Mexico, led many to believe that New Mexico had weakened and become ready for invasion. The Mexican–American War began in 1846. Stephen W. Kearny led 1,700 American troops into Santa Fe without encountering any resistance. Before the invasion, Martínez had witnessed the animosity towards Native Americans and Mexicans displayed by the Anglos living in New Mexico. He encouraged his students to study law and it was to them he delivered his famous quote, \"The American government resembles a burro; but on this burro lawyers will ride, not priests.\" Within a year of the American occupation, the Taos Revolt occurred. Charles Bent, the newly appointed American governor of New Mexico, was assassinated in the uprising. American forces quickly regained power, instituted martial law, and executed the rebels involved. Many, including Kit Carson, believed Martínez himself took part in some way in instigating the rebellion, but nothing has been proven. In a letter to a friend in Santa Fe, Martínez stated that the American reprisals were too harsh and would hinder future relations between New Mexico and its new rulers. Despite the problems, Martínez was able to adjust to the administration and for seven years played a dominant role in the conventions and legislative sessions of the new Territory. With the new government came new leadership, both political and religious. Jean Baptiste Lamy, a Frenchman nearly 21 years younger than Martínez, became the vicar apostolic of Santa Fe in 1851. Martínez supported Lamy until January 1854 when Lamy issued a letter instituting mandatory tithing and decreeing that heads of families that failed to tithe be denied the sacraments. Martínez publicly protested the letter and openly contested it in the secular press. From then on, Lamy and Martínez clashed over many issues, such as the effects of frontier life on Catholic standards, and women’s issues. The two also argued over interpretations of canon law. The situation culminated when Lamy wrote a letter explaining that he felt New Mexicans faced a sad future because they didn't have the intellectual liveliness of Americans and their morals were primitive. These comments outraged New Mexicans. The clergy of New Mexico wrote a letter directly to the Pope, expressing their concern about Lamy. Martínez was not involved in the letter but continued to write communiques criticizing Lamy for the \"Santa Fe Gazette\". In early 1856, Martínez offered his conditional resignation, but admitted his parishioners in Taos, New Mexico to his private chapel in his home and ministered to them from there. On October 27, 1856 Lamy suspended Martínez. In response, Martínez antagonized the pastor that Lamy sent in his place, persuaded a neighboring priest of his goals and gained the allegiance of approximately a third of the parishioners in the two parishes. Finally, in April 1858, Lamy excommunicated Martínez. Martínez never recognized the validity of the excommunication, and continued to minister to his supporters until his death. Martínez also continued to write about Christianity, publishing his famous work, \"Religión\", in which he called for small honoraria for priests in New Mexico, because of the heavy demands associated with New Mexico's isolation. He also explained the problem of denying sacraments to individuals because of their financial status. Lastly, he condemned the Inquisition and all the actions associated with it, including the many excommunications.", "Lastly, he condemned the Inquisition and all the actions associated with it, including the many excommunications. Father Antonio José Martínez died on July 27, 1867. Infirm and aged beyond his years, Martínez lived the last ten years of his life estranged from Bishop Jean Baptiste Lamy. By the spring of 1858, Bishop Lamy felt compelled to excommunicate Martínez not for moral failings, but for his \"scandalous writings.\" Bishop Lamy wrote his denunciation of Martínez in the marginal notes of the Baptism and Funeral Register of Our Lady of Guadalupe Church where he had served since 1826. The writings in La Gaceta of Santa Fe were a critique of the Bishop's re-introduction of the system of tithing that Martínez since 1829 successfully advocated the government revoke. In 1826, he established a coed elementary school; in 1833 a seminary from which 16 men were ordained to the priesthood; and in 1846 a law school that graduated many of the earliest lawyers and politicians of the Territory of New Mexico. He produced a speller for the children of his family members, and later obtained the first printing press in New Mexico. In 1838, he published his autobiography on his press, and the following year published the first book printed in New Mexico, a bilingual ritual—Latin and Spanish. He published only six issues of the newspaper called El Crepúsculo de Libertad; published religious/devotional tracts and texts for his elementary school, seminary, and law school. Martínez was a licensed attorney turned politician, and served five times under the Republic of Mexico on the legislature of the Departamento de Nuevo Mexico, and six times for the Territory of New Mexico under the United States. He was married before he became a priest: his wife died in childbirth, and his daughter died at the young age of 12. Even after ordination, Martínez had other children that he recognized as heirs in his Last Will and Testament. His eldest was Santiago Valdez (b. 1830) who wrote his 1877 biography, and the second to the youngest was Vicente Ferrer Romero (b. 1844) who became an effective evangelizer for the Presbyterian Church. Martínez has been accused of instigating the Chimayó Rebellion of 1837 and the Taos Revolt of 1847 with its concomitant assassination of Governor Charles Bent, but this is unlikely. After his tension and controversies with Bishop Lamy, it seems he flirted with becoming an Anglican. However. he remained staunchly Roman Catholic as his Last Will and Testament testifies. In his Last Will, Martínez expressed a desire not to have a public ceremony, nevertheless there was a large funeral ceremony for him. Martínez requested to be buried in his Oratorio, dedicated to La Purísima Concepción, contiguous to and on the west-side of his residence. This request was honored, and so he was buried in his own Oratorio that he had built on his property. A quarter century later in 1891, his body was moved about two miles east the American Cemetery. The land, originally owned by Martínez, was deeded to Theodora Romero, and then came into possession of the Kit Carson park and cemetery in Taos. Inscribed on the Martínez tombstone are the words, \"\"La Honra de su País\"\" (\"The Honor of his Homeland\"). Martínez's peers in the Territorial Legislature pronounced this encomium in 1867, the year of his death. Sculptor Huberto Maestas of San Luis, Colorado sculpted the larger than life-sized bronze memorial of Martínez unveiled at Taos Plaza on July 16, 2006. When Santa Anna became the President of Mexico in 1833, he intentionally began to centralize and departmentalize the Mexican government. Santa Anna also began to impose harsher taxes in New Mexico, which sparked a rebellion in the northern part of the province. In 1837, the rebels, mostly poorer ranchers and farmers, captured Santa Fe, killed governor Albino Pérez, and installed their own governor, José Gonzales. The leaders of the rebellion were divided on their goals and soon factionalized. American merchants and traders within New Mexico were uncomfortable about the new government and funded a Mexican army led by Manuel Armijo to put down the uprising. The Martínez family had grown wealthy through trade and would have become a critical subject had the rebellion survived. Martínez not only helped fund the Mexican army, but also offered his services to Armijo as chaplain of the army until the termination of the revolt in early 1838, when the old administration was restored with Armijo as governor. Upon suppression of the rebellion, Armijo ordered the execution of José Gonzales, but not before directing Martínez: \"\"Padre Martĺnez, confiese á este genĺzaro para que le dén cinco balazos\"\" (\"Father Martĺnez, hear this genizaro's confession so that he may be shot five times\"). Martínez heard Gonzales's confession and then handed him over to Armijo. Following Mexican independence from Spain, Church authorities in Mexico withdrew the Franciscan, Dominican and Jesuit missionaries from its provinces. In 1832, the last of the Franciscan regional authorities authorized Padre Martínez to supervise the Penitente brotherhood, a type of folk Catholicism that had developed among the Hispano New Mexicans. In addition to offering spiritual and social aid to the community, the Penitentes engaged in such ascetic practices as flagellation and the carrying of heavy crosses. Bishop Lamy unsuccessfully attempted to suppress the brotherhood as a part of the \"Americanization\" of the Church in New Mexico.", "Bishop Lamy unsuccessfully attempted to suppress the brotherhood as a part of the \"Americanization\" of the Church in New Mexico. Padre Martínez championed the Penitente cause, putting him squarely at odds with Lamy. Charles Bent’s statement about the \"greate literary Martinez\" and similar comments are sarcastic. Bent felt a strong antipathy toward Padre Antonio José Martínez who opposed his ambition to acquire the Guadalupe-Miranda (Beaubien) Land Grant / Maxwell Land Grant. Padre Martinez insisted that the extremely large territory, over 1.7 million acres including what is today Philmont Scout Ranch, remain common grazing grounds the inhabitants of New Mexico since time immemorial used for their cattle. In the early 1830s Charles Bent, together with his brother William, founded a fort on the Arkansas River (the Spanish called it Rio Napiste) in what is today's southern Colorado. The river marked the southern boundary between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain since the Otis-Anin Treaty of 1819. A couple of years later—after Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821—the river became the northern boundary of the Republic of Mexico with the United States. Bent’s Fort was, therefore, located at a very strategic place for international commerce. It became a headquarters for French Canadian and American fur trappers and traders who—through the American Fur Company—successfully exported beaver pelts, in the form of top hats, to the salons of Paris and London. In the spring or early summer of 1846, during the time of US-Mexican War, Charles Bent visited Colonel Stephen W. Kearny, leader of the Army of the West at Forth Leavenworth, Kansas. Together with a large contingent of his army, Kearny gathered at Bent's Fort by the end of June in preparation to march on Santa Fe on behalf of the Government of the United States to take possession of New Mexico that belonged to the Republic of Mexico. Padre Martinez, the priest of Taos, had been a Mexican nationalist. He had been ordained a priest in Durango, Mexico a year after Mexican Independence, and considered Padre Miguel Hidalgo (Father of Mexican Independence) a hero and mentor. At the same time, he considered George Washington as another of his hero-mentors. Padre Martinez appreciated the ideals spelled out in the American Constitution and Bill of Rights. Although Padre Martinez had resisted U.S. encroachment into New Mexico since the early 1840s, he eventually came to believe that New Mexico would be better off under the flag of the United States. Before coming into Santa Fe, Kearny was aware that Padre Martinez was the main religious and political leader in northern New Mexico and throughout the whole region. Kearny, ironically, dispatched Captain Bent with a dozen soldiers to escort Padre Martinez and his brothers from Taos to Santa Fe in order to pledge allegiance to the American Flag. Because of their convictions, and in order to attempt avoiding bloodshed in the civil transfer of power, they willingly complied, thus becoming the first inhabitants of New Mexico to become citizens of the United States. Moreover, Colonel Kearny asked Padre Martinez to borrow his Ramage printing press on which the Padre had published New Mexico's first book, a newspaper, as well as religious and educational materials. The Padre lent the press to the Colonel soon-to-be promoted to Brigadier General, and Kearny used it to publish his Code of Laws. The quote attributed to Padre Martinez about the clergyman/attorney riding the burrow is from an 1877 unpublished manuscript by Santiago Valdez in Spanish belonging to the Ritch Collection housed at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, near Los Angeles: Biografia del Presbítero Antonio José Martínez, Cura de Taos. Padre Martinez made the statement in September 1846, a few weeks after General Stephen Watts Kearny, on August 18 and in the name of the United States of America, occupied Santa Fe and all of New Mexico." ]

