Datasets:

openlifescienceai

/

mmlu_anatomy

like 0

Follow

Open Life Science AI 33

{ "Correct Answer": "paralysis of the facial muscles.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "paralysis of the facial muscles.", "B": "paralysis of the facial muscles and loss of taste.", "C": "paralysis of the facial muscles, loss of taste and lacrimation.", "D": "paralysis of the facial muscles, loss of taste, lacrimation and decreased salivation." }, "Question": "A lesion causing compression of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen will cause ipsilateral" }

{ "Correct Answer": "a recessive maxilla due to failure of elongation of the cranial base.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "a protruding mandible due to reactivation of the condylar cartilage by acromegaly.", "B": "a recessive maxilla due to failure of elongation of the cranial base.", "C": "an enlarged frontal bone due to hydrocephaly.", "D": "defective development of the maxillary air sinus." }, "Question": "A \"dished face\" profile is often associated with" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Bladder", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Bladder", "B": "Kidney", "C": "Ureter", "D": "Urethra" }, "Question": "Which of the following best describes the structure that collects urine in the body?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Melanocytes", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Motor neurons", "B": "Skeletal muscles", "C": "Melanocytes", "D": "Sweat glands" }, "Question": "Which of the following structures is derived from ectomesenchyme?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Glomerulus", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Afferent arteriole", "B": "Glomerulus", "C": "Loop of Henle", "D": "Renal pelvis" }, "Question": "Which of the following describes the cluster of blood capillaries found in each nephron in the kidney?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "They will only be able to breathe quietly.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "They will be unable to breathe without life support.", "B": "They will only be able to breathe quietly.", "C": "It is impossible to predict an effect on breathing.", "D": "Breathing will be unaffected." }, "Question": "A patient suffers a broken neck with damage to the spinal cord at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra." }

{ "Correct Answer": "Epigastric", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Epigastric", "B": "Hypochondriac", "C": "Hypogastric", "D": "Lumbar" }, "Question": "Which of the following anatomical regions of abdomen lies just distal to the sternum?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Mucous membranes", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Hair in the nose", "B": "Mucous membranes", "C": "Osteoblasts", "D": "Saliva" }, "Question": "Which of the following best describes the human body's defense mechanism against environmental bacteria?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "ten weeks post-fertilization.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "six weeks post-fertilization.", "B": "eight weeks post-fertilization.", "C": "ten weeks post-fertilization.", "D": "twelve weeks post-fertilization." }, "Question": "The palatine processes begin to fuse at" }

{ "Correct Answer": "contraction of contralateral limb musculature.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "bilateral contraction of antigravity limb muscles.", "B": "bilateral contraction of limb musculature.", "C": "contraction of ipsilateral limb musculature.", "D": "contraction of contralateral limb musculature." }, "Question": "Primary motor cortex activity results in" }

