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52699053

10.1007/s11203-010-9050-y

International audienceThe angular power spectrum of a stationary random field on the sphere is estimated from the needlet coefficients of a single realization, observed with increasingly fine resolution. The estimator we consider is similar to the one recently used in practice by (Faÿ et al. 2008) to estimate the power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The consistency of the estimator, in the asymptotics of high frequencies, is proved for a model with a stationary Gaussian field corrupted by heteroscedastic noise and missing data

Spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics

spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics

audiencethe stationary sphere needlet realization increasingly fine resolution. estimator cosmic microwave background. consistency estimator asymptotics proved stationary corrupted heteroscedastic missing

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52709092

10.1016/j.seares.2016.08.003

International audienceWe used sedimentological and foraminiferal characteristics of four sedimentary cores, supported by paleogeographical and historical data, to reconstruct the depositional history of the inner Loire estuary (Near Saint-Nazaire, France) and the response of benthic foraminifera to the mid- to late-Holocene marine flooding of the incised valley. These were further used to evaluate the consequent changes in estuarine morphological and hydro-sedimentary patterns during this time period. Our results described significant changes in hydro-sedimentary dynamics over the past ~ 6 kyrs BP. At our location, these changes expressed the combined influence of marine (e.g., tide, storm waves) and fluvial dynamics (e.g., floods), which are linked, on a broader scale, to sea-level variations and the regional climate regime. Three main periods stand out: (1) from ~ 6.0 to ~ 2.5 kyrs BP, when the sea-level rise slowed down, a large brackish bay extended over and around the study area. The fine-grained tidal rythmites recorded north of the Bilho bank (the main tidal bar located in our study area) indicated a calm depositional environment, protected from the main riverine influence. The presence of thick flood deposits from ~ 5.4 to ~ 4.0 kyrs BP near the Bilho bank indicates further the dominance of humid conditions. (2) From ~ 2.5 kyrs BP to ~ 1850 CE (pre-industrial state), sea-level stabilized at its present value, and the pre-existing bay was progressively infilled. North of the Bilho bank, near a major mudflat (Méan), the generally homogenous sedimentation composed of silty muds rich in organic matter indicated a sheltered environment; the main water flow channel being located south of the Bilho bank. Within this overall homogenous sedimentation, foraminiferal assemblages described rather accurately the progressive infilling of the valley (indicated by a decrease in the proportions of outer estuarine species), accompanied with the channelization of the main entering marine currents (tide, storm waves) (indicated by an increase in the proportions of transported species from the adjacent upper continental shelf), and finally the buildup of the Méan mudflat and the stabilization of the environment to its present day configuration (indicated by the dominance of autochthonous inner estuarine species). (3) Since 1850 CE, the human impact progressively modified the general landscape of our study area with the construction of the Saint-Nazaire shipyard, the digging of the northern navigation channel and the polderization of the northern Bay. The southern channel was progressively abandoned by the main water flow in favor of the newly dug northern channel, causing the southern migration of the Bilho sandbank and the progressive filling of the southern channel

Mid- to late-Holocene environmental evolution of the Loire estuary as observed from sedimentary characteristics and benthic foraminiferal assemblages

mid- to late-holocene environmental evolution of the loire estuary as observed from sedimentary characteristics and benthic foraminiferal assemblages

audiencewe sedimentological foraminiferal sedimentary cores paleogeographical historical reconstruct depositional loire estuary saint nazaire benthic foraminifera holocene marine flooding incised valley. consequent estuarine morphological hydro sedimentary period. hydro sedimentary kyrs marine e.g. tide storm fluvial e.g. floods broader regime. stand kyrs slowed brackish area. fine grained tidal rythmites bilho bank tidal calm depositional protected riverine influence. thick flood deposits kyrs bilho bank dominance humid conditions. kyrs industrial stabilized progressively infilled. bilho bank mudflat méan homogenous sedimentation composed silty muds sheltered bilho bank. homogenous sedimentation foraminiferal assemblages accurately progressive infilling valley proportions outer estuarine accompanied channelization entering marine currents tide storm proportions transported adjacent continental shelf buildup méan mudflat stabilization dominance autochthonous estuarine progressively landscape saint nazaire shipyard digging northern navigation polderization northern bay. southern progressively abandoned favor newly northern causing southern migration bilho sandbank progressive filling southern

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52710244

10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.03.040

International audienceThe Lake Paladru sedimentary archive documents the past 10,000 years of the environmental history of the French Pre-alps. The archive's information on vegetation dynamics, fire activity and soil erosion serves to reconstruct a continuous dynamic record of land use over the last 6000 years. This multi-proxy approach serves to document the effects of successive human settlements on the environment at the watershed scale. First, discrete human impacts were identified during the Middle Neolithic that have not yet been confirmed by archaeological discoveries in the watershed. Developments of agropastoral activity have been recorded during the Late Neolithic (the period of the pile-dwelling archaeological site " Les Baigneurs ") and the Bronze Age, and the practice of slash-and-burn is documented by the records of fires. During the Iron Age and the Roman period, agropastoral activities (livestock farming and cereal cultivation) became continuous. They involved an intensification of human effects with a rapid and high-amplitude increase in soil erosion and a shift in the use of fire from an instrument for clearing land to an agropastoral landscape management tool. The Medieval period was characterized by the spatial expansion and diversification of crops. Results of this study have located the " thousand-year " pile dwelling sites such as " Colletière " in a longer phase of human occupation that deeply and sustainably modified the surrounding landscape of the lake. Beginning in the Modern period, the proxies used in this study served to record a new shift in land use marked by extensive clearing and the abandonment of most crop areas. This shift was linked to the expansion of industrial activities and subsequently to their abandonment during the 20th century

Land use development and environmental responses since the Neolithic around Lake Paladru in the French Pre-alps

land use development and environmental responses since the neolithic around lake paladru in the french pre-alps

audiencethe lake paladru sedimentary archive documents french alps. archive vegetation fire erosion serves reconstruct record years. proxy serves document successive settlements watershed scale. impacts neolithic confirmed archaeological discoveries watershed. developments agropastoral neolithic pile dwelling archaeological baigneurs bronze slash burn documented records fires. iron roman agropastoral livestock farming cereal cultivation became continuous. intensification erosion fire instrument clearing agropastoral landscape tool. medieval diversification crops. thousand pile dwelling colletière occupation deeply sustainably surrounding landscape lake. beginning modern proxies served record marked extensive clearing abandonment crop areas. industrial subsequently abandonment century

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52711203

10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.037

International audienceRecent geological observations in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars show evidence for past glacial activity during the late Amazonian, similar to the integrated glacial landsystems in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The large accumulation of ice (many hundreds of meters) required to create the observed glacial deposits points to significant atmospheric precipitation, snow and ice accumulation, and glacial flow. In order to understand the climate scenario required for these conditions, we used the LMD (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique) Mars GCM (General Circulation Model), which is able to reproduce the present-day water cycle, and to predict past deposition of ice consistent with geological observations in many cases. Prior to this analysis, however, significant mid-latitude glaciation had not been simulated by the model, run under a range of parameters.In this analysis, we studied the response of the GCM to a wider range of orbital configurations and water ice reservoirs, and show that during periods of moderate obliquity (ϵ = 25–35°) and high dust opacity (τdust = 1.5–2.5), broad-scale glaciation in the northern mid-latitudes occurs if water ice deposited on the flanks of the Tharsis volcanoes at higher obliquity is available for sublimation. We find that high dust contents of the atmosphere increase its water vapor holding capacity, thereby moving the saturation region to the northern mid-latitudes. Precipitation events are then controlled by topographic forcing of stationary planetary waves and transient weather systems, producing surface ice distribution and amounts that are consistent with the geological record. Ice accumulation rates of ∼10 mm yr−1 lead to the formation of a 500–1000 m thick regional ice sheet that will produce glacial flow patterns consistent with the geological observations

Amazonian Northern Mid-Latitude Glaciation on Mars: A Proposed Climate Scenario

amazonian northern mid-latitude glaciation on mars: a proposed climate scenario

audiencerecent geological northern latitudes mars glacial amazonian glacial landsystems valleys antarctica. accumulation hundreds meters create glacial deposits precipitation snow accumulation glacial flow. laboratoire météorologie dynamique mars circulation reproduce predict deposition geological cases. latitude glaciation parameters.in wider orbital configurations reservoirs moderate obliquity opacity τdust broad glaciation northern latitudes deposited flanks tharsis volcanoes obliquity sublimation. contents atmosphere vapor holding thereby moving saturation northern latitudes. precipitation topographic forcing stationary planetary transient weather producing amounts geological record. accumulation thick sheet glacial geological

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52730608

10.1016/j.crte.2011.09.004

International audienceWe describe a simple model for prediction of macroseismic intensities adapted to Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles), based on a combination of peak ground acceleration (PGA) predictive equation and a forward relation between acceleration and intensity. The PGA predictive equation is built from a 3-parameter functional form constrained by measurements from permanent accelerometer stations, mostly associated with Les Saintes crustal earthquake (21/11/2004, Mw = 6:3) and its many aftershocks. The forward intensity model is checked on a database of recent instrumental events of various origins with magnitudes 1.6 to 7.4, distances from 4 to 300 km, and observed intensities from I to VIII. Global sigma residual equals 0.8 in the MSK scale, suggesting a larger applicability range than the intermediate PGA predictive equation. The model is presently used by the French Lesser Antilles observatories to produce automatic reports for earthquakes potentially felt

Empirical model for rapid macroseismic intensities prediction in Guadeloupe and Martinique Modèle empirique pour la prédiction rapide des intensités macrosismiques en Guadeloupe et Martinique

empirical model for rapid macroseismic intensities prediction in guadeloupe and martinique modèle empirique pour la prédiction rapide des intensités macrosismiques en guadeloupe et martinique

audiencewe macroseismic intensities adapted guadeloupe martinique lesser antilles acceleration predictive acceleration intensity. predictive built constrained permanent accelerometer stations mostly saintes crustal earthquake aftershocks. checked instrumental origins magnitudes distances intensities viii. sigma residual equals applicability predictive equation. presently french lesser antilles observatories automatic earthquakes potentially felt

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52734275

10.1007/s12665-011-1151-4

International audienceThis paper reports the results of the in situ application of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) passive samplers for trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) monitoring in transboundary Udy and Lopan rivers of the Seversky Donets watershed in the Kharkiv region (Ukraine), which has a long history of industrial development. The research discusses potential sources of DGT-measured labile metals in water and seasonal variations. Our results demonstrate the application of DGT for identifying and measuring labile metal concentrations in contrasted climate conditions (cold snowy winter and hot summer) and appropriateness of such a tool for continuous water monitoring with the presence of an ice cover. Results show that DGT-measured concentrations of most of trace metals were much higher downstream of the wastewater treatment plants discharges than upstream; thus wastewater treatment plants seemed not able to reduce or to remove trace metals' contaminations and become major sources of pollutants in the studied rivers. The calculation of the average metal fluxes based on the DGT-measured concentrations confirmed that the urban wastewater discharges significantly contribute to the metal fluxes into the Udy and the Lopan rivers during both low-flow and high-flow periods. Compared to the wastewaters inputs to the rivers, the transboundary effect is limited, but should be taken into account as the origin of some metals is from sources located on the adjacent Russian territory

Monitoring and flux determination of trace metals in rivers of the Seversky Donets basin (Ukraine) using DGT passive samplers

monitoring and flux determination of trace metals in rivers of the seversky donets basin (ukraine) using dgt passive samplers

audiencethis situ diffusive gradients films passive samplers trace metals transboundary lopan rivers seversky donets watershed kharkiv ukraine industrial development. discusses labile metals seasonal variations. identifying measuring labile contrasted cold snowy winter summer appropriateness cover. trace metals downstream wastewater discharges upstream wastewater seemed remove trace metals contaminations pollutants rivers. fluxes confirmed wastewater discharges fluxes lopan rivers periods. wastewaters inputs rivers transboundary metals adjacent russian territory

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52734979

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.027

International audienceSince the discovery of bromine oxide (BrO) in volcanic emissions, there has been speculation concerning its role in chemical evolution and notably ozone depletion in volcanic plumes. We report the first measurements using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) of BrO in the tropospheric plume of the persistently degassing Erebus volcano (Antarctica). These are the first observations pertaining to emissions from an alkaline phonolitic magma. The observed BrO/SO2 ratio of 2.5 x 10-4 is similar to that measured at andesitic arc volcanoes. The high abundance of BrO is consistent with high abundances of F and Cl relative to sulfur in the Erebus plume. Our estimations of HBr flux and BrO production rate suggest that reactive bromine chemistry can explain a 35% loss of tropospheric O3 observed in the Erebus plume at approximately 30 km from source (Oppenheimer et al., 2010). Erebus also has a permanent lava lake, which could result in generation of NOx by thermal fixation of atmospheric N2 at the hot lava surface. Any NOx emission could play a potent role in reactive bromine chemistry. However, the presence of NO2 could not be detected in the plume, about 400 m above the lake, in our DOAS observations of 2005. Nor could we reproduce spectroscopic retrievals that reportedly identified NO2 in DOAS observations from 2003 made of the Erebus plume (Oppenheimer et al., 2005). Based on the NO2 detection limit of our analysis, we can state an upper limit of the NO2/SO2 ratio of ≤ 0.012, an order of magnitude lower than previously reported. Our new result supports a rapid oxidation of NOx in the young plume and is more consistent with measurements of NOy species measured using an instrumented aircraft flying in the plume. Model simulations, tuned for Erebus, were performed to reproduce the BrO/SO2 observed in the young plume and to investigate the impact of NOx emissions at source on the subsequent formation of BrO in the plume. They support our hypothesis of rapid conversion of NOx to NOy in the vicinity of the lava lake. This study thus places new constraints on the interaction between reactive nitrogen and bromine species in volcanic plumes, and its effects on ozone

On bromine, nitrogen oxides and ozone depletion in the tropospheric plume of Erebus volcano (Antarctica)

on bromine, nitrogen oxides and ozone depletion in the tropospheric plume of erebus volcano (antarctica)

audiencesince discovery bromine oxide volcanic speculation concerning notably ozone depletion volcanic plumes. spectroscopy doas tropospheric plume persistently degassing erebus volcano antarctica pertaining alkaline phonolitic magma. andesitic volcanoes. abundance abundances sulfur erebus plume. estimations reactive bromine tropospheric erebus plume oppenheimer erebus permanent lava lake fixation lava surface. potent reactive bromine chemistry. plume lake doas reproduce spectroscopic retrievals reportedly doas erebus plume oppenheimer reported. supports oxidation plume instrumented aircraft flying plume. tuned erebus reproduce plume plume. conversion vicinity lava lake. places reactive nitrogen bromine volcanic plumes ozone

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52736607

10.1007/s00024-010-0204-z

International audienceThe study of the geochemical compositions and K-Ar or Ar-Ar ages of ca. 350 Neogene and Quaternary lavas from Baja California, the Gulf of California and Sonora allows us to discuss the nature of their mantle or crustal sources, the conditions of their melting and the tectonic regime prevailing during their genesis and emplacement. Nine petrographic/geochemical groups are distinguished: ''regular'' calc-alkaline lavas; adakites; magnesian andesites and related basalts and basaltic andesites; niobium-enriched basalts; alkali basalts and trachybasalts; oceanic (MORB-type) basalts; tholeiitic/transitional basalts and basaltic andesites; peralkaline rhyolites (comendites); and icelandites. We show that the spatial and temporal distribution of these lava types provides constraints on their sources and the geodynamic setting controlling their partial melting. Three successive stages are distinguished. Between 23 and 13 Ma, calc-alkaline lavas linked to the subduction of the Pacific-Farallon plate formed the Comondu' and central coast of the Sonora volcanic arc. In the extensional domain of western Sonora, lithospheric mantle-derived tholeiitic to transitional basalts and basaltic andesites were emplaced within the southern extension of the Basin and Range province. The end of the Farallon subduction was marked by the emplacement of much more complex Middle to Late Miocene volcanic associations, between 13 and 7 Ma. Calc-alkaline activity became sporadic and was replaced by unusual post-subduction magma types including adakites, niobium-enriched basalts, magnesian andesites, comendites and icelandites. The spatial and temporal distribution of these lavas is consistent with the development of a slab tear, evolving into a 200-km-wide slab window sub-parallel to the trench, and extending from the Pacific coast of Baja California to coastal Sonora. Tholeiitic, transitional and alkali basalts of subslab origin ascended through this window, and adakites derived from the partial melting of its upper lip, relatively close to the trench. Calcalkaline lavas, magnesian andesites and niobium-enriched basalts formed from hydrous melting of the supraslab mantle triggered by the uprise of hot Pacific asthenosphere through the window. During the Plio-Quaternary, the ''no-slab'' regime following the sinking of the old part of the Farallon plate within the deep mantle allowed the emplacement of alkali and tholeiitic/transitional basalts of deep asthenospheric origin in Baja California and Sonora. The lithospheric rupture connected with the opening of the Gulf of California generated a high thermal regime associated to asthenospheric uprise and emplaced Quaternary depleted MORB-type tholeiites. This thermal regime also induced partial melting of the thinned lithospheric mantle of the Gulf area, generating calcalkaline lavas as well as adakites derived from slivers of oceanic crust incorporated within this mantle