[ "Gino Watkins Henry George \"Gino\" Watkins FRGS (29 January 1907 – c. 20 August 1932) was a British Arctic explorer and nephew of Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell. Born in London, he was educated at Lancing College and acquired a love of mountaineering and the outdoors from his father through holidays in the Alps, the Tyrol and the English Lake District. He became interested in polar exploration while studying at the University of Cambridge under the tutelage of James Wordie and organised his first expedition, to Edgeøya, in the summer of 1927. Watkins also learnt to fly, as one of the first members of the Cambridge University Air Squadron. In 1928-9, Watkins made an expedition to Labrador, where he established a base at North West River and explored much previously unmapped territory, including Snegamook Lake. However, his most important expedition was the British Arctic Air Route Expedition of 1930–31. Watkins led a team of fourteen men to survey the east coast of Greenland and monitor weather conditions there, the information being needed for a planned air route from England to Winnipeg. In addition to meeting these aims, the expedition discovered the Skaergaard intrusion, and Watkins and two companions, Percy Lemon and Augustine Courtauld, made an open boat journey of around the King Frederick VI Coast in the south of Greenland. The expedition won Watkins the 1932 Founder's Medal from the Royal Geographical Society, and brought him international fame. In addition, one of the members of Watkins' expedition, Augustine Courtauld, solo-manned a meteorological observation post in the interior of the Greenland ice pack during the 1930–31 winter, generating the first data set from this previously inaccessible location. The expedition also included as ski expert and naturalist Freddie Spencer Chapman, who would later gain fame as a soldier in Japanese-occupied Malaya. Watkins next attempted to organise an expedition to cross Antarctica, but in the depths of the Great Depression finance proved impossible to raise. Instead he returned to Greenland in 1932 with a small team on the East Greenland Expedition to continue the work of his air route expedition. On 20 August he went hunting for seals in his kayak in Tuttilik (Tugtilik Fjord) and did not return. Later that day, his empty kayak was found floating upside down by his companions. His body was never found. In 1932 he was awarded the Hans Egede Medal by the Royal Danish Geographical Society. Watkins is also commemorated by the \"Gino Watkins Memorial Fund\", managed by the Royal Geographical Society and the University of Cambridge, which provides grants for polar exploration. Watkins Island, a sub-Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, commemorates Watkins. The Watkins Range, Greenland's highest mountain range, bears his name." ]

