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{ "retrieved": [ "Charleston Mercury The Charleston Mercury was a newspaper in Charleston, South Carolina founded by Henry L. Pinckney in 1819. He was its sole editor for fifteen years. It ceased publication with the Union Army occupation of Charleston. After the American Civil War, publication resumed in November 1866 before the paper closed permanently two years later in 1868. During the American Civil War, the paper was \"strongly secessionist\", calling upon South Carolinian men to take up arms and wage war against the United States in order to preserve slavery. Its owner, Robert Barnwell Rhett, had two plantations and 190 slaves. The paper was critical of Davis and Confederate generals, in contrast with its pro-Davis competitor the \"Charleston Courier\". Humorist George William Bagby was a Richmond, Virginia correspondent of the \"Charleston Mercury\" during the Civil War era and \"covered the politics of the war and made a reputation for Hermes, his pen name, as a fearless writer who would criticize Confederate General Robert E. Lee as easily as Confederate President Jefferson Davis\". Tim Hames wrote for the \"Charleston Mercury\" and \"The Tablet\". Charleston Mercury The Charleston Mercury was a newspaper in Charleston, South Carolina founded by Henry L. Pinckney in 1819. He" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Artur Rother Artur Martin Rother (12 October 188522 September 1972) was a German conductor who worked mainly in the opera house. He was born in Stettin, Pomerania (now Szczecin, Poland). His father was an organist and music teacher. He studied under Hugo Kaun and other teachers. By the age of 20, in 1906, he was conducting in Wiesbaden, and was assistant conductor for the Bayreuth Festival 1907-14. He was Generalmusikdirektor in Dessau 1927-34. After the Nazis came to power in Germany, Rother joined the Militant League for German Culture (Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur) 1933 for one year, but was not a member of the Nazi Party. From 1934 he conducted at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, succeeding Bruno Walter, and was appointed Generalmusikdirektor there in 1937. In 1941, he brought out his own edition of Mozart's \"Idomeneo\". Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt succeeded him. From 1946 to 1949 he was chief conductor of the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, based in East Berlin. Subsequently, he was a guest conductor of the RIAS Symphony Orchestra and the Städtische Oper Berlin. He was guest conductor with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1960-61, and an honorary member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965. Between 1935 and 1964, he conducted 41 concerts with the Berlin Philharmonic(and also concerts in Paris and Spain.) He died in Aschau im Chiemgau in 1972, aged 86. Artur Rother's recordings include excerpts from operas by Beethoven (\"Fidelio\"), Bizet (\"Carmen\"), Boieldieu (\"La dame blanche\"), Glinka (\"Ruslan and Ludmila\"), Flotow (\"Alessandro Stradella\"), Gluck (\"Iphigénie en Aulide\"), Gounod (\"Faust\"), Humperdinck (\"Hänsel und Gretel\"), Leoncavallo (\"Pagliacci\"), Mascagni (\"Cavalleria rusticana\"), Mozart (\"The Magic Flute\", \"The Marriage of Figaro\"), Nicolai (\"The Merry Wives of Windsor\"), Offenbach (\"The Tales of Hoffmann\"), Puccini (\"La bohème\", \"Madama Butterfly\"), Richard Strauss (\"Salome\"), Tchaikovsky (\"Eugene Onegin\", \"The Queen of Spades\"), Verdi (\"Don Carlos\", \"The Sicilian Vespers\", \"Simon Boccanegra\", \"Il trovatore\"), Wagner (\"Lohengrin\", \"Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg\", \"Rienzi\", \"Tannhäuser\"), and Weber (\"Der Freischütz\", \"Oberon\"). Singers who sang under his baton included: Peter Anders, Erna Berger, Walter Berry, Kim Borg, Maria Cebotari, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Josef Greindl, Hans Hotter, James King, Margarete Klose, Tiana Lemnitz, Max Lorenz, Christa Ludwig, Walther Ludwig, Martha Mödl, Helge Rosvaenge, Heinrich Schlusnus, Karl Schmitt-Walter, Rita Streich, Ludwig Suthaus, Wolfgang Windgassen and Fritz Wunderlich, He conducted an early experimental stereo recording using magnetic tape during late 1944 or early 1945 of Beethoven's \"Emperor\" Concerto with Walter Gieseking in which anti-aircraft guns can be heard firing during the quiet passages; it is one of only three such recordings known to survive. In 1953, he accompanied pianist Margot Pinter in recording for Urania of piano concerto n° 2 by Tchaikovsky. A decade later, at the beginning of the commercial stereo era, he accompanied pianist Jakob Gimpel in recordings for Ariola of piano concertos by Beethoven (No.4), Grieg and Schumann. He also recorded Beethoven's G major Violin Romance and Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto with Georg Kulenkampff; and Khachaturian's Violin Concerto in D minor with Gerhard Taschner. Artur Rother Artur Martin Rother (12 October 188522 September 1972) was a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Parse Thicket A Parse Thicket is a graph that represents the syntactic structure of a paragraph of text in natural language processing. A Parse Thicket includes Parse tree for each sentence for this paragraph plus some arcs for other relations between words other than syntactic. Parse thickets can be constructed for both constituency parse trees and dependency parse trees. The relations which link parse trees within a Parse Thicket are: To assess similarity between texts, such as a question and its candidate answers, parse thickets can be generalized In the image of parse thicket coreferences and entity-entity links are shown in solid red, and rhetoric/speech act relations are shown in dotted red. ETAP parser and tree visualization software is used. To compute generalization of two parse thickets, one needs to find their maximum common sub-graph (sub-thicket). Parse Thicket A Parse Thicket is a graph that represents the syntactic structure of a paragraph of text in natural language processing. A Parse Thicket includes Parse tree for each sentence for this paragraph plus some arcs for other relations between words other than syntactic. Parse thickets can be constructed for both constituency parse trees and dependency parse trees. The relations which link parse" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Wendi Michelle Scott Wendi Michelle Scott (born 1975) is a Frederick, Maryland mother of two who was charged on November 16, 2007 with sickening her four-year-old daughter in a notable case of Münchausen syndrome by proxy. Scott was charged with first- and second-degree child abuse, first- and second-degree assault and reckless endangerment. She was ordered to be held in jail on $75,000 bail. Frederick County Assistant State's Attorney Lindell K. Angel had urged Circuit Court Judge G. Edward Dwyer to set Scott's bail at $250,000, calling her a danger to herself and others. Defense attorney Mary Drawbaugh had asked for a lower bail, stating that Scott turned herself in and kept her weekly psychiatric appointments. According to court statements, Scott had previously feigned cancer for about a year between 2002 and 2003 by shaving her head and eyebrows and plucking her eyelashes. She moved about using a wheelchair or walker most of the time, convincing her husband, pastor, and friends that she was seriously ill. While it is unclear if there was a definitive past diagnosis, Angel characterized Scott in the November 16, 2007 hearing as having \"a history of Munchausen Syndrome.\" In the hearing, Angel described how Scott intravenously fed her daughter magnesium and withdrew blood to make her appear sickly and caused her daughter to suffer from severe diarrhea, blood loss, vomiting, high fever and a rapid heart rate. During this time, her daughter was being treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, but doctors there had been unable to find a cause for her symptoms. During three years of inpatient and outpatient treatments at Walter Reed, 72 procedures had been performed on the child, including blood transfusions and bone marrow tests because of suspicions of leukemia. Doctors admitted, that, if not for that suspicion, none of the procedures likely would have been required. In Scott's May, 2008 sentencing trial, Dr. Arthur deLorimier, a lieutenant colonel at Walter Reed, testified that the girl faces increased risks of cancer from repeated radiological tests, is developmentally delayed, and is in danger of future emotional problems. While the child was at Walter Reed, Scott had been posting an online diary documenting the travails of parenting a seriously ill child, Angel said. \"The doctors are at a loss,\" Angel said, reading from the journal. \"But we will continue to go on, and through friends, the hospital and everyone's prayers, we'll get through this.\" Scott entered a guilty plea to first-degree child abuse on March 13, 2008. In the hearing, Scott's defense attorney acknowledged her client intentionally harmed her child during the six-week period from May 1 to June 12, 2007, and conceded that the state could prove Scott committed the most serious of those acts during this time period. Judge Dwyer, again presiding, accepted Scott's plea and convicted her of abuse from May 1 to June 12, 2007. As part of the plea agreement, fourteen other charges against Scott were dropped, including allegations of assault and reckless endangerment. Dwyer ordered Scott to remain on home detention while awaiting trial and prohibited Scott from having contact with her children or entering Fort Detrick. In a six-hour sentencing hearing on May 8, 2008, Drawbaugh urged Dwyer to confine Scott to her home, allowing her to continue intensive psychotherapy to deal with severe mental illnesses. However, after hearing prosecution testimony as well, Judge Dwyer ordered Scott to serve 15 years of a 25-year sentence for the actions to which she had pleaded guilty. Wendi Michelle Scott Wendi Michelle Scott (born 1975) is a Frederick, Maryland mother of two who was charged on November 16, 2007" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Henderson then moved into films, playing Morag in Rob Roy (1995) and Spud's girlfriend Gail in Danny Boyle's Trainspotting (1996). She continued her work in the theatre, including many productions at the National Theatre in London. The following year, she appeared in Mike Leigh's Topsy-Turvy–which also provided an opportunity for her to show off her singing skills–and Michael Winterbottom's Wonderland. \n Small-screen appearances have included playing Marie Melmotte in The Way We Live Now (2001); Catherine of Braganza in Charles II:The Power and The Passion (2003); Charlotte in Dirty Filthy Love (2004); Ursula Blake in the Doctor Who episode \"Love & Monsters\" (2006); Emmeline Fox in The Crimson Petal and the White (2011); DS Angela Young in Death in Paradise (2011); and Meg Hawkins in Treasure Island (2012). She played Karen, the lead role, opposite John Simm in Channel 4's Everyday and Meme Kartosov in Anna Karenina. \n She played Jude in both Bridget Jones films and Moaning Myrtle in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). She co-starred in the British film Close Your Eyes (2002) along with Goran Višnjić and Miranda Otto and also played French princess Sophie-Philippine in Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette (2006). \n She played the school matron in Nick Moore's 2008 film Wild Child. \n * Girl From the North Country ... Elizabeth Laine; Old Vic, London; 8 July–7 October 2017 (director:Conor McPherson) \n * Anna Weiss ... Lynn; Whitehall Theatre, London; 22 November–18 December 1999 (author:Mike Cullen, director Michael Attenborough) \n * Shining Souls ... Mandy; Old Vic, London; 9 November–1 December 1997 (director:Chris Hannan) \n * The Maiden Stone ... Mary; Hampstead Theatre, London; 1999 (director:Matthew Lloyd) \n * The House of Bernarda Alba ... Stuart Davids; The Tramway, Glasgow; 10–20 September 1997 (author:Federico García Lorca; director:Stuart Davids) \n * Shining Souls ... Mandy; 1997 \n * The Life of Stuff ... Evelyn, Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh; 1996 (director:John Mitchell) \n * The Mill on the Floss ... Maggie Tulliver; Tricycle Theatre Shared Experience; 1994 (author:George Eliot, director:Nancy Meckler) \n * Romeo and Juliet ... Juliet; Citizens Theatre, Glasgow; 1993 (author:William Shakespeare, director:Giles Havergal) \n * Lions in the Street ... Isobel; Hampstead Theatre, London; 1993 (author:Paul Hoffman, director:Matthew Lloyd) \n * Eurydice ... Eurydice; Festival Theatre, Chichester; 1993 (director:Michael Rudman) \n * My Mother Said I Never Should ... Rosie; Royal Court Theatre, London; 1989 (author:Charlotte Keatley, director:Michael Attenborough) \n * The Winter's Tale ... Perdita; Royal National Theatre, London; 1988 (author:William Shakespeare, director:Peter Hall) \n * The Tempest ... Miranda; Royal National Theatre, London; 1988 (author:William Shakespeare, director:Peter Hall) \n * Entertaining Strangers ... Fanny; 1987", "Year | Title | Role | Notes \n---|---|---|--- \n| Shadow of the Stone | Elizabeth Findlay | \n| Wish Me Luck | Sylvie | 5 episodes \nCasualty | Denise | 1 episode \n1991 | Dreaming | Pauline | TV movie \nClarissa | Sally | TV movie \n1994 | The Bill | Kelly Rogers | 1 episode \n1995 | Hamish Macbeth | Isobel Sutherland | 19 episodes (1995–1997) \n| Bumping the Odds | Lynette | TV movie \n2000 | Animated Tales of the World | Malmhin | \n2001 | The Way We Live Now | Marie Melmotte | 4 episodes Nominated–Royal Television Society Award for Best Actor–Female \nIn a Land of Plenty | Anne Marie | 1 episode \n2003 | Charles II:The Power and The Passion | Catherine of Braganza | 4 episodes \n| Dirty Filthy Love | Charlotte | TV movie Nominated–Royal Television Society Award for Best Actor–Female \n2005 | ShakespeaRe-Told | Katherine Minola | The Taming of the Shrew \nEinstein's Big Idea | Mileva Maric | 1 episode \n2006 | Doctor Who | Ursula Blake | 1 episode:\"Love & Monsters\" \n2007 | Wedding Belles | Kelly | TV movie \n2008 | Agatha Christie's Marple:Murder Is Easy | Honoria Waynflete | TV movie \n2009 | May Contain Nuts | Alice | TV movie \n2011 | The Crimson Petal and the White | Emmeline Fox | \nDeath in Paradise | DS Angela Young | \nThe Gruffalo's Child | The Gruffalo's Child | \n2012 | Treasure Island | Meg Hawkins | TV movie \n2013 | Southcliffe | Claire Salter | Nominated–BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress \n2014 | Jamaica Inn | Hannah | \n2016 | Happy Valley | Frances Drummond | Series 2 \n Henderson was born in Forres, Moray, but grew up in Kincardine, Fife. As a child, she began singing in local clubs, at charity events, holiday camps and even a boxing contest. Having joined an after-school drama club, Henderson attended Fife College at the age of 16, where she completed a one-year course resulting in a National Certificate in Theatre Arts. She moved to London at 17 where she spent three years at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, graduating in 1986. \n Henderson got her first big break when Leonard White cast her as the lead in the children's television drama Shadow of the Stone on ITV. After this, she spent the majority of her twenties concentrating on performing a wide variety of roles in the theatre. Early 1990 saw her return to television screens when she appeared in the third series of the wartime drama series Wish Me Luck and in Clarissa (1991). More stage work followed before she landed the key role of Isobel in the popular BBC series Hamish Macbeth in 1995. \n Shirley Henderson \n--- \nShirley Henderson in 2009 \n| (1965-11-24) 24 November 1965 (age 52) Forres, Moray, Scotland \nOccupation | Actress \nYears active | 1987–present \nWebsite | Talent agency \n Year | Film | Role | Notes \n---|---|---|--- \n1991 | Advocates I | Andrea | aka The Advocates \n1994 | Salt on Our Skin | Mary | \n1995 | Rob Roy | Morag | \n| Trainspotting | Gail | \n1998 | Speak Like a Child | Woman in Dream | uncredited \n1999 | Topsy-Turvy | Leonora Braham | Nominated–London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year \nWonderland | Debbie | \n2000 | The Claim | Annie | \n2001 | Bridget Jones's Diary | Jude | \n2002 | The Girl in the Red Dress | Gaynor | \nHarry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets | Moaning Myrtle | \nDoctor Sleep | Detective Janet Losey | \nOnce Upon a Time in the Midlands | Shirley | \n24 Hour Party People | Lindsay Wilson | Nominated–London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year \nWilbur Wants to Kill Himself | Alice | Bordeaux International Festival of Women in Cinema:Best Actress Nominated–British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor/Actress \nVilla des roses | Ella | Nominated–British Independent Film Award for Best Actress \n2003 | American Cousins | Alice | Cherbourg-Octeville Festival of Irish & British Film:Best Actress Newport Beach Film Festival:Feature Film–Best Actress–Comedy \nIntermission | Sally | Nominated–London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year \nFishy | Glenda Sands | \nAfterLife | Ruby | \n| Yes | Cleaner | \nBridget Jones:The Edge of Reason | Jude | \n2005 | A Cock and Bull Story | Susannah | aka Tristram Shandy:A Cock and Bull Story \nThe Girl in the Red Dress | Gaynor | short Angers European First Film Festival:Mademoiselle Ladubay Award \nFrozen | Kath | BAFTA Scotland Award for Best Actress in a Scottish Film Cherbourg-Octeville Festival of Irish & British Film:Best Actress Créteil International Women's Film Festival:Special Mention Marrakech International Film Festival:Best Actress \nHarry Potter and the Goblet of Fire | Moaning Myrtle | \n2006 | Marie Antoinette | Aunt Sophie | \nMa Boy | Ali | \n2007 | I Really Hate My Job | Alice | \n2008 | Wild Child | Matron | \nMiss Pettigrew Lives for a Day | Edythe Dubarry | \n2009 | Life During Wartime | Joy | Nominated–Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Ensemble Cast \n| Meek's Cutoff | Glory White | \nThe Nutcracker in 3D | The Nutcracker | voice only \n2012 | Everyday | Karen | \nAnna Karenina | Meme Kartasov | \n2013 | The Look of Love | Rustie Humphries | \nIn Secret | Suzanne | \nFilth | Bunty | \n2015 | Tale of Tales | Imma | \n2016 | Bridget Jones's Baby | Jude | \n2017 | T2 Trainspotting | Gail | \nOkja | Jennifer | \nNever Steady, Never Still | Judy | \n2018 | Stan and Ollie | Lucille Hardy | \n Shirley Henderson (born 24 November 1965) is a Scottish actress. She played Gail in Trainspotting (1996), Jude in Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and Moaning Myrtle in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). Her other films include Topsy-Turvy (1999), Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself (2002), Bridget Jones:The Edge of Reason (2004), Frozen (2005), Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day (2008), Anna Karenina (2012) and the Netflix film Okja (2017). On television from 1995-1997, she starred opposite Robert Carlyle in the BBC series Hamish Macbeth. In 2014, she received a BAFTA TV Award nomination for the Channel 4 miniseries Southcliffe (2013). She has also featured as Frances Drummond in the BBC drama Happy Valley (2016)." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Richard Harrington (photographer) Richard Harrington, (February 24, 1911 – October 11, 2005) was a Canadian photographer. He is best known for his photographs taken in the Canadian Arctic between 1948 and 1953 including his iconic shot of the 1950 Canadian caribou famine. Born in Hamburg, Germany, he immigrated to Canada in the mid-1920s. During his career he traveled to more than 100 countries and his photographs have appeared in more than 24 books. His work has been shown at the National Archives of Canada, the Smithsonian Institution and the Museum of Modern Art. In 2001, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. Richard Harrington (photographer) Richard Harrington, (February 24, 1911 – October 11, 2005) was a Canadian photographer. He is best known for his photographs taken in the Canadian Arctic between 1948 and 1953 including his iconic shot of the 1950 Canadian caribou famine. Born in Hamburg, Germany, he immigrated to Canada in the mid-1920s. During his career he traveled to more than 100 countries and his photographs have appeared in more than 24 books. His work has been shown at the National Archives of Canada, the Smithsonian Institution and the Museum of Modern Art. In 2001," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Patrick Stokes (businessman) Patrick T Stokes is the former Chairman and CEO of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. He served as President and CEO from 2002 to December 2006 and Chairman from December 2006 to November 2008. Stokes was born in Washington, D.C.. He attended Xavier High School in New York City, earned a bachelor of science degree in mathematics from Boston College in 1964, where he graduated \"magna cum laude\". He then earned an MBA from Columbia University in 1966. Stokes and his wife Anna Kristine live in St. Louis County. They have three adult children. After graduating with a MBA from Columbia Business School in 1966, Stokes joined the corporate economics department at Shell Oil Co. in New York. Shortly thereafter, he joined the U.S. Army, and served at 1st Army Headquarters at Fort Meade, Maryland, for two years before signing on with Anheuser-Busch’s corporate planning department in St. Louis in 1969. A year later, Stokes was promoted to senior analyst, marking the beginning of a series of promotions. In 1972, he was named assistant to August Busch III – then the company’s executive vice president and general manager – and in 1974, was named vice president – raw materials and transportation. In 1976, he was appointed vice president materials acquisition, assuming new responsibilities for can and bottle procurement and malt production. In 1982, Anheuser-Busch acquired Campbell Taggart, a Dallas-based baking, refrigerated dough and frozen food company. At that time, Stokes was given responsibility for coordinating and consolidating planning and operations with the parent company. In 1984, he was named chief operating officer, and in 1986, he was appointed chairman of the board and president. In 1986, he also was named chairman of the board and chief executive officer for Eagle Snacks, consolidating food operations under his direction. He held these positions until 1990, when he was named president of the brewing subsidiary. In 1990, Stokes became president of Anheuser-Busch, Inc., the brewing subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch Cos. Inc., a position previously held by August Busch III, who also served as chairman and president of the brewery’s parent company. Under Stokes the company continued to grow and achieve record sales. In 1989, the brewing unit sold 80.7 million barrels of beer and had a market share of 42 percent. In 2004, Anheuser-Busch sold an all-time record 103.0 million barrels of beer domestically, marking the 27th consecutive year of record sales. Today, the company holds nearly 49 percent of the domestic industry. Stokes was elected to the Anheuser-Busch Cos., Inc. board of directors in 2000. In 2002, he was named president and chief executive officer of Anheuser-Busch Cos., Inc. In 1991, Stokes was presented with the Boston College Award of Excellence in Commerce. He is currently a member of the Boston College Board of Trustees. Patrick Stokes (businessman) Patrick T Stokes is the former Chairman and CEO of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. He served as President and CEO from 2002 to December 2006 and Chairman from December 2006 to November 2008. Stokes was" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "John Cook (Virginia politician) John Cook is the supervisor for the Braddock District of Fairfax County. He represents his district on the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. He is a partner in the Fairfax-based law firm of Cook Kitts & Francuzenko, PLLC. He attended Gettysburg College and received his Juris Doctorate from George Washington University. Cook is a former chair of the Employment Law Section of the Fairfax County Bar Association and a member of the New York State and the Virginia bar associations, the Virginia State Bar and the District of Columbia Bar. He is a mediator for the District of Columbia Superior Court and a conciliator for the Fairfax Circuit Court. In March 2009, Cook defeated Ilryong Moon in a special election to replace Braddock District Supervisor Sharon Bulova after she was elected to the position of Chairman of the Board of Supervisors in 2009. He is the first Republican to represent the district since Charles Majer, who served from 1968 to 1972. Cook was re-elected in 2011 and 2015, defeating Democrat Janet Oleszek in both elections. Supervisor Cook serves as Chairman of the Fairfax County Public Safety Committee and the Domestic Violence Prevention and Policy Coordinating Committee. He is a Founding Member of Fairfax County's Diversion First Initiative, which helps low-level offenders with mental illness by diverting them from jail and connecting them with services to treat them and prevent them from reoffending. Supervisor Cook is also the Chairman of the Welcoming Inclusion Network (WIN) Steering Committee. WIN is a collective of stakeholders \"committed to, advancing employment and day services for individuals with developmental disabilities.\" Other leadership roles Supervisor Cook serves include Commissioner for the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission (NVTC), Chairman of the NVTC Governance and Personnel Committee, and Treasurer of the Virginia Railway Express (VRE) Operations Board. As president of the Kings Park Civic Association (KPCA), Cook designed and implemented a Neighborhood Revitalization Program, which served as a pilot program for then-Supervisor Sharon Bulova's neighborhood revitalization initiative. Under his leadership, KPCA won the Best of Braddock \"Community Enhancement and Beautification\" award from the Braddock District Council in 2008. Cook also was named by Bulova as the 2008 \"Community Champion\" for the Braddock District, as recognized by Volunteer Fairfax. John Cook (Virginia politician) John Cook is the supervisor for the Braddock District of Fairfax County. He represents his district on the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. He" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Elizabeth Karlsen Elizabeth Karlsen (born 1960) is a British film producer. She co-founded Number 9 Films in 2002 with production partner and husband Stephen Woolley. Karlsen's producing credits include Terence Davies’ \"The Neon Bible\", starring Gena Rowlands and selected for Cannes competition; Mark Herman’s \"Little Voice\", nominated for six Golden Globe Awards, six BAFTA Awards and an Academy Award; the HBO single drama \"Mrs. Harris\", starring Annette Bening and Ben Kingsley, nominated for 12 Primetime Emmys, three Golden Globes, and a Producers Guild of America Award and for which Karlsen received the Women's Image Network Award; the BAFTA-nominated \"Great Expectations\", directed by Mike Newell, starring Ralph Fiennes and Helena Bonham Carter; \"Byzantium\", directed by Neil Jordan, starring Saoirse Ronan; and \"Made in Dagenham\", nominated for three BAFTAs. She also produced the international box office success \"Ladies in Lavender\", starring Maggie Smith and Judi Dench, and co-produced Neil Jordan’s \"The Crying Game\", nominated for six Academy Awards. Her latest films − \"Carol\", written by Phyllis Nagy, directed by Todd Haynes and starring Cate Blanchett and Rooney Mara, and \"Youth\", directed by Paolo Sorrentino, starring Michael Caine and Harvey Keitel − premiered in main competition at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. Projects in development include an original project from Caméra d'Or winner Anthony Chen and a co-production with Killer Films, written and directed by Wash West. Karlsen has served on the board of EM Media, the Edinburgh Festival and is currently Chair of Women in Film & Television (UK). Number 9 Films was co-founded by Elizabeth Karlsen and Stephen Woolley after a long collaboration at both Palace and Scala Productions. The company is one of the UK’s leading independent production companies forging relationships with a wide range of talent in the UK, across Europe and in the States. Films produced under the Number 9 Films banner include \"Made in Dagenham\", which was made into a West End musical in 2014, \"Byzantium\", Great Expectations, \"How To Lose Friends & Alienate People\", \"Sounds Like Teen Spirit\", \"Breakfast on Pluto\", \"Mrs. Harris\", \"Stoned\", and \"And When Did You Last See Your Father?