Volcanic Markers of the Post-Subduction Evolution of Baja California and Sonora, Mexico: Slab Tearing Versus Lithospheric Rupture of the Gulf of California

volcanic markers of the post-subduction evolution of baja california and sonora, mexico: slab tearing versus lithospheric rupture of the gulf of california

audiencethe geochemical compositions ages neogene quaternary lavas baja california gulf california sonora mantle crustal melting tectonic prevailing genesis emplacement. nine petrographic geochemical distinguished calc alkaline lavas adakites magnesian andesites basalts basaltic andesites niobium enriched basalts alkali basalts trachybasalts oceanic morb basalts tholeiitic transitional basalts basaltic andesites peralkaline rhyolites comendites icelandites. lava geodynamic controlling melting. successive distinguished. calc alkaline lavas subduction pacific farallon plate comondu coast sonora volcanic arc. extensional sonora lithospheric mantle tholeiitic transitional basalts basaltic andesites emplaced southern basin province. farallon subduction marked emplacement miocene volcanic associations calc alkaline became sporadic replaced unusual subduction magma adakites niobium enriched basalts magnesian andesites comendites icelandites. lavas slab tear evolving slab window trench extending pacific coast baja california coastal sonora. tholeiitic transitional alkali basalts subslab ascended window adakites melting trench. calcalkaline lavas magnesian andesites niobium enriched basalts hydrous melting supraslab mantle triggered uprise pacific asthenosphere window. plio quaternary slab sinking farallon plate mantle emplacement alkali tholeiitic transitional basalts asthenospheric baja california sonora. lithospheric rupture opening gulf california asthenospheric uprise emplaced quaternary depleted morb tholeiites. melting thinned lithospheric mantle gulf generating calcalkaline lavas adakites slivers oceanic crust incorporated mantle

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52760768

10.1016/j.crte.2007.10.008

International audienceThe Central Asia Orogenic Belt (CAOB) corresponds to the domain where Siberia and Mongolia were welded to North China. The eastern extension of the CAOB in NE China is disputed, since both suture location and timing are poorly documented. This paper reports for the first time the recognition of two suture zones in the southern part of Northeast China (Manchuria), between the Fushun Mishan and Yilan-Yitong faults. In the Jilin Province, west-directed thrust sheets involving successively, from west to east, passive continental margin rocks, metamorphic rocks and ophiolites, block-in-matrix formations and arc plutons indicate a Permian–Early Triassic collision. In the Liaoning Province, arc plutonism and top-to-the-north ductile shearing, coeval with the emplacement of an ophiolitic nappe, suggest a Palaeozoic collision. These two sutures are correlated with the Ondor Sum and Solonker sutures, described in Inner Mongolia. A new geodynamic model involving rifting and collision of the southern part of the Xilinhot Block with North China is proposed

Permian–Triassic amalgamation of Asia: Insights from Northeast China sutures and their place in the final collision of North China and Siberia

permian–triassic amalgamation of asia: insights from northeast china sutures and their place in the final collision of north china and siberia

audiencethe asia orogenic belt caob siberia mongolia welded china. eastern caob disputed suture timing poorly documented. recognition suture zones southern northeast manchuria fushun mishan yilan yitong faults. jilin province west directed thrust sheets involving successively west east passive continental margin rocks metamorphic rocks ophiolites formations plutons permian–early triassic collision. liaoning province plutonism ductile shearing coeval emplacement ophiolitic nappe palaeozoic collision. sutures ondor solonker sutures mongolia. geodynamic involving rifting collision southern xilinhot

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52836611

10.1007/s00607-016-0503-z

International audienceWith the emergence of the Future Internet and the dawning of new IT models such as cloud computing, the usage of data centers (DC), and consequently their power consumption, increase dramatically. Besides the ecological impact, the energy consumption is a predominant criterion for DC providers since it determines the daily cost of their infrastructure. As a consequence, power management becomes one of the main challenges for DC infrastructures and more generally for large-scale distributed systems. In this paper, we present the EpoCloud prototype, from hardware to middleware layers. This prototype aims at optimizing the energy consumption of mono-site Cloud DCs connected to the regular electrical grid and to renewable-energy sources

Towards energy-proportional Clouds partially powered by renewable energy

towards energy-proportional clouds partially powered by renewable energy

audiencewith emergence internet dawning usage centers dramatically. besides ecological predominant criterion providers determines infrastructure. challenges infrastructures systems. epocloud prototype hardware middleware layers. prototype aims optimizing mono electrical renewable

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52871678

10.1016/j.patrec.2010.09.005

International audienceWe propose a purely discrete deformable partition model for segmenting 3D images. Its main ability is to maintain the topology of the partition during the minimization process. To do so, our main contribution is a new definition of multi-label simple points (ML simple point) that is easily computable. An ML simple point can be relabeled without modifying the overall topology of the partition. The definition is based on intervoxel properties, and uses the notion of collapse on cubical complexes. This work is an extension of a former restricted definition [DupasAl09] that prohibits the move of intersections of boundary surfaces. A deformation process is carried out with a greedy energy minimization algorithm. A discrete area estimator is used to approach at best standard regularizers classically used in continuous energy minimizing methods. We illustrate the potential of our approach with the segmentation of 3D medical images with known expected topology

Fully Deformable 3D Digital Partition Model with Topological Control

fully deformable 3d digital partition model with topological control

audiencewe propose purely deformable partition segmenting images. maintain topology partition minimization process. label computable. relabeled modifying topology partition. intervoxel notion collapse cubical complexes. former restricted dupasal prohibits move intersections surfaces. deformation greedy minimization algorithm. estimator regularizers classically minimizing methods. illustrate segmentation topology

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52895910

10.1063/1.4953870

International audienceAn imaging technique associating a slowly intermittent contact mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a home-made multi-purpose resistance sensing device is presented. It aims at extending the widespread resistance measurements classically operated in contact mode AFM to broaden their application fields to soft materials (molecular electronics, biology) and fragile or weakly anchored nano-objects, for which nanoscale electrical characterization is highly demanded and often proves to be a challenging task in contact mode. Compared with the state of the art concerning less aggressive solutions for AFM electrical imaging, our technique brings a significantly wider range of resistance measurement (over 10 decades) without any manual switching, which is a major advantage for the characterization of materials with large on-sample resistance variations. After describing the basics of the set-up, we report on preliminary investigations focused on academic samples of self-assembled monolayers with various thicknesses as a demonstrator of the imaging capabilities of our instrument, from qualitative and semi-quantitative viewpoints. Then two application examples are presented, regarding an organic photovoltaic thin film and an array of individual vertical carbon nanotubes. Both attest the relevance of the technique for the control and optimization of technological processe

Wide range local resistance imaging on fragile materials by conducting probe atomic force microscopy in intermittent contact mode

wide range local resistance imaging on fragile materials by conducting probe atomic force microscopy in intermittent contact mode

audiencean associating slowly intermittent microscopy home sensing presented. aims extending widespread classically operated broaden electronics fragile weakly anchored nano nanoscale electrical demanded proves challenging mode. concerning aggressive electrical brings wider decades manual switching advantage variations. describing basics preliminary investigations focused academic assembled monolayers thicknesses demonstrator capabilities instrument qualitative viewpoints. photovoltaic film array nanotubes. attest relevance technological processe

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52896666

10.1007/978-3-642-13244-5_6

International audienceIn this paper, we present preliminary evidence suggesting that the voting mechanism implemented by the open-source Firefox community is a means to provide a supplementary voice to mainstream users. This evidence is drawn from a sample of bug-reports and from information on voters both found within the bug-tracking system (Bugzilla) for Firefox. Although voting is known to be a relatively common feature within the governance structure of many open-source communities, our paper suggests that it also plays a role as a bridge between the mainstream users in the periphery of the community and developers at the core: voters who do not participate in other activities within the community, the more peripheral, tend to vote for the more user-oriented Firefox module; moreover, bugs declared and first patched by members of the periphery and bug rather solved in “I” mode tend to receive more votes; meanwhile, more votes are associated with an increased involvement of core members of the community in the provision of patches, quite possibly as a consequence of the increased efforts and attention that the highly voted bugs attract from the core

Voting for bugs in Firefox: a voice for Mom and Dad?

voting for bugs in firefox: a voice for mom and dad?

audiencein preliminary voting implemented firefox supplementary voice mainstream users. drawn voters tracking bugzilla firefox. voting governance communities plays bridge mainstream periphery developers voters participate peripheral tend vote oriented firefox module bugs declared patched periphery solved tend receive votes meanwhile votes involvement provision patches possibly efforts voted bugs attract

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52897405

10.1063/1.3604013

International audienceGamma-ray beams with optimal and tuneable size, temperature, and dose are of great interest for a large variety of applications. These photons can be produced by the conversion of energetic electrons through the bremsstrahlung process in a dense material. This work presents the experimental demonstration of 30 μm resolution radiography of dense objects using an optimized gamma-ray source, produced with a high-quality electron beam delivered by a compact laser-plasma accelerator

Compact and high-quality gamma-ray source applied to 10 μm-range resolution radiography

compact and high-quality gamma-ray source applied to 10 μm-range resolution radiography

audiencegamma beams tuneable great applications. photons conversion energetic bremsstrahlung dense material. presents demonstration radiography dense optimized gamma delivered accelerator

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52902698

10.1103/PhysRevB.87.094506

11 pagesInternational audienceWe present a comprehensive overview of vortex pinning in single crystals of the isovalently substituted iron-based superconductor BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$, a material that qualifies as an archetypical clean superconductor, containing only sparse strong point--like pins [in the sense of C.J. van der Beek {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 66}, 024523 (2002)]. Widely varying critical current values for nominally similar compositions show that flux pinning is of extrinsic origin. Vortex configurations, imaged using the Bitter decoration method, show less density fluctuations than those previously observed in charge-doped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals. Analysis reveals that the pinning force and -energy distributions depend on the P-content $x$. However, they are always much narrower than in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$, a result that is attributed to the weaker temperature dependence of the superfluid density on approaching $T_{c}$ in BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$. Critical current density measurements and pinning force distributions independently yield a mean distance between effective pinning centers $\overline{\mathcal L} \sim 90$~nm, increasing with increasing P-content $x$. This evolution can be understood as being the consequence of the P-dependence of the London penetration depth. Further salient features are a wide vortex free ''Meissner belt'', observed at the edge of overdoped crystals, and characteristic chain-like vortex arrangements, observed at all levels of P-substitution

Disorder, critical currents, and vortex pinning energies in isovalently substituted BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$

disorder, critical currents, and vortex pinning energies in isovalently substituted bafe$_{2}$(as$_{1-x}$p$_{x}$)$_{2}$

pagesinternational audiencewe comprehensive overview vortex pinning crystals isovalently substituted iron superconductor bafe qualifies archetypical clean superconductor sparse pins c.j. beek phys. rev. widely nominally compositions pinning extrinsic origin. vortex configurations imaged bitter decoration doped crystals. reveals pinning narrower attributed weaker superfluid approaching bafe pinning independently pinning centers overline mathcal understood penetration depth. salient vortex meissner belt overdoped crystals vortex arrangements substitution

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52947487

10.1023/A:1009651624257

The paper reviews base-year emission inventories, driving forces, and long-term scenarios of sulfur emissions as background material for developing a new set of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios. The paper concludes that future sulfur emission trends will be spatially heterogeneous (decline in OECD countries, rapid increase particularly in Asia) and therefore cannot be modeled on a global scale only. In view of ecosystems and food production impacts future sulfur emissions will also need to be increasingly controlled outside OECD countries. As a result, future sulfur emissions are likely to remain significantly below the values projected in the previous IPCC IS92 high emission scenarios

A Review of Global and Regional Sulfur Emission Scenarios

a review of global and regional sulfur emission scenarios

reviews inventories driving forces scenarios sulfur intergovernmental ipcc scenarios. concludes sulfur spatially heterogeneous decline oecd asia modeled only. ecosystems impacts sulfur increasingly oecd countries. sulfur projected ipcc scenarios

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54014227

10.1002/pon.3947

International audienceObjective: To identify risk factors for lower quality of life (QOL) in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.Methods: Our study included 120 patients from the University Hospital Centers of Tours and Poitiers. This cross-sectional study was conducted 7 months after patients’ breast cancer diagnosis and assessed QOL (Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 = QLQ-C30), socio-demographic characteristics, coping strategies (Brief-Cope), physiological and biological variables (e.g., initial tumor severity, types of treatment received), the existence of major depressive disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and pain severity (QDSA). We assessed personality disorders 3 months after diagnosis (VKP questionnaire). We used multiple linear regression models to determine which factors were associated with physical, emotional and global QOL. Results: Lower physical QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, younger age, a more severe initial tumor stage and the use of the behavioral disengagement coping. Lower emotional QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self-blame and lower use of acceptance coping strategies. Lower global QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self-blame and lower use of positive reframing coping strategies and an absence of hormone therapy.Conclusions: Lower QOL scores were more strongly associated to variables related to the individual’s premorbid psychological characteristics and the manner in which this individual copes with the cancer (e.g., depression, personality and coping) than to cancer-related variables (e.g., treatment types, cancer severity)

Major depressive disorder, personality disorders and coping strategies are independent risk factors for lower quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.

major depressive disorder, personality disorders and coping strategies are independent risk factors for lower quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.

audienceobjective metastatic breast patients.methods centers tours poitiers. sectional patients’ breast questionnaire socio demographic coping brief cope physiological e.g. severity depressive disorder mini neuropsychiatric interview severity qdsa personality disorders questionnaire emotional qol. depressive disorder younger behavioral disengagement coping. emotional depressive disorder personality disorder blame acceptance coping strategies. depressive disorder personality disorder blame reframing coping hormone therapy.conclusions individual’s premorbid psychological manner copes e.g. depression personality coping e.g. severity

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54025859

10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.005

International audienceThe electrical conductivity of basaltic melts has been measured in real-time after fO2 step-changes in order to investigate redox kinetics. Experimental investigations were performed at 1 atm in a vertical furnace between 1200°C and 1400°C using air, pure CO2 or CO/CO2 gas mixtures to buffer oxygen fugacity in the range 10-8 to 0.2 bars. Ferric/ferrous ratios were determined by wet chemical titrations. A small but detectable effect of fO2 on the electrical conductivity is observed. The more reduced the melt, the higher the conductivity. A modified Arrhenian equation accounts for both T and fO2 effects on the electrical conductivity. We show that time-dependent changes in electrical conductivity following fO2 step-changes monitor the rate of Fe2+/Fe3+ changes. The conductivity change with time corresponds to a diffusion-limited process in the case of reduction in CO-CO2 gas mixtures and oxidation in air. However, a reaction at the gas-melt interface probably rate limits oxidation of the melt under pure CO2. Reduction and oxidation rates are similar and both increase with temperature. Those rates range from 10-9 to 10-8m2/s for the temperature interval 1200-1400°C and show activation energy of about 200kJ/mol. The redox mechanism that best explains our results involves a cooperative motion of cations and oxygen, allowing such fast oxidation-reduction rates

Time-dependent changes of the electrical conductivity of basaltic melts with redox state

time-dependent changes of the electrical conductivity of basaltic melts with redox state

audiencethe electrical conductivity basaltic melts redox kinetics. investigations furnace mixtures fugacity bars. ferric ferrous titrations. detectable electrical conductivity observed. melt conductivity. arrhenian accounts electrical conductivity. electrical conductivity monitor changes. conductivity mixtures oxidation air. melt probably oxidation melt oxidation temperature. mol. redox explains involves cooperative cations allowing oxidation

exact_dup

54026049

10.1007/s10933-008-9238-y

International audienceSince the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, hydrology in Europe has been influenced by both climate changes, and since Neolithic times, an increase in human activity. Paleohydrological reconstructions, especially from lake studies, can help identify the respective impact of these two factors. The present work focuses on a lacustrine geosystem, the Sarlie`ve paleolake in the Massif Central (France), in an unusually dry, temperate area. The lake sediment geometry (core drillings, geotechnical methods), and the geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the catchment rocks and soils, and of the lacustrine deposits, indicate major variations in paleohydrology during the last 12,000 years as dated by 14C, palynology and tephrochronology. In addition, a model quantifying detrital versus biochemical lacustrine components was developed to identify hydrological trends. The data show that the Sarlie`ve area was characterized mainly by remarkably dry conditions, hence sharpening the climatic trends at middle latitudes in Western Europe. Three main hydrological phases are distinguished since the Late Glacial: (1) 13.7–7.5 ka cal BP, a dominant dry climate, with a peak at ca. 8 ka cal BP, leading to a lowstand in water level and unusual mineral authigenesis, zeolite then dolomite, constituting up to 60% of the lacustrine sediments; (2) 7.5 to ca. 5.3 ka cal BP, repeated shortduration hydrological alternations that could have been climate-driven: lowstands in water level with up to 60% biochemical minerals versus higher water levels with\10% biochemical minerals; (3) 5.3 ka cal BP to the Middle Ages (i.e. beginning in the 5th century AD), a hydrological trend towards perennial high water level, with mainly detrital sediments, probably linked to climate evolution, except periods of obvious humandriven drying during the last two millennia

Contrasted Late Glacial and Holocene hydrology of Sarlie`ve paleolake (France) from sediment geometry and detrital versus biochemical composition

contrasted late glacial and holocene hydrology of sarlie`ve paleolake (france) from sediment geometry and detrital versus biochemical composition

audiencesince glacial hydrology europe influenced neolithic activity. paleohydrological reconstructions lake respective factors. focuses lacustrine geosystem sarlie paleolake massif unusually temperate area. lake sediment drillings geotechnical geochemical mineralogical catchment rocks soils lacustrine deposits paleohydrology dated palynology tephrochronology. quantifying detrital biochemical lacustrine hydrological trends. sarlie remarkably sharpening climatic latitudes europe. hydrological distinguished glacial lowstand unusual mineral authigenesis zeolite dolomite constituting lacustrine sediments repeated shortduration hydrological alternations lowstands biochemical minerals biochemical minerals ages i.e. beginning century hydrological perennial detrital sediments probably obvious humandriven drying millennia

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61712331

10.1103/PhysRevA.72.033812

[[abstract]]We describe a simple method of the beat-note interferometer that directly and dynamically measures the phase shift of light pulses induced by highly dispersive samples. Using the method, we show intuitively that the storage and retrieval of light pulses in a medium due to the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency is a coherent process and, quantitatively, that there is no observable phase shift caused by the process. This method is sensitive enough that it can be used to measure the phase of a light pulse with energy on the order of a dozen photons.[[fileno]]2010136010037[[department]]物理