[ "Phou Bia Phou Bia (Lao: ພູເບັ້ຍ) is the highest mountain in Laos and is located in the Annamese Cordillera, at the southern limit of the Xiangkhoang Plateau in Xiangkhouang Province. Owing to its altitude, the climate is cold and the area around the mountain is mostly cloudy. Although no snow has been reported for decades, it is documented that as late as the first years of the 20th century, snow fell occasionally on its top. On 10 April 1970, an Air America C-130A aircraft crashed into the mountain. The area is remote, covered with jungle, and has been used by Hmong guerilla soldiers. In the 1970s, ca 60,000 Hmong supporting FAC operations took refuge at the Phou Bia massif. There have been reports of smaller Hmong hideouts in the area as recently as 2006. Phou Bia rises in a restricted military area near the abandoned Long Chen air base, and for this reason sees extremely few outside visitors. Unexploded ordnance further complicates access. As of July 2008, there had been no known ascent by a non-Lao person for at least 30 years." ]

[ "Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) () heads the Election Commission of Bangladesh, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections. The appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh and other Election Commissioners (if any) is made by the President. Under the Constitution the term of office of any Election Commissioner is five years from the date on which he enters upon office. A person who has held office as Chief Election Commissioner is not eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic. Any other Election Commissioner is, on ceasing to hold such office, eligible for appointment as Chief Election Commissioner, but is not eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic. In addition to their duties and functions as an election commissioner, the chief election commissioner acts as chairperson of the commission. The following have held the post of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh." ]

[ "Mormon Mountains The Mormon Mountains are located in Lincoln and Clark counties in Nevada, between 16 and northwest of Mesquite on I–15 in the Virgin Valley, east of the Meadow Valley Mountains and Meadow Valley and northeast of Moapa Valley. The highest point in the range is Mormon Peak, at above sea level. Another smaller mountain range lies to the east, called the East Mormon Mountains. The south fork of the Toquop Wash drains the east side of the range and continues on through the N–S linear ridge of the East Mormon Mountains. The mountains fall under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and cover approximately . The Mormon Mountains are home to several different species of lizards, and ground snakes, toads and bullfrogs can be found in the region. The lower elevations of the range are mostly shrublands, but at higher elevations one can find \"pygmy conifers\" and single-leaf pinyon pines, in the Pinyon-juniper woodland plant community. The area is characterized by very low rainfall, receiving less than per year, on average. The range was named for the fact a share of the first settlers were Mormons. A variant name is \"Mormon Range\". As part of the Lincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act signed into law on 30 November 2004, in the area were designated as wilderness. The wilderness is managed by the BLM through their Ely District office." ]

[ "Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen or GBGV is a dog breed from France. The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen is derived, like all bassets, from hounds of superior size, in this case the Grand Griffon. The first selections were made at the end of the 19th century by the Comte d'Elva who was looking for subjects with \"straight legs\". But it was Paul Dézamy who was especially responsible for fixing the type. He had understood that in order to catch a hare, dogs of a certain size were needed. He fixed the size at about 43 cm. Today used primarily when hunting with a gun, it is capable of hunting all furry game, from the rabbit to the wild boar. A team of Grand Bassets won the 5th edition of the European Cup for hare. Grand Basset Griffon Vendéens a long-backed, short-legged hunting breed of dog of the hound type, originating in the Vendée region of France. They are still used today to hunt boar, deer, and to track rabbit and hare, but are more commonly kept as a domestic pet. They are pack dogs, so owners should either spend a lot of time with them or get a second dog or a cat. They have a happy and confident personality, which can sometimes manifest itself as disobedience, but they are great companions. The UK Kennel Club conducted a health survey of Basset Griffon Vendéens (Petit and Grand varieties combined) in 2004. This is apparently the only completed health survey (as of July 16, 2007) that might include Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen, but it is unclear what proportion of dogs in the survey were Grand Basset Griffon Vendéens instead of the more common Petit. Average longevity of 76 deceased Basset Griffon Vendéens (varieties combined) in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey was 12.1 years (maximum 17.3 years). Leading causes of death were cancer (33%), old age (24%), and cardiac (7%). Compared to surveyed longevities of other breeds of similar size, Basset Griffon Vendéens have a typical or somewhat higher than average life expectancy. Among 289 live Basset Griffon Vendéens (varieties combined) in the 2004 UKC survey, the most common health issues noted by owners were reproductive, dermatologic (dermatitis and mites), and aural (otitis externa, excessive ear wax, and ear mites). \"Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen\" FCI-Standard N° 33 14 February 2001 World Canine Federation" ]