{ "Correct Answer": "hard palate, upper lip, upper central incisor and lower first molar.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "hard palate.", "B": "hard palate and upper lip.", "C": "hard palate, upper lip and upper central incisor.", "D": "hard palate, upper lip, upper central incisor and lower first molar." }, "Question": "You notice that your patient's submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged. You would look for potential infection sites in the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Pupillary dilatation and a lateral strabismus", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Pupillary constriction and a medial strabismus", "B": "Pupillary dilatation and a medial strabismus", "C": "Pupillary constriction and a lateral strabismus", "D": "Pupillary dilatation and a lateral strabismus" }, "Question": "A patient suffers damage to the orbit in a road traffic incident resulting in damage to the third cranial nerve. Which of the following signs will be present?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Proprioceptive information is carried by the masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "It has an articular disc of hyaline cartilage", "B": "Its articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage", "C": "Proprioceptive information is carried by the chorda tympani and deep temporal nerves", "D": "Proprioceptive information is carried by the masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves." }, "Question": "Which of the following statements is true of the temporomandibular joint?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "cricothyroid muscle is still functional but the interarytenoids are weak.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "cricothyroid muscle is still functional but the interarytenoid muscles are fully active.", "B": "cricothyroid muscle is still functional but the interarytenoids are weak.", "C": "cricothyroid muscle is paralyzed but the interarytenoids are fully active.", "D": "cricothyroid muscle is paralyzed but the interarytenoids are weak." }, "Question": "Laryngoscopic examination of the vocal folds after suspected recurrent laryngeal nerve damage usually shows that the vocal fold on the injured side is tensed and in an intermediate position between adduction and abduction. This is because" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The mental symphysis closes at about 1 year postnatally", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "The mental symphysis closes at about 1 year postnatally", "B": "The condylar growth cartilage ceases activity at puberty", "C": "The ossification centre appears about 8 weeks I.U.L medial to Meckel's cartilage", "D": "The functional matrix acting on the angle of the mandible is the lateral pterygoid muscle" }, "Question": "Which one of the following statements about the growth of the mandible is correct?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "It is a consensual reflex", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Its efferent limb is carried in the optic nerve", "B": "It is mediated by the inferior colliculi in the midbrain", "C": "It is a consensual reflex", "D": "Its afferent limb is carried in the oculomotor nerve" }, "Question": "Which of the following statements is true of the pupillary light reflex?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "External intercostal muscles and diaphragm", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "External and internal intercostal muscles", "B": "External intercostal muscles and diaphragm", "C": "Internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm", "D": "External and internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm" }, "Question": "Which muscles are normally active during quiet inspiration?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Testes", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Glans penis", "B": "Prepuce", "C": "Prostate", "D": "Testes" }, "Question": "Male hormones are produced by which of the following?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Pulmonary veins", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Aorta", "B": "Carotid arteries", "C": "Inferior vena cava", "D": "Pulmonary veins" }, "Question": "Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by which of the following structures?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Trachea", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Aorta", "B": "Esophagus", "C": "Trachea", "D": "Pancreas" }, "Question": "Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "In the upper wall of the right atrium", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Between the left atrium and the left ventricle", "B": "Between the right atrium and the right ventricle", "C": "In the upper wall of the right atrium", "D": "In the upper wall of the left ventricle" }, "Question": "Where is the sinoatrial node located?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "deep to its inferior border.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "deep to its superior border.", "B": "superficial to its superior border.", "C": "deep to its inferior border.", "D": "superficial to its inferior border." }, "Question": "In relation to the rib, the corresponding intercostal nerve lies" }

{ "Correct Answer": "left and right submental lymph nodes.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "left submental lymph node.", "B": "left and right submental lymph nodes.", "C": "left submandibular lymph node.", "D": "left and right submandibular lymph nodes." }, "Question": "The regional lymphatic drainage of the left side of the tip of the tongue is to the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "ectomesenchyme formation and occurs before neurulation.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "mesoderm formation and occurs after neurulation.", "B": "ectomesenchyme formation and occurs before neurulation.", "C": "mesoderm formation and occurs before neurulation.", "D": "ectomesenchyme formation and occurs after neurulation." }, "Question": "Gastrulation is the process of" }