\". Number 9 Films’ most recent productions are \"Carol\", written by Phyllis Nagy, directed by Todd Haynes starring Cate Blanchett and Rooney Mara. Paolo Sorrentino’s \"Youth\", starring Michael Caine, Harvey Keitel, and Jane Fonda, and \"Hyena\", which opened the Edinburgh International Film Festival. Current productions include \"On Chesil Beach\", screenplay by Ian McEwan and directed by Dominic Cooke, \"The Limehouse Golem\", written by Jane Goldman and directed by Juan Carlos Medina. and \"Their Finest\", written by Gaby Chiappe, directed by Lone Scherfig. Colette (2018 film) starring Keira Knightley and Dominic West was filmed in 2017 and set for release in late 2018. Director's name in brackets after film title. Elizabeth Karlsen Elizabeth Karlsen (born 1960) is a British film producer. She co-founded Number 9 Films in 2002 with production partner and husband Stephen Woolley. Karlsen's producing credits include Terence Davies’ \"The Neon Bible\", starring Gena Rowlands and selected for Cannes competition; Mark Herman’s \"Little" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "WVTC WVTC is the radio station of Vermont Technical College, operating on a 90.7 MHz FM carrier with an effective power of 300 watts. The station is located in Morey Hall on the Randolph Center campus. WVTC is operated and maintained by the students of VTC through the Radio Club, and is financially supported by VTC Student Council. WVTC began in 1963 as a small AM station on 640 kHz with a 2-watt transmitter in the Old Dorm building. It is unclear how the antenna system worked; there is speculation that it may have been a carrier current system. The 1965 VTC yearbook distinguished between the Radio Club and the Radio Station WVTC-AM 640. In 1966 a new dorm building, Morey Hall, was built on the Randolph Center campus, including provisions for a campus radio station, and the radio station moved into its new home at Morey Hall the following year. In 1968 the radio station received a license from the FCC to broadcast as WVTC-FM at 90.7 MHz and 10 watts. The station prospered during the 1970s, with the involvement of Howard Ginsberg, who later founded WXXX, a successful commercial Top 40 station in Burlington, Vermont. In the 1980s, the station was granted a 300-watt license. In the 1990s, WVTC migrated to CD technology. From April to November 1995 the station was off the air due to a failed EBS receiver and other potential violations. Many upgrades were performed the following year, including new studio and broadcasting equipment. The station experimented with station automation, using multi-CD changers, controlled via serial connection. A new transmitter was installed and the tower erected on December 26, 1996. The station began internet webcasting in February 1997, streaming both music and webcam images, the first on-line radio streaming station in Northern New England, sending a copy of on-air audio over MP3 format at 16kbit/s using custom software on a Pentium 60. MP3s were introduced as an on-air medium the same year. The first mp3 played on the station was \"Stupid Girl\" by Garbage. In 1998 the WebDJ automation system went live and SCA technology was explored, with data being sent about weather and news events. The same year WVTC broadcast 24/7 for the first time, and ranked in the broadcast ratings for Central Vermont. Technological innovations of 1998 included an upgrade to a 32kbit/s stream using a computer club purchased Linux server with two processors called \"Halftime\", as well as the creation of a remote control interface for the Winamp application. Station staff created an improved FM radio card driver to Linux and were added to the Linux Kernel. In March 2000, DJ \"Disco\" Vince Giffin set a world record for the longest time for a single DJ on the air, at 73 hours. In 2001 MP3 music replaced CDs as the station's primary audio storage format. In 2006 the station's survival was jeopardised by low membership, and went off the air due to transmitter problems during the summer, returning after repairs in the fall. The following Spring a small group of students banded together to prevent the school administration from shutting down WVTC. Some hardware and software upgrades were performed in the spring and a couple of regular shows were broadcast. In Fall 2007 the station was forced to shut down when their FCC license failed to be renewed by the college. Shortly afterwards, the college was approached by Vermont Public Radio with proposals to lease the station, which was not accepted. The station resumed transmission in Fall 2008, but went offline again before the end of the year after repeated power failures damaged their equipment. The equipment was eventually replaced, and transmission resumed in Fall 2009. In Spring 2011 the station filed a Consent Decree with the FCC, and returned to being a fully licensed station after a Final Consent Decree Inspection in Fall 2013. In Fall 2015 the internet stream was upgraded to 320kpbs. WVTC WVTC is the radio station of Vermont Technical College, operating on a 90.7 MHz FM carrier with an effective power of 300 watts. The station is located in Morey Hall on the Randolph Center campus. WVTC is operated and maintained by the students of VTC through" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Vijayanagara empire built an extensive water infrastructure, some examples of which–including the Manmatha tank near Virupaksha temple, which is dated to about the 9th century–predates the Vijayanagara. According to an inscription forund there, the Manmatha tank was upgraded and a Durga shrine added in 1199 CE. The inclusion of artwork at the tank, such as a warrior fighting a lion, is dated to the 13th century, when Hoysalas frequented Hampi. \n The hill has more than thirty small-to-moderate-sized temples, together with water cisterns, gateways and secular pavilions. They latest examples are dated to the early 14th century. Some of the structures are differently-sized prototypes of temples or mandapas, assembled from blocks of stones. Others are completed monuments of different designs, such as the Phamsana style. Two temple groups in this style look similar; each has a triple vimana consisting of square sanctums with each set connected to its own shared square mandapa. The towers (shikaras) on these are pyramidal granite structures consisting of eleven stacked, shrinking squares and a top in the Deccan-style square kalasha finial. Both sets are Shiva temples with triple linga; early sources misidentified these as Jain temples because of their simple exterior and interior walls. One of these groups has a historically important inscription that records that Kampila built the monument in the early 14th century. This inscription links Hampi with the Kampili kingdom and suggests an association of the Kampili history with that of Vijayanagara Empire that followed it. The style of temples on the Hemakuta hill suggest it may have been a study centre for experimenting with different types of Hindu temples. The styles present include those of the Chalukya period, the Rashtrakuta period and later periods. It may also have been the template for the original Virupaksha temple, which was later greatly expanded with gopuram, mandala and other additions. A similar monument dedicated to Narasimha, the man-lion avatar of Vishnu, is located east of Hampi; an inscription near it states that it was operating in 1379 CE. \n In the sacred centre near the southern banks of the Tungabhadra River and close to the Vitthala temple complex, are gateways and a monument now called the King's Balance. The latter is similar to those found at the entrances of South Indian Hindu temples for the tula-purush-dāna or thulabharam ceremonies in which a person gives a gift by weight equal to, or greater than, their body weight. \n The sanctum of the temple has a mukha-linga; a Shiva linga with a face embossed with brass. The Virupaksha temple also has smaller shrines for two aspects of Parvati-Pampa and Bhuvaneshwari to the north of the main sanctum. The compound has a northern gopura, smaller than the eastern gopura, that opens to the Manmatha tank and a pathway to the river with stone reliefs related to the Ramayana. To the west of this tank are shrines of Shaktism and Vaishnavism traditions, such as those for Durga and Vishnu respectively. Some of the shrines on this pilgrim's path were whitewashed in the 19th century under orders of the British India officer F.W. Robinson, who sought to restore the Virupaksha temple complex; whitewashing of this cluster of historic monuments has continued as a tradition. \n A cluster of Jain and Hindu temples are co-located about 150 meters (160 yd) east of the elephant stables. One north-facing temple is dedicated to Parshvanatha Tirthankara. It was built by King Devaraya II and dates to 1426 CE, per an inscription in the temple. In front of the temple are two ruined temples; one of Shiva and the other dedicated to Mahavira. Jain Tirthankaras are also included in reliefs inside Hindu temples. \n The Krishna temple, also called Balakrishna temple, on the other side of Hemakuta hill, is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of Virupaksha temple. It is dated to 1515 CE; this part of the Hampi complex is called Krishnapura in inscriptions. In front of the ruined temple is a long market street, also referred to locally as the bazaar. Between the colonnaded stone shop ruins is a broad road that allowed chariots to transport goods to and from the market, and hosted ceremonial functions and festive celebrations. To the north of this road and middle of the market is a large Pushkarani–a public utility-stepped water tank with an artistic pavilion in its centre. Next to the tank is a public hall (mandapa) for people to sit. \n The temple faces eastwards, aligning the sanctums of the Shiva and Pampa Devi temples to the sunrise; a large gopuram marks its entrance. The superstructure is a pyramidal tower with pilastered storeys on each of which is artwork including erotic sculptures. The gopuram leads into a rectangular court that ends in another, smaller gopuram dated to 1510 CE. To its south side is a 100-column hall with Hindu-related reliefs on all four sides of each pillar. Connected to this public hall is a community kitchen, a feature found in other major Hampi temples. A channel is cut into the rock to deliver water to the kitchen and the feeding hall. The courtyard after the small gopuram has dipa-stambha (lamp pillar) and Nandi. \n The Hampi site remained largely ignored until the mid-19th century, when Alexander Greenlaw visited and photographed the site in 1856. He created an archive of 60 calotype photographs of temples and royal structures that were standing in 1856. These photographs were held in a private collection in the United Kingdom and were not published until 1980. They are the most valuable source of the mid-19th-century state of Hampi monuments to scholars. \n Hampi ruins, 19th century | Krishna temple in 1868 | Rama temple in 1868 \n---|--- \nVitthala temple in 1880 | King's balance in 1858 \n The toponym Hampi–traditionally known as Pampa-kshetra, Kishkindha-kshetra or Bhaskara-kshetra–is derived from Pampa, another name of goddess Parvati in Hindu theology. According to mythology, the maiden Parvati resolves to marry the loner ascetic Shiva. Her parents learn of her desire and discourage her, but she pursues her desire. Shiva is lost in yogic meditation, oblivious to the world; Parvati appeals to the gods for help to awaken him and gain his attention. Indra sends the god Kama–the Hindu god of desire, erotic love, attraction and affection–to awake Shiva from meditation. Kama reaches Shiva and shoots an arrow of desire. Shiva opens his third eye in his forehead and burns Kama to ashes. Parvati does not lose her hope or her resolve to win over Shiva; she begins to live like him and engage in the same activities–asceticism, yogin and tapasya–awakening him and attracting his interest. Shiva meets Parvati in disguised form and tries to discourage her, telling her Shiva's weaknesses and personality problems. Parvati refuses to listen and insists in her resolve. Shiva finally accepts her and they get married. According to Sthala Purana, Parvati (Pampa) pursued her ascetic, yogini lifestyle on Hemakuta Hill, now a part of Hampi, to win and bring ascetic Shiva back into householder life. Shiva is also called Pampapati (lit. \"husband of Pampa\"). The river near the Hemkuta Hill came to be known as Pampa river. The Sanskrit word Pampa morphed into the Kannada word Hampa and the place Parvati pursued Shiva came to be known as Hampe or Hampi.", "The Vitthala temple has a Garuda shrine in the form of a stone chariot in the courtyard; it is an often-pictured symbol of Hampi. Above the chariot is a tower, which was removed during the late 19th-century restorations. In the front of the stone chariot is a large, square, open-pillared, axial sabha mandapa, or community hall. The mandapa has four sections, two of which are aligned with the temple sanctum. The mandapa has 56 carved stone beams of different diameters, shape, length and surface finish that produces musical sounds when struck; according to local traditional belief, this hall was used for public celebrations of music and dancing. \n Outside the temple compound, to its east-south-east, is a colonnaded market street almost one kilometre (0.62 mi) long; all of which is now in ruins. To the north is another market and a south-facing shrine with reliefs of Ramayana scenes, Mahabharata scenes and of Vaishnava saints. The north street ended in a temple honouring the Hindu philosopher Ramanuja. The region around the Vitthala temple was called Vitthalapura. It hosted a Vaishnava matha (monastery), designed as a pilgrimage centre centred around the Alvar tradition. It was also a centre for craft production according to inscriptions found. \n The Square Water Pavilion, also called the Queen's Bath, is in the south-east of the royal centre. It has a pavilion, a water basin and a method of moving fresh water to it and taking away wash water and overflows. The basin is enclosed within an ornate, pillared, vaulted bay. Nearby are ruins of the aqueduct. The modern name of this building, the Queen's bath, is probably a misnomer because this was a public bath for men and travellers. The building's interior arches show influence of the Indo-Islamic style, reflecting an era in which Hindu and Muslim arts influenced each other in India. \n The Zenana enclosure is close to the elephant stables; it was thus named in a Persian memoir whose 19th-century translation was an early introduction to Hampi ruins for many. The name \"Zenana\" is a misnomer, states George Michell, because it gives the impression that the women of Vijayanagar royalty lived here; its design and location makes that highly unlikely. The Zenana enclosure contains the Lotus Mahal, the latter being a two-storeyed pavilion in the royal centre. The Lotus Mahal combines a symmetrical, square, Hindu mandala design with lobed arches, vaults and domes of the Indo-Islamic style. Its basement and pyramidal towers are based on Hindu temple architecture. Like almost all of the structures in Hampi's royal centre, this monument has no inscriptions nor epigraphs mentioning it and therefore dating it and establishing its function with evidence has been difficult. The premises also houses a small structure called Queen's bath which has no significnce as the structure has almost disappeared leaving only a basement level. The Lotus Mahal and other structures in the Hampi urban core, however, were not built with Muslim patronage, unlike the tombs in the various Muslim quarters of the city. These buildings reflect the assimilative approach of the Vijayanagara Hindu rulers. Lotus Mahal looks like a syncretic, congested space and its purpose is unclear. Speculations include it being a council hall. \n In 1520, Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveller, visited Vijayanagara as a part of trade contingent from Portuguese Goa. He wrote his memoir as Chronica dos reis de Bisnaga, in which he stated Vijayanagara was \"as large as Rome, and very beautiful to the sight ... the best provided city in the world\". According to Paes, \"there are many groves within it, in the gardens of the houses, many conduits of water which flow into the midst of it, and in places there are lakes ...\". \n There is a Muslim monument in the south-east of the urban core on the road from Kamalapura to Anegondi, before Turuttu canal in the irrigated valley. This monument was first built in 1439 by Ahmad Khan, a Muslim officer in the army of Hindu king Devaraya II. The monuments include a mosque, an octagonal well and a tomb. The mosque lacks a dome and is a pillared pavilion, while the tomb has a dome and arches. Other Muslim monuments and a graveyard were added later near the Ahmad Khan's legacy. \n Most of the monuments are Hindu; the temples and the public infrastructure such as tanks and markets include reliefs and artwork depicting Hindu deities and themes from Hindu texts. There are also six Jain temples and monuments and a Muslim mosque and tomb. The architecture is built from the abundant local stone; the dominant style is Dravidian, with roots in the developments in Hindu arts and architecture in the second half of the 1st millennium in the Deccan region. It also included elements of the arts that developed during the Hoysala Empire rule in the south between the 11th and 14th century such as in the pillars of Ramachandra temple and ceilings of some of the Virupaksha temple complex. The architects also adopted an Indo-Islamic style in a few monuments, such as the Queen's bath and Elephant stables, which UNESCO says reflects a \"highly evolved multi-religious and multi-ethnic society\". \n The courtyard after the small gopuram leads to the main mandapa of the Shiva temple, which consists of the original square mandapa and a rectangular extension composed of two fused squares and sixteen piers built by Krishnadevaraya. The ceiling of the open hall above the mandapa is painted, showing the Shaivism legend relating to Shiva-Parvati marriage; another section shows the legend of Rama-Sita of the Vaishnavism tradition. A third section depicts the legend of the love god Kama shooting an arrow at Shiva to get him interested in Parvati; and the fourth section shows the Advaita Hindu scholar Vidyaranya being carried in a procession. According to George Michell and other scholars, the details and colour hues suggest all the ceiling paintings are from a 19th-century renovation, and the themes of the original paintings are unknown. The mandapa pillars have outsized yalis, mythical animal melding the features of a horse, lion and other animals with an armed warrior riding it–a characteristic Vijayanagara feature. \n South of the Krishna temple's exterior are two adjacent shrines, one containing the largest monolithic Shiva Linga and the other with the largest monolithic Yoga-Narasimha avatar of Vishnu in Hampi. The 3 metres (9.8 ft) Shiva Linga stands in water in a cubical chamber and has three eyes sketched on its top. South of this is the shrine for a 6.7 metres (22 ft)-high Narasimha–the man-lion avatar of Vishnu–seated in a yoga position. The Narasimha monolith originally had goddess Lakshmi with him, but it shows signs of extensive damage and a carbon-stained floor–evidence of attempts to burn the shrine down. The statue has been cleaned and parts of the shrine have been restored. \n The Hampi monuments include aqueducts to carry water to tanks and other parts of the city, as well as drains and channels to remove water overflow. For example, excavations in the 1980s near the Mahanavami platform in the urban core revealed a large, square-stepped tank that was fed by an aqueduct. The tanks were public utilities; some were perhaps used for royal ceremonies. \n The Hampi site includes a Muslim quarter with Islamic tombs, two mosques and a cemetery. These are neither in the sacred centre nor in the royal centre of the Hampi site. Some Muslim monuments are a part of the urban core while others are in the suburbs where most Vijayanagara residents lived. These are in the north-east valley of the urban core, where settlements of Hindus and Jains are also found. Much of this region is deeply silted and the soil conceals abandoned temples, roads, water tanks, gateways and residential quarters.", "The Hampi site includes a Muslim quarter with Islamic tombs, two mosques and a cemetery. These are neither in the sacred centre nor in the royal centre of the Hampi site. Some Muslim monuments are a part of the urban core while others are in the suburbs where most Vijayanagara residents lived. These are in the north-east valley of the urban core, where settlements of Hindus and Jains are also found. Much of this region is deeply silted and the soil conceals abandoned temples, roads, water tanks, gateways and residential quarters. \n The Hampi site has over 1,600 surviving ruins–mostly Hindu–spread over a wide area. Other significant monuments include a temple near the octagonal bath for Saraswati, a Hindu goddess of knowledge and music; a temple in the suburbs for Ananthasayana Vishnu; an Uddana Virbhadra temple for Shiva and Vishnu; a shrine for Kali, the fierce form of Durga unusually shown holding a ball of rice and a ladle; an underground temple in the royal centre; a Sugriva cave temple; the Matanga hill monuments; the Purandaradasa temple dedicated to the scholar musician famed for the Carnatic music tradition; the Chandrashekhara temple for Shiva near the Queen's bath monument; and the Malyavanta hill dedicated to Rama-Sita-Lakshmana and Shiva. The Malyavanta hill features several shrines including the Raghunatha temple and a row of Shiva lingas carved in stone. \n The Hampi site has been studied in three broad zones; the first has been named the \"sacred centre\" by scholars such as Burton Stein and othersl; the second is referred to as the \"urban core\" or the \"royal centre\"; and the third constitutes the rest of metropolitan Vijayanagara. The sacred centre, alongside the river, contains the oldest temples with a history of pilgrimage and monuments pre-dating the Vijayanagara empire. The urban core and royal centre have over sixty ruined temples beyond those in the sacred centre, but the temples in the urban core are all dated to the Vijayanagara empire. The urban core also includes public utility infrastructure such as roads, an aqueduct, water tanks, mandapa, gateways and markets, monasteries This distinction has been assisted by some seventy-seven stone inscriptions. \n Located in Karnataka near the modern-era city of Hosapete, Hampi's ruins are spread over 4,100 hectares (16 sq mi) and it has been described by UNESCO as an \"austere, grandiose site\" of more than 1,600 surviving remains of the last great Hindu kingdom in South India that includes \"forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas, memorial structures, water structures and others\". Hampi predates the Vijayanagara Empire; there is evidence of Ashokan epigraphy, and it is mentioned in the Ramayana and the Puranas of Hinduism as Pampaa Devi Tirtha Kshetra. Hampi continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, an active Adi Shankara-linked monastery and various monuments belonging to the old city. \n According to local tradition, the Virupaksha is the only temple that continued to be a gathering place of Hindus and frequented by pilgrims after the destruction of Hampi in 1565. The temple attracts large crowds; an annual fête with a chariot procession to mark the marriage of Virupaksha and Pampa is held in spring, as is the solemn festival of Maha Shivaratri. \n The Mahanavami platform, also called the \"Great Platform\", \"Audience Hall\", \"Dasara\" or \"Mahanavami Dibba\" monument, is within a 7.5-hectare (19-acre) enclosure at one of the highest points inside the royal centre (urban core). It has ceremonial structures. It is mentioned in the memoirs of foreigners who visited Vijayanagara, some calling it the \"House of Victory\". The largest monument in this complex has three ascending square stages leading to a large, square platform that likely had a wooden mandapa above it. This was burnt down during the destruction of Hampi. \n Several major temples in Hampi have an embedded kitchen and 100-or-more-pillared feeding halls. Hampi also had a dedicated public Bhojana shala (house of food) where numerous thali (dish) were carved in series in a rock on both sides of a water channel. One example is found near an octagonal fountain in the south of the royal centre; according to epigraphical sources, this Hampi bhojan shala was a utada kaluve or \"canal connected with eating\". \n Hampi is situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the eastern part of central Karnataka near the state border with Andhra Pradesh. It is 376 kilometres (234 mi) from Bangalore, 385 kilometres (239 mi) from Hyderabad and 266 kilometres (165 mi) from Belgaum. The closest railway station is in Hosapete (Hospet), 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) away. During the winter, overnight buses and trains connect Hampi with Goa, Secunderabad and Bangalore. It is 140 kilometres (87 mi) southeast of the Badami and Aihole archaeological sites. \n The Ganigitti Jain temple is near Bhima's gate in the south-east of the urban core section of Hampi. In front of it is a monolithic lamp pillar. The temple faced north; it is dated to 1385 CE, by commander-in-chief Irugappa, during the rule of Hindu king Harihara II, based on an inscription in the temple. It is dedicated to Tirthankara Kunthunatha and has plain walls, a pillared mandapa and a square sanctum from which the Jina's statue is missing. There are capitals on the pillars and the doorways have decoration. Over the sanctum is a Dravidian-style, narrowing square, pyramidal tower. Other monuments in the temple compound are in ruins. \n South of the platform is an acqueduct leading water to large, symmetrical, stepped tank made of granite that was excavated by archaeologists in the 1980s. The complex has another large water pool–possibly for water sports–a garden and various mandapa. there is a ruined temple-like monument near the step tank. \n The armies of the Delhi Sultanate, particularly those of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, invaded and pillaged South India. The Hoysala Empire and its capital Dvarasamudra in south Karnataka was plundered and destroyed in the early 14th century by the armies of Alauddin Khalji, and again in 1326 CE by the army of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. \n According to historical memoirs left by Portuguese and Persian traders to Hampi, the city was of metropolitan proportions; they called it \"one of the most beautiful cities\". While prosperous and in infrastructure, the Muslim-Hindu wars between Muslim Sultanates and Vijayanagara Empire continued. In 1565, at the Battle of Talikota, a coalition of Muslim sultanates entered into a war with the Vijayanagara Empire. They captured and beheaded the king, followed by a massive destruction of the infrastructure fabric of Hampi and the metropolitan Vijayanagara. The city was pillaged, looted and burnt for six months after the war, then abandoned as ruins, which are now called the Group of Monuments at Hampi. \n The Hemakuta hill also has monuments with two monolithic Ganesha; the Kadalekalu Ganesha and the Sasivekalu Ganesha. The Kadalekalu Ganesha, named after Ganesha's gram-shaped belly, is in the middle of Hampi's sacred centre on the east side of the hill near Matanga. A colonnaded, open mandapa leads to the sanctum, which houses a monolithic image of Ganesha more than 4.5 metres (15 ft) high, which was carved in-situ from extant rock. Ganesha's tusk and other parts have been damaged, but the left hand–which holds a rice cake treat with his trunk reaching out for it–has survived. \n Emperor Ashoka's Rock Edicts in Nittur and Udegolan–both in Bellary district 269-232 BCE–suggest this region was part of the Maurya Empire during the 3rd century BCE. A Brahmi inscription and a terracotta seal dating to about the 2nd century CE have been found during site excavations. The town is mentioned in Badami Chalukya's inscriptions as Pampapura; dating from between the 6th and 8th centuries.", "Emperor Ashoka's Rock Edicts in Nittur and Udegolan–both in Bellary district 269-232 BCE–suggest this region was part of the Maurya Empire during the 3rd century BCE. A Brahmi inscription and a terracotta seal dating to about the 2nd century CE have been found during site excavations. The town is mentioned in Badami Chalukya's inscriptions as Pampapura; dating from between the 6th and 8th centuries. \n By the 10th century, it had become a centre of religious and educational activities during the rule of the Hindu kings Kalyana Chalukyas, whose inscriptions state that the kings made land grants to the Virupaksha temple. Several inscriptions from the 11th to 13th centuries are about the Hampi site, with a mention of gifts to goddess Hampa-devi. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, Hindu kings of the Hoysala Empire of South India built temples to Durga, Hampadevi and Shiva, according to an inscription dated about 1,199 CE. Hampi became the second royal residence; one of the Hoysala kings was known as Hampeya-Odeya or \"lord of Hampi\". According to Burton Stein, the Hoysala-period inscriptions call Hampi by alternate names such as Virupakshapattana, Vijaya Virupakshapura in honour of the old Virupaksha (Shiva) temple there. \n The historian Will Durant, in his Our Oriental Heritage:The Story of Civilization recites the story of Vijayanagara and calls its conquest and destruction a discouraging tale. He writes, \"its evident moral is that civilization is a precarious thing, whose delicate complex of order and liberty, culture and peace\" may at any time be overthrown by war and ferocious violence. \n In the memoirs of Niccolò de' Conti, an Italian merchant and traveller who visited Hampi about 1420, the city had an estimated circumference of 60 miles (97 km) and it enclosed agriculture and settlements in its fortifications. In 1442, Abdul Razzaq, who visited from Persia, described it as a city with seven layers of forts, with outer layers for agriculture, crafts and residence, the inner third to seventh layers very crowded with shops and bazaars (markets). \n The temple gateway shows the Vijayanagara dynastic emblems; a boar from Varaha, a sword, the sun and the moon. The temple and the market street are ruined but their layout suggests it was a major market with streets provided for chariot traffic. \n The inner walls of the temple has friezes containing the most extensive narration of the Hindu epic Ramayana. The temple has an entrance mandapa and a yajna ceremony hall, whose ceiling is designed to ventilate fumes and smoke through the roof. Inside the main mandapa are four intricately carved pillars in the Hoysala style; these carving include depictions of Rama, Lakshmana and Sita of Vaishnavism, Durga as Mahishasuramardini of Shaktism and Shiva-Parvati of Shaivism. Images are missing from the square sanctum. The temple has a smaller shrine with friezes depicting the legends of Vishnu avatars. \n Cesare Federici, an Italian merchant and traveller, visited a few decades after the 1565 defeat and collapse of the Vijayanagara Empire. According to Sinopoli, Johansen and Morrison, Federici described it as a very different city. He wrote, \"the citie of Bezeneger (Hampi-Vijayanagara) is not altogether destroyed, yet the houses stand still, but emptie, and there is dwelling in them nothing, as is reported, but Tygres and other wild beasts\". \n The temple opens to the east; it has a gateway with reliefs of all ten avatars of Vishnu starting with Matsya at the bottom. Inside is the ruined temple for Krishna and small, ruined shrines for goddesses. The temple compound is layered into mandapas, including an outer and an inner enclosure. The compound has two gopuram entrances. Inside, a 25 (5x5)-bay open mandapa leads to a 9 (3x3)-bay enclosed mandapa. The original image of Balakrishna (baby Krishna) in its sanctum is now in a Chennai museum. A modern road passes in front of the eastern gopura, linking Kamalapuram to Hampi. The western gopuram has friezes of battle formation and soldiers. \n The Achyutaraya temple, also called the Tiruvengalanatha temple, is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of Virupaksha temple and a part of its sacred centre is close to the Tungabhadra River. It is referred to be in Achyutapura in inscriptions and is dated to 1534 CE. It is one of the four largest complexes in Hampi. The temple is unusual because it faced north. It is dedicated to Vishnu. In Vijayanagara times, the temple was traditionally approached from the river, first past a ceremonial tank then along the market street with a broad road. The temple had an outer gopuram leading into a courtyard with a 100-column hall and an inner gopuram leading to the Vishnu temple. On each side of each pillar in the 100-column hall are reliefs of avatars of Vishnu; other deities such as Shiva, Surya, Durga; scenes of daily life–rishi, amorous couples, jokers; people in yoga asanas; people in namaste poses; and Vijayanagara emblems. \n This ruined temple complex is well known for its thousands of carvings and inscriptions, its elaborate frescoes depicting Hindu theosophy and its sprawling courtyard laid with gardens. \n Hampi and its nearby region remained a contested and fought-over region claimed by the local chiefs, the Hyderabad Muslim nizams, the Maratha Hindu kings, and Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan of Mysore through the 18th century. In 1799, Tipu Sultan was defeated and killed when the British forces and Wadiyar dynasty aligned. The region then came under British influence. The ruins of Hampi were surveyed in 1800 by Scottish Colonel Colin Mackenzie, first Surveyor General of India. Mackenzie wrote that the Hampi site was abandoned and only wildlife live there. The 19th-century speculative articles by historians who followed Mackenzie blamed the 18th-century armies of Haidar Ali and the Marathas for the damage to the Hampi monuments. \n The Hemakuta hill lies between the Virupaksha temple complex to the north and the Krishna temple to the south. It is a collection of modestly sized monuments that are the best-preserved examples of pre-Vijayanagara and early-Vijayanagara temples and construction. The site has several important inscriptions, is easily accessible and provides views of the some parts of Hampi and the fertile, agricultural valley that separates the sacred centre from the urban core with its royal centre. \n The Hazara Rama temple, referred to as the Ramachandra temple in inscriptions, occupied the western part of the urban core in the royal centre section of Hampi. This temple was dedicated to Rama of the Ramayana fame, and an avatar of Vishnu. It was the ceremonial temple for the royal family. The temple is dated to the early 15th century and is attributed to Devaraya I. The temple's outer walls portray the Hindu Mahanavami (Dasara) and the spring Holi festival procession and celebrations in parallel bands of artwork. The lowest band shows marching elephants, above it are horses led by horsemen, then soldiers celebrated by the public, then dancers and musicians, with a top layer depicting a boisterous procession of the general public. The depiction mirrors the description of festivals and processions in surviving memoirs of Persians and Portuguese who visited the Vijayanagara capital. \n Archaeological excavations in 1990 revealed twenty-three wells and cisterns in the Hampi-Vijayanagara metropolis. Of these, thirteen were found outside the city walls in the suburbs, and ten inside. Of these were twelve at roadsides, eight near temples, ten in residential areas and two were used for irrigation within the urban core. More water structures were found in Daroji valley for agriculture. According to archaeologists Kathleen Morrison and Carla Sinopoli, the Hampi water infrastructure was for the use of travellers, rituals, domestic use and irrigation.", "Archaeological excavations in 1990 revealed twenty-three wells and cisterns in the Hampi-Vijayanagara metropolis. Of these, thirteen were found outside the city walls in the suburbs, and ten inside. Of these were twelve at roadsides, eight near temples, ten in residential areas and two were used for irrigation within the urban core. More water structures were found in Daroji valley for agriculture. According to archaeologists Kathleen Morrison and Carla Sinopoli, the Hampi water infrastructure was for the use of travellers, rituals, domestic use and irrigation. \n The mandapa links to an enclosed pradakshina patha for walking around the sanctum. Around this axial mandapa are (clockwise from east); the Garuda shrine, the Kalyana mandapa (wedding ceremonies), the 100-columned mandapa, the Amman shrine and the Utsav mandapa (festival hall). The walled enclosure covers aboput 1.3 hectares (3.2 acres) with colonnaded verandahs lining the compound walls. In the south-east corner is a kitchen with a roof window (clerestory). \n The site was an early medieval era pilgrimage place known as Pampakshetra. Its fame came from the Kishkindha chapters of the Hindu epic Ramayana, where Rama and Lakshmana meet Hanuman, Sugriva and the monkey army in their search for kidnapped Sita. The Hampi area has many close resemblances to the place described in the epic. The regional tradition believes that it is that place mentioned in the Ramayana, attracting pilgrims. \n The site is significant historically and archaeologically, for the Vijayanagara period and before. The Archaeological Survey of India continues to conduct excavations in the area. \n A translation of the memoirs of Abdul Razzaq, a Persian envoy in the court of Devaraya II (1424–1446), published in the early 1880s described some monuments of the abandoned site. This translation, for the first time, uses Arabic terms such as \"zenana\" to describe some of the Hampi monuments. Some of these terms became the names thereafter. Alexander Rea, an officer of the Archaeological Survey department of the Madras Presidency within British India, published his survey of the site in 1885. Robert Sewell published his scholarly treatise A Forgotten Empire in 1900, bringing Hampi to the widespread attention of scholars. The growing interest led Rea and his successor Longhurst to clear and repair the Hampi group of monuments. \n The Virupaksha temple is the oldest shrine, the principal destination for pilgrims and tourists, and remains an active Hindu worship site. Parts of the Shiva, Pampa and Durga temples existed in the 11th-century; it was extended during the Vijayanagara era. The temple is a collection of smaller temples, a regularly repainted, 50-metre (160 ft) high gopuram, a Hindu monastery dedicated to Vidyaranya of Advaita Vedanta tradition, a water tank (Manmatha), a community kitchen, other monuments and a 750 metres (2,460 ft)-long ruined stone market with a monolithic Nandi shrine on the east end. \n The Kodandarama temple complex lies near the Tungabhadra River, and is north of Achyutaraya temple. The temple overlooks Chakratirtha, where the Tungabhadra turns northwards towards the Himalayas. The river banks, considered holy, accommodate a Vijayanagara-era ghat and mandapa facilities for bathing. In front of the temple is a dipa stambha (lighting pillar) under a Pipal tree, and inside is a sanctum dedicated to Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Hanuman. Nearby, and continuing until Kotitirtha to its north, are a number of smaller shrines, dedicated to Vitthala, Anjaneya, Shiva linga and other deities. On the rock face are reliefs of Anantashayana Vishnu (reclining Vishnu creating the cosmic cycle, Ranganatha), friezes narrating the legends of Narasimha and Prahlada, and the twenty-four avatars of Vishnu according to the Puranic tradition of Vaishnavism. Near the river is a rock carved with Shaivism's 1,008 lingas. \n In the east of the royal centre lies the Gajashala, or elephant stables, which consist of eleven square chambers aligned north-south. The openings to the stables are arched; above ten chambers are alternating fluted and plain domes. In the middle of the stables are stairs to reach the roof. \n The Vijayanagara Empire built its capital around Hampi, calling it Vijayanagara. They expanded the infrastructure and temples. According to Nicholas Gier and other scholars, by 1500 CE Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest. Its wealth attracted 16th-century traders from across the Deccan area, Persia and the Portuguese colony of Goa. The Vijayanagara rulers fostered developments in intellectual pursuits and the arts, maintained a strong military and fought many wars with sultanates to its north and east. They invested in roads, waterworks, agriculture, religious buildings and public infrastructure. This included, states UNESCO, \"forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas (halls for people to sit), memorial structures, gateways, check posts, stables, water structures, and more\". The site was multi-religious and multi-ethnic; it included Hindu and Jain monuments next to each other. The buildings predominantly followed South Indian Hindu arts and architecture dating to the Aihole-Pattadakal styles, but the Hampi builders also used elements of Indo-Islamic architecture in the Lotus Mahal, the public bath and the elephant stables. \n Hampi is located in hilly terrain formed by granite boulders The Hampi monuments comprising the UNESCO world heritage site are a subset of the wider-spread Vijayanagara ruins. Almost all of the monuments were built between 1336 and 1570 CE during the Vijayanagara rule. The site has about 1,600 monuments and covers 41.5 square kilometres (16.0 sq mi). \n The Vijayanagara rulers built forts, fortified gateways and watchtowers after their dynasty was founded from the ruins of a war and for security from repeated raids and invasion. Hindu-style corbelled arches are the most common gateways and watchtowers in Hampi. One such gateway is located south-east of Ganagitti Jain temple; it incorporate a central barbican wall designed to entrap and confuse a stranger aiming for a surprise, while frequent visitors knew the three changes of direction before the gateway. These functional Hindu monuments are identifiable by a legendary Hindu character incorporated into them, such as of Bhima of the Mahabharata's Pandava fame. Another such gate is found on the north-east road to Talarighat Hindu monument and the Vitthala temple. \n The Vitthala temple and market complex is over 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north-east of the Virupaksha temple near the banks of the Tungabhadra River. It is the most artistically sophisticated Hindu temple in Hampi, and is part of the sacred centre of Vijayanagara. It is unclear when the temple complex was built, and who built it; most scholars date it to a period of construction in the early-to-mid-16th century. The inscriptions include male and female names, suggesting that the complex was built by multiple sponsors. The temple was dedicated to Vitthala, a form of Krishna also called Vithoba. The temple opens to the east, has a square plan and features an entrance gopuram with two side gopurams. The main temple stands in the middle of a paved courtyard and several subsidiary shrines, all aligned to the east. \n The Sasivekalu Ganesha, named after Ganesha's mustard seed-shaped belly, is near the Krishna temple south-west of the Kadalekalu Ganesha. It is a 2.4 metres (7.9 ft)-high monolith that was also carved in-situ from extant rock. The Sasivekalu Ganesha is carved with his mother Parvati, in whose lap he sits. She is only visible from the back of the statue. The monument is housed inside an open-pillared mandapa; the left hand and tusk have been damaged.", "The Sasivekalu Ganesha, named after Ganesha's mustard seed-shaped belly, is near the Krishna temple south-west of the Kadalekalu Ganesha. It is a 2.4 metres (7.9 ft)-high monolith that was also carved in-situ from extant rock. The Sasivekalu Ganesha is carved with his mother Parvati, in whose lap he sits. She is only visible from the back of the statue. The monument is housed inside an open-pillared mandapa; the left hand and tusk have been damaged. \n The Pattabhirama temple complex is in the southern suburban centre outside the sacred centre and the urban core, about 500 metres (550 yd) from the ASI Hampi museum. It was at the nucleus of economic and cultural activity of this suburb, now located north-east of Kamalapura. The complex, also known as Varadevi Ammana Pattana, was likely built in the early 16th century and dedicated to Rama (Vishnu avatar). The complex has a main temple, a colonnaded courtyard inside an enclosure and a 64 (8x8 square)-pillared and roofed mandapa in front of the sanctum. The complex and the sanctum face east; the normal entrance was through the eastern gopura. The ruins suggest the gopuram had six tiers. The Pattabhirama temple included a 100-pillared hall–likely a feeding hall–attached to the southern wall of the enclosed compound. The pillars have reliefs depicting Hindu themes which include gods, goddesses, a scene from a Hindu text, yoga and namaste. \n The two lower levels of the platform is made of granite. It has reliefs–possibly a catalogue of 14th-century royal activities–and lines of marching animals including elephants, horses and camels. Reliefs on the south side show musicians and dancers, including female stick-dancers. The third level reliefs show a battle procession, couples and scenes of common citizens celebrating Holi (Vasantotsava) by throwing water at each other. Near the great platform is an audience hall, which also probably had a wooden pavilion, evidenced by 100 stone stubs; this too was burnt down. \n The Kampili kingdom in north-central Karnataka followed the collapse of Hoysala Empire. It was a short-lived Hindu kingdom with its capital about 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Hampi. The Kampili kingdom ended after an invasion by the Muslim armies of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. The Hindu women of Kampili committed jauhar (ritual mass suicide) when the Kampili soldiers faced defeat by Tughlaq's army. In 1336 CE, the Vijayanagara Empire arose from the ruins of the Kampili kingdom. It grew into one of the famed Hindu empires of South India that ruled for over 200 years. \n Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India. It became the centre of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th century. Chronicles left by Persian and European travellers, particularly the Portuguese, state Hampi was a prosperous, wealthy and grand city near the Tungabhadra River, with numerous temples, farms and trading markets. By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal. The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of Muslim sultanates; its capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by sultanate armies in 1565, after which Hampi remained in ruins. \n Reliefs of Jain temples at Hampi includes Hemkut Jain temples, Ratnantraykut, Parsvanath Charan and Ganagitti Jain temples. Most of the idols are now missing from these temples, which were built in the 14th century. \n Group of Monuments at Hampi UNESCO World Heritage site \n--- \nLocation | Ballari district, Karnataka, India \nIncludes | Virupaksha Temple \nCriteria | Cultural:i, iii, iv \nReference | 241 \nInscription | 1986 (10th Session) \nEndangered | 1999–2006 \nArea | 4,187.24 ha \nBuffer zone | 19,453.62 ha \nWebsite | Archaeological Survey of India-Hampi \n| 15 ° 20 ′ 04\" N 76 ° 27 ′ 44\" E / 15.33444 ° N 76.46222 ° E /15.33444; 76.46222 \nLocation of Hampi Hampi (Karnataka) Show map of India Show map of Karnataka Show all" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Subtv (UK) Subtv is a linear interactive television channel available to watch online, on mobile devices, as well as on plasma screens in students' unions and universities within the United Kingdom. Subtv owns its own cable network where it broadcasts to 80+ British universities on plasma screens. As well as broadcasting standardised programming consisting solely of music videos, music programming and advertising, the channel also airs a mix of student-made content, messages and announcements specific to the unions, and interactive content. The Subtv channel began broadcasting in 2003 within student union venues up and down the country via its own cable television network. Subtv has a cable television network of 700 42' plasma screens that reach over 1.76million 18-24yr olds, at 80+ Universities within the UK. On 12 May 2014 Subtv launched its new on-line stream of its current Music Television Channel. The channel itself is a copy of the feed that is broadcast within the University network, with the exception that it ignores any music videos that do not comply with OFCOM regulations. Since the launch Subtv have continued to grow and now offer cross-platform advertising and promotional campaigns that integrate the traditional broadcast methods via the Subtv screens with a dedicated on the ground production team, specific bluetooth distribution linked to the screens, event management and online activity. \"\"Subtv\"\" is currently planning the future expansion of its channels and programming. Anyone is free to watch the Subtv Channel at http://www.sub.tv/live Subtv launched a range of music programmes on 19 September 2011, signalling a move away from the standard \"jukebox\" mix of music that had been the channels stable diet for the previous 3 years. A website was launched at http://www.subtv.co.uk for its online presence for the Channel. \"Current\" \"Seasonal\" \"In Production\" \"On Hiatus\" Current Ivan Berry (2013 - ) Sarah Lamptey (2014 - ) Tom McKeown (2012 - ) Goubran Bahou (2012 - ) Julia Lewis (2015- ) Carelle Mowatt (2014- ) Former Emily Benammar (2012) Content is stored locally on a network of servers installed at each installation. a Touch Screen accessible at each location allows for interaction with the application. Features include creating playlists of content from the catalogue, digital signage mode, DJ visuals and Sports Mode. Sports mode allow for the system to broadcast traditional TV via a TV tuner card. A distinct feature of the system is the two channel format, where 1 channel is used to display entertainment content and the other channel displays digital signage. Stakeholders in Subtv's estate are encouraged to upload content to the screens installed in their environment, via a small website dedicated to content upload. In 2010 Subtv launched 'TouchScreen' an iPhone application, allowing consumers to select tracks and make dedications from their iPhone. The Subtv music app allows students to select their favourite music videos, and get them up on the screen. The app also provides an extensive catalogue of music videos that can be added to the Subtv playlist in students' union bars across the UK. Subtv (UK) Subtv is a linear interactive television channel available to watch online, on mobile devices, as well as on plasma screens in students' unions and universities within the United Kingdom. Subtv owns its own cable network where it broadcasts to 80+ British universities on plasma screens. As well as broadcasting standardised programming consisting solely of music videos, music programming and advertising, the channel also airs a mix of student-made content, messages and announcements specific to the unions, and interactive content. The Subtv channel began broadcasting in 2003 within student union venues up and down the country via its own" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Night Paddy Murphy Died \"The Night Paddy Murphy Died\" is a popular Newfoundland folk song regarding the death of a man and the antics of his friends as they engage in a traditional Irish wake. It is often attributed to Johnny Burke (1851–1930), a popular St. John's balladeer, however, there is no record of Johnny Burke having written this song. The song has been recorded by numerous artists, including Ryan's Fancy on their 1973 album \"Newfoundland Drinking Songs\", The Irish Brigade on their 1991 album \"Are You Ready For This?\", Darby O'Gill on their 2002 album \"Waitin' for a Ride\", Drunk & Disorderly on their album \"Home By Way of the Gutter\", Great Big Sea on their 1997 and 2000 albums \"Play\" and \"Road Rage\", Fiddler's Green on their 2007 album \"Drive Me Mad!\", by the Washington Square Harp and Shamrock Orchestra on their 2011 album \"Since Maggie Dooley Learned the Hooley Hooley\" and by \"Paddy Murphy (Austria)\" on the 2012 Album \"Dog's Dinner\". The Great Big Sea version of the song is sung by Russell Crowe in the 2009 movie \"State of Play\". The song was also covered by The Mudmen on their 2012 album \"Donegal Danny\". The" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Karen L. Thorson Karen L. Thorson is an American television producer. Thorson was married to fellow producer Robert F. Colesberry until his death in 2004. She worked on all five seasons of \"The Wire\". Before joining the crew of \"The Wire\" she worked as an associate producer and post-production manager in the film industry. Thorson joined the production team as a co-producer in 2001 while they prepared the show's pilot episode. She retained her role for the show's second season. For the third, fourth, and fifth season she was credited as producer. Following the conclusion of \"The Wire\" she became a co-producer for \"The Unusuals\". Karen L. Thorson Karen L. Thorson is an American television producer. Thorson was married to fellow producer Robert F. Colesberry until his death in 2004. She worked on all five seasons of \"The Wire\". Before joining the crew of \"The Wire\" she worked as an associate producer and post-production manager in the film industry. Thorson joined the production team as a co-producer in 2001 while they prepared the show's pilot episode. She retained her role for the show's second season. For the third, fourth, and fifth season she was credited as producer. Following the conclusion" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Nampula Nampula is the capital city of Nampula Province in northeastern Mozambique. Also known as \"The Capital of the North\", Nampula is the centre of business in northern Mozambique. It has a few western-style hotels, restaurants and shopping centres. It also has a small international airport connecting to Nairobi in Kenya and Johannesburg in South Africa, and is a transport hub for local transport in northern Mozambique. With a population of 743,125 (2017 census), it is the third largest city in Mozambique after Maputo and Matola. Nampula is also home to the Mozambique National Ethnographic Museum, several markets, cathedrals, mosques, universities and schools: both government and private. The city is also fairly diverse, with the native eMakhuwa population being the largest group but with a visible Indian, European, Chinese, and Lebanese population. The name \"Nampula\" is said to be derived to the eMakhuwa word \"Whampula\", which according to legend refers to a tribal leader of the area in the past. Nampula is divided into seven administrative zones, which are also subdivided into localities, as follows: Ever since the establishment of the city, Nampula has had numerous mayors: Nampula's dominant religions are Christianity and Islam. A small community of Hindus are also present in the city. Its Cathedral of Our Lady of Fatima is the archiepisciopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nampula. Abel Xavier, a Portuguese football player, and Carlos Queiroz, a Portuguese football manager formerly in charge of Real Madrid, were also from Nampula, at that time a city of the Portuguese Overseas Province of Mozambique. The city is home to the Faculty of Health Science, Universidade Lurio. In 2009 a course in optometry was launched, the first of its kind in Mozambique. The course is supported through the Mozambique Eyecare Project. The other partners include the Dublin Institute of Technology, University of Ulster and Brien Holden Vision Institute. There is a Portuguese international school, Escola Lusófona de Nampula, as well as four international English-medium schools, with the most notable being Stella Maris International School. The city of Nampula lies in the centre of the province of Nampula and is surrounded by plains and rocky outcrops. The city lies amongst rolling hills and mountains, typical of the interior of northern Mozambique. Nampula Nampula is the capital city of Nampula Province in northeastern Mozambique. Also known as \"The Capital of the North\", Nampula is the centre of business in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Craig Monroe Craig Keystone Monroe (born February 27, 1977) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He played for the Texas Rangers, Detroit Tigers, Chicago Cubs, Minnesota Twins and Pittsburgh Pirates and is currently a studio analyst for Detroit Tigers TV broadcasts on Fox Sports Detroit. On July 29, 2001, at Arlington, Texas, Monroe hit a home run in his first major league game for the Texas Rangers, contributing to a 2-0 victory over the visiting Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Monroe then joined the Detroit Tigers organization on February 1, 2002, when he was selected off waivers from the Rangers. Playing his first full season in 2003, Monroe hit 23 home runs. On July 19, 2006, Monroe hit a grand slam home run off Javier Vázquez of the Chicago White Sox which was decisive in the Tigers 5–2 win. At the time, the teams were locked in a struggle for the American League Central division lead. Monroe called it \"by far the biggest one I've ever hit.\" Monroe led Detroit with 28 home runs that season, as the Tigers turned around more than a decade of losing with 95 wins, and he was second on the team with 92 RBIs. He also hit six home runs in the 2006 postseason, which culminated in a World Series appearance. On August 17, 2007, the Tigers designated Monroe for assignment. On August 23, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs for a player to be named later. Monroe played with the Cubs for the remainder of the 2007 season. The Tigers received Clay Rapada to complete the trade. On November 13, Monroe was traded to the Minnesota Twins for a player to be named later. On August 1, 2008, Monroe was designated for assignment by the Twins and released on August 8. Monroe signed a minor league deal with the Pittsburgh Pirates on January 13, 2009. Monroe was added to the Major League roster at the end of spring training. Monroe was designated for assignment on June 20 to make room on the roster for Steve Pearce. Monroe was released on July 1, after which he retired as an active player. Monroe became a studio analyst for the Detroit Tigers on Fox Sports Detroit in 2012 and also serves as an occasional color analyst on game broadcasts. Monroe's mother's name is Marilyn Monroe, the same as that of the late actress. She was on hand to watch her son hit a go-ahead home run against the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium on August 30, 2006. After the game, he told the media, \"Marilyn Monroe is here in New York, and I'm thrilled.