[ "West Bowling A.R.L.F.C. West Bowling is an amateur rugby league club in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, which competes in the National Conference League Division Three. West Bowling play home games at Emsley Recreation Ground, near Odsal Stadium. The club run teams from under 7s up to open age, the 2nd team competing in Pennine League Division Four. Former West Bowling players who have played at international level include Leon Pryce, Stuart Reardon and Elliot Whitehead. BARLA representatives include Steven Illingworth, Lee Innes and Nigel Halmshaw. Other representative or honours include Brad Conway for the USA Tomahawks and Gareth Shephard for Lancashire." ]

[ "Michael Kohlhase Michael Kohlhase (born 13 September 1964 in Erlangen) is a German computer scientist and professor at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, where he is head of the KWARC research group (Knowledge Adaptation and Reasoning for Content). Michael Kohlhase is president of the OpenMath Society and a trustee of the Interest Group for Mathematical Knowledge Management (MKM). He was a trustee of the Conference on Automated Deduction and the CALCULEMUS Interest Group. He has been Conference Chair of CADE-21 and Program Chair of the KI-2006, MKM-2005, and CALCULEMUS-2000 conferences and has served on the Programme Committees of more than three dozen international conferences. Kohlhase holds an adjunct associate professorship at Carnegie Mellon University and was (2006–2008) vice director of the Department of Safe and Secure Cognitive Systems at German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Lab Bremen. In 2014, he became a member of the Global Digital Mathematics Library Working Group of the IMU. Michael Kohlhase obtained a degree in Mathematics (1989) from University of Bonn, a doctorate (1994) and habilitation (1999) in Computer Science at Saarland University. He has pursued his doctoral and post-doctoral research in extended research visits at Carnegie Mellon University, University of Amsterdam, the University of Edinburgh, and SRI International. From 2000–2003, he has conducted research and taught at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, where he was appointed to an adjunct associate professor. In September 2003 he was appointed as Professor of Computer Science at Jacobs University Bremen (International University Bremen until 2007), and 2006–2008 he was vice director of the Department of Safe and Secure Cognitive Systems of the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Bremen. Since September 2016 he holds the Professorship for Knowledge Representation and Processing at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg. He has authored or edited four books and published almost 100 peer-reviewed papers. Michael Kohlhase's current research interests include Automated theorem proving and knowledge representation for mathematics, inference-based techniques for natural language processing and semantics, and computer-supported education. Much of his concrete work is based on web-based content markup formats like MathML, OpenMath, and OMDoc and systems for managing this data, e.g. semantic search engines for mathematical formulae, semantic extensions to LaTeX, or converting legacy LaTeX documents from the arXiv. see a more complete bibliography In 2006, Michael Kohlhase ranked #8126 in CiteSeer's list of most cited computer science authors, having 305 citations." ]

[ "Rap Reiplinger James Kawika Piimauna Reiplinger (July 16, 1950 – January 19, 1984) was a Hawaiian comedian, whose humor is an integral part of Hawaii today. After attending Punahou School, he began performing professionally. In 1974 he helped create the comedy ensemble Booga Booga with James Grant Benton and Ed Ka'ahea. In 1982 he received an Emmy Award and bronze medal from the International Film and Television Festival of New York for \"Most Outstanding Television Production\" for his TV special \"Rap's Hawaii\", which he wrote and starred in. Reiplinger died in 1984 from cocaine-related causes at age 33. Discography Rap was married to Leesa Clark from October 25, 1983 until his death." ]

[ "Bangui Agreements Bangui Agreements (also Bangui Accords, Accords de Bangui, and Bangui Peace Accords) is a 1997 negotiated peace accord in the Central African Republic (CAR). The agreement was drawn up in Bangui to bring an end to the 1990s conflict between government and rebel forces. It was signed by the Patassé government, opposition parties and religious groups. The agreement envisaged several steps to sort out the views of various political factions, reorganize the defense establishment, and bring about reforms in the country which could improve the economy of the country. In 1995, several opposition movements (FPP, MDD PSD, FC and ADP) joined together and formed the Conseil Démocratique des Partis de l'Opposition CODEPO. CODEPO staged a rally against the government demanding that unpaid salaries for public servants and army personnel be paid in arrears. Three successive mutinies occurred in 1996 against the Ange-Félix Patassé's Government by some of the members of the country's armed forces, due to non payment of salaries, labour issues and ethnic differences resulting in a crisis. One of the mutinies involved approximately 200 soldiers who demanded salary increases and the abdication of Ange-Félix Patassé. The aftermath led the French troops stationed in the country to suppress the rebellion and restore order. In December, at the 19th Summit Meeting of Heads of State and Government of France and Africa, Patassé asked the Presidents of Gabon, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali to mediate a truce between government and rebel forces. In January 1997, the Bangui Agreements were signed by the Patasse government, opposition parties and religious groups. An international committee composed of a member of each from the concerned state was formed to monitor the implementation of the Bangui Agreements. Michael Gbezera-Bria was appointed Prime Minister, and a new government was formed after signing of the Bangui Agreements. However, this did not bring about an end to the political unrest. The UN Resolution 1125 was adopted in August 1997 due to concern with the situation in CAR; it authorised the MISAB to be deployed for three months. In October, the French Government withdrew its army from Bangui and also closed the military base in Bouar. Resolution 1136 was adopted in November 1997, which included a recall of Resolution 1125 and an authorization of MISAB's continuation for three more months. Resolution 1152 was adopted in February 1998 with reaffirmation of Resolutions 1125 and 1136, as well as authorization to continue MISAB until 16 March 1998. Resolution 1155 was adopted in March 1998, with a re-affirmation of Resolutions 1125, 1136, and 1152, as well as authorization to continue MISAB until 27 March 1998. In April 1998, the UN intervened with Resolution 1159 which established the United Nations Mission to the Central African Republic mission (MINURCA) with a 1,350 strong peace keeping force, aiming to bring about peace among the various warring groups and also facilitating free elections to the legislature. Resolution 1182 was adopted in July 1998; it reaffirmed Resolutions 1125, 1136, 1152, 1155, and 1159, and extended MINURCA through 25 October 1998. Resolution 1201 was adopted in October 1998; it reaffirmed Resolutions 1125, 1136, 1152, 1155, 1159, and 1182 regarding the situation in the Central African Republic, and extended the MINURCA mandate until 28 February 1999. Elections were held during November-December 1998 under the auspices of the United Nations peacekeeping force, hoping that the Bangui Agreements would become effective. But the opposition boycotted the Assembly after one of their members defected to presidential camp. Resolution 1230 was adopted in February 1999; it reaffirmed Resolutions 1125, 1136, 1152, 1155, 1159, 1182, and 1201, extended the MINURCA mandate through 15 November 1999, which would be its termination date. Elections were held again in September 1999 with Patassé returned to power as President. Resolution 1271 was adopted in October 1999; it reaffirmed Resolutions 1159, 1201, and 1231, extended the MINURCA mandate until 15 February 2000, and described a transition from a peacekeeping operation to a post-conflict peace-building presence. A semblance of peace returned and the UN peace keeping force withdrew from CAR in February 2000." ]