Beat-note interferometer for direct phase measurement of photonic information

beat-note interferometer for direct phase measurement of photonic information

beat interferometer dynamically pulses dispersive samples. intuitively storage retrieval pulses electromagnetically transparency coherent quantitatively observable process. dozen photons. fileno

exact_dup

77222482

10.1080/03323315.2013.784636

This paper traces the design, development and trialling of an assessment for learning audit instrument (AfLAi) in use currently in the Republic of Ireland to gauge teachers’ baseline understanding of AfL practices and the extent to which AfL is embedded in their teaching. As described in the paper, the AfLAi consists of 58 items distributed across four scales based on the following key AfL strategies: sharing learning intentions and success criteria, questioning and classroom discussion, feedback, and peer- and –self ssessment. Preliminary data from the study provide a window into current formative assessment practices in Irish primary schools and teachers’ professional needs in AfL

An instrument to audit teachers’ use of assessment for learning

an instrument to audit teachers’ use of assessment for learning

traces trialling audit instrument aflai republic ireland teachers’ practices embedded teaching. aflai items sharing intentions success questioning classroom peer –self ssessment. preliminary window formative practices irish schools teachers’ professional

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82716005

10.1016/j.pt.2016.09.004

Mathematical models of the dynamics of a drug within the host are now frequently used to guide drug development. These generally focus on assessing the efficacy and duration of response to guide patient therapy. Increasingly, antimalarial drugs are used at the population level, to clear infections, provide chemoprevention, and to reduce onward transmission of infection. However, there is less clarity on the extent to which different drug properties are important for these different uses. In addition, the emergence of drug resistance poses new threats to longer-term use and highlights the need for rational drug development. Here, we argue that integrating within-host pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models with mathematical models for the population-level transmission of malaria is key to guiding optimal drug design to aid malaria elimination

Mathematical Modelling to Guide Drug Development for Malaria Elimination

mathematical modelling to guide drug development for malaria elimination

mathematical frequently guide development. assessing efficacy guide therapy. increasingly antimalarial drugs infections chemoprevention onward infection. clarity uses. emergence poses threats highlights rational development. argue integrating pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic mathematical malaria guiding malaria elimination

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84138541

10.1080/17445647.2014.882798

Land Use – Land Cover (LULC) maps have developed remarkably since the global community became aware of the importance of knowing where LULC change is taking place on the Earth's surface. The rapid evolution of geographic information data handling and the automation of satellite image interpretation through remote sensing techniques and algorithms is providing increasingly abundant and up-to-date information on LULC. In addition, at large detail scales, it is important to link LULC maps to available statistical information, such as census information and business activities, which allow land parcels to be more accurately classified. Though automated classification methods can produce useful maps at smaller detail scales, it is not usually possible to accurately map urban areas at large scales without considerable investment of human resources. The development of large-scale information for urban areas is very important, especially in urban areas with accelerated rates of urban change which may jeopardize natural resources and citizens’ quality of life. In this paper, the creation of a set of large detail scale LULC maps and accompanying geodatabase for one such dynamic urban change region, the Madrid Autonomous Community (AC), Spain, is discussed

A highly detailed land-use vector map for Madrid region based on photo-interpretation

a highly detailed land-use vector map for madrid region based on photo-interpretation

cover lulc remarkably became aware knowing lulc earth surface. geographic handling automation satellite remote sensing increasingly abundant lulc. lulc census parcels accurately classified. automated accurately considerable investment resources. accelerated jeopardize citizens’ life. creation lulc accompanying geodatabase madrid autonomous spain

exact_dup

11308879

10.1016/j.snb.2008.11.030

Carbon dioxide gas concentration determination using infrared gas sensors combined with Bayesian regularizing neural networks is presented in this work. Infrared sensor with a measuring range of 0~5% was used to measure carbon dioxide gas concentration within the range 0~15000 ppm. Neural networks were employed to fulfill the nonlinear output of the sensor. The Bayesian strategy was used to regularize the training of the back propagation neural network with a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. By Bayesian regularization (BR), the design of the network was adaptively achieved according to the complexity of the application. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm under Bayesian regularization has better generalization capability, and is more stable than the classical method. The results showed that the Bayesian regulating neural network was a powerful tool for dealing with the infrared gas sensor which has a large non-linear measuring range and provide precise determination of carbon dioxide gas concentration. In this example, the optimal architecture of the network was one neuron in the input and output layer and two neurons in the hidden layer. The network model gave a relationship coefficient of 0.9996 between targets and outputs. The prediction recoveries were within 99.9~100.0%

Non-linear carbon dioxide determination using infrared gas sensors and neural networks with Bayesian regularization

non-linear carbon dioxide determination using infrared gas sensors and neural networks with bayesian regularization

dioxide infrared sensors bayesian regularizing work. infrared sensor measuring dioxide ppm. fulfill sensor. bayesian regularize propagation levenberg marquardt algorithm. bayesian regularization adaptively application. levenberg marquardt bayesian regularization generalization capability method. bayesian regulating powerful dealing infrared sensor measuring precise dioxide concentration. architecture neuron hidden layer. gave targets outputs. recoveries

exact_dup

11310223

10.1007/11878773_2

We describe the objectives and organization of the CLEF 2005 ad hoc track and discuss the main characteristics of the tasks offered to test monolingual, bilingual and multilingual textual document retrieval. The performance achieved for each task is presented and a preliminary analysis of results is given. The paper focuses in particular on the multilingual tasks which reused the test collection created in CLEF 2003 in an attempt to see if an improvement in system performance over time could be measured, and also to examine the multilingual results merging problem

CLEF 2005: Ad Hoc track overview

clef 2005: ad hoc track overview

objectives clef track tasks offered monolingual bilingual multilingual textual document retrieval. preliminary given. focuses multilingual tasks reused created clef attempt examine multilingual merging

exact_dup

11311597

10.1016/j.jedc.2013.01.006

We show that Australian options are equivalent to fixed or floating strike Asian options and consequently that by studying Asian options from the Australian perspective and vice versa, much can be gained. One specific application of this “Australian approach” leads to a natural dimension reduction for the pricing PDE of Asian options, with or without stochastic volatility, featuring time independent coefficients. Another application lies in the improvement of Monte Carlo schemes, where the “Australian approach” results in a path-independent method. We also show how the Milevsky and Posner (1998) result on the reciprocal Γ-approximation for Asian options can be quickly obtained by using the connection to Australian options. Further, we present an analytical (exact) pricing formula for Australian options and adapt a result of Carr et al. (2008) to show that the price of an Australian call option is increasing in the volatility and by doing this answering a standing question by Moreno and Navas (2008)

Asian and Australian options: a common perspective

asian and australian options: a common perspective

australian options floating strike asian options studying asian options australian perspective vice versa gained. “australian approach” pricing asian options stochastic volatility featuring coefficients. lies monte carlo schemes “australian approach” method. milevsky posner reciprocal asian options quickly connection australian options. pricing australian options adapt carr australian call option volatility answering standing moreno navas

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11991925

10.1007/s00466-008-0245-7

The paper aims to introduce new fluid–structure interaction (FSI) tests to compare experimental results with numerical ones. The examples have been chosen for a particular case for which experimental results are not much reported. This is the case of FSI including free surface flows. The possibilities of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) [1] for the simulation of free surface flows is also tested. The simulations are run using the same scale as the experiment in order to minimize errors due to scale effects. Different scenarios are simulated by changing the boundary conditions for reproducing flows with the desired characteristics. Details of the input data for all the examples studied are given. The aim is to identifying benchmark problems for FSI including free surface flows for future comparisons between different numerical approaches

Interaction between an elastic structure and free-surface flows: experimental versus numerical comparisons using the PFEM.

interaction between an elastic structure and free-surface flows: experimental versus numerical comparisons using the pfem.

aims fluid–structure ones. reported. flows. possibilities pfem flows tested. minimize effects. scenarios changing reproducing flows desired characteristics. given. identifying benchmark flows comparisons

exact_dup

11992348

10.1063/1.3005862

Budgets for the nonzero components of the Reynolds-stress tensor are presented for numerical channels with Reynolds numbers in the range Reτ ≤180–2000. The scaling of the different terms is discussed, both above and within the buffer and viscous layers. Above (x_2^+)≈150, most budget components scale reasonably well with u_t^3/h, but the scaling with (u_t^4)/v is generally poor below that level. That is especially true for the dissipations and for the pressure-related terms. The former is traced to the effect of the wall-parallel large-scale motions, and the latter to the scaling of the pressure itself. It is also found that the pressure terms scale better near the wall when they are not separated into their diffusion and deviatoric components, but mostly only because the two terms tend to cancel each other in the viscous sublayer. The budgets, together with their statistical uncertainties, are available electronically from http://torroja.dmt.upm.es/channels

Reynolds number effects on the Reynolds-stress budgets in turbulent channels

reynolds number effects on the reynolds-stress budgets in turbulent channels

budgets nonzero reynolds reynolds viscous layers. budget reasonably level. dissipations terms. former traced motions itself. separated deviatoric mostly tend cancel viscous sublayer. budgets electronically

exact_dup

11992441

10.1007/s10955-008-9612-1

It was recently shown (Physica A 216:299–315, 1995) that in two dimensions the sum of three vectors each of whose lengths is exponentially distributed, whose direction is uniformly distributed and such that the sum of their lengths is l, is uniformly distributed on a disk of radius l. We state here this random walk result in terms of scattering of particles as follows: in two dimensions twice isotropically scattered particles by random (i.e., Poisson distributed) scatterers are uniformly distributed. We show that there is no other dimension d and no other number of scatterings s for which the corresponding result (i.e., uniform distribution on a d-dimensional sphere after s scatterings) holds

Twice Scattered Particles in a Plane are Uniformly Distributed

twice scattered particles in a plane are uniformly distributed

physica lengths exponentially uniformly lengths uniformly walk twice isotropically scattered i.e. poisson scatterers uniformly distributed. scatterings i.e. sphere scatterings

exact_dup

11994170

10.1016/j.molimm.2009.07.028

Peach non-specific lipid transfer protein (Pru p 3; nsLTP) has been characterized as the major food allergen in the adult Mediterranean population. Its wheat homologous protein, Tri a 14 has a relevant inhalant allergen in occupational baker's asthma. Different sensitization patterns to these allergens have been found in patients with this latter disorder. The objective of the present study was to characterize IgE epitopes of Tri a 14 and to compare them with those of Pru p 3 using three complementary strategies: the analysis of IgE-binding capacity of decapeptides bound to membrane, the identification of mimotopes using a phage display random peptide library, and the analysis of the surface electrostatic potential of both allergens. Thus, synthetic overlapping decapeptides, covering the Pru p 3 and Tri a 14 amino acid sequences, were used to identify sequential regions involved in recognition of IgE from baker's asthma patients sensitized to both nsLTPs. A phage display library was screened with total IgE from the same patients, and positive clones sequentially selected using the purified allergens, allowed to identify mimotopes (conformational epitopes) of Tri a 14 and Pru p 3. Both sequential regions and mimotopes were localized in the corresponding 3D molecular surface and their electrostatic properties were analyzed. Common sequential regions with strong IgE-binding capacity (residues 31–40 and 71–80) were identified in Tri a 14 and Pru p 3, whereas regions Tri a 1451–60 and Pru p 311–20 were found specific of each allergen. A major conformational epitope (mimotope), L34H35N36R39S40S42D43G74V75L77P78Y79T80, which comprised the two common sequential epitopes, was located in Tri a 14, and a very similar one in Pru p 3. However, differences were detected on the surface electrostatic potential of both mimotopes: a first part (around residues 31–45) showed similar positive features in both allergens, whereas a second part (around residues 74–80) was markedly negative in Tri a 14 but neutral-positive in Pru p 3. Tri a 14 and Pru p 3 have a similar conformational region involved in IgE-binding, although their electrostatic features are different. Additionally, common and specific sequential IgE-binding regions were mapped in both allergens. These findings could be instrumental in understanding the cross-reactivity and specificity of sensitization to both homologous allergens

Molecular basis of allergen cross-reactivity: Non-specific lipid transfer proteins from wheat flour and peach fruit as models

molecular basis of allergen cross-reactivity: non-specific lipid transfer proteins from wheat flour and peach fruit as models

peach nsltp allergen mediterranean population. wheat homologous inhalant allergen occupational baker asthma. sensitization allergens disorder. characterize epitopes complementary decapeptides mimotopes phage display library electrostatic allergens. synthetic overlapping decapeptides covering sequential recognition baker asthma sensitized nsltps. phage display library screened clones sequentially purified allergens mimotopes conformational epitopes sequential mimotopes localized electrostatic analyzed. sequential allergen. conformational epitope mimotope comprised sequential epitopes electrostatic mimotopes allergens markedly neutral conformational electrostatic different. additionally sequential mapped allergens. instrumental reactivity specificity sensitization homologous allergens

exact_dup

11994988

10.1007/0-387-21791-6_6

Many powerful techniques from Hamiltonian mechanics are available for the study of ideal hydrodynamics. This article explores some of the consequences of including small viscosity in a study of surface gravity-capillary waves excited by the vertical vibration of a container. It is shown that in this system, as in others, the addition of small viscosity provides a singular perturbation of the ideal fluid system, and that as a result its effects are nontrivial. The relevance of existing studies of ideal fluid problems is discussed from this point of view

Nearly inviscid Faraday waves

nearly inviscid faraday waves

powerful mechanics ideal hydrodynamics. explores consequences viscosity capillary excited vibration container. viscosity singular perturbation ideal nontrivial. relevance ideal

exact_dup

11998970

10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.021

In this work we propose a method for cleaving silicon-based photonic chips by using a laser based micromachining system, consisting of a ND:YVO4laser emitting at 355 nm in nanosecond pulse regime and a micropositioning system. The laser makes grooved marks placed at the desired locations and directions where cleaves have to be initiated, and after several processing steps, a crack appears and propagate along the crystallographic planes of the silicon wafer. This allows cleavage of the chips automatically and with high positioning accuracy, and provides polished vertical facets with better quality than the obtained with other cleaving process, which eases the optical characterization of photonic devices.\ud \ud This method has been found to be particularly useful when cleaving small-sized chips, where manual cleaving is hard to perform; and also for polymeric waveguides, whose facets get damaged or even destroyed with polishing or manual cleaving processing. Influence of length of the grooved line and speed of processing is studied for a variety of silicon chips. An application for cleaving and characterizing sol–gel waveguides is presented. The total amount of light coupled is higher than when using any other procedure

UV laser-induced high resolution cleaving of Si wafers for micro-nano devices and polymeric waveguide characterization

uv laser-induced high resolution cleaving of si wafers for micro-nano devices and polymeric waveguide characterization

propose cleaving silicon photonic chips micromachining consisting emitting nanosecond micropositioning system. grooved marks placed desired locations directions cleaves initiated crack propagate crystallographic planes silicon wafer. cleavage chips automatically positioning polished facets cleaving eases photonic devices. cleaving sized chips manual cleaving polymeric waveguides facets damaged destroyed polishing manual cleaving processing. grooved silicon chips. cleaving characterizing sol–gel waveguides presented.

exact_dup

11999521

10.1002/fld.2571

The aim of this paper is to clarify the role played by the most commonly used viscous terms in simulating viscous laminar flows using the weakly compressible approach in the context of smooth particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH). To achieve this, Takeda et al. (Prog. Theor. Phys. 1994; 92(5):939–960), Morris et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 1997; 136:214–226) and Monaghan–Cleary–Gingold's (Appl. Math. Model. 1998; 22(12):981–993; Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2005; 365:199–213) viscous terms will be analysed, discussing their origins, structures and conservation properties. Their performance will be monitored with canonical flows of which related viscosity phenomena are well understood, and in which boundary effects are not relevant. Following the validation process of three previously published examples, two vortex flows of engineering importance have been studied. First, an isolated Lamb–Oseen vortex evolution where viscous effects are dominant and second, a pair of co-rotating vortices in which viscous effects are combined with transport phenomena. The corresponding SPH solutions have been compared to finite-element numerical solutions. The SPH viscosity model's behaviour in modelling the viscosity related effects for these canonical flows is adequat

WCSPH viscosity diffusion processes in vortex flows

wcsph viscosity diffusion processes in vortex flows

clarify played commonly viscous simulating viscous laminar flows weakly compressible hydrodynamics wcsph takeda prog. theor. phys. morris comput. phys. monaghan–cleary–gingold appl. math. model. monthly notices royal astronomical viscous analysed discussing origins conservation properties. monitored canonical flows viscosity phenomena understood relevant. validation vortex flows studied. lamb–oseen vortex viscous rotating vortices viscous phenomena. solutions. viscosity viscosity canonical flows adequat

exact_dup

11999830

10.1093/pcp/pcq177

The outer plastid envelope protein OEP16-1 was previously identified as an amino acid-selective channel protein and translocation pore for NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA). Reverse genetic approaches used to dissect these mutually not exclusive functions of OEP16-1 in planta have led to descriptions of different phenotypes resulting from the presence of several mutant lines in the SALK_024018 seed stock. In addition to the T-DNA insertion in the AtOEP16-1 gene, lines were purified that contain two additional T-DNA insertions and as yet unidentified point mutations. In a first attempt to resolve the genetic basis of four different lines in the SALK_024018 seed stock, we used genetic transformation with the OEP16-1 cDNA and segregation analyses after crossing out presumed point mutations. We show that AtOEP16-1 is involved in PORA precursor import and by virtue of this activity confers photoprotection onto etiolated seedlings during greenin

