ARCHIVE NOTICE

This repository is now significantly outdated. You should use the repository at sqlcoder-7b-2 instead. It is significantly better and consumes fewer GPU resources.

Defog SQLCoder

Defog's SQLCoder is a state-of-the-art LLM for converting natural language questions to SQL queries.

Interactive Demo | ♾️ Colab | 🐦 Twitter

TL;DR

SQLCoder is a 15B parameter model that slightly outperforms gpt-3.5-turbo for natural language to SQL generation tasks on our sql-eval framework, and significantly outperforms all popular open-source models. It also significantly outperforms text-davinci-003, a model that's more than 10 times its size.

SQLCoder is fine-tuned on a base StarCoder model.

Results on novel datasets not seen in training

model	perc_correct
gpt-4	74.3
defog-sqlcoder	64.6
gpt-3.5-turbo	60.6
defog-easysql	57.1
text-davinci-003	54.3
wizardcoder	52.0
starcoder	45.1

License

The model weights have a CC BY-SA 4.0 license, with OpenRAIL-M clauses for responsible use attached. The TL;DR is that you can use and modify the model for any purpose – including commercial use. However, if you modify the weights (for example, by fine-tuning), you must open-source your modified weights under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 license terms.

Training

Defog was trained on 10,537 human-curated questions across 2 epochs. These questions were based on 10 different schemas. None of the schemas in the training data were included in our evaluation framework.

Training happened in 2 phases. The first phase was on questions that were classified as "easy" or "medium" difficulty, and the second phase was on questions that were classified as "hard" or "extra hard" difficulty.

The results of training on our easy+medium data were stored in a model called defog-easy. We found that the additional training on hard+extra-hard data led to a 7 percentage point increase in performance.

Results by question category

We classified each generated question into one of 5 categories. The table displays the percentage of questions answered correctly by each model, broken down by category.

query_category	gpt-4	defog-sqlcoder	gpt-3.5-turbo	defog-easy	text-davinci-003	wizard-coder	star-coder
group_by	82.9	77.1	71.4	62.9	62.9	68.6	54.3
order_by	71.4	65.7	60.0	68.6	60.0	54.3	57.1
ratio	62.9	57.1	48.6	40.0	37.1	22.9	17.1
table_join	74.3	57.1	60.0	54.3	51.4	54.3	51.4
where	80.0	65.7	62.9	60.0	60.0	60.0	45.7

Using SQLCoder

You can use SQLCoder via the transformers library by downloading our model weights from the HuggingFace repo. We have added sample code for inference here. You can also use a demo on our website here, or run SQLCoder in Colab here

Hardware Requirements

SQLCoder has been tested on an A100 40GB GPU with bfloat16 weights. You can also load an 8-bit quantized version of the model on consumer GPUs with 20GB or more of memory – like RTX 4090, RTX 3090, and Apple M2 Pro, M2 Max, or M2 Ultra Chips with 20GB or more of memory.

Todo

Open-source the v1 model weights
Train the model on more data, with higher data variance
Tune the model further with Reward Modelling and RLHF
Pretrain a model from scratch that specializes in SQL analysis

defog
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sqlcoder