[ "Tim Scott McConnell Tim Scott McConnell aka Tim Scott or Ledfoot (born March 25, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and 12-string guitarist who performs since 2007 under the artist name Ledfoot and created the music genre Gothic blues. He calls himself the \"Master of Gothic Blues\". The artist's repertoire consists solely of self-written songs. Two of his songs gained international popularity through other artists: McConnell started touring at the age of 15. He got his first recording contract with Sire Records in 1982. He then recorded for Geffen on his next record in 1985, called \"High Lonesome Sound\". McConnell headed the LA-based band The Havalinas. The band recorded one album \"The Havalinas\" and a live album called \"Go North\". After the break-up of The Havalinas, McConnell did a series of solo albums and toured with a band. In 2007, he released his first Ledfoot album and started touring heavily in Europe solo. He plays mainly solo with the Ledfoot project up until today. As Ledfoot McConnell developed his own music style, the \"Gothic Blues\", between 2004 and 2007. This new style could not be defined by any existing music genre, so he invented a name for it. It is characterized by the unique artist's appearance: black clothes, shiny white hair, silver jewelry and a body full of tattoos - many of which designed by the artist himself. He sings with expressive and strong voice, plays the 12-string mostly in Bb minor tuning with porcelain slide and steel finger picks. Extra heavy strings contribute to a unique, strong sound. Frequently Ledfoot adds some extra rhythm with his stomp box. Lyrics and melody are often dark and atmospheric and describe the blues and worries of modern time human beings." ]

[ "Billy Williams (right fielder) William Williams (June 13, 1932 – June 11, 2013) was a professional baseball player. He appeared in four games in Major League Baseball for the Seattle Pilots in 1969. He also had an extensive minor league baseball career, spanning eighteen seasons from 1952 to 1969. After two seasons with the independent Norton Braves of the Mountain State League. Williams signed with the Cleveland Indians as an amateur free agent in 1954. Williams spent most of his eighteen seasons in the Indians' farm system in the outfield, however, he also played some first and third as well. He pitched in one game for the Hawaii Islanders in 1968, striking out two and not giving up a hit in two innings of work. During his brief major league career, Williams made twelve plate appearances, drawing a walk, but not collecting a hit in any of his official at bats. He was also hit by a pitch once, and scored his only career run on an ensuing Tommy Davis single. He was 37 years old when he made his major league debut. After his playing days, he became owner of Billy Williams' Men's Boutique in Oakland, California. Williams spent eleven seasons coaching in the Cleveland Indians organization. In 1990 and 1991, he served as a coach at the Major League level under John McNamara. From 2000–2004, Williams coached hitting and third base, while also working with outfielders and base runners for the Sioux Falls Canaries. He became hitting coach for the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball's Sioux City Explorers in 2005, serving as interim manager for the last month of the season. His record was 44–52. In his final season with the Explorers, 2009, he served as bench coach." ]

[ "Spanish Creek Spanish Creek is a creek in eastern British Columbia, Canada. It flows north into the Cariboo River southwest of Cariboo Lake. Spanish Creek Campground is located on Highway 70 just east of the Highway 89 intersection; just east of where Banish Creek and Indian Creek merge to create the east branch of the North Fork Feather River. The campground is right on Spanish Creek with a very popular swimming hole. Although the campground has been recently upgraded, it still holds the charm that it did in years past. This campground is located in the Plumas National Forest, which is perfect for outdoor enthusiasts because of its many streams and lakes, beautiful deep canyons, mountain valleys, meadows, and lofty peaks. Spanish Creek is in the Feather River Canyon, at an elevation of 2,000 feet. Within the Plumas National Forest, Spanish Creek campground is just a few short miles from Indian Falls. This is one attraction not to miss. Some have said that the mist created by the falls resembles a feather, thus the name Feather River. Just southeast on Highway 70 from Spanish Creek Campground is the quaint high Sierra town of Quincy. Very close to the campground is the Butterfly Valley Botanical Area. This is a perfect spot for all of the family. The amenities of this campground include, handicap access, drinking water, fishing, river access, paved roads, swimming, tables, vault toilets, and of course waterfront sites." ]