\" Monroe and his wife, Kasey, have three children. Craig Monroe Craig Keystone Monroe (born February 27, 1977) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He played for the Texas Rangers, Detroit Tigers, Chicago Cubs, Minnesota Twins and Pittsburgh Pirates and is currently a studio analyst for Detroit Tigers TV broadcasts on Fox Sports Detroit. On July 29, 2001," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Barsudhal Barsudhal is a village in Dhar Kalan in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located from sub district headquarter, from Pathankot, from district headquarter and from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village. , The village has a total number of 167 houses and the population of 780 of which 337 are males and 403 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of the village is 79.89%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 84 which is 10.77% of total population of the village, and child sex ratio is approximately 1000, higher than the state average of 846. Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 16.28% of total population in the village. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far. As per census 2011, 253 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of the village which includes 198 males and 55 females. According to census survey report 2011, 65.61% workers describe their work as main work and 34.39% workers are involved in marginal activity providing the livelihood for less than 6 months. The nearest train station is located away in Dalhousie road and Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is away from the village. Barsudhal Barsudhal is a village in Dhar Kalan in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located from sub district headquarter, from Pathankot, from district headquarter and from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village. , The village has a total number of 167 houses and the population of 780 of which 337 are males and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Phillip DeFreitas Phillip Anthony Jason \"Daffy\" DeFreitas (born 18 February 1966) is a former English cricketer. He played county cricket for Leicestershire, Lancashire and Derbyshire, as well as appearing in 44 Test matches and 103 ODIs. Cricket writer Colin Bateman noted that \"DeFreitas was an explosive hitter when the mood took him, an aggressive pace bowler, inclined to pitch everything short and a spectacular fielder\". DeFreitas has the distinction of being the only player in the history of the County Championship to take a five-wicket haul against each of the 18 first-class counties. DeFreitas went to Willesden High School, in London, where he played football and cricket. He had trials at Luton Town F.C., but although offered an apprenticeship, wanted to play cricket. DeFreitas made his first-class debut for Leicestershire in 1985 against Oxford University and recorded the startling bowling analysis of 3.4–2–3–3 as the students collapsed to a humiliating 24 all out. The following year he had a wonderful season, taking what was to remain a career high of 94 wickets and scoring his maiden century (at number 9) against Kent, and he was selected for the successful Ashes tour in 1986/87. In the course of his 21 seasons in first-class cricket, DeFreitas had a somewhat nomadic county career, playing for Leicestershire from his debut in 1985 until 1988, then Lancashire from 1989 to 1993, and Derbyshire from 1994 to 1999. In 2000, he returned to Leicestershire, averaging over 45 with the bat that season, and captained the side in 2003 and part of 2004. He also played for the South African side, Boland, in 1993/94 and 1994/95. DeFreitas announced in April 2005 that he would retire from cricket at the end of that season. This meant that had England not beaten the Australians that summer, there would be no remaining Englishmen in first-class cricket who had played in a victorious Ashes side, but this did not happen. On hearing the news, Mike Gatting, who had captained that 1986/87 team, told the BBC: \"He's one of those guys you want in the game. It's sad he's going to retire but he's been good for the game.\" DeFreitas has the honour of being the 100th player in test cricket to take 100 wickets. He remained part of England's plans until the advent of Dominic Cork in the mid-1990s, but was generally much less successful abroad than at home. His two best Test series were in 1991 against West Indies and, in 1994, against New Zealand, when he took 22 and 21 wickets respectively. His top Test score of 88, during which he hammered Craig McDermott for 42 runs off three overs with the new ball, helped England to a win against Australia in Adelaide, and earned him the Man of the Match award. DeFreitas was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1992. Defreitas also played the 1987 World Cup, but he, on the other hand, during the match against West Indies played in Pakistan as part of the 1987 World Cup, had to stop in the middle of his run-up in order to vomit. He had not been feeling well and the searing heat had made the affliction worse. Anxious not to lose his place, he had not mentioned his illness to the captain, preferring to try and see the day through instead. He managed this, without compromising his teammates. Most would probably agree that DeFreitas never quite reached the heights his early promise suggested he would attain. In one-day internationals, DeFreitas seldom let England down – but bowled more economically than penetratively until his second Australian tour. In the World Series Cup that season, DeFreitas was often punished by the powerful Australian top order particularly Dean Jones. He performed creditably despite a persistent groin strain in the World Cup of 1992 but form was beginning to desert him by this stage. He was notoriously thrashed all over the ground by Sanath Jayasuriya in the 1996 World Cup quarter final – by no means alone – in a game where England were thrashed and ended up making their tournament exit. As well as making irregular television appearances, DeFreitas became a cricket master at Oakham School in January 2009, under the school's director of cricket, Frank Hayes. he taught at Magdalen College School, Oxford. His autobiography, \"Daffy: My Life in Cricket\", was published on 16 June. Phillip DeFreitas Phillip Anthony Jason \"Daffy\" DeFreitas (born 18 February 1966) is a former English cricketer. He played county cricket for Leicestershire, Lancashire and Derbyshire, as well as appearing in 44 Test matches and 103 ODIs. Cricket writer Colin Bateman noted that \"DeFreitas was an explosive hitter when the mood took him, an aggressive pace bowler, inclined to pitch everything short and a spectacular fielder\". DeFreitas has the distinction of being the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "JNR Class C57 The is a type of 4-6-2 steam locomotive built in Japan from 1937 to 1947. A total of 201 Class C57 locomotives were built. Another 14 Class C57 locomotives were built for export to Taiwan in 1942 and 1953. The class was withdrawn from regular passenger workings in December 1975. , 32 Class C57 locomotives have been preserved in Japan, of which two, C57 1 and C57 180, are preserved in working order. In Taiwan, locomotive number CT273 is preserved in working order. As of 2014, C57 1 was operated by JR West and based at Shimonoseki Depot. As of 2018, it makes regular runs on the Yamaguchi line between Shin-Yamaguchi and Tsuwano The service was suspended following the July 2018 heavy rains, with C57 1 making guest appearance as the leisure train locomotive at the Kyoto Railway Museum during the forced break. The service is set to resume at the end of September 2018. C57 180 was restored to working order by JR East, and hauls special event trains on JR East lines mainly between , , and . CT273 was imported to Taiwan in 1943 as C57 3, and renumbered CT273. It was withdrawn in 1983, and restored by the Taiwan Railway Administration in June 2014 in Hualien. JNR Class C57 The is a type of 4-6-2 steam locomotive built in Japan from 1937 to 1947. A total of 201 Class C57 locomotives were built. Another 14 Class C57 locomotives were built for export to Taiwan in 1942 and 1953. The class was withdrawn from regular passenger workings in December 1975. , 32 Class C57 locomotives have been preserved in Japan, of which two, C57 1 and C57 180, are preserved in working order. In Taiwan, locomotive number CT273 is preserved in working order. As" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Wilderness (band) Wilderness is a Baltimore-based indie rock band currently signed to Jagjaguwar. Led by the theatrical, chant-like vocal style and lyrical presence of James Johnson, they are known to create a complex brand of post-punk that heavily recalls mantra-punk pioneers Lungfish and more closely Public Image Limited. Their debut full-length was recorded, mixed and mastered in May and June 2004, by Chad Clark and T.J. Lipple at Silver Sonya in Arlington, Virginia. It was released in July 2005 and has been widely celebrated in indie music circles. The band performed at North East Sticks Together in September of that year. On April 11, 2006, the band released their second full-length, \"Vessel States\", which received mixed critiques in comparison to their debut. On November 4, 2008, the band released their third full-length album, \"(k)no(w)here\". Wilderness (band) Wilderness is a Baltimore-based indie rock band currently signed to Jagjaguwar. Led by the theatrical, chant-like vocal style and lyrical presence of James Johnson, they are known to create a complex brand of post-punk that heavily recalls mantra-punk pioneers Lungfish and more closely Public Image Limited. Their debut full-length was recorded, mixed and mastered in May and June 2004, by Chad Clark and T.J." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Bob Meyer Robert Bernard Meyer (born August 4, 1939, in Toledo, Ohio) is an American former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. He was signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1960. Meyer pitched for the Yankees (1964), Los Angeles Angels (1964), Kansas City Athletics (1964), Seattle Pilots (1969), and Milwaukee Brewers (1970). His first major league strikeout victim was future Hall of Famer Carl Yastrzemski. During a 3-year baseball career, Meyer compiled 2 wins, 92 strikeouts, and a 4.38 earned run average. On September 12, 1964, while starting for the Athletics on the road at Memorial Stadium, he and Baltimore Orioles left-hander Frank Bertaina each pitched a complete game one-hitter, but the A's lost 1-0 as Jackie Brandt hit a sacrifice fly in the bottom of the 8th to score pinch-runner Bob Saverine from third. Other career highlights include a six scoreless inning win against the Kansas City Athletics on June 26, 1964, a six-hit, complete game win (6-1) against the Baltimore Orioles on September 7, 1964, and pitching the first nine innings and giving up one unearned run in a 13-inning victory over the New York Yankees on September 1, 1969. , or Baseball Library, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League) Bob Meyer Robert Bernard Meyer (born August 4, 1939, in Toledo, Ohio) is an American former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. He was signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1960. Meyer pitched for the Yankees (1964), Los Angeles Angels (1964), Kansas City Athletics (1964), Seattle Pilots (1969), and Milwaukee Brewers (1970). His first major league strikeout victim was future Hall of Famer Carl Yastrzemski. During a 3-year baseball career, Meyer compiled 2 wins, 92 strikeouts, and a 4.38 earned run average. On September 12, 1964," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Conclusive presumption A conclusive presumption (in Latin, \"praesumptio iuris et de iure\"), also known as an irrebuttable presumption, is a type of presumption used in several legal systems. In English law, a conclusive presumption is a presumption of law that cannot be rebutted by evidence and must be taken to be the case whatever the evidence to the contrary. For example, a child below the age of criminal responsibility cannot be held legally responsible for his or her actions, and so cannot be convicted of committing a criminal offence. The age has continually been under debate with adjustments being made in line with rulings, the results of psychological research and to some extent public pressure. The age was seven at common law, and raised by the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 to eight (section 50) and by the Children and Young Persons Act 1963 to ten, at which it remains. In Australian law, it is a conclusive presumption that no child under the age of 10 can be held responsible for criminal action. This presumption exists to protect children by acknowledging that they do not have sufficient development to understand the gravity and consequences of committing a criminal act. Conclusive presumption A conclusive presumption (in Latin, \"praesumptio iuris et de iure\"), also known as an irrebuttable presumption, is a type of presumption used in several legal systems. In English law, a conclusive presumption is a presumption of law that cannot be rebutted by evidence and must be taken to be the case whatever the evidence to the contrary. For example, a child below the age of criminal responsibility cannot be held legally responsible for his or her actions, and so cannot be convicted of committing a criminal offence. The age has continually been under debate with adjustments being made" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Sixwire Sixwire is an American country music group from Nashville, Tennessee. The group consists of Andy Childs [lead vocals, guitar]], Steve Hornbeak (Keyboards, vocals), John Howard (bass guitar), Steve Mandile (guitar, vocals), and Chuck Tilley (drums, percussion). The band's name references the six strings on a guitar. Sixwire recorded one album for Warner Bros. Records in 2002, and charted two singles on the \"Billboard\" country charts, including the No. 30 \"Look at Me Now\". Five years later, they placed second on the talent show \"The Next Great American Band\", and served as the house band on \"Can You Duet\", another talent show. Before the band's formation, Andy Childs recorded for RCA Nashville from 1993 to 1994, releasing a self-titled debut album and charting three singles on the country charts. In addition, Steve Mandile co-wrote singles for Phil Vassar, Tim McGraw, and Shane McAnally, and previously played lead guitar in Pam Tillis' road band, the Mystic Biscuits. Drummer Chuck Tilley has a jazz background. He graduated from the University of Alabama with a degree in percussion, where he studied with noted jazz educators Steve Sample, Sr and Ray Reach. Following graduation, he worked in Birmingham, Alabama as a member of a jazz group led by Count Basie bassist Cleveland Eaton. Later, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he worked with Lee Greenwood and Dolly Parton. Childs had initially declined to join the band, but later reconsidered after Brett James had also declined. Formed in 2000, the band was signed to Warner Bros. Records in 2002. Its debut single, \"Look at Me Now\", peaked at number 30 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was included on Sixwire's self-titled debut album, which peaked at 38 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart in 2002. The album's only other single, \"Way Too Deep\", peaked at number 55. Also in 2002, Sixwire appeared on the track \"It Goes Like This\" from then-labelmate John Michael Montgomery's \"Pictures\". Mandile co-produced \"Nashville Star\" 2005 winner Erika Jo's self-titled debut album, on which Tilley also performed as a percussionist. A sixth member, keyboardist Steve Hornbeak, also joined the band's lineup. In 2007, Sixwire auditioned for the Fox Networks reality show \"The Next Great American Band\" and finished runner-up. One year later, Sixwire served as the house band on CMT's talent show \"Can You Duet\". Sixwire Sixwire is an American country music" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Vered Buskila Vered \"Vardush\" Buskila (born May 23, 1983) is an Israeli Olympic sailor, and competes in the 470 Class double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centerboard, Bermuda rig, and center sheeting. She won a world championship in the women's 420 at the age of 15, and a bronze medal in the world championships in the 470 six years later. Buskila is Jewish, and was born in Bat Yam, Israel. She studied law and political science at the Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, in Israel. She learned to sail with Hapoel Bay Yam and with the Maccabi Zevelun Club in Bat Yam. She sails now for Hapoel Tel Aviv. In 1998, at the age of 15, she partnered with Limor Kliger, 16, and won the women's world 420 yachting championship in the Gulf of Corinth in Greece. They defeated 47 other teams, from 16 countries. In 2000, she partnered with Nike Kornecki, and in 2001 they won a bronze medal at the European Championships in Ireland. In 2004, they won bronze medals in both the European Championship in Germany and the 470 World Championship in Zadar, Croatia. Buskila competed on behalf of Israel at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, in the Women's 470 Class Two-Person Dinghy with Kornecki, and came in 18th. They won a silver medal in the 2005 European Championship. She competed on behalf of Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, in the Women's 470 Class Two-Person Dinghy with Kornecki, and came in fourth. Buskila returned to sailing with a new partner, Gil Cohen, in 2010. On December 24, 2012, Vered Buskila announced her retirement, telling the First Channel TV News: \"It would be very painful for me to see the opening ceremony of the next Olympic Games, in which I will not be taking part - but one must know when to stop\". She disclosed that, having studied Law concurrently with her sailing activity, she intends to have a new career as a lawyer. Vered Buskila Vered \"Vardush\" Buskila (born May 23, 1983) is an Israeli Olympic sailor, and competes in the 470 Class double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centerboard, Bermuda rig, and center sheeting. She won a world championship in the women's 420 at the age of 15, and a bronze medal in the world championships in the 470 six years later. Buskila is Jewish, and was born in Bat Yam, Israel." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "New Brunswick Route 515 Route 515 is a long east-west secondary highway in the south east portion of New Brunswick, Canada. The route's eastern terminus is at Route 475 and Route 134 in the town of Bouctouche. The road runs parallel to the north bank of the Bouctouche River. Route 515 briefly merges with Route 134, which is known as \"Irving Blvd\", as it travels southwest across Route 11 to the Bouctouche neighbourhood of Boisjoli. The road crosses a small branch of the Bouctouche River and continues to the community of Maria-de-Kent. It then crosses another small branch and continues on to the community of Sainte-Marie-de-Kent, where it intersects with the northern terminus of Route 115 and Route 525. Continuing, the road meets up with the southern terminus of Route 495 before turning west and continuing to the community of Saint-Cyrille. The road continues to the community of McLean Settlement, where it briefly merges with Route 490. Route 515 continues west to Saint-Paul before ending at Route 126 in Hebert. New Brunswick Route 515 Route 515 is a long east-west secondary highway in the south east portion of New Brunswick, Canada. The route's eastern terminus is at Route 475 and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Highgate Harriers Highgate Harriers are a UK Athletics club based in North London. Their home track is Parliament Hill, London Athletics track. They compete in the Southern Athletics League Division 3 North and the Metropolitan Cross Country League. Since 2013, Highgate Harriers have hosted a track competition for solely 10,000 metre races. The event is usually held mid-late May/early June and from 2014 the English Championships for 10,000 metres were incorporated in the event. From 2016 the UK Championships were also held as part of the competition. Highgate Harriers was founded in 1879. Senior Men: Senior Women: The men compete in a vest with hooped black and white horizontal stripes, with the word Highgate on the chest. Women wear a vest with a black upper half and a white lower half, also with the word Highgate, in white lettering on the upper half. Highgate Harriers Highgate Harriers are a UK Athletics club based in North London. Their home track is Parliament Hill, London Athletics track. They compete in the Southern Athletics League Division 3 North and the Metropolitan Cross Country League. Since 2013, Highgate Harriers have hosted a track competition for solely 10,000 metre races. The event is usually held" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Bonsall, Derbyshire Bonsall is a village and civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales on the edge of the Peak District. The civil parish population was 775 at the 2001 Census, increasing to 803 at the 2011 Census and including Brightgate and Horse Dale. Bonsall is about from Matlock and about from Derby. Bonsall has a long history of lead mining, along with its neighbouring town of Wirksworth, probably going back to Roman times, and is recorded in the Domesday Book. The village is on the Limestone Way, at the head of its branch to Matlock. The village lies on the edge of the Peak District National Park, the border of which bisects the 'Uppertown' suburb. The approach to the village is via a 1:5 hill, which leads down to Via Gellia (now the A5012 road) and nearby Cromford. The road is called the Clatterway, or occasionally the \"Col du Bonsall\". Parts of St James the Apostle's Church, Bonsall date from the 13th century, including the north side of the chancel and the arcade of the south aisle. The arcade of the north aisle is later and so is the Perpendicular Gothic tower. The outer walls of the church were rebuilt in 1861–62 under the direction of the Gothic Revival architect Ewan Christian. There is a market cross in the village centre that may date from the Middle Ages. The ball on top was added in 1671. Bonsall applied for a market charter some three hundred years ago, but was rejected. The Manor House was built in about 1670 and the Kings Head public house was established in 1677. Bonsall inhabitants have been involved in the textile industry, before and after Richard Arkwright. Around 1850 Bonsall was a farming village surrounded by lead mines and busy outworker frame-knitting workshops. A few 18th- and 19th-century frame-knitting workshop buildings survive. Many people also worked in the cotton spinning mills at Cromford and the Via Gellia. In early modern times Bonsall was on an important salters' route, and was a staging post on the road between Derby and Manchester. Bonsall remains a working village that is involved in agriculture, heavy goods transport and a range of forms of information technology. However, most people in the village travel to cities such as Derby, Nottingham and Sheffield for work. The village supports two public houses, the Barley Mow and the Kings Head. The parish has a Church of England primary school. Bonsall Camp in Uppertown is a Christian youth camp, owned by the Christian Youth Foundation, a charity that runs several residential children's and youth weeks in the summer holidays. Camps have been run here for more than 60 years. The Christian author Selwyn Hughes recalls in his biography the time he was sent home from the camp for bad behaviour. Attractions include the Annual \"World Championship Hen Race\" held annually in August at the Barley Mow public house. This event was run for the first time in 1992. For two years from October 2000, there were 19 sightings of UFOs in the area. On 5 October 2000, Sharon Rowlands photographed a circular object. The circular object showed a similarity to a circular object seen on the STS-75 Columbia Space Shuttle mission in early 1996. Bonsall was used as a location in Shane Meadows' 2004 film \"Dead Man's Shoes.\"and as a location in the Bafta nominated [Nick Whitfield] 2010 film 'Skeletons'. Bonsall, Derbyshire Bonsall is a village and civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales on the edge of the Peak District. The civil parish population was 775 at the 2001 Census, increasing to 803 at the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Cem Yıldırım Cem Yalçın Yıldırım (born 8 July 1961) is a Turkish mathematician who specializes in number theory. He obtained his B.Sc from Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey and his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1990. His advisor was John Friedlander. He is currently a faculty member at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, Turkey. In 2005(), with Dan Goldston and János Pintz, he proved, that for any positive number \"ε\" there exist primes \"p\" and \"p\"′ such that the difference between \"p\" and \"p\"′ is smaller than \"ε\" log \"p\". Formally; where \"p\" denotes the \"n\"th prime number. In other words, for every \"c\" > 0, there exist infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes \"p\" and \"p\" which are closer to each other than the average distance between consecutive primes by a factor of \"c\", i.e., \"p\" − \"p\" < \"c\" log \"p\". This result was originally reported in 2003 by Dan Goldston and Cem Yıldırım but was later retracted. Then Janos Pintz joined the team and they completed the proof in 2005. In fact, if they assume the Elliott–Halberstam conjecture, then they can also show that primes within 16 of each other occur infinitely often, which is related to the twin prime conjecture. Cem Yıldırım Cem Yalçın Yıldırım (born 8 July 1961) is a Turkish mathematician who specializes in number theory. He obtained his B.Sc from Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey and his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1990. His advisor was John Friedlander. He is currently a faculty member at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, Turkey. In 2005(), with Dan Goldston and János Pintz, he proved, that for any positive number \"ε\" there exist primes \"p\" and \"p\"′ such that the difference between \"p\" and \"p\"′ is smaller than \"ε\" log \"p\"." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Holy Family Academy (Bayonne, New Jersey) Holy Family Academy was a private Roman Catholic college preparatory school for young women located in Bayonne, in Hudson County, New Jersey, founded by the Sisters of St. Joseph in 1925 that closed its doors in June 2013. The most recent building, 239 Avenue A, was dedicated in 1954. The school operated under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The school had been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1965. Students were enrolled mostly from Hudson County, Northern New Jersey, and New York City. As of the 2009-10 school year, the school had an enrollment of 173 students and 29.4 classroom teachers for a student to teacher ratio of 5.9:1. The school was a member of National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA); Assigned School ID: 863985. Holy Family was established in 1925 by the Sisters of Saint Joseph to provide Catholic higher education for the city of Bayonne. Holy Family's first building was the Clark residence at 115 West Eighth Street. The first students, six boys and forty-three girls, continued the commercial course they had begun at St. Mary's and graduated in June 1926. Enrollment increased and the properties at 109 and 119 West Eighth Street were acquired to meet the need. A four-year program was initiated and the school, after being accredited, graduated its first four-year class in June 1929. HFA graduated its last co-ed class in 1949. In 1954, the most recent building at 239 Avenue A was dedicated. (The Marist Brothers began a school for young men in the Eighth Street buildings.) In 2008 the Sisters of Saint Joseph announced that they were no longer able to own, operate or support Holy Family Academy. In July 2009, Holy Family Academy was renamed Holy Family Academy of Bayonne and governance was assumed by a Board of Trustees. Though the school was still operating under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark, it became independent from the Sisters of Saint Joseph. Holy Family Academy of Bayonne was accredited by the Middle States Association Commissions on Elementary and Secondary Schools in 2012-2013. The final class of girls graduated in June 2013. On August 17, 2013 the contents of the building were sold through a listing on Craig's list and through advertisements in newspapers and through social media. HFA's building had a gymnasium/auditorium, chapel, two science labs, three computer labs, a guidance building, and a library media center. Students at Holy Family were required to take four English courses, four mathematics courses, three science courses (four recommended), two World Language (Latin, Spanish or French) courses (four strongly recommended), two United States History courses, one World History course, one Physical Education course, one Health/Driver's Education course, and four Theology courses. The school offered Advanced Placement classes, two college classes through Saint Peter's University, (English Literature and Calculus) and one college course through Caldwell College (Forensic Science), along with a strong Honors program. The Art, Business, and Technology Departments offered many electives. The school overall offered electives in all disciplines. Holy Family Academy competed in the Hudson County Interscholastic League, following a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Holy Family Academy (Bayonne, New Jersey) Holy Family Academy was a private Roman Catholic college preparatory school for young women located in Bayonne, in Hudson County, New Jersey, founded by the Sisters of St. Joseph in 1925 that closed its doors in June 2013. The most recent building, 239 Avenue A, was dedicated in 1954. The" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Laphria (festival) Laphria (Ancient Greek: τὰ Λάφρια) was an ancient Greek religious festival in honour of the goddess Artemis, held every year in Patras. There was a sanctuary of Artemis Laphria on the acropolis of Patras. The sanctuary had an image of Artemis Laphria, that was brought there from Calydon in Aetolia after it was laid waste by Augustus. Every year, the people held a \"festival of the Laphria\" in the goddess's honour \"which was peculiar to their place\". They made a barrier of tall logs round the altar, \"still green\", so that the stockade would not burn. They piled the driest wood on the altar, for kindling, and then smoothed the approaches to the pyre by laying earth on the altar steps. On the first day, the people walked in procession of the \"greatest grandeur\" for the goddess. A virgin priestess brought up the rear, riding in a chariot which was drawn by tame yoke deer. The next day, living animals are sacrificed, including edible birds, boars, deer, gazelles, wolves and bears, but also fruit from trees. The altar was set on fire. Animals forced out by the first leap of the flames, or escaping at full tilt were thrown back into the fire, to their death, by those who had brought them. There was no record of anyone being injured by the animals. For a discussion on this festival see 'Ritual Dynamics in Pausanias: The Laphria' by Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge. Laphria (festival) Laphria (Ancient Greek: τὰ Λάφρια) was an ancient Greek religious festival in honour of the goddess Artemis, held every year in Patras. There was a sanctuary of Artemis Laphria on the acropolis of Patras. The sanctuary had an image of Artemis Laphria, that was brought there from Calydon in Aetolia after it was laid waste by Augustus." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Norman Matthews Norman Gregory Matthews (12 February 1904 – 6 August 1964) was a British Anglican clergyman and broadcaster. Born in Swansea, he spent his working life in Cardiff. Norman Matthews was born in Britain on 12 February 1904 at Swansea, and was educated in Swansea at the Bishop Gore School, before matriculating at the University of Oxford (Jesus College), where he held a Meyricke exhibition (scholarship). He graduated with a second-class Bachelor of Arts degree in Theology in 1926 (obtaining his MA in 1930). After studying and training at St Stephen's House, Oxford, Matthews was ordained deacon in 1927, and priest in 1928. From 1927 to 1935 he served as curate of St Dyfrig's church, Cardiff, before becoming the first Warden of St Teilo's Hall of Residence at Cardiff University, also serving as Llandaff Diocesan Missioner from 1936 to 1940. From 1940 to 1953 he served as vicar of St Saviour's church, Roath, Cardiff - combining this with the post of chaplain to HM Prison Cardiff from 1940 to 1945. In 1946 he was also appointed as a canon of Llandaff Cathedral, and he became Chancellor of the diocese in 1952. In 1953 he became rector of St Fagans. He died at St. Fagans on 6 August 1964, and was buried in the graveyard of Llandaff cathedral. In addition to his parish work, he lectured on English literature, made frequent broadcasts (including being a member of the BBC show \"The Brains Trust\"), wrote extensively and served on the Liturgical Commission of the Church in Wales and the Central Committee for the Training of Ordinands. Norman Matthews Norman Gregory Matthews (12 February 1904 – 6 August 1964) was a British Anglican clergyman and broadcaster. Born in Swansea, he spent his working life in Cardiff. Norman Matthews was born in Britain" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "1977 New Zealand National Soccer League The 1977 New Zealand National Soccer League was the eighth season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football. An expansion by two teams meant that it was the first year in which twelve teams took part. Prize money was significantly increased for the top three clubs, and the number of teams relegated increased from one to three, these being automatically replaced by the winners of the three regional leagues. With an expanded league, there was no promotion and relegation play-off series for 1977 league places. Gisborne City, relegated in 1976, returned to the regional league, and three new teams took their place. These were the winners of the northern, central, and southern leagues (Hamilton, Nelson United, and Dunedin City respectively). No one team dominated the 1977 league, which was won narrowly by North Shore United over Stop Out. Shore ran hot and cold, with a string of six wins early in the season followed by a string of lacklustre performances which saw them slide down the table. Hutt Valley's Stop Out showed a marked improvement from the previous season, when they only narrowly avoided relegation. Trans Tours Christchurch United also rebounded from the previous year's poor showing. Newcomers Hamilton (soccer) completed the top four. Two-thirds of the way through the season they were leading, but one win in thei last seven games ended their title challenge. Wellington Diamond United and Mount Wellington completed the top half of the table. WDU's season was highlighted by a 7-3 win over New Brighton, a goal aggregate record for the league up until that point. The Mount's season was badly affected by the loss of players to qualifying matches for the 1978 FIFA World Cup, and a goal drought late in the season cost them dearly. Nelson United started and ended the season brightly, but the middle of the season saw a disastrous run of ten matches without a win, leaving them seventh at the season's end. They were followed by Blockhouse Bay, who recorded their lowest league position yet, largely due to the loss of key players to other sides, notably Iain and Duncan Ormond, who had moved to North Shore and Stop out respectively. Eastern Suburbs finished just above New Brighton, avoiding relegation only by way of a better goal ratio. This was largely the result of two big wins by Suburbs over the Seasiders in which they had scored eleven goals in total and only had three scored against them. It was a bad year for South Island sides other than Christchurch United — New Brighton were accompanied into the regional leagues by the two Dunedin sides, Dunedin City and Caversham. City were doomed by their terrible start to the season. Nine straight losses meant they were always going to have a struggle to catch up, and despite a very strong finish to the season they failed to make up the ground. Neighbours Caversham had as forgettable an end to the season as city's start to it, failing to find the net in their last eight games. 1977 New Zealand National Soccer League The 1977 New Zealand National Soccer League was the eighth season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football. An expansion by two teams meant that it was the first year in which twelve teams took part. Prize money was significantly increased for the top three clubs, and the number of teams relegated increased from one to three, these being automatically replaced by the winners of the three regional leagues. With an expanded league, there was no" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Score Satellite Radio The Score Satellite Radio was a Canadian sports radio channel, owned and operated by Score Media, owners of its sister television network of the same name. The channel broadcasts on Sirius Satellite Radio channel 158, and is available to subscribers in Canada. It was also offered to U.S. subscribers but removed in February 2007. It has been added back to the Sirius channel listing for U.S. listeners since then. Formally known as \"Hardcore Sports Radio\", the channel re-branded as \"The Score Satellite Radio\" in September 2010 to unify its branding with that of its television and internet operations In September 2011, Sirius is pulling the station from its lineup. As posted on The Score's Twitter feed on 2 August 2011, they will no longer be broadcasting on Sirius channel 158 as of 1 September 2011. The Score Satellite Radio The Score Satellite Radio was a Canadian sports radio channel, owned and operated by Score Media, owners of its sister television network of the same name. The channel broadcasts on Sirius Satellite Radio channel 158, and is available to subscribers in Canada. It was also offered to U.S. subscribers but removed in February 2007. It has been" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Wilf Smith (footballer, born 1918) Wilfred \"Wilf\" Smith (7 April 1918 – 14 April 1968) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back. Smith began his career as an amateur with Clevedon Town before turning professional with Bristol Rovers. Smith spent ten years at Rovers and, because League football was suspended due to the Second World War, only made a total of 26 appearances in the Football League for them. Smith signed for Newport County in December 1946 in a swap deal involving Ken Wookey. At Newport, Smith made a further 9 League appearances. Smith later played in Wales with Abergavenny Thursdays. Wilf Smith (footballer, born 1918) Wilfred \"Wilf\" Smith (7 April 1918 – 14 April 1968) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back. Smith began his career as an amateur with Clevedon Town before turning professional with Bristol Rovers. Smith spent ten years at Rovers and, because League football was suspended due to the Second World War, only made a total of 26 appearances in the Football League for them. Smith signed for Newport County in December 1946 in a swap deal involving Ken Wookey. At Newport, Smith made a further 9" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Romero Rock Romero Rock () is a rock lying 0.1 nautical miles (0.2 km) west of Saavedra Rock in the Duroch Islands, Trinity Peninsula. The Chilean Antarctic Expedition of 1947-48, under the command of Navy Captain Ernesto Gonzalez Navarrete, made a survey of this area and gave the name \"Islote Astronomo Romero\" after Astronomer of the Chilean Army Guillermo Romero Gonzalez who was a member of the expedition and did astronomical work in the Antarctic. Around 1951 the name \"Islote Romero\" began to be used to avoid the compound name. The present name, Romero Rock, has been in use since 1962. Romero Rock Romero Rock () is a rock lying 0.1 nautical miles (0.2 km) west of Saavedra Rock in the Duroch Islands, Trinity Peninsula. The Chilean Antarctic Expedition of 1947-48, under the command of Navy Captain Ernesto Gonzalez Navarrete, made a survey of this area and gave the name \"Islote Astronomo Romero\" after Astronomer of the Chilean Army Guillermo Romero Gonzalez who was a member of the expedition and did astronomical work in the Antarctic. Around 1951 the name \"Islote Romero\" began to be used to avoid the compound name. The present name, Romero Rock, has been in use" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Denver Firefighters Museum The Denver Firefighters Museum is a museum in downtown Denver, Colorado, United States. A nonprofit institution 501 (C) (3), it consists of an facility housing four galleries that explore the history of firefighting in Denver. Established in 1978, it is located in the 1909-built former Fire Station No. 1, a building that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979. The Denver Firefighters Museum is located in a historic firehouse, Historic Station No. 1, built in 1909 by the Denver architect Glenn W. Huntington. Historic Station One is actually the second station one. The original Station One was located at the corner of 15th Street and Broadway. It was torn down in 1909 to make way for The Pioneer Monument which was constructed in 1910 for $70,000 to mark the western terminus of the Smokey Hill Trail and honor the pioneers who crossed the plains. The new Station One was constructed for a cost $20,000 in 1909. The Denver Firefighters Museum is a nonprofit institution with revenues from contributions and grants from individuals, foundations, corporations and federal agencies; earned gift shop income; program income; memberships and admission income. The Denver Firefighters Museum employs four full-time and five part-time staff members. Over 100 volunteers donate more than 3,500 hours annually to a variety of museum projects. The Denver Firefighters Museum welcomes more than 20,000 visitors each year with over 5,000 at reduced or free admission through the Scientific & Cultural Facilities District (SCFD) free days and community partnerships. A large proportion of the Museum visitors are out of state firefighters and their families. The Museum receives many international visitors as well. The Denver Firefighters Museum maintains a collection of more than 30,000 artifacts, photographs and manuscripts. Six themes comprise this gallery that follows the process of fire. Communicating Fire—discuss how fire has been communicated through time from pulling alarm boxes and telegraph, to dialing zero and calling 911 today; Personal Protective Tools and Equipment—display of bunking gear, helmets, boots, and firefighting tools; Fire Apparatus—display of hand pulled, horse pulled and motorized fire trucks and engines; Fire Suppression—discussion of methods used to extinguish fire through water and chemicals; Other Duties—discusses other life safety tasks that firefighters perform; and an interpretation of the History of Station No. 1. Follow the firefighters boot prints through the gallery to interact with the hands-on activities. Fire Safety Stops explore the exhibit themes on a child's level and teach important fire prevention lessons in a fun, non-threatening manner. Activities include a 911 teaching phone, child size firefighting gear, children's pole and fire truck, and a touch cart full of real firefighting tools. Discount Tire Co. Educational Center shows a variety of videos on demand. Three themes comprise this gallery: firefighter training, Denver's fires and living quarters at Station No. 1. Visitors learn of the rigors of becoming a firefighter; the large fires in Denver's history; and tour the living quarters—dorm room, officer's quarters, locker room, bathroom, and family room. This gallery is designed just for families to interact one-on-one with their children. The concepts presented reinforce the fire prevention messages gleaned through the tour of the exhibits and include computer kiosks, puppet theater, reading center, video center, and a hop scotch that teaches matches and lighter safety Denver Firefighters Museum The Denver Firefighters Museum is a museum in downtown Denver, Colorado, United States. A nonprofit institution 501 (C) (3), it consists of an facility housing four galleries that explore the history of firefighting in Denver. Established in 1978, it is located in the 1909-built former Fire Station No. 1, a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Morris House (New Haven, Connecticut) The Pardee-Morris House, also known as John Morris House, is a historic house museum at 325 Lighthouse Road in New Haven, Connecticut. Probably built in the late 17th century, it is one of New Haven's oldest surviving buildings, and a good example of First Period colonial architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is now owned and operated by the New Haven Museum and Historical Society, and is open seasonally for events, classes and tours. The Pardee-Morris House is located in New Haven's Morris Cove area, on the east side of New Haven Harbor. It is located at the southeast corner of Lighthouse Road and Morris Avenue. It is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with stone end walls and chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. The stone is laid in part with mortar of great antiquity, into which shells have been mixed. The main facade is seven bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically about the main entrance. The entrance is sheltered by a modern shed-roof hood. The oldest portions of the house are believed to date to the late 17th century, probably during the lifetime of Thomas Morris, the first colonial grantee of land in this area, or one of his sons. It was partially burned by the British in 1779. It remained in the Morris family until 1915, when it was sold to William Pardee. He only briefly occupied the house, and willed it to the historical society upon his death a few years later, along with an endowment for its care. Morris House (New Haven, Connecticut) The Pardee-Morris House, also known as John Morris House, is a historic house museum at 325 Lighthouse Road in New Haven, Connecticut. Probably built in the late" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Asunder, Sweet and Other Distress Asunder, Sweet and Other Distress is the fifth studio album by Canadian experimental band Godspeed You! Black Emperor, released on 31 March 2015. The album was recorded with Electrical Audio engineer Greg Norman in studios in North Carolina and Montreal. The album is the first to feature completely new material since the band re-formed in 2010. It is also, with the exception of the vinyl version of \"F♯ A♯ ∞\", the group's shortest full-length LP to date, timing in at just forty minutes. The album was announced on 24 February 2015; the group also shared an excerpt of \"Peasantry or 'Light! Inside of Light!'\" on SoundCloud. On 24 March 2015, Constellation Records streamed the album on their SoundCloud. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from music critics, the album has received an average score of 84, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Pitchfork rated the album 7.6 out of a possible 10 and Mark Richardson described the album as a \"different kind of transaction\" and that while listening to the album \"You have to let your guard down\" as that Godspeed \"transforms feelings into compelling records. They're still on track.\". Writing for \"Exclaim!\", Nilan Perera called the record \"a beautiful, concise blast that conveys this band's musical essence.\" The album's four tracks are based on \"Behemoth\", played live numerous times since 2012 and previously recorded onstage for the concert series We Have Signal. Asunder, Sweet and Other Distress Asunder, Sweet and Other Distress is the fifth studio album by Canadian experimental band Godspeed You! Black Emperor, released on 31 March 2015. The album was recorded with Electrical Audio engineer Greg Norman in studios in North Carolina and Montreal. The album is the first to feature completely new material since the band re-formed" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Amy Ephron Amy Laura Ephron (born October 21, 1952) is an American novelist, screenwriter, journalist, and film producer. Ephron was born in Beverly Hills, California to Phoebe and Henry Ephron, both East Coast born and raised screenwriters. She is the sister of Nora Ephron, Delia Ephron, and Hallie Ephron. She is Jewish. \"Carnival Magic\", her second novel for children, a companion to her first, is being published May 1, 2018 by Philomel, Penguin Kids. Her first novel for children, \"The Castle in the Mist\", was published February 2017 by Philomel, Penguin Kids. It was an Amazon best book for kids 'pick of the month' and a Barnes & Noble pick for best book of the year. It has been nominated for a SCIBA Award. Her novel \"A Cup of Tea\" spent 37 weeks on the \"LA Times\" bestseller list and has been bought by Bruckheimer Films. Her latest novel \"One Sunday Morning\" received the Booklist Best Fiction of the Year award and Booklist's Best Historical Fiction award in 2005 and was a Barnes and Noble Book Club selection. Ephron is a Contributing Editor and Contributor to \"Vogue\" and Vogue.com. Her stories and essays have appeared in \"The New York Times\", \"House Beautiful\", \"Saveur\", \"LA Times\", \"The Chicago Tribune\", \"National Lampoon\", \"The Huffington Post\", etc. She is also the Executive Producer of Warner Bros′ Alfonso Cuaron's \"A Little Princess\". As a film executive she worked on \"Born on the Fourth of July\" and \"Out of Africa\", among others. She was also a non-broadcast Editor at the Children's Television Workshop, developing and producing toys and games for \"Sesame Street\" and \"The Electric Company\". She has been married twice, first to film producer Sasha Harari, with whom she has three children, Anna, Maia and Ethan, and currently to lawyer Alan Rader. Amy Ephron" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Semma Botha Aagatha Semma Botha Aagathey () is a 2018 Indian Tamil action stoner thriller film directed by Badri Venkatesh. Dialogues are written by G.Radhakrishnan. The film stars Atharvaa, who also produces the film, while Mishti and Anaika Soti portray the leading female roles. Featuring music composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja, the film began production during January 2016 and is released worldwide on 29 June 2018. The movie begins with Ramesh (Atharvaa) waking up in a hangover and remembering the events of the previous day. After a breakup with his girlfriend Madhu (Mishti), he drinks a lot along with his friend Nandhu (Karunakaran). On his advice, Ramesh calls for a female escort and sneaks her into his apartment. Ramesh has to step out of his house due to his neighbor Devi's (Devadarshini) emergency situation. He asks the escort Nina (Anaika Soti) to wait inside his house, promising to come back soon. While he returns, he finds her dead. Ramesh is shocked and tries to find details about her. He sees restaurant receipts in her bag, checks the CCTV footages, and finds that another man Ravi (Prinz Nithik) had accompanied her prior to her meeting him. From her cell phone, he finds her house address, travels to Palakkad, and asks Nandhu to stay behind and guard the dead body. He is not able to find any information from Nina's family and leaves, but Nina's sister makes a call to Sekar (John Vijay) and informs him about Ramesh. Sekar tracks Ramesh and asks about Nina and Ravi. He says Ravi was a henchman and had usurped money and documents from the politician for whom he was working for. Ramesh escapes from Sekar. Nandhu calls him with information about a series of numbers he found from Nina's purse and also says he is hiding with the dead body in the attic because of Ramesh's intruding neighbors - Devi's father (Manobala) and husband Ram (Chetan), who came to use his gas stove. Ramesh goes to a railway station to find that the cloak room lockers are the series of numbers Nina had noted down. He sees Ravi opening the lockers and asks why he killed Nina. Ravi says he escaped with his boss's money and picked up Nina to escort him. During his stay with her, fake policemen threatened and looted all the money. He finds that all of this was part of Nina's plan and that she had taken the money, hid it in the lockers, and left to Chennai. So he found her, and after getting information about the money's location, he poisoned her drink. It is then that Ramesh had met Nina and she unfortunately ended up dying at his apartment. After recording Ravi's confession, Ramesh strikes a deal with him that he should get rid of Nina's body from his house and takes him in his car. Ravi tries to escape, and after a chase, he falls to his death. Ramesh returns to Chennai and plans to dispose of the dead body himself and along with Nandhu, he drives Nina's body to the place Ravi died. Keeping both the dead people together along with the money, he informs Sekar of the whereabouts of Ravi, Nina, and the money. Sekar comes to the location, takes back his boss's money, and disposes Ravi and Nina's bodies. Finally relieved of the unwanted trouble, Ramesh and Nandhu get back to their homes in Chennai. Ramesh patches up with Madhu when Nandhu informs that Sekar and his men are dead. Ramesh and Nandhu are overjoyed because there is no proof of their unwitting involvement in Ravi and Nina's murders. On 1 January 2016, Atharvaa launched a new productions studio named Kickass Entertainment and revealed that he produce a film directed by Badri Venkatesh, who had introduced him in films through \"Baana Kaathadi\" (2010). In a turn of events a week later, Atharvaa revealed that he would portray the lead role himself. In April 2016, actresses Mishti and Anaika Soti joined the film's cast, as did John Vijay and Karunakaran. The film was shot across early 2016 in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The soundtrack of \"Semma Botha Aagathey\" consists of five songs composed and arranged by Yuvan Shankar Raja. Tamil Nadu theatrical rights of the film were sold for 4.5 crore. Semma Botha Aagatha Semma Botha Aagathey () is a 2018 Indian Tamil action stoner thriller film directed by Badri Venkatesh. Dialogues are written by G.Radhakrishnan. The film stars Atharvaa, who also produces the film, while Mishti and Anaika Soti portray the leading female roles. Featuring music composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja, the film began production during January 2016 and is released worldwide on 29 June 2018. The movie begins with Ramesh (Atharvaa) waking up in a hangover and remembering the events of the previous day." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Angi Uezu Angi Uezu (January 3, 1935 - ) is the former head of one of the major Isshin-ryu karate organizations, the Okinawan Isshin-Ryu Karate Kobudo Association (O.I.K.K.A., founded in 1990). He is the son-in-law of the system's founder, Shimabuku Tatsuo, and a 10th degree black belt. He was born in Chalan Kiya on the island of Saipan. He was injured by American machine gun fire during the Battle of Saipan. His family was repatriated to Okinawa after World War II. In 1958, he married Yukiko Shimabuku, the third daughter of Tatsuo Shimabuku, with whom he had a son. He began training in Isshin-ryu karate in late 1962 and received his black belt in January 1965. He is now retired from teaching martial arts and lives in Iribaru, Uruma City. Master Uezu, although retired from teaching, comes to the United States occasionally to hold seminars. Angi was inducted into the Isshin-ryū Hall of Fame in 1997. He is the co-author (with Joseph Jennings) of the book \"The Encyclopedia of Isshin-Ryu Karate: Book One, Beginner to Green Belt\". Angi Uezu Angi Uezu (January 3, 1935 - ) is the former head of one of the major Isshin-ryu karate organizations, the Okinawan" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Pearson's tuco-tuco Pearson's tuco-tuco (\"Ctenomys pearsoni\") is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Uruguay, where it is found at elevations below 200 m. This tuco-tuco constructs burrows with multiple openings (an average of 13) containing one to two nests of dried grass; it prefers areas of sandy soil but is somewhat adaptable. It is threatened by loss of habitat to development, agriculture and ranching. Multiple karyotypes have been reported, including 2n = 68-70, FN = 80-88, as well as 2n = 56, FN = 77-79, suggesting the taxon may represent several species. \"C. dorbignyi\" appears to be cytogenetically indistinguishable from the 2n = 70 form. The species is named after American zoologist Oliver Payne Pearson. Pearson's tuco-tuco Pearson's tuco-tuco (\"Ctenomys pearsoni\") is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Uruguay, where it is found at elevations below 200 m. This tuco-tuco constructs burrows with multiple openings (an average of 13) containing one to two nests of dried grass; it prefers areas of sandy soil but is somewhat adaptable. It is threatened by loss of habitat to development, agriculture and ranching. Multiple karyotypes have been reported, including 2n = 68-70," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Dynomutt, Dog Wonder Dynomutt, Dog Wonder is a Saturday morning animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The show centers on a Batman-esque super hero, the Blue Falcon, and his assistant, bumbling yet generally effective robot dog Dynomutt, a robotic dog who can produce a seemingly infinite number of mechanical devices from his body. As with many other animated superheroes of the era, no origins for the characters are ever provided. \"Dynomutt\" was originally broadcast as a half-hour segment of \"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\" (1976–77) and its later expanded form \"Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics\" (1977–78); it would later be rerun and syndicated on its own from 1978 on. The cast of \"The Scooby-Doo Show\" appeared as recurring characters on \"Dynomutt\", assisting the Daring Duo in cracking their crimes. Originally distributed by Hanna-Barbera's then-parent company Taft Broadcasting, Warner Bros. Television currently holds the television distribution to the series. Millionaire socialite art dealer Radley Crown (voiced by Gary Owens) and his mechanical dog Dynomutt (voiced by Frank Welker (who got the inspiration for the voice from the Gertrude and Heathcliff characters of Red Skelton)) enjoy leisure time in their base of operations in Big City, until alerted by the Falcon Flash. They then immediately dash to the Falcon's Lair (situated in Crown's penthouse apartment), where they switch to their secret identities, the Blue Falcon and Dog Wonder, respectively. The Blue Falcon and Dynomutt receive the report via TV screen from the secret GHQ of secret agent F.O.C.U.S. One (voiced by Ron Feinberg), jump into the Falconcar and speed into the fray against assorted evildoers. In a coup similar to the 1960s \"Batman\" TV series, the first 10 minutes of \"Dynomutt\" ends with a cliffhanger wherein the Daring Duo, in the clutches of their foes, are subjected to a perilous fate which is resolved immediately after the commercial. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the 1970s, the show contains no laugh track created by the studio. The metallic mutt employs a system of miniaturized transistors which allow him to extend his limbs or neck and use them to perform extraordinary feats; however, none of them ever work properly. \"B.F.\" (as Dynomutt lovingly refers to him) is more Dynomutt's victim than his master, forever being hamstrung by the latter's insufferably clumsy mechanized mishaps, which often results in the Blue Falcon calling Dynomutt \"Dog Blunder\". Nevertheless, Dynomutt and the Blue Falcon, who is equipped with his own arsenal of supergadgetry, manage to get the situation well in hand. \"The episode titles given reflect Hanna-Barbera studio records. No on-screen titles were given for this series.\" These four new episodes were aired under the new title \"The Blue Falcon & Dynomutt\". \"Dynomutt, Dog Wonder\" originally aired in these following formats on ABC and NBC: Between January 2 and March 9, 2008, repeats of \"Dynomutt, Dog Wonder\" were shown on Boomerang. On June 4, 2009, \"Dynomutt, Dog Wonder\" returned to Boomerang and aired Thursdays through Sundays at 10am Eastern. But the show stopped airing on Boomerang due to the re-branding that happened on January 19, 2015 that also removed many other older shows. All 16 episodes of the first season were released to DVD in the \"Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\" DVD set from Warner Home Video. The four episodes from \"The Blue Falcon & Dynomutt\" that were broadcast as a part of \"Scooby-Doo's All Star Laff-A-Lympics\" are currently unavailable on DVD. Dynomutt, Dog Wonder Dynomutt, Dog Wonder is a Saturday morning animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The show centers on a Batman-esque super hero, the Blue Falcon, and his assistant, bumbling yet generally effective robot dog Dynomutt, a robotic dog" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Control of fire by early humans The control of fire by early humans was a turning point in the cultural aspect of human evolution. Fire provided a source of warmth, protection, improvement on hunting and a method for cooking food. These cultural advancements allowed for human geographic dispersal, cultural innovations, and changes to diet and behavior. Additionally, creating fire allowed the expansion of human activity to proceed into the dark and colder hours of the evening. Claims for the earliest definitive evidence of control of fire by a member of \"Homo\" range from 1.7 to 0.2 million years ago (Mya). Evidence for the controlled use of fire by \"Homo erectus\", beginning some 1,000,000 years ago, has wide scholarly support. Flint blades burned in fires roughly 300,000 years ago were found near fossils of early but not entirely modern \"Homo sapiens\" in Morocco. Evidence of widespread control of fire by anatomically modern humans dates to approximately 125,000 years ago. Use and control of fire was a gradual process, proceeding through more than one stage. One was a change in habitat, from dense forest, where wildfires were rare and potentially catastrophic, to savanna (mixed grass/woodland) where wildfires were very rare and of lower intensity. Such a change may have occurred about three million years ago, when the savanna expanded in East Africa due to cooler and drier climate. The next stage involved interaction with burned landscapes and foraging in the wake of wildfires, as observed in various wild animals. In the African savanna, animals that preferentially forage in recently burned areas include Savanna chimpanzees (a variety of Pan troglodytes verus), Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and a variety of birds, some of which also hunt insects and small vertebrates in the wake of grass fires. The next step would be to make some use of residual hot spots that occur in the wake of wildfires. For example, foods found in the wake of wildfires tend to be either burned or undercooked. This might have provided incentives to place undercooked foods on a hotspot or to pull food out of the fire if it was in danger of getting burned. This would require familiarity with fire and its behavior. An early step in the control of fire would be transporting it from burned to unburned areas and lighting them on fire, providing advantages in food acquisition. Maintaining a fire over an extended period of time, as for a season (such as the dry season) may have led to the development of base campsites. Building a hearth or other fire enclosure such as a circle of stones would have been a later development. The ability to make fire, generally with a friction device with hardwood rubbing against softwood (as in a bow drill) was a late development. Each of these stages could occur at different intensities, ranging from occasional or \"opportunistic\" to \"habitual\" to \"obligate\" (unable to survive without it). Most of the evidence of controlled use of fire during the Lower Paleolithic is uncertain and has limited scholarly support. The inconclusiveness of some of the evidence lies behind the fact that there exist other plausible explanations, such as natural processes, that could explain the findings. Recent findings support that the earliest known controlled use of fire took place in Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa, 1.0 Mya. Over time, early humans figured out how to create fire. Archaeological evidence suggests that this happened between 700,000 years ago and 120,000 years ago. Findings from the Wonderwerk Cave site, in the Northern Cape province of South Africa, provide the earliest evidence for controlled use of fire. Intact sediments were analyzed using micromorphological analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (mFTIR) and yielded evidence, in the form of burned bones and ashed plant remains, that burning took place at the site 1.0 Mya. East African sites, such as Chesowanja near Lake Baringo, Koobi Fora, and Olorgesailie in Kenya, show some possible evidence that fire was controlled by early humans. In Chesowanja archaeologists found red clay clasts dated to 1.4 Mya. These clasts must have been heated to to harden. However, tree stumps burned in bush fires in East Africa produce clasts which, when broken by erosion, are like those described at Chesownja. Controlled use of fire at Chesowanja is unproven. In Koobi Fora, sites FxJjzoE and FxJj50 show evidence of control of fire by \"Homo erectus\" at 1.5 Mya with findings of reddened sediment that could come from heating at . Evidence of possible human control of fire has been found at Swartkrans, South Africa. The evidence includes several burned bones, including ones with hominin-inflicted cut marks, along with Acheulean and bone tools. This site also shows some of the earliest evidence of carnivorous behavior in \"H. erectus\". A \"hearth-like depression\" that could have been used to burn bones was found at a site in Olorgesailie, Kenya. However, it did not contain any charcoal and no signs of fire have been observed. Some microscopic charcoal was found, but it could have resulted from a natural brush fire. In Gadeb, Ethiopia, fragments of welded tuff that appeared to have been burned were found in Locality 8E but re-firing of the rocks might have occurred due to local volcanic activity. In the Middle Awash River Valley, cone-shaped depressions of reddish clay were found that could have been formed by temperatures of . These features, thought to have been created by burning tree stumps, were hypothesized to have been produced by early hominids lighting tree stumps so they could have fire away from their habitation site. However, this view is not widely accepted. Burned stones are also found in Awash Valley, but volcanic welded tuff is also found in the area which could explain the burned stones. Burned flints discovered near Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, dated by thermoluminescence to approximately 300,000 years, were discovered in the same sedimentary layer as skulls of early \"Homo sapiens.\" Paleoanthropologist Jean-Jacques Hublin believes the flints were used as spear tips and left in fires used by the early humans for cooking food. In Xihoudu in Shanxi Province, China, the black, blue, and grayish-green discoloration of mammalian bones found at the site illustrates the evidence of burning by early hominids. In 1985, a parallel site in China, Yuanmou in the Yunnan Province, archaeologists found blackened mammal bones which date back to 1.7 Mya BP. A site at Bnot Ya'akov Bridge, Israel, has claimed to show that \"H. erectus\" or \"H. ergaster\" controlled fires between 790,000 and 690,000 BP. At Trinil, Java, burned wood has been found in layers that carried \"H. erectus\" (Java Man) fossils dating from 830,000 to 500,000 BP. The burned wood has been claimed to indicate the use of fire by early hominids. The Cave of Hearths in South Africa has burn deposits, which date from 700,000 to 200,000 BP, as do various other sites such as Montagu Cave (200,000 to 58,000 BP) and the Klasies River Mouth (130,000 to 120,000 BP). Strong evidence comes from Kalambo Falls in Zambia where several artifacts related to the use of fire by humans have been recovered including charred logs, charcoal, carbonized grass stems and plants, and wooden implements which may have been hardened by fire. The site has been dated through radiocarbon dating to be at 110,000 BP and 61,000 BP through amino acid racemization. Fire was used for heat treatment of silcrete stones to increase their workability before they were knapped into tools by Stillbay culture. These Stillbay sites date back anywhere ranging from 164,000 BP to 72,000 BP. At the Amudian site of Qesem Cave in Tel-Aviv, evidence exists of the regular use of fire from before 382,000 BP to around 200,000 BP at the end of Lower Pleistocene. Large quantities of burned bone and moderately heated soil lumps were found, and the cut marks found on the bones suggest that butchering and", "humans have been recovered including charred logs, charcoal, carbonized grass stems and plants, and wooden implements which may have been hardened by fire. The site has been dated through radiocarbon dating to be at 110,000 BP and 61,000 BP through amino acid racemization. Fire was used for heat treatment of silcrete stones to increase their workability before they were knapped into tools by Stillbay culture. These Stillbay sites date back anywhere ranging from 164,000 BP to 72,000 BP. At the Amudian site of Qesem Cave in Tel-Aviv, evidence exists of the regular use of fire from before 382,000 BP to around 200,000 BP at the end of Lower Pleistocene. Large quantities of burned bone and moderately heated soil lumps were found, and the cut marks found on the bones suggest that butchering and prey-defleshing took place near fireplaces. Evidence at Zhoukoudian cave in China suggests control of fire as early as 460,000 to 230,000 BP. Fire in Zhoukoudian is suggested by the presence of burned bones, burned chipped-stone artifacts, charcoal, ash, and hearths alongside \"H. erectus\" fossils in Layer 10, the earliest archaeological horizon at the site. This evidence comes from Locality 1, also known as the Peking Man site, where several bones were found to be uniformly black to grey. The extracts from the bones were determined to be characteristic of burned bone rather than manganese staining. These residues also showed IR spectra for oxides, and a bone that was turquoise was reproduced in the laboratory by heating some of the other bones found in Layer 10. At the site, the same effect might have been due to natural heating, as the effect was produced on white, yellow, and black bones. Layer 10 itself is described as ash with biologically produced silicon, aluminum, iron, and potassium, but wood ash remnants such as siliceous aggregates are missing. Among these are possible hearths \"represented by finely laminated silt and clay interbedded with reddish-brown and yellow brown fragments of organic matter, locally mixed with limestone fragments and dark brown finely laminated silt, clay and organic matter.\" The site itself does not show that fires were made in Zhoukoudian, but the association of blackened bones with quartzite artifacts at least shows that humans did control fire at the time of the habitation of the Zhoukoudian cave. Multiple sites in Europe such as Torralba and Ambrona, Spain, and St. Esteve-Janson, France have also shown evidence of use of fire by later versions of \"H. erectus\". The oldest has been found in England at the site of Beeches Pit, Suffolk; uranium series dating and thermoluminescence dating place the use of fire at 415,000 BP. At Vértesszőlős, Hungary, while no charcoal has been found, burned bones have been discovered dating from c. 350,000 years ago. At Torralba and Ambrona, Spain, objects such as Acheulean stone tools, remains of large mammals such as extinct elephants, charcoal, and wood were discovered. At Saint-Estève-Janson in France, there is evidence of five hearths and reddened earth in the Escale Cave. These hearths have been dated to 200,000 BP. The discovery of fire came to provide a wide variety of uses for early hominids. It acted as a source of warmth, making it easier to get through cold nighttime temperatures and allowing hominids to survive in colder environments, through which geographic expansion from tropical and subtropical climates to areas of temperate climates containing colder winters began to occur. The discovery of the use of fire and the sharing of the benefits of the use of fire may have created a sense of sharing as a group by the participation of gathering fire wood that may have become the first concept of taxation although not realized at the time. The use of fire continued to aid hominids at night by also acting as a means by which to ward off predatory animals. Fire also played a major role in changing how hominids obtained and consumed food, primarily in the new practice of cooking. This caused a significant increase in hominid meat consumption and calorie intake. In addition to cooking, hominids soon discovered that meat could be dried through the use of fire, allowing it to be preserved for times in which harsh environmental conditions made hunting difficult. Fire was even used in forming tools to be used for hunting and cutting meat. Hominids found that large fires had their uses as well. By starting wildfires, they were able to increase land fertility and clear large amounts of bushes and trees to make hunting easier. As early hominids began to understand how to use fire, such a useful skill may have differentiated societal roles through the separation of cooking task groups from hunting task groups. The early discovery of fire had numerous benefits to the early hominids. With fire, they were able to protect themselves from the terrain, and were also able to devise an entirely new way of hunting. Evidence of fire has been found in caves, suggesting that fire was used to keep the early hominids warm. This is significant, because it allowed them to migrate to cooler climates and thrive. This evidence also suggests that fire was used to clear out caves prior to living in them. Living in caves was a major advancement in protection from the weather and from other species. In addition to protection from the weather, the discovery of fire allowed for innovations in hunting. Initially, early hominids used grass fires to hunt and control the population of pests in the surrounding areas. Evidence shows that early hominids were able to corral and trap animals by means of fire prior to cooking the meat. In addition to the many benefits that fire provided to early humans, it also had a major impact on the innovation of tool and weapon manufacturing. The use of fire by early humans as an engineering tool to modify the effectiveness of their weaponry was a major technological advancement. In an archeological dig that dates to approximately 400,000 years ago, researchers excavating in an area known as the ‘Spear Horizon’ in Schöningen, county Helmstedt, Germany, unearthed eight wooden spears among a trove of preserved artifacts. The spears were found along with stone tools and horse remains, one of which still had a spear through its pelvis. At another dig site located in Lehringen, Germany, a fire-hardened lance was found thrust into the rib cage of a ‘straight-tusked elephant’. These archeological digs provide evidence that suggests the spears were deliberately fire-hardened, which allowed early humans the ability to modify their hunting tactics and use the spears as thrusting rather than throwing weapons. Researchers further uncovered environmental evidence that indicated early humans may have been waiting in nearby vegetation that provided enough concealment for them to ambush their prey. More recent evidence dating to approximately 164,000 years ago found that early humans living in South Africa in the Middle Stone Age used fire as an engineering tool to alter the mechanical properties of the materials they used to make tools and improve their lives. Researchers found evidence that suggests early humans applied a method of heat treatment to a fine-grained, local rock called silcrete. Once treated, the heated rocks were modified and tempered into crescent shaped blades or arrowheads. The evidence suggests that early humans probably used the modified tools for hunting or cutting meat from killed animals. Researchers postulate that this may have been the first time that the bow and arrow was used for hunting, an advancement that had a significant impact on how early humans may have lived, hunted, and existed as community groups. Fire was also used in the creation of art. Scientists have discovered several small, 1 to 10 inch statues in Europe referred to as the Venus figurines. These statues date back to the Paleolithic Period. Several of these figures were created from stone and ivory, while some were", "of heat treatment to a fine-grained, local rock called silcrete. Once treated, the heated rocks were modified and tempered into crescent shaped blades or arrowheads. The evidence suggests that early humans probably used the modified tools for hunting or cutting meat from killed animals. Researchers postulate that this may have been the first time that the bow and arrow was used for hunting, an advancement that had a significant impact on how early humans may have lived, hunted, and existed as community groups. Fire was also used in the creation of art. Scientists have discovered several small, 1 to 10 inch statues in Europe referred to as the Venus figurines. These statues date back to the Paleolithic Period. Several of these figures were created from stone and ivory, while some were created with clay and then fired. These are some of the earliest examples of ceramics. Fire was also commonly used to create pottery. Although it was previously thought that the advent of pottery began with the use of agriculture around 10,000 years ago, scientists in China discovered pottery fragments in the Xianrendong Cave that were approximately 20,000 years old. However it was during the Neolithic Age, which began about 10,000 years ago, that the creation and use of pottery became far more widespread. These items were often carved and painted with simple linear designs and geometric shapes. Fire was an important factor in expanding and developing societies of early hominids. One impact fire might have had was social stratification. Those who could make and wield fire had more power than those who could not and may have therefore had a higher position in society. The presence of fire also led to an increase in length of “daytime”, and allowed more activity to occur in the night that was not previously possible. Evidence of large hearths indicate that the majority of this nighttime activity was spent around the fire, contributing to social interactions among individuals. This increased amount of social interaction is speculated to be important in the development of language, as it fostered more communication among individuals. Another effect that the presence of fire had on hominid societies is that it required larger and larger groups to work together in order to maintain and sustain the fire. Individuals had to work together to find fuel for the fire, maintain the fire, and complete other necessary tasks. These larger groups might have included older individuals, grandparents, to help care for children. Ultimately, fire had a significant influence on the size and social interactions of early hominid communities. The control of fire enabled important changes in human behavior, health, energy expenditure, and geographic expansion. As a result of \"domesticating\" fire as previously achieved with plants and animals, humans were able to modify their environments to their own benefit. This ability to manipulate their environments allowed them to move into much colder regions that would have previously been uninhabitable after the loss of body hair. Evidence of more complex management to change biomes can be found as far back as 200,000 to 100,000 years ago at a minimum. Furthermore, activity was no longer restricted to daylight hours due to the use of fire. Exposure to artificial light during later hours of the day changed humans' circadian rhythms, contributing to a longer waking day. The modern human's waking day is 16 hours, while most mammals are only awake for half as many hours. Additionally, humans are most awake during the early evening hours, while other primates' days begin at dawn and end at sundown. Many of these behavioral changes can be attributed to the control of fire and its impact on daylight extension. The cooking hypothesis proposes the idea that the ability to cook allowed for the brain size of hominids to increase over time. This idea was first presented by Frederich Engels in the article The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man and latter recapitulated in the book \"\" by Richard Wrangham and later in a book by Suzana Herculano-Houzel. Critics of the hypothesis argue that cooking with controlled fire is not enough to be the reason behind the increasing brain size trend. The supporting evidence of the cooking hypothesis argues that compared to the nutrients in the raw food, nutrients in cooked food are much easier to digest for hominids as shown in the research of protein ingestion from raw vs. cooked egg. Such a feature is essential for brain evolution: through studying the metabolic activities between primate species, scientists had found that there is a limitation of energy harvesting through food sources due to limited feeding time. Besides the brain, other organs in the human body also demand a high level of metabolism. At the same time, the body mass portion of different organs was changing throughout the process of evolution as a means for brain expansion. Genus \"Homo\" was able to break through the limit by cooking food to lower their feeding time and be able to absorb more nutrients to accommodate the increasing need for energy. In addition, scientists argue that the \"Homo\" species was also able to obtain nutrients like DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) from algae that were especially beneficial and critical for brain evolution and, as mentioned in the previous sections, the detoxification of the cooking process enabled early humans to access these resources. Before the advent of fire, the hominid diet was limited to mostly plant parts composed of simple sugars and carbohydrates such as seeds, flowers, and fleshy fruits. Parts of the plant such as stems, mature leaves, enlarged roots, and tubers would have been inaccessible as a food source due to the indigestibility of raw cellulose and starch. Cooking, however, made starchy and fibrous foods edible and greatly increased the diversity of other foods available to early humans. Toxin-containing foods including seeds and similar carbohydrate sources, such as cyanogenic glycosides found in linseed and cassava, were incorporated into their diets as cooking rendered them non-toxic. Cooking could also kill parasites, reduce the amount of energy required for chewing and digestion, and release more nutrients from plants and meat. Due to the difficulty of chewing raw meat and digesting tough proteins (e.g. collagen) and carbohydrates, the development of cooking served as an effective mechanism to efficiently process meat and allow for its consumption in larger quantities. With its high caloric density and store of important nutrients, meat thus became a staple in the diet of early humans. By increasing digestibility, cooking allowed hominids to maximize the energy gained from consuming foods. Studies show that caloric intake from cooking starches improves 12-35% and 45-78% for protein. As a result of the increases in net energy gain from food consumption, survival and reproductive rates in hominids increased. Before their use of fire, the hominid species had large premolars which were used to chew harder foods such as large seeds. In addition, due to the shape of the molar cusps, it is inferred that the diet was more leaf or fruit–based. In response to consuming cooked foods, the molar teeth of \"Homo erectus\" had gradually shrunk, suggesting that their diet had changed from crunchier foods such as crisp root vegetables to softer cooked foods such as meat. Cooked foods further selected for the differentiation of their teeth and eventually led to a decreased jaw volume with a variety of smaller teeth in hominids. Today, you can see the smaller jaw volume and teeth size of humans in comparison to other primates. Due to the increased digestibility cooked foods conferred, less digestion was needed to procure the necessary nutrients. As a result, the gastrointestinal tract and organs in the digestive system decreased in size. This is in contrast to other primates, where a larger digestive tract", "was more leaf or fruit–based. In response to consuming cooked foods, the molar teeth of \"Homo erectus\" had gradually shrunk, suggesting that their diet had changed from crunchier foods such as crisp root vegetables to softer cooked foods such as meat. Cooked foods further selected for the differentiation of their teeth and eventually led to a decreased jaw volume with a variety of smaller teeth in hominids. Today, you can see the smaller jaw volume and teeth size of humans in comparison to other primates. Due to the increased digestibility cooked foods conferred, less digestion was needed to procure the necessary nutrients. As a result, the gastrointestinal tract and organs in the digestive system decreased in size. This is in contrast to other primates, where a larger digestive tract is needed for fermentation of long carbohydrate chains. Thus, humans evolved from the large colons and tracts that are seen in other primates to smaller ones. According to Wrangham, control of fire allowed hominids to sleep on the ground and in caves instead of trees and led to more time being spent on the ground. This may have contributed to the evolution of bipedalism as such an ability became increasingly necessary for human activity. Critics of the hypothesis argue that while there is a linear increase in brain volume of the genus \"Homo\" over time, adding fire control and cooking does not add anything meaningful to the data. Species such as \"Homo ergaster\" existed with large brain volumes during time periods with little to no evidence of fire for cooking. Little variation exists in the brain sizes of \"Homo erectus\" dated from periods of weak and strong evidence for cooking. In Cornélio's experiments involving mice fed raw versus cooked meat, the results found that cooking meat did not increase the amount of calories taken up by mice, leading to the study's conclusion that the energetic gain is the same, if not greater, in raw meat diets than cooked meats. Studies such as this and others lead criticisms of the hypothesis to state that the increases in human brain-size occurred well before the advent of cooking due to a shift away from the consumption of nuts and berries to the consumption of meat. Other anthropologists argue that the evidence suggests that cooking fires began in earnest only 250,000 BP, when ancient hearths, earth ovens, burned animal bones, and flint appear across Europe and the Middle East. Control of fire by early humans The control of fire by early humans was a turning point in the cultural aspect of human evolution. Fire provided a source of warmth, protection, improvement on hunting and a method for cooking food. These cultural advancements allowed for human geographic dispersal, cultural innovations, and changes to diet and behavior. Additionally, creating fire allowed the expansion of human activity to proceed into the dark and colder hours of the evening. Claims for the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Myrmecophagidae The Myrmecophagidae are a family of anteaters, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'ant' and 'eat' (\"myrmeco-\" and \"\"). Two genera and three species are in the family, consisting of the giant anteater, and the tamanduas. The fossil \"Eurotamandua\" from the Messel Pit in Germany may be an early anteater, but its status is currently debated. Myrmecophagids are medium to large animals, with distinctively elongated snouts and long, narrow tongues. They have powerful claws on their toes, enabling them to rip open termite mounds and ant nests to eat the insects inside. They have no teeth, but produce a large amount of sticky saliva to trap the insects, as well as backward-pointing spines on their tongues. Ants and termites are almost their only food in the wild, and their primary source of water, although they sometimes also drink free-standing water, and occasionally eat fruits. Found in Central and South America, from southern Belize and Guatemala to northern Argentina. Most myrmecophagids are solitary, meeting only to mate. Myrmecophagids are polygamous and the male generally has no role in caring for the young. The male silky anteater is an exception and helps to feed its young. The gestation period of myrmecophagids ranges from 120–190 days. Myrmecophagids typically give birth to one offspring at a time, and the cub lives on its mothers back for 6–9 months after it is born. Myrmecophagids have such sharp claws that they cannot touch their young without causing injury. Myrmecophagids belong to the order Xenarthra, formerly known as Edentata. Xenarthra also includes sloths and armadillos. Edentates (meaning without teeth) diverged from insectivores during the Cretaceous period, roughly 135 million years ago. The fossil record of the family myrmecophagidae dates to the early miocene period in South America, roughly 25 million years ago. Throughout their evolutionary history, myrmecophagids have maintained a narrow range, though at one point their range may have extended to northern Mexico. \"Myrmecophagidae (anteaters).