{ "Correct Answer": "influences the position of the viscerocranium.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "is a secondary growth cartilage.", "B": "influences the position of the viscerocranium.", "C": "ceases activity at 7 years of age.", "D": "can be reactivated in patients affected by acromegaly." }, "Question": "The spheno-occipital synchondrosis" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Nitrogen", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Carbon dioxide", "B": "Carbon monoxide", "C": "Nitrogen", "D": "Oxygen" }, "Question": "Which of the following substances is found in greater quantity in exhaled air?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Nephrolithiasis", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Glomerulonephritis", "B": "Interstitial nephritis", "C": "Nephrolithiasis", "D": "Polycystic kidney" }, "Question": "Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones (renal calculi)?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "facial artery crosses the mandible.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "facial artery crosses the mandible.", "B": "facial artery crosses the maxilla.", "C": "superficial temporal artery crosses the maxilla.", "D": "superficial temporal artery crosses the orbital rim." }, "Question": "A pulse may be felt on a patient's face where the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Spleen", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Appendix", "B": "Gallbladder", "C": "Spleen", "D": "Urinary bladder" }, "Question": "A patient sustains severe blunt trauma to the left upper abdomen and requires surgery. Which one of the following organs is most likely to be involved?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "It is formed of Purkinje fibres and is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles.", "B": "It is formed of Purkinje fibres and is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles", "C": "It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and forms one of several electrical connections between the atria and ventricles.", "D": "It is formed of Purkinje fibres and forms one of several electrical connections between the atria and ventricles." }, "Question": "Which statement concerning the atrioventricular bundle is correct?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Flexion", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Abduction", "B": "Eversion", "C": "Flexion", "D": "Pronation" }, "Question": "Which of the following terms describes the motion of bending the forearm toward the body?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "constriction of the laryngeal entrance.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "constriction of the laryngeal entrance.", "B": "upward movement of the epiglottis.", "C": "downward movement of the larynx.", "D": "increase in respiratory rate." }, "Question": "Food is prevented from entering the larynx during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing by" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Duodenum", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Gastroesophageal sphincter", "B": "Duodenum", "C": "Ileocecum", "D": "Jejunum" }, "Question": "At which of the following locations does bile enter the digestive tract?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Erect", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Dorsal", "B": "Erect", "C": "Lateral", "D": "Prone" }, "Question": "In which of the following positions does a patient lie face down?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "palatine, frontonasal and secondary nasal processes.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "palatine processes.", "B": "palatine and frontonasal processes.", "C": "palatine, frontonasal and secondary nasal processes.", "D": "palatine, frontonasal, secondary nasal processes and mandibular processes." }, "Question": "Complete bilateral cleft palate is due to failure of fusion of the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "is opened by the action of levator veli palatini.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "connects the inner ear and nasopharynx.", "B": "is derived from the second pharyngeal pouch.", "C": "is opened by the action of levator veli palatini.", "D": "is closed by the action of tensor veli palatini." }, "Question": "The auditory tube" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Spleen", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Appendix", "B": "Gallbladder", "C": "Pancreas", "D": "Spleen" }, "Question": "Which of the following is the lymphoid organ that is a reservoir for red blood cells and filters organisms from the blood?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Thoracic and abdominal", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Abdominal and pelvic", "B": "Cranial and spinal", "C": "Thoracic and abdominal", "D": "Pericardial and pleural" }, "Question": "Which of the following cavities are separated by the diaphragm?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "cartilage, smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium.", "B": "cartilage and smooth muscle.", "C": "cartilage and respiratory epithelium.", "D": "smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium." }, "Question": "The walls of bronchioles contain" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Liver", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Gallbladder", "B": "Kidney", "C": "Liver", "D": "Spleen" }, "Question": "Which of the following organs removes bilirubin from the blood, manufactures plasma proteins, and is involved with the production of prothrombin and fibrinogen?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Gastroesophageal reflux disease", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Crohn's disease", "B": "Esophageal varices", "C": "Gastroesophageal reflux disease", "D": "Pyloric stenosis" }, "Question": "Which of the following conditions is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "trigeminal and vagus nerves.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves.", "B": "facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.", "C": "trigeminal and vagus nerves.", "D": "facial and vagus nerves." }, "Question": "The muscles of the soft palate are innervated by branches of the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Femur", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Calcaneus", "B": "Femur", "C": "Symphysis pubis", "D": "Tibia" }, "Question": "Which of the following is the large bone found superior to the patella and inferior to the ischium?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior mandibular teeth.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "lower lip.", "B": "lower lip and mandibular teeth.", "C": "lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior mandibular teeth.", "D": "lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior and buccal gingivae of the posterior mandibular teeth." }, "Question": "A successful inferior alveolar nerve block will produce anaesthesia of the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "internal laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the cough reflex.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "internal laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the cough reflex.", "B": "external laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the gag reflex.", "C": "internal laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the gag reflex.", "D": "external laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the cough reflex." }, "Question": "The mucosa of the upper larynx is innervated by the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "intramembranous ossification and follow the somatic growth pattern.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "endochondral ossification and follow the somatic growth pattern.", "B": "endochondral ossification and follow the neural growth pattern.", "C": "intramembranous ossification and follow the somatic growth pattern.", "D": "intramembranous ossification and follow the neural growth pattern." }, "Question": "The bones of the viscerocranium develop initially by" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Lower leg", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Heel", "B": "Lower leg", "C": "Toes", "D": "Thigh" }, "Question": "The physician directs the medical assistant to complete a request form for an X-ray study of the fibula. The procedure will be performed on which of the following structures?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Erythrocyte", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Lymphocyte", "B": "Monocyte", "C": "Erythrocyte", "D": "Basophil" }, "Question": "Which cells in the blood do not have a nucleus?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "frontal and parietal bones.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "frontal and parietal bones.", "B": "left and right parietal bones.", "C": "parietal and occipital bones.", "D": "parietal, squamous temporal and greater wing of the sphenoid." }, "Question": "The coronal suture joins the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage.", "B": "thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone.", "C": "hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.", "D": "thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, cricoids cartilage." }, "Question": "If you run your finger down the anterior midline of a patient's extended neck from chin to sternal notch, you should be able to palpate, in order, the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "All of the above", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "The supraorbital foramen", "B": "The infraorbital foramen", "C": "The mental foramen", "D": "All of the above" }, "Question": "Which of the following bony structures may be palpated in a live patient?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The vagus nerves", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "The phrenic nerves", "B": "The splanchnic nerves", "C": "The sympathetic trunks", "D": "The vagus nerves" }, "Question": "Which of the following structures accompany the oesophagus through the diaphragm?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Left ventricle → aorta → arteries →capillaries → veins", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Left ventricle → aorta → arteries → veins → capillaries", "B": "Left ventricle → aorta → arteries →capillaries → veins", "C": "Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → capillaries →veins", "D": "Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → veins → capillaries" }, "Question": "Which sequence describes the systemic circulation?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "dorsal", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "caudal", "B": "dorsal", "C": "frontal", "D": "transverse" }, "Question": "The anatomic location of the spinal canal is" }