[ "Karen Autio Karen Autio is a Finnish Canadian writer of children's fiction. She has written a historical novel trilogy about a young immigrant girl Saara Mäki and her adventures in 1910s Canada. Karen Autio was born in Fort William, Ontario and grew up in the area, now called Thunder Bay. She lives currently in Kelowna, British Columbia. She studied mathematics and computer science at the University of Waterloo and worked as a software developer before starting her writing career. Her first novel, \"Second Watch\" (Sonoris Press 2005), is set around the wreck of the RMS Empress of Ireland in 1914. Young Saara is one of the few surviving children in the disaster that took more than 1,000 lives. In the sequel, \"Saara's Passage\" (2008), Saara takes care of her mother who is treated for tuberculosis. In \"Sabotage\" (2013), Saara and her younger brother Jussi grow up in Port Arthur, Ontario, during the First World War." ]

[ "Sally Roberts Jones Sally Roberts Jones (born 30 November 1935) is an English-born Welsh poet, publisher and critic. She was born Sally Roberts in London; her father was Welsh. She studied history at University College Bangor, then qualified as a librarian before moving to South Wales in 1967. A founding member of the English Language Section of Yr Academi Gymreig, she was its Secretary / Treasurer from 1968 to 1975 and its Chair from 1993 to 1997. She founded the Alun Books imprint and is on the editorial board of the poetry journal \"Roundyhouse\". In addition to her published work, she has run workshops and courses in schools and for adults, given readings in England, Ireland, Wales and Yugoslavia, and written verse plays and children's stories for radio. She has also written and lectured on the cultural and industrial history of Wales and contributed to the \"Oxford Companion to the Literature of Wales\", the \"Dictionary of Welsh Biography\" and the \"New Dictionary of National Biography\". Two particular interests are the development of the Arthurian legend and research into the field of Welsh Writing in English, though she has also written about Essex, where she was initially raised. \"Romford in the Nineteenth Century\" (1968) \"Turning Away\" (1969) (winner, Welsh Arts Council Prize) \"The Forgotten Country\" (1977) \"Elen and the Goblin, and other legends of Afan\" (1977) \"Strangers and Brothers\" (radio) (1977) \"Books of Welsh Interest: an annotated bibliography\" (1977) \"Allen Raine\" (\"Writers of Wales\" series) (1979) \"Relative Values\" (1985) \"The History of Port Talbot\" (1991) \"Pendarvis\" (1992) \"Dic Penderyn: the Man and the Martyr\" (1993) \"Notes for a Life: New and Selected Poems 1953-2005\" (2010)" ]

[ "Orleans, Indiana Orleans is a town in Orleans Township, Orange County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,142 at the 2010 census. Orleans was platted in 1815, and named in commemoration of the Battle of New Orleans. A post office has been in operation at Orleans since 1823. Jenkins Place and Orleans Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Orleans is located at (38.660993, -86.453368). According to the 2010 census, Orleans has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,142 people, 904 households, and 581 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,000 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.6% White, 0.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population. There were 904 households of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the town was 40.3 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.4% were from 45 to 64; and 17.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.2% male and 52.8% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,273 people, 922 households, and 614 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,449.3 people per square mile (559.0/km²). There were 992 housing units at an average density of 632.5 per square mile (244.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.77% White, 0.13% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.13% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population. There were 922 households out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.08. In the town, the population was spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males. The median income for a household in the town was $27,138, and the median income for a family was $35,150. Males had a median income of $26,630 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,476. About 12.3% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over. The town has a lending library, the Orleans Town & Township Public Library." ]

[ "Pierre Courbois Pierre Courbois (born 23 April 1940, Nijmegen, Netherlands) is a Dutch jazz drummer, bandleader. and composer. After studying percussion at the \"Hogeschool der Kunsten\" in Arnhem, Courbois left for Paris, the center of jazz in Europe in the early 1960s. He worked with pianist Kenny Drew, violinist Jean-Luc Ponty, saxophonists Eric Dolphy, Ben Webster, Stan Getz, and Johnny Griffin, and guitarist René Thomas. Courbois was one of the first musicians in Europe to experiment with free jazz. In 1961 he became the drummer and leader of the (Original Dutch) Free Jazz Quartet. In 1965 he started another group, the Free Music Quintet, composed of international musicians. He also played and recorded with Gunter Hampel's Heartplants Group with Manfred Schoof and Alexander von Schlippenbach. In 1969 Courbois founded the first European jazz-rock group, Association P.C. This famous ensemble, winner of the \"Down Beat\" poll, existed until 1975 with Toto Blanke, Sigi Busch, different keyboardists, including Jasper van 't Hof, Joachim Kühn and Sigi Kessler. In 1982 he founded New Association with Heribert Wagner, Ben Gerritsen and Ferdi Rikkers. He has also played with the pianists Mal Waldron, and Rein de Graaff, horn players Willem Breuker, Hans Dulfer and Theo Loevendie, and Ali Haurand's European Jazz Quintet with Gerd Dudeck, Leszek Zadlo and Alan Skidmore. In 1992 Courbois started a quintet under his own name and for the first time in his career performed pieces all composed by himself. This ensemble pleasantly surprised both the critics and the public with a return to the Charles Mingus tradition - thematic, melodic ensemble jazz and an experimentation with linear improvisation. In 1999 he founded the Double Quintet and in 2003 the Five Four Sextet, with Eric Vloeimans, Ilja Reijngoud, Jasper Blom, Paul van Kemenade, and Niko Langenhuijsen. He is still playing with Jasper van 't Hof in a trio called \"Cour-Hof\" with Barend Courbois on bass guitar. Also with Polo de Haas in the \"Gong-Duo\", sometimes with Kittie Courbois as guest. During the 1994 North Sea Jazz Festival the Bird Award, the highest award in the Dutch Jazz World, was bestowed upon Courbois. Since 2000 he is Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau and in 2008 he received the VPRO / Boy Edgar Award. Nowadays he is playing with his QWINTETT and his SEXTETT: Toon de Gouw - trumpet, Ilja Reijngoud - trombone, Jan Menu - bariton and soprano saxophones, Niko Langenhuijsen - piano, Egon Kracht - double bass and PC compositions and drums. With Mal Waldron With Joe Vanenkhuizen" ]