The Outer Chloroplast Envelope Protein OEP16-1 for Plastid Import of NADPH:Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase A in Arabidopsis thaliana

the outer chloroplast envelope protein oep16-1 for plastid import of nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase a in arabidopsis thaliana

outer plastid envelope identified selective translocation pore nadph protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase pora reverse dissect mutually exclusive planta descriptions phenotypes salk seed stock. insertion atoep purified insertions unidentified mutations. attempt resolve salk seed stock cdna segregation crossing presumed mutations. atoep pora precursor import virtue confers photoprotection etiolated seedlings greenin

exact_dup

12000885

10.1088/0031-9155/55/7/004

A fully 3D iterative image reconstruction algorithm has been developed for high-resolution PET cameras composed of pixelated scintillator crystal arrays and rotating planar detectors, based on the ordered subsets approach. The associated system matrix is precalculated with Monte Carlo methods that incorporate physical effects not included in analytical models, such as positron range effects and interaction of the incident gammas with the scintillator material. Custom Monte Carlo methodologies have been developed and optimized for modelling of system matrices for fast iterative image reconstruction adapted to specific scanner geometries, without redundant calculations. According to the methodology proposed here, only one-eighth of the voxels within two central transaxial slices need to be modelled in detail. The rest of the system matrix elements can be obtained with the aid of axial symmetries and redundancies, as well as in-plane symmetries within transaxial slices. Sparse matrix techniques for the non-zero system matrix elements are employed, allowing for fast execution of the image reconstruction process. This 3D image reconstruction scheme has been compared in terms of image quality to a 2D fast implementation of the OSEM algorithm combined with Fourier rebinning approaches. This work confirms the superiority of fully 3D OSEM in terms of spatial resolution, contrast recovery and noise reduction as compared to conventional 2D approaches based on rebinning schemes. At the same time it demonstrates that fully 3D methodologies can be efficiently applied to the image reconstruction problem for high-resolution rotational PET cameras by applying accurate pre-calculated system models and taking advantage of the system's symmetries

Efficient methodologies for system matrix modelling in iterative image reconstruction for rotating high-resolution PET

efficient methodologies for system matrix modelling in iterative image reconstruction for rotating high-resolution pet

iterative reconstruction cameras composed pixelated scintillator arrays rotating planar detectors ordered subsets approach. precalculated monte carlo incorporate positron incident gammas scintillator material. custom monte carlo methodologies optimized iterative reconstruction adapted scanner geometries redundant calculations. methodology eighth voxels transaxial slices modelled detail. axial symmetries redundancies symmetries transaxial slices. sparse allowing execution reconstruction process. reconstruction osem fourier rebinning approaches. confirms superiority osem recovery rebinning schemes. demonstrates methodologies efficiently reconstruction rotational cameras advantage symmetries

exact_dup

12000890

10.1016/j.jss.2011.05.059

This article focuses on the evaluation of a biometric technique based on the performance of an identifying gesture by holding a telephone with an embedded accelerometer in his/her hand. The acceleration signals obtained when users perform gestures are analyzed following a mathematical method based on global sequence alignment. In this article, eight different scores are proposed and evaluated in order to quantify the differences between gestures, obtaining an optimal EER result of 3.42% when analyzing a random set of 40 users of a database made up of 80 users with real attempts of falsification. Moreover, a temporal study of the technique is presented leeding to the need to update the template to adapt the manner in which users modify how they perform their identifying gesture over time. Six updating schemes have been assessed within a database of 22 users repeating their identifying gesture in 20 sessions over 4 months, concluding that the more often the template is updated the better and more stable performance the technique presents

Score optimization and template updating in a biometric technique for authentication in mobiles based on gestures

score optimization and template updating in a biometric technique for authentication in mobiles based on gestures

focuses biometric identifying gesture holding telephone embedded accelerometer hand. acceleration gestures mathematical alignment. eight quantify gestures obtaining analyzing attempts falsification. leeding update template adapt manner modify identifying gesture time. updating schemes repeating identifying gesture sessions concluding template updated presents

exact_dup

12002446

10.1016/j.tsf.2012.03.020

The optoelectronic properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 and environmental considerations have attracted significant interest for photovoltaics. Using first-principles, we analyze the possible improvement of this material as a photovoltaic absorber via the isoelectronic substitution of S with O atoms. The evolution of the acceptor level is analyzed with respect to the atomic position of the nearest neighbors of the O atom. We estimate the maximum efficiency of this compound when used as a light absorber. The presence of the sub-band gap level below the conduction band could increases the solar-energy conversion with respect to the host

Effect of the oxygen isoelectronic substitution in Cu2ZnSnS4 and its photovoltaic application

effect of the oxygen isoelectronic substitution in cu2znsns4 and its photovoltaic application

optoelectronic znsns considerations attracted photovoltaics. principles analyze photovoltaic absorber isoelectronic substitution atoms. acceptor nearest neighbors atom. compound absorber. conduction conversion

exact_dup

12031864

10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.03.008

This paper examines the nexus between political instability and economic growth in 10 CEE countries in transition in the period 1990-2009. Our results support the contention that political instability defined as a propensity for government change had a negative impact on growth. On the other hand, there was no causality in the opposite direction. A sensitivity analysis based on the application of a few hundred different variants of the initial econometric model confirmed the abovementioned findings only in the case where major government changes were applied to the definition of political instability.

Political instability and economic growth: Evidence from two decades of transition in CEE

political instability and economic growth: evidence from two decades of transition in cee

examines nexus instability contention instability propensity growth. causality opposite direction. hundred variants econometric confirmed abovementioned instability.

exact_dup

141487153

10.1016/j.envsci.2016.12.001

Rooftop agriculture (RA) is an innovative form of urban agriculture that takes advantage of unused urban spaces while promoting local food production. However, the implementation of RA projects is limited due to stakeholders’ perceived risks. Such risks should be addressed and minimized in policymaking processes to ensure the sustainable deployment of RA initiatives. This paper evaluates the risks that stakeholders perceive in RA and compares these perceptions with the currently available knowledge, including scientific literature, practices and market trends. Qualitative interviews with 56 stakeholders from Berlin and Barcelona were analyzed for this purpose. The results show that perceived risks can be grouped into five main categories: i) risks associated with urban integration (e.g., conflicts with images of “agriculture”), ii) risks associated with the production system (e.g., gentrification potential), iii) risks associated with food products (e.g., soil-less growing techniques are “unnatural”), iv) environmental risks (e.g., limited organic certification) and v) economic risks (e.g., competition with other rooftop uses). These risks are primarily related to a lack of (scientific) knowledge, insufficient communication and non-integrative policymaking. We offer recommendations for efficient project design and policymaking processes. In particular, demonstration and dissemination activities as well as participatory policymaking can narrow the communication gap between RA developers and citizens

Risks in urban rooftop agriculture: assessing stakeholders’ perceptions to ensure efficient policy-making

risks in urban rooftop agriculture: assessing stakeholders’ perceptions to ensure efficient policy-making

rooftop agriculture innovative agriculture advantage unused promoting production. projects stakeholders’ perceived risks. risks addressed minimized policymaking ensure sustainable deployment initiatives. evaluates risks stakeholders perceive compares perceptions practices trends. qualitative interviews stakeholders berlin barcelona purpose. perceived risks grouped categories risks e.g. conflicts “agriculture” risks e.g. gentrification risks e.g. growing “unnatural” risks e.g. certification risks e.g. competition rooftop risks primarily insufficient integrative policymaking. offer recommendations policymaking processes. demonstration dissemination participatory policymaking narrow developers citizens

exact_dup

143691491

10.1007/s12289-009-0497-6

In this paper, a hybrid analytical-numerical approach is performed for the orthogonal cutting process. The modelling of the thermomechanical material flow in the primary shear zone, the tool-chip contact length and the sliding-sticking zones are obtained from an analytical approach. In addition, the Finite Element method is used to solve the non linear thermal problem in the chip. Our aim is to propose an approach which can easily be used to identify the main parameters governing tool wear and to explain the experimental trends. The effects of cutting conditions and material behaviour on the sliding-sticking zones and on the temperature distribution along the tool-chip interface can be evaluated from this approach. It has been found that the sliding-sticking zones at the tool-chip interface strongly control the local conditions of stress, velocity and temperatur

Analysis of tribological parameters during machining

analysis of tribological parameters during machining

hybrid orthogonal cutting process. thermomechanical chip sliding sticking zones approach. solve chip. propose governing wear trends. cutting sliding sticking zones chip approach. sliding sticking zones chip temperatur

exact_dup

143692807

10.1007/s10443-011-9205-z

A low velocity impact study of aircraft tire rubber on 3D textile-reinforced composite plates was performed experimentally and numerically. In contrast to regular unidirectional composite laminates, no delaminations occur in such a 3D textile composite. Yarn decohesions, matrix cracks and yarn ruptures have been identified as the major damage mechanisms under impact load. An increase in the number of 3D warp yarns is proposed to improve the impact damage resistance. The characteristic of a rubber impact is the high amount of elastic energy stored in the impactor during impact, which was more than 90% of the initial kinetic energy. This large geometrical deformation of the rubber during impact leads to a less localised loading of the target structure and poses great challenges for the numerical modelling. A hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin constitutive law was used in Abaqus/Explicit based on a step-by-step validation with static rubber compression tests and low velocity impact tests on aluminium plates. Simulation models of the textile weave were developed on the meso- and macro-scale. The final correlation between impact simulation results on 3D textile-reinforced composite plates and impact test data was promising, highlighting the potential of such numerical simulation tools

Rubber Impact on 3D Textile Composites

rubber impact on 3d textile composites

aircraft tire rubber textile reinforced composite plates experimentally numerically. unidirectional composite laminates delaminations textile composite. yarn decohesions cracks yarn ruptures load. warp yarns resistance. rubber elastic stored impactor energy. geometrical deformation rubber localised loading poses great challenges modelling. hyperelastic mooney rivlin constitutive abaqus validation rubber compression aluminium plates. textile weave meso macro scale. textile reinforced composite plates promising highlighting

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144014058

10.1007/s00211-005-0596-3

Summary We obtain explicit formulas for the entries of the inverse of a nonsingular and irreducible tridiagonal k-Toeplitz matrix A. The proof is based on results from the theory of orthogonal polynomials and it is shown that the entries of the inverse of such a matrix are given in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. We also compute the characteristic polynomial of A which enables us to state some conditions for the existence of A-1. Our results also extend known results for the case when the residue mod k of the order of A is equal to 0 or k-1 (Numer. Math., 10 (1967), pp. 153–161.).http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00211-005-0596-

Explicit inverse of a tridiagonal k-Toeplitz matrix

explicit inverse of a tridiagonal k-toeplitz matrix

formulas entries nonsingular irreducible tridiagonal toeplitz orthogonal polynomials entries chebyshev polynomials kind. enables extend residue numer. math.

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144255541

10.1051/0004-6361/201116457

All-sky data from the Planck survey and the Meta-Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC) are combined to investigate the relationship between the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal and X-ray luminosity. The sample comprises similar to 1600 X-ray clusters with redshifts up to similar to 1 and spans a wide range in X-ray luminosity. The SZ signal is extracted for each object individually, and the statistical significance of the measurement is maximised by averaging the SZ signal in bins of X-ray luminosity, total mass, or redshift. The SZ signal is detected at very high significance over more than two decades in X-ray luminosity (10(43) erg s(-1) less than or similar to L500E(z)(-7/3) less than or similar to 2 x 10(45) erg s(-1)). The relation between intrinsic SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is investigated and the measured SZ signal is compared to values predicted from X-ray data. Planck measurements and X-ray based predictions are found to be in excellent agreement over the whole explored luminosity range. No significant deviation from standard evolution of the scaling relations is detected. For the first time the intrinsic scatter in the scaling relation between SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is measured and found to be consistent with the one in the luminosity - mass relation from X-ray studies. There is no evidence of any deficit in SZ signal strength in Planck data relative to expectations from the X-ray properties of clusters, underlining the robustness and consistency of our overall view of intra-cluster medium properties

Planck early results. X. Statistical analysis of Sunyaev-Zeldovich scaling relations for X-ray galaxy clusters

planck early results. x. statistical analysis of sunyaev-zeldovich scaling relations for x-ray galaxy clusters

planck meta catalogue mcxc sunyaev zeldovich luminosity. comprises redshifts spans luminosity. individually maximised averaging bins luminosity redshift. decades luminosity intrinsic luminosity data. planck excellent explored luminosity range. detected. intrinsic scatter luminosity luminosity studies. deficit planck expectations underlining robustness consistency intra

exact_dup

147565251

10.1080/00076791.2016.1220938

This research explores resistance to a universal business organisation by analysing large firms in Ireland. Drawing on our dataset of large Irish firms, an SSOP informed study identifies strategic transformations such as increased internationalisation and changes in ownership regime across three benchmark years of 1978, 1990 and 2010. However large Irish firms are not characterised by convergence to a universal business organisation. This study contributes to the SSOP project by extending it to a new geographic context and, by including sector of activity, by providing a contextually sensitive explanation for the absence of a universally applicable business organisation

Strategic transformations in large Irish-owned businesses

strategic transformations in large irish-owned businesses

explores universal organisation analysing firms ireland. drawing dataset irish firms ssop informed identifies strategic transformations internationalisation ownership benchmark irish firms characterised universal organisation. contributes ssop extending geographic contextually explanation universally applicable organisation

exact_dup

147595750

10.1063/1.362470

A synchrotron x-ray topography analysis of the impact of the distribution of defects/dislocations on the electrical performance of GaAs power varactor diodes was carried out. Diodes fabricated on or near Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski cellular dislocation networks in the substrate, which are also known to be rich in As precipitates near these cell walls, were observed to have reduced breakdown voltages (VBR). This is consistent with the possibility that the presence of space-charge cylinders surrounding these dislocations gives rise to reduced VBR if they thread a p-n junction; it is also in accord with the possibility that the As precipitates themselves can act as sites for local field enhancement, thus promoting premature avalanche breakdown

Analysis of the impact of dislocation distribution on the breakdown voltage of GaAs-based power varactor diodes

analysis of the impact of dislocation distribution on the breakdown voltage of gaas-based power varactor diodes

synchrotron topography defects dislocations electrical gaas varactor diodes out. diodes fabricated encapsulated czochralski dislocation precipitates walls breakdown voltages cylinders surrounding dislocations thread junction accord precipitates enhancement promoting premature avalanche breakdown

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147603262

10.1002/mame.201200306

Spiropyrans are one of the most popular classes of photochromic compounds that change their optical and structural properties in response to external inputs such as light, protons and metal ions, making them ideal molecules for the fabrication of multifunctional stimuli-responsive materials. Nowadays, the emphasis in polymeric materials incorporating spiropyran units, focuses on the effectiveness of their reversible response to external photonic stimuli. Photo-control of a range of key characteristics for flow systems, such as wettability, permeability, photo-modulation of flow by photo-actuation of valves, photonic control of uptake and release of guests using films and coatings, and colorimetric sensing of various species, are highlighted and discussed

Photo-responsive polymeric structures based on spiropyran

photo-responsive polymeric structures based on spiropyran

spiropyrans popular photochromic inputs protons ideal fabrication multifunctional stimuli responsive materials. nowadays emphasis polymeric incorporating spiropyran focuses effectiveness reversible photonic stimuli. photo wettability permeability photo modulation photo actuation valves photonic uptake guests films coatings colorimetric sensing highlighted

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147607950

10.1007/978-3-319-14442-9_40

Lifelogging is becoming widely deployed outside the scope of solipsistic self quantification. In elite sport, the ability to utilize these digital footprints of athletes for sport analytic has already become a game changer. This raises privacy concerns regarding both the individual lifelogger and the bystanders inadvertently captured by increasingly ubiquitous sensing devices. This paper describes a lifelogging model for consented use of personal data for sport analytic. The proposed model is a stepping stone towards understanding how privacy-preserving lifelogging frameworks and run-time systems can be constructed

Towards consent-based lifelogging in sport analytic

towards consent-based lifelogging in sport analytic

lifelogging becoming widely deployed scope solipsistic quantification. elite sport utilize digital footprints athletes sport analytic game changer. raises privacy concerns lifelogger bystanders inadvertently captured increasingly ubiquitous sensing devices. describes lifelogging consented personal sport analytic. stepping stone privacy preserving lifelogging frameworks

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148503588

10.1007/978-3-319-44618-9_8

We present a new technique for robust secret reconstruction with O(n) communication complexity. By applying this technique, we achieve O( n) communication complexity per multiplication for a wide class of robust practical Multi-Party Computation (MPC) protocols. In particular our technique applies to robust threshold computationally secure protocols in the case of t < n/2 in the pre-processing model. Previously in the pre-processing model, O( n) communication complexity per multiplication was only known in the case of computationally secure non-robust protocols in the dishonest majority setting (i.e. with t < n) and in the case of perfectly-secure robust protocols with t < n/3. A similar protocol was sketched by Damgard and Nielsen, but no details were given to enable an estimate of the communication complexity. Surprisingly our robust reconstruction protocol applies for both the synchronous and asynchronous settings

Linear Overhead Optimally-Resilient Robust MPC Using Preprocessing

linear overhead optimally-resilient robust mpc using preprocessing

robust secret reconstruction complexity. multiplication robust practical party protocols. applies robust computationally secure protocols model. multiplication computationally secure robust protocols dishonest majority i.e. perfectly secure robust protocols sketched damgard nielsen enable complexity. surprisingly robust reconstruction applies synchronous asynchronous settings