{ "Correct Answer": "superficial to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molar.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "deep to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molar.", "B": "superficial to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molar.", "C": "deep to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second premolar.", "D": "superficial to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second premolar." }, "Question": "The parotid duct runs" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Downward", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Inward", "B": "Outward", "C": "Upward", "D": "Downward" }, "Question": "If the foot is abducted, it is moved in which direction?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "is a terminal branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "is a terminal branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.", "B": "is a terminal branch of the maxillary branch of the facial nerve.", "C": "carries parasympathetic secretomotor neurons to the lacrimal gland.", "D": "innervates the inferior part of the orbicularis oculi muscle." }, "Question": "The infraorbital nerve" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Peristalsis", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Absorption", "B": "Emulsion", "C": "Peristalsis", "D": "Regurgitation" }, "Question": "Which of the following best describes the process whereby the stomach muscles contract to propel food through the digestive tract?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Synapse", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Dendrite", "B": "Glial cell", "C": "Nerve center", "D": "Synapse" }, "Question": "Which of the following is the point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Medial pterygoid.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Masseter", "B": "Temporalis", "C": "Lateral pterygoid", "D": "Medial pterygoid." }, "Question": "Which of the following muscles initiates elevation of the mandible?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Pancreas", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Adrenal gland", "B": "Gallbladder", "C": "Liver", "D": "Pancreas" }, "Question": "Which of the following is an accessory organ of the gastrointestinal system that is responsible for secreting insulin?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "loss of taste and somaesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "loss of taste over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.", "B": "loss of somaesthetic sensation over the anterior two thirds of the tongue.", "C": "loss of taste and somaesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue.", "D": "paralysis of the muscles of the tongue." }, "Question": "A malignant tumour is damaging the patient's glossopharyngeal nerve. They will experience" }