[ "Nagoya, Batam Nagoya, also known as Lubuk Baja, is the main town of Batam, Indonesia, and administratively a district (kecamatan), covering 10.8 square kilometers. The population was 80,780 in 2010 Census. However, like other fastest growing cities, Batam Island is becoming a continuous urban sprawl. Nagoya Hill Mall is the biggest shopping mall in the region, you can find the most popular fast food restaurants such as A&W, Pizza Hut, KFC, etc. Wide ranges of home appliances, fashions, and electronic gadgets are also available. Hypermart is the only grocery store in the mall. The area surrounded by a number of hotels, ranging from 2 to 4 stars. Right outside the mall, there are many small roadside eateries offering grilled seafood, satay, otak-otak, and other local fare. Foods are generally quite spicy. It is important to not confuse this city with Nagoya, Japan - they are different places in different areas of the world." ]

[ "Dreamscape (band) Dreamscape is a progressive metal band from Munich, Germany. Dreamscape was founded by Wolfgang Kerinnis (lead guitarist) and Stefan Gassner (rhythm guitarist) in 1986. After numerous changes in the line-up, Tobi Zoltan (singer), Andreas Angerer (drummer) and Benno Schmidtler (bass guitarist) were hired to perform full-time with them. After very thorough preparations, they started performing live in 1992. After a few more line-up changes, they produced three demos in between 1993 and 1995: \"Dreamscape\", \"Decisions\" and \"Changes\". In 1996, the band recorded its first full-length album in their own studio, titled \"Trance-like State\". It was released through Rising Sun Records almost a year later in 1997. In the wake of the CD production, the band decided that they needed a keyboard player as a permanent member, hiring Jan Vacik to fill the spot. Vacik's hiring caused a rift, and as a result three members left, including the founding member Gassner. During the twelve months between recording and releasing, the band had already created new songs but were delayed once more when Zoltan, the lead vocalist, was asked to leave due to what was called 'lack of motivation'. Hubi Meisel replaced Zoltan as vocalist. After a tour to support the first album, the band released a second album, \"Very\", in 1999. Since then, there have been several line-up changes. The band's third album, \"End of Silence\", was released in 2004 and a compilation album, \"Revoiced\", in 2005. In 2007, the band released \"5th Season\" and in 2008 they toured with Sieges Even, Circus Maximus and Symphony X. After the tour, Danilo Batdorf replaced Schwager as drummer. Also in 2008 Dreamscape and Lanfear had planned on performing concerts with each other, but their newly hired lead vocalist Mischa Mang left the band to concentrate on another band named Ivanhoe, thus postponing the shows indefinitely. On 2 April 2009, the band announced that Erik Blomkvist, formerly of Platitude, would be their new lead vocalist, and that he was scheduled to appear on their new album However, he left soon after production and recording had started, due to unforeseen health problems. The Italian vocalist Francesco (or Frank) Marino signed on to complete the album, and was listed as the lead singer also performing live with the band. Blomkvist sang on at least one of the album tracks, which was released in 2012, titled \"Everlight\". After release of \"Everlight\" it became quiet around the band. Keyboarder David Bertok, drummer Danilo Batdorf and former bassist Ralf Schwager joined Sieges Even successor Subsignal." ]

[ "Astar (game) Astar is a two-player abstract strategy board game from Kyrgyzstan. It is a game similar to draughts and Alquerque as players hop over one another's pieces when capturing. However, unlike draughts and Alquerqe, Astar is played on 5x6 square grid with two triangular boards attached on two opposite sides of the grid. The board somewhat resembles those of Kotu Ellima, Sixteen Soldiers, and Peralikatuma, all of which are games related to Astar. However, these three games use an expanded Alquerque board with a 5x5 square grid with diagonal lines. Astar uses a 5x6 grid with no diagonal lines. The player that captures all of their opponent's pieces wins. Alternatively, the player that fully occupies their opponent's triangular board wins. Another way to win, is if a player can trap their opponent's pieces and thus preventing them from performing a legal move. A 5x6 square grid is used with a triangular board attached on two opposite sides of the square grid specifically on the two shorter sides of the square grid. The square grid only consist of orthogonal lines; there are no diagonal lines. Each player has 16 pieces of which one set is black, and the other is white. 1. Players decide who will play the black pieces, and who will play the white pieces. They also decide who will start first. 2. Players play opposite one another across the board with each player having its own triangular board. Players place all of their 16 pieces in the first four ranks of their side of the board. Therefore, each player's triangular board will be filled up with their own pieces, and on the fourth rank, the three middle intersection points are occupied. 3. On a player's turn, a piece may move (in any orthogonal direction) along a marked line onto a vacant adjacent intersection point. Alternatively, a player's piece may capture an enemy piece. The player's piece must be orthogonally adjacent to the enemy piece. The player's piece leaps over it (as in draughts), and lands on a vacant point immediately beyond. The leap must be in a straight line, and follow the pattern on the board. If possible, the piece can continue to capture in any (orthogonal) direction. It is uncertain whether captures are compulsory, but in games like Kotu Ellima, Sixteen Soldiers, and Peralikatuma, captures are compulsory. The same may be true for Astar. Since captures may be compulsory, a player's piece must continue to leap and capture enemy pieces until it can no longer do so. Captured piece(s) are removed from the board. 4. Only one piece may be moved or used to capture enemy piece(s) in a turn. 5. If a player has more than one option to capture, then the player can choose any one (and only one) of them." ]