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148653744

10.1007/s00271-008-0116-1

Emitter discharge of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) decreases as a result of the overpressure in the soil water at the discharge orifice. In this paper, the variation in dripper discharge in SDI laterals is studied. First, the emitter coefficient of flow variation CVq was measured in laboratory experiments with drippers of 2 and 4 L/h that were laid both on the soil and beneath it. Additionally, the soil pressure coefficient of variation CVhs was measured in buried emitters. Then, the irrigation uniformity was simulated in SDI and surface irrigation laterals under the same operating conditions and uniform soils; sandy and loamy. CVq was similar for the compensating models of both the surface and subsurface emitters. However, CVq decreased for the 2-L/h non-compensating model in the loamy soil. This shows a possible self-regulation of non-compensating emitter discharge in SDI, due to the interaction between effects of emitter discharge and soil pressure. This resulted in the irrigation uniformity of SDI non-compensating emitters to be greater than surface drip irrigation. The uniformity with pressure-compensating emitters would be similar in both cases, provided the overpressures in SDI are less than or equal to the compensation range lower limit

Emitter discharge variability of subsurface drip irrigation in uniform soils: effect on water-application uniformity

emitter discharge variability of subsurface drip irrigation in uniform soils: effect on water-application uniformity

emitter discharge subsurface drip irrigation overpressure discharge orifice. dripper discharge laterals studied. emitter drippers laid beneath additionally cvhs buried emitters. irrigation uniformity irrigation laterals operating soils sandy loamy. compensating subsurface emitters. compensating loamy soil. compensating emitter discharge emitter discharge pressure. resulted irrigation uniformity compensating emitters drip irrigation. uniformity compensating emitters overpressures compensation

exact_dup

148657306

10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.07.009

In the past few years, numerous research projects have focused on identifying and understanding scaling properties in the gene content of prokaryote genomes and the intricacy of their regulation networks. Yet, and despite the increasing amount of data available, the origins of these scalings remain an open question. The RAevol model, a digital genetics model, provides us with an insight into the mechanisms involved in an evolutionary process. The results we present here show that (i) our model reproduces qualitatively these scaling laws and that (ii) these laws are not due to differences in lifestyles but to differences in the spontaneous rates of mutations and rearrangements. We argue that this is due to an indirect selective pressure for robustness that constrains the genome size

Scaling laws in bacterial genomes: A side-effect of selection of mutational robustness?

scaling laws in bacterial genomes: a side-effect of selection of mutational robustness?

numerous projects focused identifying prokaryote genomes intricacy networks. origins scalings question. raevol digital genetics insight evolutionary process. reproduces qualitatively laws laws lifestyles spontaneous rearrangements. argue indirect selective robustness constrains

exact_dup

148666025

10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.117

This paper proposes a new method, oriented to crop row detection in images from maize fields with high weed pressure. The vision system is designed to be installed onboard a mobile agricultural vehicle, i.e. submitted to gyros, vibrations and undesired movements. The images are captured under image perspective, being affected by the above undesired effects. The image processing consists of three main processes: image segmentation, double thresholding, based on the Otsu’s method, and crop row detection. Image segmentation is based on the application of a vegetation index, the double thresholding achieves the separation between weeds and crops and the crop row detection applies least squares linear regression for line adjustment. Crop and weed separation becomes effective and the crop row detection can be favorably compared against the classical approach based on the Hough transform. Both gain effectiveness and accuracy thanks to the double thresholding that makes the main finding of the paper

Automatic detection of crop rows in maize fields with high weeds pressure

automatic detection of crop rows in maize fields with high weeds pressure

proposes oriented crop maize weed pressure. vision installed onboard mobile agricultural vehicle i.e. submitted gyros vibrations undesired movements. captured perspective undesired effects. segmentation thresholding otsu’s crop detection. segmentation vegetation thresholding achieves weeds crops crop applies squares adjustment. crop weed crop favorably hough transform. effectiveness thanks thresholding

exact_dup

148668746

10.1088/1367-2630/16/3/033031

We report on the ion acceleration mechanisms that occur during the interaction of an intense and ultrashort laser pulse ( λ > μ I 2 1018 W cm−2 m2) with an underdense helium plasma produced from an ionized gas jet target. In this\ud unexplored regime, where the laser pulse duration is comparable to the inverse of the electron plasma frequency ωpe, reproducible non-thermal ion bunches have been measured in the radial direction. The two He ion charge states present energy distributions with cutoff energies between 150 and 200 keV, and a striking energy gap around 50 keV appearing consistently for all the shots in a\ud given density range. Fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations explain the experimental behaviors. The acceleration results from a combination of target normal sheath acceleration and Coulomb explosion of a filament formed around the laser pulse propagation axi

Ion acceleration in underdense plasmas by ultra-short laser pulses

ion acceleration in underdense plasmas by ultra-short laser pulses

acceleration intense ultrashort underdense helium ionized target. unexplored comparable reproducible bunches direction. cutoff striking appearing consistently shots range. electromagnetic behaviors. acceleration sheath acceleration coulomb explosion filament propagation

exact_dup

148668884

10.1016/j.nima.2012.12.033

A PET imaging system demonstrator based on LYSO crystal arrays coupled to SiPM matrices is under construction at the University and INFN of Pisa. Two SiPM matrices, composed of 8×8 SiPM pixels, and 1,5 mm pitch, have been coupled one to one to a LYSO crystals array and read out by a custom electronics system. front-end ASICs were used to read 8 channels of each matrix. Data from each front-end were multiplexed and sent to a DAQ board for the digital conversion; a motherboard collects the data and communicates with a host computer through a USB port for the storage and off-line data processing. In this paper we show the first preliminary tomographic image of a point-like radioactive source acquired with part of the two detection heads in time coincidence

Proof of concept of an imaging system demonstrator for PET applications with SiPM

proof of concept of an imaging system demonstrator for pet applications with sipm

demonstrator lyso arrays sipm infn pisa. sipm composed sipm pixels pitch lyso crystals array read custom electronics system. front asics read matrix. front multiplexed sent board digital conversion motherboard collects communicates port storage processing. preliminary tomographic radioactive acquired heads coincidence

exact_dup

148670636

10.1002/pip.2366

A photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system combines PV with other forms of electricity generation, usually a diesel generator. The system presented in this paper uses concentration photovoltaic (CPV) as the main generator in combination with a storage system and the grid, configured as the backup power supply. The load of the system consists of an air conditioning system of an office building. This paper presents the results obtained from the first months of operation of the CPV hybrid system installed at Instituto de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos de Concentración facilities together with exhaustive simulations in order to model the system behaviour and be able to improve the self-consumption ratio. This system represents a first approach to the use of a CPV in office buildings complemented by an existing AC-coupled hybrid system. The contribution of this paper to the analysis of this new system and the existing tools available for its simulation, at least a part of it, can be considered as a starting point for the development of these kinds of systems

Instituto de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos de Concentración concentration photovoltaics hybrid system first year of operation and improvements

instituto de sistemas fotovoltaicos de concentración concentration photovoltaics hybrid system first year of operation and improvements

photovoltaic hybrid combines electricity diesel generator. photovoltaic generator storage configured backup supply. conditioning office building. presents hybrid installed instituto sistemas fotovoltaicos concentración facilities exhaustive ratio. office buildings complemented hybrid system. kinds

exact_dup

148671354

10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.04.026

For long enough tethers, the coupling of the attitude and orbital dynamics may show non-negligible effects in the orbital motion of a tethered satellite about a central body. In the case of fast rotating tethers the attitude remains constant, on average, up to second order effects. Besides, for a tether rotating in a plane parallel to the equatorial plane of the central body, the attitude?orbit coupling effect is formally equal to the perturbation of the Keplerian motion produced by the oblateness of the central body and, therefore, may have a stabilizing effect in the orbital dynamics. In the case of a tethered satellite in a low lunar orbit, it is demonstrated that feasible tether lengths can help in modifying the actual map of lunar frozen orbit

Modifying the atlas of low lunar orbits using inert tethers

modifying the atlas of low lunar orbits using inert tethers

tethers attitude orbital negligible orbital tethered satellite body. rotating tethers attitude effects. besides tether rotating equatorial attitude orbit formally perturbation keplerian oblateness stabilizing orbital dynamics. tethered satellite lunar orbit feasible tether lengths modifying lunar frozen orbit

exact_dup

148678555

10.1016/j.solmat.2015.12.031

In this work we report, for the first time at room temperature, experimental results that prove, simultaneously in the same device, the two main physical principles involved in the operation of intermediate band solar cells: (1) the production of sub-bandgap photocurrent by two optical transitions through the intermediate band; (2) the generation of an output voltage which is not limited by the photon energy absorption threshold. These principles, which had always required cryogenic temperatures to be evidenced all together, are now demonstrated at room temperature on an intermediate band solar cell based on InAs quantum dots with Al0.3Ga0.7As barriers

Demonstration of the operation principles of intermediate band solar cells at room temperature

demonstration of the operation principles of intermediate band solar cells at room temperature

room simultaneously principles bandgap photocurrent threshold. principles cryogenic evidenced room inas dots barriers

exact_dup

148686799

10.1007/s12021-016-9309-6

The way in which a neuronal tree expands plays an important role in its functional and computational characteristics. We aimed to study the existence of an optimal neuronal design for different types of cortical GABAergic neurons. To do this, we hypothesized that both the axonal and dendritic trees of individual neurons optimize brain connectivity in terms of wiring length. We took the branching points of real three-dimensional neuronal reconstructions of the axonal and dendritic trees of different types of cortical interneurons and searched for the minimal wiring arborization structure that respects the branching points. We compared the minimal wiring arborization with real axonal and dendritic trees. We tested this optimization problem using a new approach based on graph theory and evolutionary computation techniques. We concluded that neuronal wiring is near-optimal in most of the tested neurons, although the wiring length of dendritic trees is generally nearer to the optimum. Therefore, wiring economy is related to the way in which neuronal arborizations grow irrespective of the marked differences in the morphology of the examined interneurons

Dendritic and axonal wiring optimization of cortical GABAergic interneurons

dendritic and axonal wiring optimization of cortical gabaergic interneurons

neuronal expands plays characteristics. aimed neuronal cortical gabaergic neurons. hypothesized axonal dendritic trees optimize connectivity wiring length. took branching neuronal reconstructions axonal dendritic trees cortical interneurons searched wiring arborization respects branching points. wiring arborization axonal dendritic trees. evolutionary techniques. concluded neuronal wiring wiring dendritic trees nearer optimum. wiring economy neuronal arborizations grow irrespective marked morphology interneurons

exact_dup

148756552

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.045

Sorption enhanced CO2 methanation is a complex process in which the key challenge lies in the combined optimization of the catalyst activity and water adsorption properties of the zeolite support. In the present work, improved nickel-based catalysts with an enhanced water uptake capacity were designed and catalytically investigated. Two different zeolite frameworks were considered as supports for nanostructured Ni, and studied with defined operation parameters. 5Ni/13X shows significantly increased, nearly three-fold higher, operation time in the sorption enhanced CO2 methanation mode compared to the reference 5Ni/5A, likely due to its higher water sorption capacity. Both catalysts yield comparable CO2 conversion in conventional CO2 methanation (without water uptake). Regeneration of the catalysts performance is possible via a drying step between methanation cycles under both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres; however, operation time of 5Ni/13X increases further after drying under air

Development of improved nickel catalysts for sorption enhanced CO2 methanation

development of improved nickel catalysts for sorption enhanced co2 methanation

sorption methanation challenge lies catalyst adsorption zeolite support. nickel catalysts uptake catalytically investigated. zeolite frameworks supports nanostructured parameters. nearly sorption methanation sorption capacity. catalysts comparable conversion methanation uptake regeneration catalysts drying methanation cycles reducing oxidizing atmospheres drying

exact_dup

150209012

10.1016/j.cam.2015.03.022

Producción CientíficaWe describe a procedure which is useful to select an appropriate numerical method in a size-structured population model. We consider four different numerical methods based on finite difference schemes or characteristics curves integration. We compute an analytical approximation in terms of the discretization parameters for the theoretical error principal terms and the computational cost. Thus, we show the efficiency curve that allows to select the best relationship between the discretization parameters for each numerical method. Finally, we obtain the most efficient numerical method for each test.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA191U13

Study on the efficiency in the numerical integration of size-structured population models: Error and computational cost

study on the efficiency in the numerical integration of size-structured population models: error and computational cost

producción científicawe select structured model. schemes integration. discretization principal cost. select discretization method. test.junta castilla león programa apoyo proyectos investigación ref.

exact_dup

151437854

10.1029/2006JC003486/abstract

A high-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is used to explore dynamics of intraseasonal variability in surface and subsurface currents off Java. The results indicate that the surface current, the so-called South Java Coastal Current (SJCC), is dominated by variations with a period of 90 days. In the subsurface current, which is referred to as the South Java Coastal Undercurrent (SJCU), 60-day variations are the most prominent feature. A normal mode analysis demonstrates that the first baroclinic mode is the leading mode, which accounts for 70% of the total variance, whereas the second baroclinic mode explains 24% of the total variance. The 90-day variations in the SJCC captured mostly by the first baroclinic mode are found to be primarily driven by winds. Those are associated with propagation of the first baroclinic Kelvin waves generated in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. On the other hand, the 60-day variations\ud in the SJCU enhanced by wind forcing over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean off Sumatra are mostly captured by the second baroclinic mode

Intraseasonal variations of surface and subsurface currents off Java as simulated in a high-resolution OGCM

intraseasonal variations of surface and subsurface currents off java as simulated in a high-resolution ogcm

ocean circulation ogcm explore intraseasonal subsurface currents java. java coastal sjcc dominated days. subsurface referred java coastal undercurrent sjcu prominent feature. demonstrates baroclinic accounts baroclinic explains variance. sjcc captured mostly baroclinic primarily winds. propagation baroclinic kelvin equatorial indian ocean. sjcu forcing eastern equatorial indian ocean sumatra mostly captured baroclinic

exact_dup

152285557

10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.024

International audienceThe VAMOS spectrometer operational at GANIL is a large acceptance variable mode spectrometer designed for nuclear reaction studies using radioactive and stable ion beams. The spectrometer coupled with ancillary detectors like EXOGAM has been successfully used in recent experiments on (in)elastic, few nucleon transfer reactions in inverse kinematics and search for nuclei far from stability using deep inelastic transfer reactions In large acceptance spectrometers, the experimental resolution is worsened by aberrations of third and higher orders. Hardware corrections are limited and cannot completely correct the non-linear effects. Thus software reconstruction of trajectories (ray tracing) is essential to obtain the required resolution and identification of the products. A numerical method has been developed for reconstruction of ion trajectories and correction of aberrations in VAMOS. We have devised a procedure to select an optimum subset of closest trajectories for each focal plane event (x, θ, y, ϕ) from the database (generated by an ion-optics calculation). A polynomial fit to the momentum vector of the reaction product in terms of (x, θ, y, ϕ) is made only to this subset. Such an approach is found to give improved resolutions compared to fitting a single polynomial over the entire phase space. Extraction of charge state and angular distributions are rather difficult due to the variation of acceptance over the large phase space. Mass identification of the reaction products and characteristics of the spectrometer acceptance with its variation for different rigidities have been obtained. Applications to 238U+48Ca and 238U+58Ni systems at 5.5 MeV/u will be presented

Improvement in the reconstrution method for VAMOS Spectrometer

improvement in the reconstrution method for vamos spectrometer

audiencethe vamos spectrometer operational ganil acceptance spectrometer radioactive beams. spectrometer ancillary detectors exogam successfully elastic nucleon kinematics nuclei inelastic acceptance spectrometers worsened aberrations orders. hardware effects. reconstruction trajectories tracing products. reconstruction trajectories aberrations vamos. devised select optimum closest trajectories focal optics subset. resolutions fitting space. extraction acceptance space. spectrometer acceptance rigidities obtained.

exact_dup

154425594

10.1002/fee.1765

We welcome the recent synthesis by Howard et al. (2017), which drew attention to the role of marine systems and natural carbon sequestration in the oceans as a fundamental aspect of climate-change mitigation. The importance of long-term carbon storage in marine habitats (ie ?blue carbon?) is rapidly gaining recognition (Figure 1a) and is increasingly a focus of national and international attempts to mitigate rising atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide. However, effectively managing blue carbon requires an appreciation of the inherent connectivity between marine populations and habitats. More so than their terrestrial counterparts, marine ecosystems are ?open?, with high rates of transfer of energy, matter, genetic material, and species across regional seascapes (Kinlan and Gaines 2003). We suggest that policy frameworks, and the science underpinning them, should focus not only on carbon sink habitats but also on carbon source habitats, which play critical roles in marine carbon cycling and natural carbon sequestration in the oceans. Howard et al. (2017) concluded that certain habitats and taxa (eg kelp forests, large vertebrates) are "unimportant? in natural carbon sequestration, which we argue is an oversimplification that fails to account for not only the magnitude of carbon transfer between living components of the cycle but also the interconnectedness of the highly dynamic and open marine environment. Crucially, developing carbon budgets for habitats in isolation ? without considering their connectivity and functioning as carbon ?fixers?, ?donors?, and ?recipients? ? is neither representative of marine ecosystems, nor a useful approach for prioritizing management. Here, we highlight the importance of carbon transfer between habitats, which is not currently recognized within policy frameworks, through two pertinent and widespread processesauthorsversionPeer reviewe

Appreciating interconnectivity between habitats is key to blue carbon management

appreciating interconnectivity between habitats is key to blue carbon management

welcome howard drew marine sequestration oceans aspect mitigation. storage marine habitats rapidly gaining recognition increasingly attempts mitigate rising dioxide. effectively managing appreciation inherent connectivity marine habitats. terrestrial counterparts marine ecosystems seascapes kinlan gaines frameworks underpinning sink habitats habitats roles marine cycling sequestration oceans. howard concluded habitats taxa kelp forests vertebrates unimportant sequestration argue oversimplification fails living interconnectedness marine environment. crucially budgets habitats isolation connectivity functioning fixers donors recipients neither marine ecosystems prioritizing management. highlight habitats recognized frameworks pertinent widespread processesauthorsversionpeer reviewe

exact_dup

159126276

10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/055023

Is the notion of a quantum computer (QC) resilient to thermal noise unphysical? We address this question from a constructive perspective and show that local quantum Hamiltonian models provide self-correcting QCs. To this end, we first give a sufficient condition on the connectedness of excitations for a stabilizer code model to be a self-correcting quantum memory. We then study the two main examples of topological stabilizer codes in arbitrary dimensions and establish their self-correcting capabilities. Also, we address the transversality properties of topological color codes, showing that six-dimensional color codes provide a self-correcting model that allows the transversal and local implementation of a universal set of operations in seven spatial dimensions. Finally, we give a procedure for initializing such quantum memories at finite temperature