{ "Correct Answer": "ptosis.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "a convergent strabismus.", "B": "ptosis.", "C": "pupillary contriction.", "D": "bitemporal hemianopia." }, "Question": "A possible effect of damage to the third cranial nerve by trauma to the orbit is" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Pulmonary arteries", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Inferior vena cava", "B": "Left ventricle", "C": "Pulmonary arteries", "D": "Pulmonary veins" }, "Question": "Blood flows from the right ventricle of the heart into which of the following structures?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "lift their shoulders against resistance.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "extend their neck against resistance.", "B": "extend their neck without impairment.", "C": "lift their shoulders against resistance.", "D": "lift their shoulders without impairment." }, "Question": "A patient is stabbed in the neck. You suspect damage to the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle. You would test nerve function by asking the patient to" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The muscles of mastication and anterior belly of digastric", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "The muscles of mastication", "B": "The muscles of mastication and anterior belly of digastric", "C": "The muscles of mastication and anterior and posterior bellies of digastric", "D": "The muscles of mastication, anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and geniohyoid" }, "Question": "Which of the following muscles are derived from the first brachial arch?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "On the anterior side of the neck", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "In front of the ears and just above eye level", "B": "In the antecubital space", "C": "In the middle of the groin", "D": "On the anterior side of the neck" }, "Question": "Which of the following best describes the location where the carotid pulse can be found?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "skilled motor movements decussate in the pyramids.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "nociception decussate in the medial lemniscus", "B": "skilled movements decussate in the medial lemniscus", "C": "skilled motor movements decussate in the pyramids.", "D": "discriminative touch decussate in the pyramids." }, "Question": "In the brain stem, pathways for:" }

{ "Correct Answer": "tracheal rings.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "thyroid cartilage.", "B": "cricothyroid membrane.", "C": "cricoid cartilage.", "D": "tracheal rings." }, "Question": "The respiratory tract is crossed by the isthmus of the thyroid gland at the level of the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The mental nerve", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "The incisive nerve", "B": "The mental nerve", "C": "The buccal nerve", "D": "The lingual nerve" }, "Question": "You notice a lesion on the labial alveolar mucosa of the lower right lateral incisor tooth of one of your patients and decide to take a biopsy to send for oral pathology report Which nerve would require local anaesthesia in order to carry out a pain-free biopsy?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "the capsule and ligaments of the TMJ and the lateral pterygoid muscle.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "the capsule and ligaments of the TMJ and the medial pterygoid muscle.", "B": "the capsule and ligaments of the TMJ and the lateral pterygoid muscle.", "C": "the articular disc of the TMJ and the medial pterygoid muscle.", "D": "the articular disc of the TMJ and the lateral pterygoid muscle." }, "Question": "The major concentrations of proprioceptive receptors providing information about position of the TMJ are located in" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Acetylcholine", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Acetylcholine", "B": "Cholecystokinin", "C": "Deoxyribose", "D": "Oxytocin" }, "Question": "Which of the following is a substance that aids the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Lamina IX", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Lamina I.", "B": "Lamina II.", "C": "Lamina V.", "D": "Lamina IX" }, "Question": "In the spinal cord, motor neuron cell bodies are located in" }