\" \"Animal Diversity Web\". 08 Nov. 2015. \"Anteaters: Myrmecophagidae - Behavior And Reproduction.\" \"- Female, Silky, Claws, and Birth\". 08 Nov. 2015. \"Anteater Online.\" \"Anteater Online\". 08 Nov. 2015. Myrmecophagidae The Myrmecophagidae are a family of anteaters, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'ant' and 'eat' (\"myrmeco-\" and \"\"). Two genera and three species are in the family, consisting of the giant anteater, and the tamanduas. The fossil \"Eurotamandua\" from the Messel Pit" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Clara Nunes Clara Nunes (, August 12, 1942 – April 2, 1983) was a Brazilian samba and MPB singer, considered one of the greatest of her generation. She was the first female singer in Brazil to sell over 100,000 copies of a record, with \"Tristeza Pé No Chão\" and her achievements in the samba genre earned her the title of \"Queen of Samba\". She had an enormous success with samba songs written by composers such as Nelson Cavaquinho, Paulinho da Viola and Chico Buarque, in addition to songs devoted to orishas and Portela, her favorite samba school. Among her hits, recorded in 16 solo albums, are \"Você passa, eu acho graça\" (1968), \"Ê baiana\" (1971), \"Conto de areia\" (1974), \"O mar serenou\" (1975), \"Coração leviano\" (1977), \"Na linha do mar\" (1979), \"Morena de Angola\" (1980), and \"Nação\" (1982). At the peak of her career, Nunes would sell more than a million copies of each album she released. Nunes was also a researcher of the rhythms and folklore of Brazilian popular music, and traveled several times to Africa to search for the roots of black music. Familiar to Afro-Brazilian dances and traditions, she converted to Umbanda in her later life. On April 2, 1983, she died at age 40 after suffering from anaphylaxis during a surgery to treat varicose veins. Even today she remains one of the most popular singers in Brazil. Clara Francisca Gonçalves was born on August 12, 1942, in Cedro, Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, where she lived until the age of 16. She was the youngest child of Manuel Pereira de Araújo, and Amélia Gonçalves Nunes. Her father was a joiner in the Cedro & Cachoeira textile mill, and was known in the town as \"Mané Serrador\". He was also a violeiro and a participant in the local Festival of the Three Kings. Manuel died on 1944, and soon after, the young Clara would also lose her mother. Orphaned, she would be raised by her older sister Dindinha (Maria Gonçalves) and brother José (known as Zé Chilau). At that time, Clara attended catechism classes in the Church of the Eucharistic Crusade. There, she also sang litanies in Latin in the church choir. According to her own words, she grew up listening to Carmen Costa, Ângela Maria, and especially Elizeth Cardoso and Dalva de Oliveira, the latter which had always been a big influence on her music, even though she kept a unique style. On 1952, as a young girl, Clara won her first singing contest, held in her hometown, performing \"Recuerdos de Ypacaraí\". As a prize, she won a blue dress. At age 14, Clara became a weaver in the Cedro & Cachoeira factory, the same in which her father had also been an employee. At age 16, she moved to Belo Horizonte after her brother Zé Chilau killed her boyfriend in 1957. In the state capital, Clara lived with her sister Vicentina and her brother Joaquim. There, she worked as a weaver by day and attended school by night. On weekends, Clara participated in the rehearsals of the Renaissance Choir, at the church in the neighborhood where she lived. At that time, she met guitar player Jadir Ambrósio, known for having composed the anthem of Cruzeiro. Admired by her voice, he took Clara to sing in several local radio programs, such as \"Degraus da Fama\", in which she performed under the name of Clara Francisca. In the early 1960s, Clara also met Aurino Araújo (brother of Eduardo Araújo), who introduced her to many artists. Aurino would also be her boyfriend for ten years. The record producer Cid Carvalho persuaded her to change her stage name to Clara Nunes, using her mother's maiden name. She would change her name once again, becoming Clara Francisca Gonçalves Pinheiro after her marriage. In 1960, still working as a weaver, she won the Minas Gerais stage of a contest named \"\"The Golden Voice of ABC\"\", performing \"Serenata do Adeus\", composed by Vinícius de Moraes and previously recorded by Elizeth Cardoso. In the national stage of the competition, held in São Paulo, she won the third place with the song \"Só Adeus\" (composed by Jair Amorim and Evaldo Gouveia). Thereafter, Clara Nunes began singing at Rádio Inconfidência in Belo Horizonte. For three consecutive years she was named the best radio singer of Minas Gerais. She also began to perform as a crooner in nightclubs and bars in the state capital, later working with then bassist Milton Nascimento, then known as Bituca. At that time, she made her first appearance on television, performing on Hebe Camargo's show in Belo Horizonte. In 1963, Clara Nunes got her own TV show on Belo Horizonte's Itacolomi channel, titled \"Clara Nunes Presents\". In the program, which aired for a year and a half, she received famous artists such as Altemar Dutra and Ângela Maria as guests. Following the end of her TV show, in 1965, Clara moved to the Copacabana neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro to pursue a national career as singer. After a few LPs featuring assorted styles, she became a samba vocalist in the 1970s and became well known. In 1974, Clara had a hit with the samba \"\"Conto de Areia\"\" and her album sold approximately 300,000 copies. It was a remarkable achievement which helped to overturn the idea that women were unable to become big record sellers (in Brazil) and thereby stimulated other companies to invest in other female samba musicians, such as Alcione and Beth Carvalho. In 1975, she toured Europe. The following albums transformed her into one of the \"\"three samba queens\"\" of her time, along with the two above-mentioned musicians. In the second half of the decade, she released one album every year, all of them selling well and featuring historic tracks such as \"\"Juízo Final\"\", \"\"Coração Leviano\"\" and \"\"Morena de Angola\"\". Other hits were \"\"Você Passa e Eu Acho Graça\"\", \"\"Ê Baiana\"\", \"\"Ilu Ayê - Terra da Vida\"\", \"\"Tristeza, Pé no Chão\"\", \"\"A Deusa dos Orixás\"\", \"\"Macunaíma\"\", \"\"O Mar Serenou\"\", \"\"As Forças da Natureza\"\", \"\"Guerreira\"\", \"\"Feira de Mangaio\"\", \"\"Portela na Avenida\"\" and \"\"Nação\"\". Clara was also famous for songs crafted from the rhythms of Umbanda, her Afro-Brazilian religion, and for her typical costumes, as she always dressed in white and wore lots of necklaces and African beads. On March 5, 1983, Clara Nunes underwent a seemingly simple surgery to treat varicose veins, but ended up having an allergic reaction to one of the components of the anesthetic. Clara suffered a cardiac arrest and remained hospitalized for 28 days in Clínica São Vicente's Intensive Care Unit. Meanwhile, the singer was the victim of a series of speculations that circulated in the media over her hospital admission, including \"artificial insemination, abortion, suicide attempt, and spousal abuse by her husband\". A similar episode occurred after the death of her friend, singer Elis Regina, in the previous year. In the morning of April 2, 1983 – a Holy Saturday – Clara Nunes was officially declared dead, at the age of 40, victim of an anaphylactic shock. The inquiry opened by the Regional Medical Council of Rio de Janeiro to investigate whether there was medical negligence in the case was filed, which would increase speculation about her cause of death. The singer's funeral was attended by more than 50,000 people in the court of the . Her burial at Cemitério São João Batista was accompanied by a crowd of fans and friends. In her honor, the street in Oswaldo Cruz where Portela is located was named after her. Clara Nunes Clara Nunes (, August 12, 1942 – April 2, 1983) was a Brazilian samba and MPB singer, considered one of the greatest of her generation. She was the first female singer in Brazil to sell over 100,000 copies of a record, with \"Tristeza Pé No Chão\" and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Makerere College School Makerere College School is a mixed, middle (S1–S4) and high (S5–S6) school in Uganda. It is predominantly a day-school, but it does have limited boarding facilities and a two campus model with itd new campus opening in 2015 at Mulawa kira on the outskirts of Kampala.. The school campus is located within the confines of the main campus of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest university. The school occupies the southwestern corner of the university campus and is bordered by the university's School of Education to the north, the School of Fine Art to the east, Makerere Hill Road to the south, the 'lUniversity Main Sports Grounds to the west, and Mary Stuart Hall to the northwest. This location is approximately northwest of the central business district of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. The coordinates of Makerere College School are 0° 19' 40.80\"N, +32° 34' 1.20\"E (Latitude:0.328000; Longitude:32.567000). Makerere College School is listed among Africa's top 100 schools and shares fame with other traditional schools such as Mengo Senior School, Namilyango College, Gayaza High School, Rainbow International School and Lincoln International to mention a few. Makerere College School has over the years produced some of best candidates in Kampala District in the national O and A level examinations. In 2010, the school was ranked among the ten best middle schools (O Level), based on analysis of S4 results for the ten years from 2000 to 2009. Makerere College School Makerere College School is a mixed, middle (S1–S4) and high (S5–S6) school in Uganda. It is predominantly a day-school, but it does have limited boarding facilities and a two campus model with itd new campus opening in 2015 at Mulawa kira on the outskirts of Kampala.. The school campus is located within the confines of the main campus of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Harold Holden Harold Herbert Holden RWS, ARCA (Lond.) (7 December 1885 – 19 April 1977) was an English artist from Birmingham, active in the mid-20th century. He was principal of the Leeds School of Art, then in the late 1920s and 1930s, of Birmingham School of Art. He was president of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists (RBSA), 1954–1955, a member of the Royal Watercolour Society and an Associate of the Royal College of Arts. By September 1964, he was living in Westbury-on-Trym, and was made an Honorary member of the RBSA. His pupils included Percy Shakespeare and Norman Neasom. Two of his works are in the RBSA permanent collection. Harold Holden Harold Herbert Holden RWS, ARCA (Lond.) (7 December 1885 – 19 April 1977) was an English artist from Birmingham, active in the mid-20th century. He was principal of the Leeds School of Art, then in the late 1920s and 1930s, of Birmingham School of Art. He was president of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists (RBSA), 1954–1955, a member of the Royal Watercolour Society and an Associate of the Royal College of Arts. By September 1964, he was living in Westbury-on-Trym, and was made an Honorary member of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina The United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) was an international organization formed under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1035 on 21 December 1995. It completed its mandate on 31 December 2002, when it was succeeded by the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From the UNIMBH website: UNMIBH was headed by a Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) appointed by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. The SRSG exercised authority over the UN’s IPTF Police Commissioner and coordinated other United Nations activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main components of UNMIBH were: IPTF (International Police Task Force); the Criminal Justice Advisory Unit; a Civil Affairs Unit; and a Human Rights Office. The Mission had a nation-wide presence with regional headquarters in Banja Luka, Bihac, Doboj, Mostar, Sarajevo, Tuzla and a district headquarters in Brcko. United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina The United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) was an international organization formed under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1035 on 21 December 1995. It completed its mandate on 31 December 2002, when it was succeeded by the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Saudi Hawks The Saudi Hawks ( Aṣ-Ṣuqūr as-Saʿūdīyah) are a BAE Hawk-equipped Royal Saudi Air Force aerobatic team. On June 6, 1998, at King Abdulaziz Air Base (Dhahran), No. 88 Squadron was created by Gen. Abdulaziz Henaidy, the Royal Saudi Air Force's chief of staff, who is backed by Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz (Minister of Defense and Aviation). The squadron is known as the \"Saudi Hawks Aerobatic Team.\" Flying BAE Hawk Mk.65 and 65A jet trainers, it is the Royal Saudi Air Force's (RSAF) official demonstration team. The Hawks debuted in January 1999 at Riyadh, the Saudi kingdom's capital, as part of Saudi Arabia's 100th anniversary celebrations. Six smoke-capable BAE Hawk Mk.65A and three Mk.65s-all modified by BAE Systems are assigned to the team and now wear the team's striking green and white demonstration colors. In February 2000, the Hawks first appeared outside their homeland-in Bahrain, flying out of Dhahran. Soon afterward, the team and the various RSAF Hawk squadrons moved to King Faisal Air Base (Tabuk) in northwestern Saudi Arabia. The team draws comparison with the RAF Red Arrows due to the similar aircraft. There are tangible links as ex-Red Arrows personnel have been involved in training the team. From June 2002, the team toured the kingdom for four months and performed at civil and military shows. The team performed its first ever display in Europe at the Air Power 2011 in Zeltweg. In July 2011, they displayed in the UK for the first time. The display was cancelled on the first day of the Royal International Air Tattoo at RAF Fairford due to bad weather, but they flew a rolling display the following day. In June 2014, they displayed in the Kavala AirSea Show which was held in Kavala, Greece. In January 2018, they displayed in the Kuwait Air Show, Kuwait. Saudi Hawks The Saudi Hawks ( Aṣ-Ṣuqūr as-Saʿūdīyah) are a BAE Hawk-equipped Royal Saudi Air Force aerobatic team. On June 6, 1998, at King Abdulaziz Air Base (Dhahran), No. 88 Squadron was created by Gen. Abdulaziz Henaidy, the Royal Saudi Air Force's chief of staff, who is backed by Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz (Minister of Defense and Aviation). The squadron is known as the \"Saudi Hawks Aerobatic Team.\" Flying BAE Hawk Mk.65 and 65A jet trainers, it is the Royal Saudi Air Force's (RSAF) official demonstration team. The Hawks debuted in January 1999 at Riyadh, the Saudi" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Super Bubble Pop Super Bubble Pop is a puzzle video game released in 2002 by Runecraft. The Player is able to choose from 5 DJ poppers, including 2 unlockable ones, along with 4 grooving soundtracks. They are faced with rows of advancing bubbles of different colors. They can launch bubbles of their own. The idea is to create a row, column or stack of 3 or more bubbles. When that happens, they will pop. Each character has their own favorite bubble color and when they pop them, color energy is transferred to their special jar. Once the jar is full, the player can unleash their super special attack. During the puzzles, the player is also provided with nine different special attacks that they can obtain by getting special bubbles. The current special attack the player has is displayed on a wheel called the Torus. The game consists of 3 different 1 player difficulty modes along with a training mode, each having 50 levels of bubble popping puzzles and a 2 player mode that allows a player to compete for the higher score against a friend. Each level is allowed to be won by popping all of the bubbles or by collecting a certain amount of Level Stars. Super Bubble Pop Super Bubble Pop is a puzzle video game released in 2002 by Runecraft. The Player is able to choose from 5 DJ poppers, including 2 unlockable ones, along with 4 grooving soundtracks. They are faced with rows of advancing bubbles of different colors. They can launch bubbles of their own. The idea is to create a row, column or stack of 3 or more bubbles. When that happens, they will pop. Each character has their own favorite bubble color and when they pop them, color energy is transferred to their" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Karmic Power Records Karmic Power Records was founded 2013 in New York and experienced its first success with its second release, House Of Virus & Marshall Jefferson feat Soliaris \"Believe In Love\". In 2015 the cooperation of Lenny Fontana and D-Train released \"Raise Your Hands\" which was huge success for the Karmic Power Record label with UK Music Week Club Chart #3 and Yearly World End Chart #14. 2016 brings huge success once again for Lenny Fontana & D-Train \"When You Feel What Love Has\" immediately scoring top position of #31 in Nielsen BDS Indicator Radio Chart.The song achieved Mediabase play with many major market radio stations adding to CHR, Urban AC, and Top 40 Daytime Radio Rotation. Making \"When You Feel What Love Has\" into a pop record. #1 major market radio station 107.5 WBLS in New York City adds record to its daytime rotation playlist. In May 2017, the track debuted and was added to the stadium playlist of The New York Yankees Karmic Power Records in 2017 has over 200 releases and worked with artists such as Marshall Jefferson, Eddie Amador, D-Train, Alison Limerick, Todd Terry, David Morales, Phats & Small, Terrence Parker, ATFC, DJ PP, Ridney, Funkerman, Richard Grey, John Morales, My Digital Enemy and many more. Odyssey Records was founded in 2000. Housebugs Records was founded in 2016. Singles (selection) Karmic Power Records Karmic Power Records was founded 2013 in New York and experienced its first success with its second release, House Of Virus & Marshall Jefferson feat Soliaris \"Believe In Love\". In 2015 the cooperation of Lenny Fontana and D-Train released \"Raise Your Hands\" which was huge success for the Karmic Power Record label with UK Music Week Club Chart #3 and Yearly World End Chart #14. 2016 brings huge success once again for" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Geneva Seal The Geneva Seal (English), Poinçon de Genève (French), or Genfer Siegel (German) is the official seal of the City and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. When a variation of the official seal is applied to wristwatch movements, the Geneva Seal is the quality seal of the Watchmaking School of Geneva and it has an official purpose as defined by the law. The term is often mistakenly translated from the French as the \"Geneva hallmark\", as the word means \"punch\" and is the word used for hallmark. However, a hallmark is an official mark attesting to the fineness of a precious metal object. In this context the German translation of hallmark, which is \"stempel\" or \"stamp\" may be helpful to foster an understanding of and distinguish the terms. The motif of the Geneva Seal is the seal of the Canton of Geneva. This becomes evident when one translates its name from the German. As the reader may recall the official languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian and Romantch (used in that order). But this issue about the translation is still a matter of debate because the term used by Timelab is the \"Hallmark of Geneva\". (Timelab is an organization which is composed of a centre for certifications (Hallmark of Geneva, COSC, Sport time-keeping) and a centre for Research and Development.) The Geneva seal in horology (watches), is a certification reserved for wrist watch movements made in the City or Canton of Geneva. Although it is concerned mainly with the finishing and decoration of the watch movement, it is considered a high accolade in the industry. Precision testing, though not mandatory, is an option in the inspection process. The Geneva Seal is the quality and Canton of Geneva. It is a certification reserved for wrist and pocket watch movements made in the City or Canton of Geneva. Although it is concerned mainly with the finishing and decoration of the watch movement, it is considered a high accolade in the industry. Precision testing, however, is an option in the inspection process. Among the Geneva watchmakers who regularly submit their movements for the Geneva Seal certification are: Cartier, Chopard, Roger Dubuis, Vacheron & Constantin, Louis Vuitton and Ateliers deMonaco. This quality seal has been authorized since the enactment of the enabling regulation in 1886. Pursuant to the law only watches may carry the seal. The seal is concerned with the quality and finishing of the watch movement, however, it does not address the precision of the timekeeping mechanism. The seal is awarded to watches only after an \"official examination\" to discern whether the watch movement possesses all the required characteristics required for the accolade. The characteristics require, at a minimum, that the watch was made in or made on commission by a qualified Genevoise craftsman from the City or Canton of Geneva. A somewhat similar certification, the \"Qualité Fleurier\" or Fleurier Quality, which was begun on June 5, 2001, includes precision testing. Participants in this certification process include: Bovet Fleurier, Chopard, Parmigiani Fleurier and Vaucher Manufacture Fleurier. There are actually two pieces of legislation concerning the Geneva seal. The first is entitled \"Loi sur le contrôle facultatif des montres\" (law on the voluntary inspection of watches [from Geneva]). This is the enabling statute. The second piece of legislation is entitled \"Règlement sur le contrôle facultatif des montres de Genève\" (Regulations for the Voluntary Inspection of Watches from Geneva); these are the regulations setting out the criteria for the award of the seal. These laws have undergone revisions since their initial enactments. The latest revisions were in January 1994. The methodology of the voluntary inspection requires that the watches are submitted to the Geneva Watchmaking School. The \"Office for the Voluntary Inspection of Watches from Geneva\" has, as a matter of law, been located at the school since the inception of the seal. In order to avoid the appearance of impropriety the inspectors must be Swiss citizens, must take an oath to discharge the duties of their office with fidelity and must not have any conflicts of interest, i.e.: they must not trade in watches. These obligations on the inspectors serve to warrant the proper conduct of the inspections and the awarding of the seals. The original enabling statute, \"Loi sur le contrôle facultatif des montres\" (Law on the Voluntary Control of Watches), was enacted on November 6, 1886, and was amended on May 27, 1891, November 15, 1958, and December 9, 1959. It established, in the canton of Geneva, an office for the voluntary inspection of the watches from Geneva at the School of Horology to examine and mark watch movements. In general, the watches may be marked if following an examination, they are recognized to have all qualities of good workmanship likely to ensure a uniform rate and durability and whose work, at a minimum was done on commission by workmen living the canton of Geneva. The actual regulations, requirements or criteria are contained in another piece of legislation. These regulation contain the 12 criteria required for a movement to obtain the seal. In the text of the regulation, dated December 22, 1993, effective January 6, 1994, the requirements or specifications are set forth. Only mechanical watch works which were assembled and regulated in the city or canton of Geneva may be submitted; the manufacturer must certify this fact. There are twelve (12) criteria for the quality of all components and their finishing. The workmanship of all of the movement's components, including those of complications must meet the requirements of the office of optional inspection. Only upon fulfillment of all the criteria may the watch receive the seal. December 22, 1993 (effective January 6, 1994) Rules on the Voluntary Inspection of Watches from Geneva The COUNCIL of STATE of the Republic and canton of Geneva, considering the law of November 6, 1886, instituting in the canton an office of voluntary control of the watches from Geneva; considering its regulation of this day concerning the organization of the office of voluntary control of the watches of Geneva, decrees: 1 The mechanical movements of watches constructed in accordance with the best practices of the watch industry and whose construction is in conformity with the directions given to the controller to set the minimum level required for good workmanship are punched. 2 It is required that the assembly and adjustment are carried out in the canton of Geneva. The guarantee of work carried out is attested by a signed form by the submitter or manufacturers. This form must accompany the movements presented for inspection. 3 movements carrying the punch of Geneva must be numbered. The superintendents assist the inspector in the case of dubious watches presented for inspection 1 the good workmanship of all the parts of the caliber, including those of the additional mechanisms, must be in conformity with the requirements of the office of voluntary inspection of the watches from Geneva. Steel parts must have polished angles and their visible surfaces smoothed down. Screw heads must be polished, with their slots and rims chamfered. 2 The entire movement must jeweled with ruby jewels set in polished holes, including the going train and escape wheel. On the bridge side, the jewels must be olive-drilled with polished sinks. The jewel of the center wheel on the main plate is not required. 3 The hairspring should be pinned in a grooved plate with a stud having a rounded collar and cap. Mobile studs are permitted. 4 Split or fitted indexes are allowed with a holding system except in extra-thin calibers where the holding system is not required. 5 regulating systems with balance with radius of variable gyration are allowed insofar as they meet the conditions of article 3, subparagraph 1. 6 The wheels of the going train must be chamfered above and below and have a polished sink.", "polished, with their slots and rims chamfered. 2 The entire movement must jeweled with ruby jewels set in polished holes, including the going train and escape wheel. On the bridge side, the jewels must be olive-drilled with polished sinks. The jewel of the center wheel on the main plate is not required. 3 The hairspring should be pinned in a grooved plate with a stud having a rounded collar and cap. Mobile studs are permitted. 