Self-correcting quantum computers

self-correcting quantum computers

notion resilient unphysical constructive perspective correcting qcs. connectedness excitations stabilizer correcting memory. topological stabilizer codes establish correcting capabilities. transversality topological codes codes correcting transversal universal operations seven dimensions. initializing memories

exact_dup

161233836

10.1080/17476348.2018.1495563

Producción CientíficaIntroduction. Overnight oximetry has been proposed as an accessible, simple, and reliable technique for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) diagnosis. From visual inspection to advanced signal processing, several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of oximetry as a screening tool. However, there is still controversy regarding the general application of oximetry as a single screening methodology for OSAS. Areas covered. Currently, high-resolution portable devices combined with pattern recognition-based applications are able to achieve high performance in the detection this disease. In this review, recent studies involving automated analysis of oximetry by means of advanced signal processing and machine learning algorithms are analyzed. Advantages and limitations are highlighted and novel research lines aimed at improving the screening ability of oximetry are proposed. Expert commentary. Oximetry is a cost-effective tool for OSAS screening in patients showing high pretest probability for the disease. Nevertheless, exhaustive analyses are still needed to further assess unattended oximetry monitoring as a single diagnostic test for sleep apnea, particularly in the pediatric population and in especial groups with significant comorbidities. In the following years, communication technologies and big data analysis will overcome current limitations of simplified sleep testing approaches, changing the detection and management of OSAS.This research has been partially supported by the projects DPI2017-84280-R and RTC-2015-3446-1 from Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the project 66/2016 of the Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), and the project VA037U16 from the Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER. D. Álvarez was in receipt of a Juan de la Cierva grant IJCI-2014-22664 from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Oximetry use in obstructive sleep apnea

oximetry use in obstructive sleep apnea

producción científicaintroduction. overnight oximetry accessible reliable obstructive sleep apnea syndrome osas diagnosis. inspection advanced usefulness oximetry screening tool. controversy oximetry screening methodology osas. covered. portable devices recognition disease. involving automated oximetry advanced machine analyzed. advantages limitations highlighted aimed improving screening oximetry proposed. expert commentary. oximetry osas screening pretest disease. nevertheless exhaustive unattended oximetry diagnostic sleep apnea pediatric especial comorbidities. technologies overcome limitations simplified sleep changing osas.this partially projects ministerio economía industria competitividad fund feder sociedad española neumología cirugía torácica separ consejería educación junta castilla león feder. álvarez receipt juan cierva ijci ministerio economía competitividad

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16517804

10.1016/j.intman.2006.06.004

This paper contributes to the recent debates and emerging concepts in the international business literature by applying a social–institutionalist perspective that focuses on the processes of institutionbuilding in ventures between Western multinational corporations and post-socialist enterprises. It is argued that the knowledge and learningprocesses within these transnational sites are constitutive of the actual management and organizational practices that emerge in these social microcosms of transformation. In transition and other emerging economic contexts, international ventures are typically based on asymmetrical relationships, in which the balance of power is structurally weighted in favor of the MNC. Notwithstanding this dominance structure, constructing new practices within the transnational social space is a socio-politicalprocess involving power-holders such as senior managers representing the Western MNC and the local enterprise. The paper argues that the strategic orientations of these key power-holders are critical variables in explaining the diversity of concrete patterns of institution building on transnational sites

Socio-political processes in international management in post-socialist contexts: Knowledge, learning and transnational institution building

socio-political processes in international management in post-socialist contexts: knowledge, learning and transnational institution building

contributes debates emerging concepts social–institutionalist perspective focuses institutionbuilding ventures multinational corporations socialist enterprises. argued learningprocesses transnational constitutive organizational practices emerge microcosms transformation. emerging contexts ventures asymmetrical balance structurally weighted favor mnc. notwithstanding dominance constructing practices transnational socio politicalprocess involving holders senior managers representing enterprise. argues strategic orientations holders explaining diversity concrete institution transnational

exact_dup

17209126

10.1093/gerona/glr199

One of the main causes for age-related declines in working memory is a higher vulnerability to retroactive interference due to a reduced ability to suppress irrelevant information. However, the underlying neural correlates remain to be established. Magnetoencephalography was used to investigate differential neural patterns in young and older adults performing an interference-based memory task with two experimental conditions, interrupting and distracting, during successful recognition. Behaviorally, both types of retroactive interference significantly impaired accuracy at recognition more in older adults than in young adults with the latter exhibiting greater disruptions by interrupters. Magnetoencephalography revealed the presence of differential age-related neural patterns. Specifically, time-modulated activations in temporo-occipital and superior parietal regions were higher in young adults compared with older adults for the interrupting condition. These results suggest that age-related deficits in inhibitory mechanisms that increase vulnerability to retroactive interference may be associated with neural under-recruitments in a high-interference task

Age-Related Effects in Working Memory Recognition Modulated by Retroactive Interference

age-related effects in working memory recognition modulated by retroactive interference

declines vulnerability retroactive interference suppress irrelevant information. correlates established. magnetoencephalography older adults performing interference interrupting distracting successful recognition. behaviorally retroactive interference impaired recognition older adults adults exhibiting disruptions interrupters. magnetoencephalography patterns. modulated activations temporo occipital superior parietal adults older adults interrupting condition. deficits inhibitory vulnerability retroactive interference recruitments interference

exact_dup

18275618

10.1007/s11071-012-0584-y

Perturbation methods are routinely used in all fields of applied mathematics where analytical solutions for nonlinear dynamical systems are searched. Among them, normal form theory provides a reliable method for systematically simplifying dynamical systems via nonlinear change of coordinates, and is also used in a mechanical context to define Nonlinear Normal Modes (NNMs). The main recognized drawback of perturbation methods is the absence of a criterion establishing their range of validity in terms of amplitude. In this paper, we propose a method to obtain upper bounds for amplitudes of changes of variables in normal form transformations. The criterion is tested on simple mechanical systems with one and two degrees-of-freedom, and for complex as well as real normal form. Its behavior with increasing order in the normal transform is established, and comparisons are drawn between exact solutions and normal form computations for increasing levels of amplitudes. The results clearly establish that the criterion gives an upper bound for validity limit of normal transforms

An upper bound for validity limits of asymptotic analytical approaches based on normal form theory

an upper bound for validity limits of asymptotic analytical approaches based on normal form theory

perturbation routinely mathematics searched. reliable systematically simplifying nnms recognized drawback perturbation criterion establishing validity amplitude. propose bounds amplitudes transformations. criterion freedom form. transform comparisons drawn computations amplitudes. establish criterion validity transforms

exact_dup

18288030

10.1007/s10838-013-9206-8

Idealizing conditions are scapegoats for scientific hypotheses, too often blamed for falsehood better attributed to less obvious sources. But while the tendency to blame idealizations is common among both philosophers of science and scientists themselves, the blame is misplaced. Attention to the nature of idealizing conditions, the content of idealized hypotheses, and scientists' attitudes toward those hypotheses shows that idealizing conditions are blameless when hypotheses misrepresent. These conditions help to determine the content of idealized hypotheses, and they do so in a way that prevents those hypotheses from being false by virtue of their constituent idealizations

Don't Blame the Idealizations (revised version)

don't blame the idealizations (revised version)

idealizing scapegoats hypotheses blamed falsehood attributed obvious sources. tendency blame idealizations philosophers scientists blame misplaced. idealizing idealized hypotheses scientists attitudes toward hypotheses idealizing blameless hypotheses misrepresent. idealized hypotheses prevents hypotheses false virtue constituent idealizations

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18424100

10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.07.001

The kinetics of amorphization in crystalline SiO2 (α-quartz) under irradiation with swift heavy ions (O+1 at 4 MeV, O+4 at 13 MeV, F+2 at 5 MeV, F+4 at 15 MeV, Cl+3 at 10 MeV, Cl+4 at 20 MeV, Br+5 at 15 and 25 MeV and Br+8 at 40 MeV) has been analyzed in this work with an Avrami-type law and also with a recently developed cumulative approach (track-overlap model). This latter model assumes a track morphology consisting of an amorphous core (area σ) and a surrounding defective halo (area h), both being axially symmetric. The parameters of the two approaches which provide the best fit to the experimental data have been obtained as a function of the electronic stopping power Se. The extrapolation of the σ(Se) dependence yields a threshold value for amorphization, Sth ≈ 2.1 keV/nm; a second threshold is also observed around 4.1 keV/nm. We believe that this double-threshold effect could be related to the appearance of discontinuous tracks in the region between 2.1 and 4.1 keV/nm. For stopping power values around or below the lower threshold, where the ratio h/σ is large, the track-overlap model provides a much better fit than the Avrami function. Therefore, the data show that a right modeling of the amorphization kinetics needs to take into account the contribution of the defective track halo. Finally, a short comparative discussion with the kinetic laws obtained for elastic collision damage is given

Kinetics of amorphization induced by swift heavy ions in α-quartz

kinetics of amorphization induced by swift heavy ions in α-quartz

kinetics amorphization crystalline quartz irradiation swift avrami cumulative track overlap assumes track morphology consisting amorphous surrounding defective halo axially symmetric. stopping extrapolation amorphization believe appearance discontinuous tracks stopping track overlap avrami function. amorphization kinetics defective track halo. comparative laws elastic collision

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18424107

10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.12.003

The application of liquid metal technology in fusion devices requires R&D related to many phenomena: interaction between liquid metals and structural material as corrosion, erosion and passivation techniques; magneto-hydrodynamics; free surface fluid-dynamics and any other physical aspect that will be needed for their safe reliable operation. In particular, there is a significant shortage of experimental facilities dedicated to the development of the lithium technology. In the framework of the TECHNOFUSION project, an experimental laboratory devoted to the lithium technology development is proposed, in order to shed some light in the path to IFMIF and the design of chamber's first wall and divertors. The conceptual design foresee a development in two stages, the first one consisting on a material testing loop. The second stage proposes the construction of a mock-up of the IFMIF target that will allow to assess the behaviour of a free-surface lithium target under vacuum conditions. In this paper, such conceptual design is addressed

Conceptual design of the liquid metal laboratory of the TECHNOFUSION facility

conceptual design of the liquid metal laboratory of the technofusion facility

fusion devices phenomena metals corrosion erosion passivation magneto hydrodynamics aspect safe reliable operation. shortage facilities dedicated lithium technology. technofusion devoted lithium shed ifmif chamber divertors. conceptual foresee consisting loop. proposes mock ifmif lithium conditions. conceptual addressed

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18602595

10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.003

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the mammalian mechanism that compensates for the difference in gene dosage between XX females and XY males. Genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms induce transcriptional silencing of one X chromosome in female cells. In mouse embryos, XCI is initiated at the preimplantation stage following early whole-genome activation. It is widely thought that human embryos do not employ XCI prior to implantation. Here, we show that female preimplantation embryos have a progressive accumulation of XIST RNA on one of the two X chromosomes, starting around the 8-cell stage. XIST RNA accumulates at the morula and blastocyst stages and is associated with transcriptional silencing of the XIST-coated chromosomal region. These findings indicate that XCI is initiated in female human preimplantation-stage embryos and suggest that preimplantation dosage compensation is evolutionarily conserved in placental mammals

X chromosome inactivation is initiated in human preimplantation embryos

x chromosome inactivation is initiated in human preimplantation embryos

chromosome inactivation mammalian compensates dosage females males. epigenetic regulatory induce transcriptional silencing chromosome cells. embryos initiated preimplantation activation. widely thought embryos employ implantation. preimplantation embryos progressive accumulation xist chromosomes stage. xist accumulates morula blastocyst transcriptional silencing xist coated chromosomal region. initiated preimplantation embryos preimplantation dosage compensation evolutionarily conserved placental mammals

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19125676

10.1002/jssc.200700363

A novel LC-fluorescence detection method based on the use of a monolithic column for the determination of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin antibiotic residues in environmental waters was developed. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) were isocratically eluted using a mobile phase consisting of 0.025 M phosphoric acid solution at pH 3.0 with tetrabutylammonium and methanol (960:40, v/v) through a Chromolith Performance RP-18e column (100×4.6 mm) at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min and detected at excitation and emission wavelengths of 278 and 450 nm, respectively. After acidification and addition of EDTA, water samples were extracted using an Oasis HLB cartridge. Linearity was evaluated in the range of 0.05 to 1 mug/mL and correlation coefficients of 0.9945 for norfloxacin, 0.9974 for ciprofloxacin, and 0.9982 for enrofloxacin were found. The limit of quantification was 25 ng/L for the three FQs. The recovery of FQs spiked into river water samples at 25, 50, and 100 ng/L fortification levels ranged from 76.5 to 91.0% for norfloxacin, 78.5 to 97.2% for ciprofloxacin, and 79.4 to 93.6% for enrofloxacin. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of water samples from the Mondego River, and ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin residues were detected in eight water samples.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.20070036

Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in surface waters from Mondego River by high performance liquid chromatography using a monolithic column

determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in surface waters from mondego river by high performance liquid chromatography using a monolithic column

fluorescence monolithic norfloxacin ciprofloxacin enrofloxacin antibiotic waters developed. fluoroquinolones isocratically eluted mobile consisting phosphoric tetrabutylammonium methanol chromolith wavelengths respectively. acidification edta oasis cartridge. linearity norfloxacin ciprofloxacin enrofloxacin found. quantification fqs. recovery spiked river fortification ranged norfloxacin ciprofloxacin enrofloxacin. successfully mondego river ciprofloxacin enrofloxacin eight samples. jssc.

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19125975

10.1007/s10750-007-0679-5

Abstract During the last decades the Mondego estuary has been under severe ecological stress mainly caused by eutrophication. In this salt march system, Spartina maritima covers about 10.5 ha of the intertidal areas. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Spartina maritima marshes on the dynamics of phosphorus (P) binding in the surface sediment. We compare phosphate and oxygen fluxes, P-adsorption capacity, phosphate concentrations and total amount, and the extractable P forms in the upper 20 cm of sediment in vegetated sediment with adjacent mudflats without vegetation. Sediment pore-water profiles followed a clear trend, with lower P concentrations in more superficial layers, and increasing with depth. The vegetated mudflats presented lower concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus than adjacent bare bottom mudflats, lower phosphate total amount, as well as higher P-adsorption capacity. Results from the extraction procedure show that the superficial layers are the most important for estuarine phosphorus dynamics, since maximum concentrations of labile P pools are present here. In contrast, higher proportions of refractory P pool are found in deeper layers. Spartina marsh sediments had less total P, less iron bound P, and less exchangeable P than adjacent bare bottom mudflats. Also the pool of loosely sorbed P is lower in the Spartina marsh. Phosphate regeneration from the sediment to the overlying water was only 11.8 kg ha-1 year-1 in vegetated sediment while 25.8 kg ha-1 year-1 in the bare mud flat. Plant uptake for growth combined with an enhanced P-adsorption capacity of the sediment, may explain these differences. Therefore, Spartina marshes are very important agents in the sedimentary P cycle worldwide, and can be considered a useful management tool in estuarine ecosystem recovery efforts.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0679-

Spartina maritima influence on the dynamics of the phosphorus sedimentary cycle in a warm temperate estuary (Mondego estuary, Portugal)

spartina maritima influence on the dynamics of the phosphorus sedimentary cycle in a warm temperate estuary (mondego estuary, portugal)

decades mondego estuary ecological eutrophication. salt spartina maritima covers intertidal areas. spartina maritima marshes phosphorus sediment. phosphate fluxes adsorption phosphate extractable sediment vegetated sediment adjacent mudflats vegetation. sediment pore superficial depth. vegetated mudflats dissolved inorganic phosphorus adjacent bare mudflats phosphate adsorption capacity. extraction superficial estuarine phosphorus labile pools here. proportions refractory pool deeper layers. spartina marsh sediments iron exchangeable adjacent bare mudflats. pool loosely sorbed spartina marsh. phosphate regeneration sediment overlying vegetated sediment bare flat. uptake adsorption sediment differences. spartina marshes sedimentary worldwide estuarine ecosystem recovery efforts.