{ "Correct Answer": "anterior fragment to be displaced downwards by the action of the digastric muscle.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "anterior fragment to be displaced downwards by the action of the digastric muscle.", "B": "posterior fragment to be displaced anteriorly by the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle.", "C": "anterior fragment to be displaced backwards by action of the temporalis muscle.", "D": "posterior fragment to be displaced medially by action of the medial pterygoid muscle." }, "Question": "When you examine a patient who has suffered an unfavourable fracture of the body of the mandible, you would expect the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "abducens nerve.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "oculomotor nerve.", "B": "trochlear nerve.", "C": "ophthalmic trigeminal nerve.", "D": "abducens nerve." }, "Question": "Examination of a patient indicates that they have a medially directed strabismus (squint). This could be due to damage to the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "atrophy", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "spastic paralysis", "B": "flaccid paralysis", "C": "atrophy", "D": "contracture" }, "Question": "A patient cuts a peripheral motor nerve in their wrist when they fall through a plate glass window. If the nerve does not regenerate, after about 6 months the muscles it normally innervates will show signs of which of the four options below?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "spastic paralysis.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "spastic paralysis.", "B": "flaccid paralysis.", "C": "tremor.", "D": "hyporeflexia." }, "Question": "A patient suffers a CVA in the area of the left internal capsule conveying motor neurons to the right leg. The patient's leg will exhibit" }

{ "Correct Answer": "right lung because the right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "right lung because the right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left.", "B": "left lung because the left main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the right.", "C": "right lung or left lung because the two main bronchi are of equal size and at the same angulation.", "D": "right or left lung because there are no factors predisposing to the fragment going in one particular direction." }, "Question": "The crown of a very carious tooth suddenly fractures while the patient is standing eating at a take-away food outlet and a fragment is inhaled. It is more likely to enter the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Electrolytes", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Androgens", "B": "Catecholamines", "C": "Electrolytes", "D": "Estrogens" }, "Question": "Calcium, potassium, and sodium are classified as which of the following?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and target organs", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "parasympathetic pre- and post-ganglionic neurons", "B": "sympathetic pre- and post-ganglionic neurons", "C": "parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and target organs", "D": "sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and target organs" }, "Question": "Noradrenaline is the neurotransmitter between which of the two structures below?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Bartholin's", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Adrenal", "B": "Bartholin's", "C": "Bulbourethral", "D": "Corpus luteum" }, "Question": "Which of the following are mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vaginal opening?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "inferior to the thyroid cartilage.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "superior to the thyroid cartilage.", "B": "inferior to the thyroid cartilage.", "C": "inferior to the cricoid cartilage.", "D": "superior to the thyroid isthmus." }, "Question": "When an emergency opening into the airway is required, the cricothyroid membrane should be pierced immediately" }