[ "Enter Three Dragons Enter Three Dragons is 1978 Hong Kong martial art Bruceploitation movie, directed by Joseph Kong and starring Bruce Lai (Chang Yi Tao), Nick Cheung Lik and Philip Ko. This also happens to be Dragon Lee`s Hong Kong film debut. Sammy is having a trouble with the gangstars after he had lost the diamonds that his boss had ordered to bring. Sammy`s friend Dragon Hong (Chang Yi Tao) and Min Young (Nick Cheung) decides to help Sammy to defeat the gangstar boss. According to website \"Cityonfire\" “Enter Three Dragons” isn’t as wacky as “Clones,” but there’s definitely enough unintentional entertainment that makes it just as fun.\" and gave the rate 6 out of 10. The movie however gave confusion to people due to the random additional fight scenes and cuts of the film. The movie was released in alternate name which gave some people a confusion with the titles. The Korean release of the movie was released the title after \"Three Avengers\". But the thing that makes even more confuse is the movie was released in U.S after the title called Dragon on Fire which also happens to be an alternate title of The Dragon, The Hero (featuring John Liu and Dragon Lee.) which made people a confusion with the movie titles between Enter Three Dragons and Dragon on Fire. The U.S production was done Samuel Wall (who appeared as Sammy in the movie) however it was later credited as Joseph Lai and Tomas Tang. Godfrey Ho was co-director of this movie." ]

[ "Mauritius (play) Mauritius is a play by Theresa Rebeck which opened on Broadway in 2007. \"Mauritius\" premiered on Broadway at the Biltmore Theatre on October 4, 2007, and closed November 25, 2007. This play marked the Broadway debut for Rebeck. The play was directed by Doug Hughes with scenic design by John Lee Beatty, costume design by Catherine Zuber and lighting design by Paul Gallo in a Manhattan Theatre Club production. Bobby Cannavale received a Tony Award nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play. The play had its world premiere in Boston by the Huntington Theatre Company at the Boston Center for the Arts Calderwood Pavilion in October 2006. The play was directed by Rebecca Taichman and starred Marin Ireland as Jackie, Michael Aronov as Dennis, Robert Dorfman, Laura Latreille and James Gale as Sterling. It was presented at Chicago's Northlight Theatre from February 25 to April 5, 2009. The play was produced by the Pasadena Playhouse, California opening on April 9, 2009. Direction was by Jessica Kubzansky. The play focuses on two half-sisters, Jackie and Mary, who inherit a stamp collection which might be worth a fortune. The title refers to the \"Blue Mauritius\", one of the world's rarest stamps. The sisters become involved with three men, including the owner of a stamp store Phillip and Dennis, whose occupation is somewhat mysterious. The characters try to out-do each other in attempting to reap possible rewards from the stamp collection." ]

[ "Harry Westley Orndoff Harry W. Orndoff (November 8, 1875 – July 14, 1938) was an American private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Boxer Rebellion who received the Medal of Honor for bravery. Orndoff was born November 8, 1875 in Sandusky, Ohio and enlisted into the Marine Corps from Mare Island, California on October 17, 1896. After entering the Marine Corps he was sent to fight in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion. He received the Medal for his actions in China on 13 and 20–22 June 1900 and it was presented to him December 10, 1901. He was discharged from the marines due to a medical survey on January 12, 1902.<usmcbio/> He died July 14, 1938 and is buried in Highland Park Cemetery, Highland Hills, Ohio. His grave can be found in the Veterans Section #3, tier 5, grave 22. Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 9 November 1872, Sandusky, Ohio. Accredited to: California. G.O. No. : 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: In action with the relief expedition of the Allied forces in China, 13, 20, 21, and 22 June 1900. During this period and in the presence of the enemy, Orndoff distinguished himself by meritorious conduct." ]

[ "North Preston North Preston is a community in Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. The community is populated primarily by Black Nova Scotians. North Preston is the oldest and largest Black community in Canada, as well as having the highest concentration of African Canadians across Canada. The community traces its origins from several waves of migration in the 18th and 19th centuries. The American Revolution brought Black Loyalists to the Preston area. The 1790s brought a different group of Black settlers to the regions, the Maroons from Jamaica. While many Maroons later left for Sierra Leone, a number stayed in Preston and Guysborough County. These groups were joined shortly after by a third migration starting in 1813, of Black refugees from the War of 1812. The Black refugees came to Nova Scotia mostly from the Southern US states, bringing with them a strong Baptist tradition. These three major waves of migrants were also periodically joined by runaway slaves. In recent times, lifelong residents have been joined by small numbers of migrants from Ontario, the Caribbean, Africa, and the United States – many of whom are married into families in North Preston. William Brown Sr. and William Arnold purchased land on the southern shore of Bedford Basin in the City of Halifax. In 1846, people migrated out of Preston (and Hammonds Plains) and began settling in the area, which gradually became known as Africville. In 1854, Richard Preston and Septimus Clarke set up 11 churches in Nova Scotia, and helped pass the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833. Richard Preston was an escaped slave from Virginia and took the name Preston from the community, where he was reunited with his mother as she had escaped slavery earlier in her life. North Preston has a high home-ownership rate and a stable population, and has resisted urban sprawl which has occurred in other Black Nova Scotian settlements. At $33,233, North Preston has a higher average income compared with the average of $31,795 for Nova Scotia. The community remains relatively isolated from the rest of Halifax, in its rural setting. North Preston Day is an annual community festival and parade occurring each July 4. Many members of the community attend; the event is free and guests from outside of the community attend. In 2010, television personality Debbie Travis made a guest appearance to film part of her show \"All for One\", aired on CBC. North Preston is served by Nelson Whynder Elementary School. Several community buildings, churches, a day care, a medical centre, a volunteer fire department and several local businesses are located in North Preston. A church has been located in North Preston for over 151 years. There is some discrepancy about how many residents live in the community. The population estimates range from a low of 805 by the area's city Councillor, to a high of 4,100 by The Globe and Mail." ]