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19126085

10.1007/s00276-007-0233-1

Abstract Due to constant innovations in radiological and surgical techniques, more accurate results are expected in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to hepatic pathology. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the normal hepatic vascular and biliary anatomy using cadaveric livers and CT scans of the affected livers. Furthermore, using the CT scans, the authors intended to illustrate the most common morphological variations of the vascular and biliary anatomy. Four human cadaveric livers were injected with colored silicone mixed with radiological contrast solution in the common bile duct, in the proper hepatic artery, in the portal vein and in the inferior vena cava near the ostia of the hepatic veins (only one of these structures was injected in each liver). After obtaining the CT scans, 3D rendered models were created, which demonstrated the normal hepatic anatomy of the vascular and biliary structures. The International Anatomical Nomenclature was used for their classification (based on Couinaud’s work). The 3D rendered CT models were also modified to illustrate the most common normal variations of the hepatic anatomy (found in the literature).http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-007-0233-

Normal vascular and biliary hepatic anatomy: 3D demonstration by multidetector CT

normal vascular and biliary hepatic anatomy: 3d demonstration by multidetector ct

innovations radiological surgical diagnostic therapeutic hepatic pathology. hepatic vascular biliary anatomy cadaveric livers scans livers. scans intended illustrate morphological vascular biliary anatomy. cadaveric livers injected colored silicone radiological bile duct proper hepatic artery portal vein inferior vena cava ostia hepatic veins injected obtaining scans rendered created hepatic anatomy vascular biliary structures. anatomical nomenclature couinaud’s rendered illustrate hepatic anatomy

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195905310

10.1007/s10670-017-9887-1

This paper addresses the problem of judgment aggregation in science. How should scientists decide which propositions to assert in a collaborative document? We distinguish the question of what to write in a collaborative document from the question of collective belief. We argue that recent objections to the application of the formal literature on judgment aggregation to the problem of judgment aggregation in science apply to the latter, not the former question. The formal literature has introduced various desiderata for an aggregation procedure. Proposition-wise majority voting emerges as a procedure that satisfies all desiderata which represent norms of science. An interesting consequence is that not all collaborating scientists need to endorse every proposition asserted in a collaborative document

A Role for Judgment Aggregation in Coauthoring Scientific Papers

a role for judgment aggregation in coauthoring scientific papers

addresses judgment aggregation science. scientists decide propositions assert collaborative document distinguish collaborative document collective belief. argue objections formal judgment aggregation judgment aggregation former question. formal desiderata aggregation procedure. wise majority voting emerges satisfies desiderata norms science. collaborating scientists endorse asserted collaborative document

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19877795

10.1007/978-3-319-04114-8_41

In this paper, we investigate efficient recognition of human gestures / movements from multimedia and multimodal data, including the Microsoft Kinect and translational and rotational acceleration and velocity from wearable inertial sensors. We firstly present a system that automatically classifies a large range of activities (17 different gestures) using a random forest decision tree. Our system can achieve near real time recognition by appropriately selecting the sensors that led to the greatest contributing factor for a particular task. Features extracted from multimodal sensor data were used to train and evaluate a customized classifier. This novel technique is capable of successfully classifying various gestures with up to 91 % overall accuracy on a publicly available data set. Secondly we investigate a wide range of different motion capture modalities and compare their results in terms of gesture recognition accuracy using our proposed approach. We conclude that gesture recognition can be effectively performed by considering an approach that overcomes many of the limitations associated with the Kinect and potentially paves the way for low-cost gesture recognition in unconstrained environments

Kinect vs. low-cost inertial sensing for gesture recognition

kinect vs. low-cost inertial sensing for gesture recognition

recognition gestures movements multimedia multimodal microsoft kinect translational rotational acceleration wearable inertial sensors. firstly automatically classifies gestures forest tree. recognition appropriately selecting sensors greatest contributing task. multimodal sensor train customized classifier. capable successfully classifying gestures publicly set. secondly capture modalities gesture recognition approach. gesture recognition effectively overcomes limitations kinect potentially paves gesture recognition unconstrained environments

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2426850

10.1023/A:1013031402382

Using the notion of a general conical defect, the Regge Calculus is generalized by allowing for dislocations on the simplicial lattice in addition to the usual disclinations. Since disclinations and dislocations correspond to curvature and torsion singularities, respectively, the method we propose provides a natural way of discretizing gravitational theories with torsion degrees of freedom like the Einstein-Cartan theory. A discrete version of the Einstein-Cartan action is given and field equations are derived, demanding stationarity of the action with respect to the discrete variables of the theory

Torsion Degrees of Freedom in the Regge Calculus as Dislocations on the Simplicial Lattice

torsion degrees of freedom in the regge calculus as dislocations on the simplicial lattice

notion conical defect regge calculus allowing dislocations simplicial usual disclinations. disclinations dislocations curvature torsion singularities propose discretizing gravitational torsion freedom einstein cartan theory. einstein cartan demanding stationarity

exact_dup

25013204

10.1007/JHEP06(2014)052

In holographic models of cosmology based on the (A)dS/CFT correspondence, conformal symmetry is implicit in the dual description of the Universe. Generically, however, one cannot expect the (broken) conformal invariance in the cosmic fluctuations as only the scale invariance is manifest in experiments. Also, in order for the prediction of the holographic models to make sense, the conformal symmetry needs to be broken as the scalar mode of the metric fluctuations becomes pure gauge in the conformal limit. We discuss the improvement ambiguity of the energy-momentum tensor in this context and construct a holographic model of the Universe that preserves the scale invariance but not necessarily the full conformal invariance. Our sample computation using a weakly coupled dual field theory shows that the orthogonal type of non-Gaussianity is present over and above the equilateral type. The improvement ambiguity corresponds to the choice of the energy momentum tensor that will couple to our particle physics sector after inflation. Our results show that the holographic prediction of the cosmological parameters crucially depends on such a choice.Comment: 32 page

Improvement of energy-momentum tensor and non-Gaussianities in holographic cosmology

improvement of energy-momentum tensor and non-gaussianities in holographic cosmology

holographic cosmology correspondence conformal implicit universe. generically broken conformal invariance cosmic invariance manifest experiments. holographic conformal broken conformal limit. ambiguity holographic universe preserves invariance necessarily conformal invariance. weakly orthogonal gaussianity equilateral type. ambiguity couple inflation. holographic cosmological crucially

exact_dup

25211313

10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00639-4

We show, in two complementary ways, that D=11 supergravity---in contrast to all its lower dimensional versions---forbids a cosmological extension. First, we linearize the putative model about an Anti de Sitter background and show that it cannot even support a "global" supersymmetry invariance; hence there is no Noether construction that can lead to a local supersymmetry. This is true with the usual 4-form field as well as for a "dual", 7-form, starting point. Second, a cohomology argument, starting from the original full nonlinear theory, establishes the absence of deformations involving spin 3/2 mass and cosmological terms. In both approaches, it is the form field that is responsible for the obstruction. ``Dualizing'' the cosmological constant to an 11-form field also fails

No Cosmological D=11 Supergravity

no cosmological d=11 supergravity

complementary ways supergravity versions forbids cosmological extension. linearize putative sitter supersymmetry invariance noether supersymmetry. usual point. cohomology argument establishes deformations involving cosmological terms. obstruction. dualizing cosmological fails

exact_dup

28950285

10.1038/kisup.2011.19

Developing new therapeutic approaches to treat acute kidney injury requires a detailed understanding of endogenous cellular repair. Genetic fate mapping defines cellular hierarchies in vivo and we used this technique to assess a possible contribution of non-epithelial stem cells to renal repair after ischemic injury. Mice with efficient labeling of renal epithelial cells, but not non-epithelial interstitial cells, were subjected to a single cycle or sequential cycles of kidney injury and repair. No dilution of the epithelial cell fate marker was observed despite robust epithelial cell proliferation. Thus, non-tubular cells do not have the ability to migrate across the basement membrane and differentiate into epithelial cells in this model. Instead, surviving tubular epithelial cells are responsible for repair of the damaged nephron. Future studies will need to distinguish between uniform dedifferentiation and proliferation of all epithelial cells after injury versus selective expansion of an intratubular epithelial stem cell

Genetic tracing of the epithelial lineage during mammalian kidney repair

genetic tracing of the epithelial lineage during mammalian kidney repair

therapeutic treat kidney injury endogenous repair. fate defines hierarchies epithelial repair ischemic injury. labeling epithelial epithelial interstitial subjected sequential cycles kidney injury repair. dilution epithelial fate marker robust epithelial proliferation. tubular migrate basement differentiate epithelial model. surviving tubular epithelial repair damaged nephron. distinguish dedifferentiation proliferation epithelial injury selective intratubular epithelial

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29137522

10.1016/j.aei.2012.04.001

This work is a part of workpackage 300 in the AXSPAD project. Several partners are contributing to this project: Altep Ingenieries, AXS Analyse de structure and AIRCELLE groupe SAFRAN. In particular, the authors would like to thank Florent Braure, Guillaume Ruiz and Nicolas Gehin.In most industrial design processes, the approaches used to obtain a design solution that best fits the specification requirements result in many iterations of the “trial-and-error” type, starting from an initial solution. In this paper, a method is proposed to formalize the decision process in order to automate it, and to provide optimal design solutions. Two types of knowledge are formalized. The first expresses the satisfaction of design objectives, relating to physical behaviors of candidate design solutions. This formalization uses three models, an observation one, an interpretation one and an aggregation one; every design solution is qualified through a single performance variable (a single objective function). The second model is related to modifications that may or may not be applicable to the pre-existing solution. The Designer is often able to define preferences concerning design variables. Some modifications related to this pre-existing solution, can be preferred to other ones. A hierarchy of design variables is proposed to formalize these preferences. The concept of arc-elasticity is introduced as a post-processing indicator to qualify candidate solutions through a trade-off between the performance improvement and their relative distances to the initial solution. The proposed method is used and applied to a riveted assembly, and a genetic algorithm is used to identify optimal solutions

Arc-elasticity and hierarchical exploration of the neighborhood of solutions in mechanical design

arc-elasticity and hierarchical exploration of the neighborhood of solutions in mechanical design

workpackage axspad project. partners contributing altep ingenieries analyse aircelle groupe safran. florent braure guillaume ruiz nicolas gehin.in industrial fits specification iterations “trial error” solution. formalize automate solutions. formalized. expresses satisfaction objectives relating behaviors candidate solutions. formalization aggregation qualified modifications applicable solution. designer preferences concerning variables. modifications preferred ones. hierarchy formalize preferences. elasticity indicator qualify candidate trade distances solution. riveted assembly

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30717807

10.1007/s10993-016-9402-6

Drawing on theory from critical language policy literature, this article explores the impact of discourses on in-migration on Welsh language policy. By focussing on discursive debates surrounding the subject of in-migration, the article analyses how a range of actors produce and reproduce discourses on in-migration in Wales and how these discursive struggles impact on policy. It argues that, while certain actors have been able to construct a powerful discourse on in-migration through language debates, others have failed to make their voices heard and their views on the subject have been silenced. This unequal access to the production of discourse is not incidental; it is indicative of wider power structures at play within bilingual or multilingual language communities. Therefore, while the study focusses on Wales, the article highlights a theme that is relevant to all minoritized language groups, that of the interrelationship between policy, politics and power. It also stresses the importance of adopting an approach to language policy that takes into account both structure and agency alike, and confirms that language groups should not be conceptualised by number of speakers using categories such as ?dominant?, ?subordinate?, ?majority? and ?minority?, but rather by issues of power and status.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Language policy, in-migration and discursive debates in Wales

language policy, in-migration and discursive debates in wales

drawing explores discourses migration welsh policy. focussing discursive debates surrounding migration actors reproduce discourses migration wales discursive struggles policy. argues actors powerful discourse migration debates failed voices heard views silenced. unequal discourse incidental indicative wider bilingual multilingual communities. focusses wales highlights theme minoritized interrelationship politics power. stresses adopting agency alike confirms conceptualised speakers categories subordinate majority minority status.publishersversionpeer reviewe

exact_dup

33091175

10.1083/jcb.200606074

The regulation of microtubule dynamics is attributed to microtubule-associated proteins that bind to the microtubule outer surface, but little is known about cellular components that may associate with the internal side of microtubules. We used cryoelectron tomography to investigate in a quantitative manner the three dimensional structure of microtubules in intact mammalian cells. We show that the lumen of microtubules in this native state is filled with discrete, globular particles with a diameter of 7 nm and spacings between 8 and 20 nm in neuronal cells. Cross-sectional views of microtubules confirm the presence of luminal material in vitreous sections of brain tissue. Most of the luminal particles had connections to the microtubule wall, as revealed in tomograms. A higher accumulation of particles was seen near the retracting plus ends of microtubules. The luminal particles were abundant in neurons, but were also observed in other cells, such as astrocytes and stem cells

Luminal particles within cellular microtubules.

luminal particles within cellular microtubules.

microtubule attributed microtubule bind microtubule outer associate microtubules. cryoelectron tomography manner microtubules intact mammalian cells. lumen microtubules native filled globular spacings neuronal cells. sectional views microtubules confirm luminal vitreous tissue. luminal connections microtubule tomograms. accumulation retracting ends microtubules. luminal abundant astrocytes

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33170784

10.1080/02640414.2012.711485

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of positioning on the correctness of decision making of top-class referees and assistant referees during international games. Match analyses were carried out during the Fe´de´ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Confederations Cup 2009 and 380 foul play incidents and 165 offside situations were examined. The error percentage for the referees when indicating the incidents averaged 14%. The lowest error percentage occurred in the central area of the field, where the collaboration of the assistant referee is limited, and was achieved when\ud indicating the incidents from a distance of 11–15 m, whereas this percentage peaked (23%) in the last 15-min match period.\ud The error rate for the assistant referees was 13%. Distance of the assistant referee to the offside line did not have an impact on the quality of the offside decision. The risk of making incorrect decisions was reduced when the assistant referees viewed the offside situations from an angle between 46 and 608. Incorrect offside decisions occurred twice as often in the second as in the first half of the games. Perceptual-cognitive training sessions specific to the requirements of the game should be\ud implemented in the weekly schedule of football officials to reduce the overall error rate

Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches

effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches

examine positioning correctness referees assistant referees games. match fe´de´ration internationale football fifa confederations foul incidents offside situations examined. referees incidents averaged occurred assistant referee incidents peaked match period. assistant referees assistant referee offside offside decision. incorrect decisions assistant referees viewed offside situations incorrect offside decisions occurred twice games. perceptual sessions game implemented weekly schedule football officials

exact_dup

33175447

10.1016/S0965-9978(98)00032-5

A consistent Finite Element formulation was developed for four classical 1-D beam models. This formulation is based upon the solution of the homogeneous differential equation (or equations) associated with each model. Results such as the shape functions, stiffness matrices and consistent force vectors for the constant section beam were found. Some of these results were compared with the corresponding ones obtained by the standard Finite Element Method (i.e. using polynomial expansions for the field variables). Some of the difficulties reported in the literature concerning some of these models may be avoided by this technique and some numerical sensitivity analysis on this subject are presented

Some consistent finite element formulations of 1-D beam models: a comparative study

some consistent finite element formulations of 1-d beam models: a comparative study

formulation models. formulation homogeneous model. stiffness found. i.e. expansions difficulties concerning avoided

exact_dup

33176101

10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.017

One of the common failure modes of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure with a bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) is intermediate crack (IC) debonding, which is originated at a critical section in the vicinity of flexural cracks and propagates to a plate end. Despite considerable research over the last years, few reliable and simplified IC debonding strength models have been developed. This paper firstly presents a one-dimensional model based on the discrete crack approach for concrete and the spectral element method for the numerical simulation of the IC debonding process. The progressive formation of flexural cracks and subsequent concrete-FRP interfacial debonding is formulated by the introduction of a new element able to represent both phenomena simultaneously without perturbing the numerical procedure. Furthermore, with the proposed model, high frequency dynamic response for these kinds of structures can also be obtained in a very simple and non-expensive way, which makes this procedure very useful as a tool for diagnoses and detection of debonding in its initial stage by monitoring the change in local dynamic characteristics

A discrete spectral model for intermediate crack debonding in FRP-strengthened RC beams

a discrete spectral model for intermediate crack debonding in frp-strengthened rc beams

reinforced concrete beams strengthened flexure bonded fibre reinforced polymer crack debonding originated vicinity flexural cracks propagates plate end. considerable reliable simplified debonding developed. firstly presents crack concrete debonding process. progressive flexural cracks concrete interfacial debonding formulated phenomena simultaneously perturbing procedure. kinds expensive diagnoses debonding

exact_dup

33452935

10.1080/23308249.2015.1026226

Some 290 species of squids comprise the order Teuthida that belongs to the molluscan Class Cephalopoda. Of these, about 30–40 squid species have substantial commercial importance around the world. Squid fisheries make a rather small contribution to world landings from capture fisheries relative to that of fish, but the proportion has increased steadily over the last decade, with some signs of recent leveling off. The present overview describes all substantial squid fisheries around the globe. The main ecological and biological features of exploited stocks, and key aspects of fisheries management are presented for each commercial species of squid worldwide. The history and fishing methods used in squid fisheries are also described. Special attention has been paid to interactions between squid fisheries and marine ecosystems including the effects of fishing gear, the role of squid in ecosystem change induced by overfishing on groundfish, and ecosystem-based fishery management

World squid fisheries

world squid fisheries

squids comprise teuthida belongs molluscan cephalopoda. squid substantial commercial world. squid fisheries landings capture fisheries fish proportion steadily decade signs leveling off. overview describes substantial squid fisheries globe. ecological exploited stocks fisheries commercial squid worldwide. fishing squid fisheries described. paid squid fisheries marine ecosystems fishing gear squid ecosystem overfishing groundfish ecosystem fishery

exact_dup

33753337

10.1016/j.shpsb.2005.04.004

Dirac's approach to gauge symmetries is discussed. We follow closely the steps that led him from his conjecture concerning the generators of gauge transformations {\it at a given time} ---to be contrasted with the common view of gauge transformations as maps from solutions of the equations of motion into other solutions--- to his decision to artificially modify the dynamics, substituting the extended Hamiltonian (including all first-class onstraints) for the total Hamiltonian (including only the primary first-class constraints). We show in detail that Dirac's analysis was incomplete and, in completing it, we prove that the fulfilment of Dirac's conjecture ---in the ``non-pathological" cases--- does not imply any need to modify the dynamics. We give a couple of simple but significant examples

On Dirac's incomplete analysis of gauge transformations

on dirac's incomplete analysis of gauge transformations

dirac symmetries discussed. closely conjecture concerning generators transformations contrasted transformations artificially modify substituting onstraints dirac incomplete completing fulfilment dirac conjecture pathological imply modify dynamics. couple

exact_dup

35089223

10.1007/JHEP07(2015)019

We examine integrable λ -deformations of SO( n + 1) / SO( n ) coset CFTs and their analytic continuations. We provide an interpretation of the deformation as a squashing of the corresponding coset σ -model’s target space. We realise the λ -deformation for n = 5 case as a solution to supergravity supported by non-vanishing five-form and dilaton. This interpolates between the coset CFT SO(4 , 2) / SO(4 , 1) × SO(6) / SO(5) constructed as a gauged WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the AdS 5 × S 5 spacetime