{ "Correct Answer": "arachnoid and pia maters.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "skull and dura mater.", "B": "dura mater and arachnoid mater.", "C": "arachnoid and pia maters.", "D": "pia mater and brain surface." }, "Question": "Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain between the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Epiglottis", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Alveoli", "B": "Epiglottis", "C": "Larynx", "D": "Uvula" }, "Question": "Which of the following closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The floor", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "The roof", "B": "The floor", "C": "The lateral wall", "D": "The medial wall" }, "Question": "Which orbital wall is most likely to collapse in a 'blow out' fracture?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "the floor of the orbit, the upper posterior teeth and the infratemporal fossa.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "the floor of the orbit.", "B": "the floor of the orbit and the upper posterior teeth.", "C": "the floor of the orbit, the upper posterior teeth and the infratemporal fossa.", "D": "the floor of the orbit, the upper posterior teeth, the infratemporal fossa and the hard palate." }, "Question": "The walls of the maxillary sinus are sinus is related to" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The zygomaticomaxillary sutures contribute to increase in height and length of the maxilla", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Pneumatisation by enlargement of the developing maxillary sinus ceases at puberty", "B": "Space is created for the eruption of the permanent molars by resorption of the maxillary tuberosity", "C": "The zygomaticomaxillary sutures contribute to increase in height and length of the maxilla", "D": "The intermaxillary suture closes about eight years postnatally" }, "Question": "Which of one of the following statements about the postnatal growth of the maxilla is correct?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "muscles of the lower lip.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "taste buds on the posterior third of the tongue.", "B": "muscles of the soft palate.", "C": "muscles of the lower lip.", "D": "the parotid salivary gland." }, "Question": "The seventh cranial nerve supplies" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The anterior ethmoidal, frontal and maxillary sinuses", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "The anterior ethmoidal sinuses", "B": "The anterior ethmoidal and frontal sinuses", "C": "The anterior ethmoidal, frontal and maxillary sinuses", "D": "The anterior ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses" }, "Question": "Which of the following paranasal sinuses open into the middle meatus?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Collagen", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Collagen", "B": "Heparin", "C": "Lipocyte", "D": "Melanin" }, "Question": "Which of the following is a structural, fibrous protein found in the dermis?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "a combination of these three processes.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "descent of the tongue.", "B": "changes in flexure of the developing brain.", "C": "hydrophilic molecules increasing turgor pressure in the palatine shelves.", "D": "a combination of these three processes." }, "Question": "Palatine shelf elevation is due to the effect of" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "The palatal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.", "B": "The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.", "C": "The palatal surfaces of the upper molars and labial surfaces of the lower incisors.", "D": "The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and labial surfaces of the lower incisors." }, "Question": "On which surfaces of the teeth is dental plaque most likely to accumulate in the mouth of a patient with poor oral hygiene?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "the mucosa covering the vocal folds is tightly attached to underlying tissues.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "there are numerous mucous glands in the vestibular folds.", "B": "the mucosa covering the vocal folds is tightly attached to underlying tissues.", "C": "fluid will drain rapidly into the thorax below the vocal folds.", "D": "the mucosa above the vocal folds is more vascular than that below the vocal folds." }, "Question": "Laryngeal oedema is usually confined to the larynx above the vocal folds because" }

{ "Correct Answer": "arise from the ascending aorta and fill during diastole.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during diastole.", "B": "arise from the ascending aorta and fill during systole.", "C": "arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during systole.", "D": "arise from the ascending aorta and fill during diastole." }, "Question": "The coronary arteries" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Left lateral pterygoid muscle", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Left lateral pterygoid muscle", "B": "Right lateral pterygoid muscle", "C": "Left medial pterygoid muscle", "D": "Right medial pterygoid muscle" }, "Question": "Which muscle is the most active during a right lateral excursion of the mandible?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "diaphragm, parietal pleura and pericardium.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "diaphragm.", "B": "diaphragm and parietal pleura.", "C": "diaphragm, parietal pleura and pericardium.", "D": "diaphragm, parietal pleura, pericardium and intercostals muscles." }, "Question": "The phrenic nerves innervate the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "third cranial nerves.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "third cranial nerves.", "B": "fourth cranial nerves.", "C": "fifth cranial nerves.", "D": "sixth cranial nerves." }, "Question": "Parasympathetic preganglionic nerves leave the central nervous system with the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "red below the mucogingival junction and light pink above it.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "light pink in colour on both sides of the mucogingigival junction.", "B": "light pink below the mucogingival junction and red above it.", "C": "red below the mucogingival junction and light pink above it.", "D": "red on both sides of the mucogingival junction." }, "Question": "In a patient with a normal healthy mouth, you would expect the mucosa covering the alveolar process supporting the mandibular teeth to be" }

{ "Correct Answer": "maxillary and mandibular processes.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "maxillary and mandibular processes.", "B": "left and right mandibular processes.", "C": "maxillary and frontonasal processes.", "D": "mandibular and hyoid arches." }, "Question": "Macrostomia results from failure of fusion of" }

{ "Correct Answer": "to be palpable both intra- and extraorally.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "to be palpable intraorally..", "B": "to be palpable extraorally.", "C": "to be palpable both intra- and extraorally.", "D": "only to be detectable by radiographical examination." }, "Question": "You suspect that your patient has an enlarged submandibular salivary gland. You expect the enlarged gland" }