Integrable λ -deformations: squashing coset CFTs and AdS 5 × S 5

integrable λ -deformations: squashing coset cfts and ads 5 × s 5

examine integrable deformations coset cfts analytic continuations. deformation squashing coset model’s space. realise deformation supergravity vanishing dilaton. interpolates coset gauged abelian spacetime

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35089787

10.1007/JHEP05(2015)143

We find static spherically symmetric solutions of scale invariant R 2 gravity. The latter has been shown to be equivalent to General Relativity with a positive cosmological constant and a scalar mode. Therefore, one expects that solutions of the R 2 theory will be identical to that of Einstein theory. Indeed, we find that the solutions of R 2 gravity are in one-to-one correspondence with solutions of General Relativity in the case of non-vanishing Ricci scalar. However, scalar-flat R = 0 solutions are global minima of the R 2 action and they cannot in general be mapped to solutions of the Einstein theory. As we will discuss, the R = 0 solutions arise in Einstein gravity as solutions in the tensionless, strong coupling limit M P → 0. As a further result, there is no corresponding Birkhoff theorem and the Schwarzschild black hole is by no means unique in this framework. In fact, R 2 gravity has a rich structure of vacuum static spherically symmetric solutions partially uncovered here. We also find charged static spherically symmetric backgrounds coupled to a U(1) field. Finally, we provide the entropy and energy formulas for the R 2 theory and we find that entropy and energy vanish for scalar-flat backgrounds

Black hole solutions in R 2 gravity

black hole solutions in r 2 gravity

spherically gravity. relativity cosmological mode. expects einstein theory. correspondence relativity vanishing ricci scalar. minima mapped einstein theory. arise einstein tensionless birkhoff schwarzschild framework. spherically partially uncovered here. spherically backgrounds field. formulas vanish backgrounds

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35092853

10.1007/JHEP08(2015)031

The holographic entanglement entropy for the most general higher derivative gravity is investigated. We find a new type of Wald entropy, which appears on entangling surface without the rotational symmetry and reduces to usual Wald entropy on Killing horizon. Furthermore, we obtain a formal formula of HEE for the most general higher derivative gravity and work it out exactly for some squashed cones. As an important application, we derive HEE for gravitational action with one derivative of the curvature when the extrinsic curvature vanishes. We also study some toy models with non-zero extrinsic curvature. We prove that our formula yields the correct universal term of entanglement entropy for 4d CFTs. Furthermore, we solve the puzzle raised by Hung, Myers and Smolkin that the logarithmic term of entanglement entropy derived from Weyl anomaly of CFTs does not match the holographic result even if the extrinsic curvature vanishes. We find that such mismatch comes from the ‘anomaly of entropy’ of the derivative of curvature. After considering such contributions carefully, we resolve the puzzle successfully. In general, we need to fix the splitting problem for the conical metrics in order to derive the holographic entanglement entropy. We find that, at least for Einstein gravity, the splitting problem can be fixed by using equations of motion. How to derive the splittings for higher derivative gravity is a non-trivial and open question. For simplicity, we ignore the splitting problem in this paper and find that it does not affect our main results

Holographic entanglement entropy for the most general higher derivative gravity

holographic entanglement entropy for the most general higher derivative gravity

holographic entanglement investigated. wald entangling rotational reduces usual wald killing horizon. formal squashed cones. derive gravitational curvature extrinsic curvature vanishes. extrinsic curvature. universal entanglement cfts. solve puzzle raised hung myers smolkin logarithmic entanglement weyl anomaly cfts match holographic extrinsic curvature vanishes. mismatch comes ‘anomaly entropy’ curvature. carefully resolve puzzle successfully. splitting conical metrics derive holographic entanglement entropy. einstein splitting motion. derive splittings trivial question. simplicity ignore splitting

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41124010

10.1093/ABBS/GMP071

Erythrocyte senescence is characterized by exposure of cell surface epitopes on cell membrane proteins leading to immune mediated removal of red blood cells. One mechanism for antigen formation is tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P) of the transmembrane protein band 3 by Syk kinase. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that proteolytic activation of Syk kinase by conversion from 72 kDa (p72Syk) to the 36 kDa (p36Syk) isoform enhances its phosphorylating activity independently of the association of Syk kinase with the cytoskeleton. Tyr-P assay was conducted using quantification of 32P uptake into the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 after addition of p72Syk or p36Syk. Effect of prephosphorylation of erythrocyte membrane band 3 protein by p36Syk on p72Syk-mediated phosphorylation and the effect of addition of a protease inhibitor (leupeptin) on p72Syk-mediated phosphorylation were studied by autoradiographic visualization of 32P uptake. Tyr-P by Syk isoforms of membrane skeletal and soluble fractions of band 3 was visualized by immunoblotting. It was found that p36Syk had a higher band 3 tyrosine phosphorylating activity compared with p72Syk. Pre-phosphorylation with p36Syk or p72Syk increased band 3 phosphorylating activity. Protease inhibition treatment reduced p72Syk but not p36Syk band 3 tyrosine phosphorylating activity significantly. Both soluble and membrane skeletal fractions of band 3 protein were equally tyrosine phosphorylated by each Syk isoform. In conclusion, we confirmed the hypothesis that proteolytic cleavage of p72Syk is an important regulatory step for band 3 Tyr-P and its independence of the association of band 3 with the cytoskeleton

REGULATION OF MEMBRANE BAND 3 TYR-PHOSPHORYLATION BY PROTEOLYSIS OF P72 AND POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT IN SENESCENCE PROCESS

regulation of membrane band 3 tyr-phosphorylation by proteolysis of p72 and possible involvement in senescence process

erythrocyte senescence epitopes immune removal cells. antigen tyrosine phosphorylation transmembrane kinase. proteolytic conversion isoform enhances phosphorylating independently cytoskeleton. quantification uptake cytoplasmic syk. prephosphorylation erythrocyte phosphorylation protease inhibitor leupeptin phosphorylation autoradiographic visualization uptake. isoforms skeletal soluble fractions visualized immunoblotting. tyrosine phosphorylating syk. phosphorylation phosphorylating activity. protease tyrosine phosphorylating significantly. soluble skeletal fractions equally tyrosine phosphorylated isoform. confirmed proteolytic cleavage regulatory independence cytoskeleton

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41991166

10.1016/j.compmedimag.2015.07.006

This paper presents a retinal vessel segmentation algorithm which uses a texton dictionary to classify vessel/non-vessel pixels. However, in contrast to previous work where filter parameters are learnt from manually labelled image pixels our filter parameters are derived from a smaller set of image features that we call keypoints. A Gabor filter bank, parameterised empirically by ROC analysis, is used to extract keypoints representing significant scale specific vessel features using an approach inspired by the SIFT algorithm. We first determine keypoints using a validation set and then derive seeds from these points to initialise a k-means clustering algorithm which builds a texton dictionary from another training set. During testing we use a simple 1-NN classifier to identify vessel/non-vessel pixels and evaluate our system using the DRIVE database. We achieve average values of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 78.12%, 96.68% and 95.05% respectively. We find that clusters of filter responses from keypoints are more robust than those derived from hand-labelled pixels. This, in turn yields textons more representative of vessel/non-vessel classes and mitigates problems arising due to intra and inter-observer variability

Retinal vessel segmentation using multi-scale textons derived from keypoints

retinal vessel segmentation using multi-scale textons derived from keypoints

presents retinal vessel segmentation texton dictionary classify vessel vessel pixels. filter learnt manually labelled pixels filter call keypoints. gabor filter bank parameterised empirically extract keypoints representing vessel inspired sift algorithm. keypoints validation derive seeds initialise clustering builds texton dictionary set. classifier vessel vessel pixels drive database. specificity respectively. filter keypoints robust labelled pixels. textons vessel vessel mitigates arising intra observer

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42593344

10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.006

Detailed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and chiral Enantiomer Fractions (EFs) of CB-95, CB-136 and CB-149 were measured for 30 workers at a transformer dismantling plant. This was undertaken to identify sources of exposure and investigate changes to the PCB signature and EFs over different exposure periods. Approximately 1.5g of serum was extracted and PCB signatures were created through analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) and EFs calculated following analysis by gas chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). A total of 84 PCBs were identified in the serum samples with concentrations of the 7 indicator PCBs ranging from 11-350ngg(-1) of serum (1.2-39μgg(-1) lipid). The PCB signatures were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA) which was able to distinguish workers with background or recent minimal exposure from those with prolonged occupational exposure. Occupationally exposed individuals had a similar PCB profile to Aroclor A1260. However, individuals with prolonged exposure had depleted proportions of several PCB congeners that are susceptible to metabolism (CB-95, CB-101 and CB-151) and elevated proportions of PCBs that are resistant to metabolism (CB-74, CB-153, CB-138 and CB-180). The results also identified a third group of workers with elevated proportions of CB-28, CB-60, CB-66, CB-74, CB-105 and CB-118 who appeared to have been exposed to an additional source of PCBs. The results show near complete removal of the CB-95 E2 enantiomer in some samples, indicating that bioselective metabolism or preferential excretion of one enantiomer occurs in humans. By considering PCB concentrations along with detailed congener specific signatures it was possible to identify different exposure sources, and gain an insight into both the magnitude and duration of exposure

Can polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and enantiomer fractions be used for source identification and to age date occupational exposure?

can polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) signatures and enantiomer fractions be used for source identification and to age date occupational exposure?

polychlorinated biphenyl signatures chiral enantiomer fractions workers transformer dismantling plant. undertaken signature periods. signatures created comprehensive chromatography flight spectrometry gc×gc tofms chromatography spectrometry hrms pcbs indicator pcbs ranging signatures interpreted principal distinguish workers prolonged occupational exposure. occupationally exposed aroclor prolonged depleted proportions congeners susceptible metabolism elevated proportions pcbs resistant metabolism workers elevated proportions appeared exposed pcbs. removal enantiomer bioselective metabolism preferential excretion enantiomer humans. congener signatures insight

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44738354

10.1073/pnas.1611386113

Here we show the extent to which the expected world population growth could be lowered by successfully implementing the recently agreed-upon Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs include specific quantitative targets on mortality, reproductive health, and education for all girls by 2030, measures that will directly and indirectly affect future demographic trends. Based on a multidimensional model of population dynamics that stratifies national populations by age, sex, and level of education with educational fertility and mortality differentials, we translate these goals into SDG population scenarios, resulting in population sizes between 8.2 and 8.7 billion in 2100. Because these results lie outside the 95% prediction range given by the 2015 United Nations probabilistic population projections, we complement the study with sensitivity analyses of these projections that suggest that those prediction intervals are too narrow because of uncertainty in baseline data, conservative assumptions on correlations, and the possibility of new policies influencing these trends. Although the analysis presented here rests on several assumptions about the implementation of the SDGs and the persistence of educational, fertility, and mortality differentials, it quantitatively illustrates the view that demography is not destiny and that policies can make a decisive difference. In particular, advances in female education and reproductive health can contribute greatly to reducing world population growth

Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals leads to lower world population growth

meeting the sustainable development goals leads to lower world population growth

lowered successfully implementing agreed sustainable goals sdgs sdgs targets reproductive girls indirectly demographic trends. multidimensional stratifies educational fertility differentials translate goals scenarios sizes billion nations probabilistic projections complement projections intervals narrow conservative assumptions policies influencing trends. rests assumptions sdgs persistence educational fertility differentials quantitatively illustrates demography destiny policies decisive difference. advances reproductive greatly reducing

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46777280

10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.01.093

International audienceThe structure of the light exotic nucleus 8He was investigated using direct reactions of the 8He SPIRAL beam on a proton-rich target. The (p,p') scattering to the Click to view the MathML source state, the (p,d)7He and (p,t)6He transfer reactions, were measured at the energy Elab=15.7 A.MeV. The light charged particles (p,d,t) were detected in the MUST Si-strip telescope array. The excitation spectrum of 8He was extracted from the (p,p') reaction. Above the known Click to view the MathML source excited state at 3.6 MeV, a second resonance was found around 5.4 MeV. The cross sections were analyzed within the coupled-reaction channels framework, using microscopic potentials. It is inferred that the 8He ground state has a more complex neutron-skin structure than suggested by previous α+4n models assuming a pure (1p3/2)4 configuration

Low-lying states and structure of the exotic $^8$He via direct reactions on the proton

low-lying states and structure of the exotic $^8$he via direct reactions on the proton

audiencethe exotic nucleus spiral proton target. click mathml elab a.mev. strip telescope array. reaction. click mathml excited mev. microscopic potentials. inferred neutron

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47080523

10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00854

International audienceWe study the effect of citrate to gold molar ratio (X) on the size of citrated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This dependence is still a matter of debate for X ≥ 3 where the polydispersity is yet minimized. Indeed, there is no consensus between experiments proposed so far for comparable experimental conditions. Nonetheless, the sole available theoretical prediction has never been validated experimentally in this range of X. We show unambiguously using 3 techniques (UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electronic microscopy), 2 different synthetic approaches (Direct, Inverse) and 10 X values for each approach that AuNPs’ size decay as a monoexponential with X. This result is, for the first time, in agreement with the sole available theoretical prediction by Kumar et al. on the whole studied range of X

New Insight Into the Size Tuning of Monodispersed Colloidal Gold Obtained by Citrate Method

new insight into the size tuning of monodispersed colloidal gold obtained by citrate method

audiencewe citrate gold molar citrated gold nanoparticles aunps debate polydispersity minimized. consensus comparable conditions. nonetheless sole never validated experimentally unambiguously spectroscopy microscopy synthetic aunps’ monoexponential sole kumar

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47307274

10.1007/978-3-642-55355-4_37

Part 6: Decision Making and Knowledge ManagementInternational audienceIn this paper, we review, literature concerning the relationship between the requirements for information systems design and business intelligence (BI). This is to provide a basis for discussion on the need for the integration of BI into information systems design. Literature on the current design patterns for information systems and BI were reviewed to identify design trends that are contributing to the use of BI that are based on only the data extracted from source information systems. We observe three main layers of logical design pattern for computer-supported information systems, namely, information presentation layer, domain model layer and information source layer. We classified according to the design purpose of each layer, which are, purposeful use of information presentation (Pragmatics design layer), meaning and understanding of information within particular business domains (Semantics design layer) and storage of signs for information captured and encoded into data (Syntactic design layer). We propose LOPIBIS as a logical pattern for integrating BI into information systems design, which is to support the use of a single version of business rules (SVOBR) to capture, process and recall same sets of data in source information systems. Subsequently enabling to the use of BI that are based on not just the data extracted from source information systems, but data with the contexts of business actions

A Logical Pattern for Integrating Business Intelligence into Information Systems Design

a logical pattern for integrating business intelligence into information systems design

managementinternational audiencein concerning intelligence design. reviewed contributing systems. logical presentation layer. classified purposeful presentation pragmatics meaning semantics storage signs captured encoded syntactic propose lopibis logical integrating svobr capture systems. subsequently enabling contexts

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47307291

10.1007/978-3-642-55355-4_30

Part 5: Modelling and SimulationInternational audienceIn this paper we proposed a novel method that aggregates the “Functionality” and the “Equilibrium” to calculate the weight of comprehensive evaluation problem, The method calculate the weight coefficient according to the principle of “variance drive” firstly, then considering the development of the system balance with relative equilibrium coefficient to arrive at the comprehensive evaluation results of various systems. The method reflects the scientificity, impartiality and rationality. So it can avoid the phenomenon “one swallow make a summer”, which can promote the healthy development of the whole system. Finally, a numerical example was given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

A Comprehensive Evaluation Approach that Highlights the ’Equilibrium’ and Its Application in Evaluation on Regional Innovation Capability

a comprehensive evaluation approach that highlights the ’equilibrium’ and its application in evaluation on regional innovation capability

simulationinternational audiencein aggregates “functionality” “equilibrium” comprehensive “variance drive” firstly balance arrive comprehensive systems. reflects scientificity impartiality rationality. avoid phenomenon “one swallow summer” promote healthy system. illustrate effectiveness

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47325980

10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra

International audienceThis study describes and explains the paradox of related languages in contact that show signs of both linguistic divergence and convergence. Seventeen distinct languages are spoken in the northernmost islands of Vanuatu. These closely related Oceanic languages have evolved from an earlier dialect network, by progressive diversification. Innovations affecting word forms — mostly sound change and lexical replacement — have usually spread only short distances across the network; their accumulation over time has resulted in linguistic fragmentation , as each spatially-anchored community developed its own distinctive vocabulary. However, while languages follow a strong tendency to diverge in the form of their words, they also exhibit a high degree of isomorphism in their linguistic structures, and in the organization of their grammars and lexicons. This structural homogeneity, typically manifested by the perfect translatability of constructions across languages, reflects the traditions of mutual contact and multilingualism which these small communities have followed throughout their history. While word forms are perceived as emblematic of place and diffuse to smaller social circles, linguistic structures are left free to diffuse across much broader networks. Ultimately, the effects of divergence and convergence are the end result, over time, of these two distinct forms of horizontal diffusion

Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage: A tale of divergence and convergence

social ecology and language history in the northern vanuatu linkage: a tale of divergence and convergence

audiencethis describes explains paradox languages signs linguistic divergence convergence. seventeen languages spoken northernmost islands vanuatu. closely oceanic languages evolved dialect progressive diversification. innovations affecting word mostly sound lexical replacement spread distances accumulation resulted linguistic fragmentation spatially anchored distinctive vocabulary. languages tendency diverge exhibit isomorphism linguistic grammars lexicons. homogeneity manifested perfect translatability constructions languages reflects traditions mutual multilingualism communities history. word perceived emblematic diffuse circles linguistic diffuse broader networks. ultimately divergence

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