4 Split or fitted indexes are allowed with a holding system except in extra-thin calibers where the holding system is not required. 5 regulating systems with balance with radius of variable gyration are allowed insofar as they meet the conditions of article 3, subparagraph 1. 6 The wheels of the going train must be chamfered above and below and have a polished sink. In wheels 0.15 mm thick or less, a single chamfer is allowed on the bridge side. 7 In wheel assemblies, the pivot shanks and the faces of the pinion leaves must be polished. 8 The escape wheel has to be light, not more than 0.16 mm thick in large calibers and 0.13 mm in calibers under 18 mm, and its locking-faces must be polished. 9 The angle traversed by the pallet lever is to be limited by fixed banking walls and not pins or studs. 10 shock protected movements are accepted. 11 the ratchet and crown wheels must be finished in accordance with registered patterns. 12 wire springs are not allowed. The controller and his agents are only in charge of punching. They must comply to the decisions of the oversight commission. 1 the punch is affixed on the mainplate and one of the bridges, except if that is a technical impossibility. The site can vary according to the caliber. 2 By exception, it can be affixed on a finished movement. 1 At the request of the manufacturer, a rate bulletin can be obtained in complement to the Geneva seal. 2 criteria of obtaining a rate bulletin are defined according to the NIHS standard 95-11 ( a/k/a ISO 3159) for chronometers. 3 These bulletins are obtained through the Geneva office of COSC. The watches having successfully undergone the rate tests can claim the title chronometer. The regulations on the voluntary inspection of watches from Geneva, of April 5, 1957, is repealed. Apart from the Geneva Seal, some watches carry the name \"Geneva\" or \"Genève\" on their dials. The use of the name Geneva on a watch dial is governed by the \"Bureau de contrôle des Montres de Genève\". To wear this badge, a watch must be a Swiss watch and at least one of the major operations in fabrication— either assembly of the movement or insertion of the movement into the case— must have been performed in the Swiss canton of Genève so that at least 50% of the total cost of production is incurred there. Geneva Seal The Geneva Seal (English), Poinçon de Genève (French), or Genfer Siegel (German) is the official seal of the City and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. When a variation of the official seal is applied to wristwatch movements, the Geneva Seal is the quality seal of the Watchmaking School of Geneva" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Kissimmee Cobras The Kissimmee Cobras were a Florida State League baseball team based in Kissimmee, Florida that played from 1995 to 2000. They were affiliated with the Houston Astros and played their home games at Osceola County Stadium. Prior to 1995, the team was known as the Osceola Astros from 1985 to 1994. In 1985, the Astros drew 38,082 fans - seventh most in the 11 team league. Under manager Dave Cripe, they went 77-58, winning the Central Division of the Florida State League. They lost in the playoffs two games to one to the Fort Lauderdale Yankees. During the season, they outscored opponents 625-536. Standout performers on the 1985 team include Rob Mallicoat, who went 16-6 with a 1.36 ERA and 158 strikeouts in 179 innings of work. He gave up only 119 hits. Closer Mark Baker led the league with 24 saves. The Astros finished 10th in the 12 team league in attendance, drawing 36,135 fans. Under manager Tom Wiedenbauer, they went only 59-78, 26 games out of first place. They were outscored 623-567. Some standout performers include John Fishel, who hit .269 with 82 runs, 83 RBI and 36 doubles - which led the team. Dody Rather went 12-9 with a 3.21 ERA, and Blaise Ilsley went 8-4 with a 1.77 ERA. Under new manager Ken Bolek, the Astros went 80-59 in 1987, winning the Central Division. Again, they lost to Fort Lauderdale in the playoffs, this time three games to one. They drew 38,068 fans, which was ninth most in the 14 team league, and they outscored opponents 662-488. Standout performers include Jose Cano, who went 15-3 with a 1.94 ERA. Jose Vargas went 11-8 with a 2.33 ERA, and Don Dunster went 7-4 with a 2.50 ERA. Brian Meyer saved 25 games and had a 1.99 ERA. Their hottest hitter was Calvin James, who had a .319 batting average. In 1988, the Astros went 44-26 in the first half and 39-28 in the second half. Not surprisingly, they had a new manager - Keith Bodie. They lost in the league championship game to the St. Lucie Mets. They drew 44,023 fans - 10th most in the 14 team league - and outscored opponents 622-495. A speedy team, they set a Florida State League record with 360 stolen bases as a team. Speedsters on the team include Lou Frazier, who stole 87 bases (and led the league in that category), Karl Rhodes, who stole 65 bases, Bert Hunter, who stole 54 bases and Trenidad Hubbard, who stole 44 bases. Pitcher Pedro DeLeon went 14-5 with a 2.44 ERA, providing a solid pitching performance. They went 72-65 under new manager Rick Sweet in 1989. They drew 53,586 fans - eighth most in the 14 team league - and they outscored opponents 587-557. Standout performers include Wally Trice, who went 16-4 with a 2.57 ERA and Andy Mota, who hit .319 with 28 stolen bases. From 1990 to 1992, they were managed by Sal Butera. They went 72-66 in 1990, drawing 46,421 fans - finishing 10th in the league in that category. They outscored opponents 603-576. Standout performers include Kenny Lofton, who hit .331 with 62 stolen bases and a league leading 159 hits, Jeff Juden, who went 10-1 with a 2.27 ERA and Gabriel Rodriguez, who went 12-5 with ten saves and a 1.68 ERA. In 1991, they went 64-63, drawing 48,341 fans and outscoring the opposition, 484-455. Top performers include John Massarelli, who hit .309, while Carl Grovom had a 1.51 ERA, Brian Griffiths went 4-3, 1.92, Ed Ponte went 7-6 with 10 saves, a 1.78 ERA while allowing only 43 hits in 76 innings pitched, Mark Small went 3-0, with 2 saves and a 1.61 ERA and Donne Wall went 6-3 with a 2.09 ERA. They went 72-62 in 1992. They made the playoffs, but lost to the Baseball City Royals in the semifinals. They outscored opponents 602-591, and they drew 49,857 fans. Standout performers include James Mouton, who led the league with 51 stolen bases, Sam Wood who hit .320 as a catcher and Chris Hill, who went 16-7 with a 2.93 ERA. Sal Butera was replaced by Tim Tolman, who would serve as their manager until their final season in 1994. They went only 56-74, being outscored 621-503. Standout performers were Bobby Abreu, who led the league in triples, and Dennis Colon, who hit .316. 1994 was the teams final season as the Osceola Astros. They went only 46-89, finishing last in the division and 35.5 games out of first place. They were outscored 691-506. They lacked any real standout performers, although Melvin Mora did hit .282 with 24 stolen bases. They were renamed the Kissimmee Cobras following the season. Cobra managers included Dave Engle (1995), Alan Ashby (1996), John Tamargo (1997) and Manny Acta (1998-2000). Major league All-Stars Lance Berkman, Morgan Ensberg, Freddy Garcia, Brad Lidge and Roy Oswalt played for the team. In 1999, the club won the Florida State League title. Kissimmee Cobras The Kissimmee Cobras were a Florida State League baseball team based in Kissimmee, Florida that played from 1995 to 2000. They were affiliated with the Houston Astros and played their home games at Osceola County Stadium. Prior to 1995, the team was known as the Osceola Astros from 1985 to 1994. In 1985, the Astros drew 38,082 fans - seventh most in the 11 team league. Under" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "1943–44 AHL season The 1943–44 AHL season was the eighth season of the American Hockey League. Six teams played in a 54 game schedule. The Cleveland Barons won the F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy as the Western Division champions, while the Buffalo Bisons won their second consecutive Calder Cup. \"Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points; The final two regular season games between Providence and Pittsburgh had no effect in the standings, and were cancelled. \"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes\" 1943–44 AHL season The 1943–44 AHL season was the eighth season of the American Hockey League. Six teams played in a 54 game schedule. The Cleveland Barons won the F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy as the Western Division champions, while the Buffalo Bisons won their second consecutive Calder Cup. \"Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points; The final two regular season games between Providence and Pittsburgh had no effect in the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Edmund Pike Graves Edmund Pike Graves (March 13, 1891 – November 22, 1919) was an American aviator, Royal Flying Corps and Polish Air Force officer, the latter as a member of the Polish 7th Air Escadrille \"Kościuszko Squadron\", who served as an instructor and a fighter pilot during World War I and the Polish-Soviet War. Edmund Pike Graves was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States, to Edmund Pike and Mary Warner (Caldwell) Graves. He graduated from the Middlesex School in Concord, Massachusetts, Class of 1907 and from Harvard University, Class of 1913. On July 9, 1917, Graves enlisted as a cadet in the Royal Flying Corps in Canada to avoid a delay in getting into a US Army's flying program. He was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant on October 29, 1917. Later, he was assigned as an instructor in aerial gunnery at the United States Army Air Service training facility at Camp Taliaferro, Hicks Field, Fort Worth, Texas. While station at Hicks Field, he became one of the first pilots to execute elaborate stunts in a Curtiss airplane. In early spring, 1918 he was transferred to the Officers' School of Special Flying at Armour Heights, Toronto, Ontario where he was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in May, 1918. After spending most of his time during the war serving in Canada and stateside, Graves was finally posted overseas and arrived in France on November 5, 1918 just a few days before the signing of the Armistice agreement, which ended the war. After being demobilized from the Canadian RFC in July, 1919, he volunteered for the Kościuszko Squadron in the newly established Polish Air Force on October 12, 1919, and flew Albatross aircraft based out of the Lewandówka airfield in Lwów, on patrols and scouting missions, over the front lines during the Polish-Soviet war. He was considered an excellent pilot, but known for his risky flying. Merian C. Cooper, another American member of the Kosciuszko Squadron (and later famous film director) described him in his book as follows: Lieutenant Graves took off into the sky. I remember it like it was yesterday. He accelerated the aircraft to an insane speed on the ground and then began to make a circle. Circling in this way he was making smaller and smaller circles until the lower wing of his plane was almost touching the ground. After finishing the circle he took off and made the most difficult and the best air show I have ever seen. Other members of the squadron pointed out his bravado and unnecessary risk associated with his airplane acrobatics, among them their commander, Cedric Fauntleroy. Merian Cooper himself wrote in his book, \"He was undeniably the best pilot of us\". On November 22, 1919, the Polish inhabitants of Lwów celebrated the first anniversary of their successful defense of the city. On this occasion, four pilots of the Kosciuszko Squadron participated in an air show. One of them was Edmund Graves. Unfortunately, while performing acrobatics over the city in an Albatros D.III fighter, he had an accident: his aircraft lost its right wing during a double roll at . Merian Cooper described it as follows: Graves was circling over the city, showing off his aviatic art, but was circling too low. Being over Potocki Palace, at an altitude of two hundred feet, he performed a so-called “doube barrel”. This is one of the most difficult maneuvers acrobatic pilots do. Aircraft was too weak for such performances; right wing of the airplane broke up and fell to the ground. Graves never lost his presence of mind in danger. In the blink of an eye he could still grab a parachute and jump out of the falling machine. However, he was too low - the parachute failed to open and unfortunate Graves fell on his head and was killed instantly. The funeral of Lieutenant Edmund Graves was held on November 24, 1919, and given high honors by the Polish government. The procession was attended by thousands of people, included military attachés form the French Military Mission to Poland. He is buried in Lwów in the Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów (a part of Lyczakowski Cemetery), he was posthumously awarded the Cross of Valour. Edmund Pike Graves Edmund Pike Graves (March 13, 1891 – November 22, 1919) was an American aviator, Royal Flying Corps and Polish Air Force officer, the latter as a member of the Polish 7th Air Escadrille \"Kościuszko Squadron\", who served as an instructor and a fighter pilot during World War I and the Polish-Soviet War. Edmund Pike Graves was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States, to Edmund Pike and Mary Warner (Caldwell) Graves. He graduated from the Middlesex School in Concord, Massachusetts, Class of 1907 and from Harvard University, Class of 1913. On July 9, 1917, Graves enlisted as a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Abel G. Cadwallader Abel G. Cadwallader (1841 – July 6, 1907) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Hatcher's Run. Born in 1841 in Baltimore, Maryland, Cadwallader was living in Frederick, Maryland when he enlisted in the Army in May 1861. He served as a corporal in Company H of the 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. During the Battle of Hatcher's Run in Virginia on February 6, 1865, Cadwallader \"[g]allantly planted the colors on the enemy's works in advance of the arrival of his regiment.\" For this action, he was issued the Medal of Honor several decades later, on January 5, 1897. Cadwallader reached the rank of sergeant before leaving the army in July 1865. He died on July 6, 1907, and was buried at Loudon Park Cemetery in Baltimore. Abel G. Cadwallader Abel G. Cadwallader (1841 – July 6, 1907) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Hatcher's Run. Born in 1841 in Baltimore, Maryland, Cadwallader was" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Inside Severn Valley Railway Inside Severn Valley Railway is a six-part series, scheduled to air in 2015 on Channel 7 throughout the United Kingdom, including Big Centre TV in the Midlands or Channel 159 on Virgin Media. It follows train enthusiast and Severn Valley volunteer Nick Wright, as he takes viewers on a journey across all six stations of the Severn Valley, meeting staff, volunteers and patrons alike, whilst also providing technical knowledge and humorous anecdotes about just what it takes to work on the railway, and how much really does go on behind-the-scenes. Each episode tackles a different aspect of the railway, from the role of the signalman, to the driver, to the staff that keep the on-site museums alive, Inside Severn Valley Railway pulls back the curtain on a British institution, and allows viewers to meet all the wonderful characters that keep those trains on time, and keep that platform going. Inside Severn Valley Railway was produced by Studio Vega Myst Ltd. Inside Severn Valley Railway Inside Severn Valley Railway is a six-part series, scheduled to air in 2015 on Channel 7 throughout the United Kingdom, including Big Centre TV in the Midlands or Channel 159 on Virgin" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches The Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches (FEBC) is a small evangelical Christian denomination with an Anabaptist Mennonite heritage. Most of the denomination's approximately 5000 members are in congregations located in the U.S. and Canada. The Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches was founded at Mountain Lake, Minnesota on October 14, 1889 as the \" (Conference of United Mennonite Brethren in North America). This body originated among Russian Mennonite immigrants that came to Canada and the United States from Russia around 1874. Their desire was to place greater evangelical emphasis on such doctrines as repentance, conversion, scriptural discipline and non-conformity to the world. Instrumental in the founding of the conference were Elder Isaac Peters of the Ebenezer Church in Henderson, Nebraska and Elder Aaron Wall, founder of the Brudertaler Church in Mountain Lake. For many years member congregations used the name \"Brudertaler,\" (or Bruderthaler) probably under the influence of the Mountain Lake founding church, and the conference itself was popularly called the Brudertaler (Bruderthaler) Conference. In 1914 the name was officially changed to The Defenceless Mennonite Brethren in Christ of North America. In 1937 the name was formally changed to Evangelical Mennonite Brethren (EMB). In 1956, the conference's headquarters were moved to Omaha, Nebraska from Mountain Lake, Minnesota. The Evangelical Mennonite Brethren and the Evangelical Mennonite Church began talks of merger in 1953, but the effort ended without success in 1962. In this period, the Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Conference was also strengthening ties with the \" (Evangelical Mennonite Brethren of South America). These South American brethren shared similar background, language, doctrine, and practice. Affiliation was accomplished in 1958, with the South American group being made a district of the general conference, but with self-government. Until 1983, the conference officially held the Mennonite position of non-resistance and not bearing arms in war. Since that year, the constitution, while maintaining the official position, has also recognized the individual's right to their own conscience concerning these matters. In the 1980s, a Canadian group which was originally known as the New Covenant Apostolic Order, separated from the EMB church, eventually becoming the Saskatchewan Diocese of the Evangelical Orthodox Church. The Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Conference changed its name to the Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches on July 16, 1987. At that time the conference consisted of 36 congregations with a membership of 4583 (of which 1981 members in 20 congregations were in Canada and 423 members were in South America). The Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches holds an orthodox Trinitarian theology, the infallible inspiration of the Scriptures, and is dispensational premillennial in eschatology. The body recognizes two ordinances — baptism and the Lord's supper. They practice water baptism of believers by immersion, but will recognize as valid other modes when administered by others, or when immersion is impossible due to a medical condition. Open communion is observed with bread and fruit of the vine. The Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches exists to increase fellowship between member congregations, promote evangelism and missions, and represent the congregations through membership in boards and organizations outside the FEBC. In 2003 the FEBC in North America had 3620 members (Canada - 2170; USA - 1450) in 36 congregations (Canada - 20; USA - 16), as well as 5 churches in Argentina and Paraguay. \"The Fellowship Focus\" is a bi-monthly magazine published by the FEBC. The conference headquarters are located in Omaha, Nebraska, having been moved there from Mountain Lake, Minnesota in 1956. They hold membership in the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada (org. 1964), the National Association of Evangelicals (USA, org. 1942) and the Mennonite World Conference. In 2013, there were 44 congregations included on the FEBC rolls. Most of the churches were in the U.S. and Canada, with one being in Paraguay. Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches The Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches (FEBC) is a small evangelical Christian denomination with an Anabaptist Mennonite heritage. Most of the denomination's approximately 5000 members are in congregations located in the U.S. and Canada. The Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches was founded at Mountain Lake, Minnesota on October 14, 1889 as the \" (Conference of United Mennonite Brethren in North America). This body originated among Russian Mennonite immigrants that came" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "John Neff John B. Neff, CFA, (born 1931) is an American investor, mutual fund manager, and philanthropist. He is notable for his contrarian and value investing styles as well as for heading Vanguard's Windsor Fund. Windsor became the highest returning, and subsequently largest mutual fund in existence during Neff's management—eventually closing to new investors for a period in the 1980s. Neff retired from Vanguard in 1995. During Neff's 31 years, from 1964 to 1995, Windsor returned 13.7% annually versus 10.6% for the S&P 500. John Neff was born in 1931 in Wauseon, Ohio. He went on to attend the University of Toledo and graduated in 1955, \"summa cum laude.\" After attaining his undergraduate degree he went on to work at the National City Bank of Cleveland before attending business school of Case Western Reserve University, graduating in 1958. In 1964, he was asked to join the Wellington Management Co. (a sub-advisor to the Vanguard group of funds). After three years at the company, he was appointed portfolio manager of Windsor, Gemini, and Qualified Dividend funds. He retired in 1995. Neff has referred to his investing style as a low price-to-earnings (P/E) methodology, though others consider Neff a variation of the standard value investor. He is also considered a tactical contrarian investor who placed emphasis on low-tech security analysis, that is, digging into a company and its management and analyzing the books, in contrast to David Dreman, who is more of a statistical contrarian investor. Neff's strategies generated relatively high turnover with an average holding period of three years. One area in which Neff is similar to value investors such as Warren Buffett is in emphasizing ROE (return on equity), stating that it is the single best measure of management effectiveness. However, differing from many value investors, Neff places emphasis on predicting the economy and projecting a company's future earnings. Also, Neff liked to pick stocks where dividend yields were high, in the 4% to 5% range. He published his autobiography, \"John Neff On Investing\"\"\", in 2001. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania named a professorship in their business school after Neff, the John B. Neff Professor of Finance. The University of Toledo College of Business has named the Department of Finance in his honor, the John B. and Lillian E. Neff Department of Finance. This department houses the John B. and Lillian E. Neff Endowed Chair in Finance. John Neff John B. Neff, CFA, (born 1931) is an American investor, mutual fund manager, and philanthropist. He is notable for his contrarian and value investing styles as well as for heading Vanguard's Windsor Fund. Windsor became the highest returning, and subsequently largest mutual fund in existence during Neff's management—eventually closing to new investors for a period in the 1980s. Neff retired from Vanguard in 1995. During Neff's 31 years, from 1964 to 1995, Windsor returned 13.7% annually versus 10.6% for the S&P 500. John Neff was born in 1931 in Wauseon, Ohio. He went on to attend the University" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Thuận Thiên (Nguyễn dynasty empress) Empress Thuận Thiên (, January 4, 1769 – November 6, 1846), born Trần Thị Đang in Văn Xá village, Hương Trà, Thừa Thiên, was the second wife of Emperor Gia Long of Vietnam and mother of Emperor Minh Mạng. Trần Thị Đang was born to Trần Hưng Đạt, a scholar who then served Hanlin Academy under Nguyễn lords, and his first wife, lady Lê Thị Cầm in 1769 at Võ Xá village of Hương Trà district (later renamed to Văn Xá). A daughter from a reputable family, during the 1774 offensive she was chosen as maidservant to Queen Mother Ý Tĩnh - mother of lord Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (later Emperor Gia Long) - who sought asylum in Cửa Tùng. One year later, her father and uncle was seized by Trịnh lord’s army in Quảng Nam. Despite having escaped, they were unable to come back to the South, thus presumed dead for nearly 18 years. In 1779, Đang went South to Gia Định along with Nguyễn Ánh’s sisters following Queen Mother Ý Tĩnh. She became the lord’s concubine (左宮嬪; \"lit. Concubine of the Left\") two years later at the age of 14 and was then commonly called by the title of Nhị phi (二妃; \"lit. Second wife\"). Legend has it that one night in 1788, after Nguyễn Ánh had conquered Gia Định, she dreamt of a deity giving her one brilliant red imperial seal and two common ones. The dream was later regarded by posterity as prophetic and the seals represented her three children, with the imperial seal being her first-born who would ascend to the throne years afterwards. Đang stood by Nguyễn Ánh during the time he was fighting Tây Sơn and went on to have three sons with the Emperor: Nguyễn Phúc Đảm (1791 - 1840; later Emperor Minh Mạng), Nguyễn Phúc Đài (1795 - 1849) and Nguyễn Phúc Chẩn (1803 - 1824). As Minh Mạng took the throne after Gia Long's death, Đang became \"Empress Mother\". Following her grandson Thiệu Trị's accession, Đang was elevated to the title \"Grand Empress Mother Nhân Tuyên Từ Khánh Thượng Thọ\" in 1841. She died in 1846, aged 77, her tomb lies on the right of Gia Long's Lăng Thiên Thọ. She received the title of Empress posthumously. Thuận Thiên (Nguyễn dynasty empress) Empress Thuận Thiên (, January 4, 1769 – November 6, 1846), born Trần Thị" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC) The 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification for the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) selected New Zealand to compete in a two-legged home-and-away playoff against Bahrain, the fifth-place team from the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for a spot in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. (Oceania is the only confederation that does not have an automatic place in the finals.) Its final round was the 2008 OFC Nations Cup. Consequently, New Zealand is also considered the OFC Nations Cup champion, and represented the OFC in the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. This was the first OFC World Cup qualifying campaign since Australia's move from the OFC to the AFC. The first phase began at the 2007 Pacific Games in Samoa, with the football tournament doubling as an OFC World Cup qualifying competition. The gold, silver, and bronze medallists (New Caledonia, Fiji, and Vanuatu, respectively) advanced to the second phase. The three medallists joined seeded side New Zealand in a home-and-away round-robin tournament on FIFA match dates in 2007 and 2008, also acting as the 2008 OFC Nations Cup. There were some confusion as to how the final qualifier for the playoff against an AFC nation would be selected. The FIFA website initially indicated that the top two sides from the round robin would advance to a play-off which would determine the qualifier, but the OFC articles did not include this round (with the round-robin winner advancing automatically). Later FIFA articles confirmed that the round-robin winner would advance automatically. The 2007 South Pacific Games held the first round. The draw was held on 12 June 2007 in Auckland, New Zealand. Tuvalu were not members of FIFA and so would have been unable to qualify for the World Cup had they proceeded to the OFC Nations Cup stage. It was not even clear whether Tuvalu would be eligible to advance that far had they finished in a medal position, as the OFC press release for the second stage draw stated that \"nine eligible member associations battle it out for the gold, silver and bronze medals that will hand them a berth in a Stage Two round robin home and away playoff with New Zealand\" - implying one nation (Tuvalu) would not be eligible. This question was rendered moot, however, as Tuvalu finished last in their table. Papua New Guinea, having initially entered the 2010 World Cup and indicated their intention to enter the South Pacific Games, were involved in a dispute with their sporting authorities and failed to meet the official accreditation deadline for the South Pacific Games. This meant they were effectively disqualified from the World Cup. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Tuvalu were not members of FIFA and so were not eligible to qualify for the World Cup. The three medalists, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Vanuatu, advanced to the 2008 OFC Nations Cup (together with automatic qualifier New Zealand). New Zealand qualified for the play-off with the AFC 5th-placed team, as well as the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in South Africa. The Oceania champion (New Zealand) played the 5th Place team from the Asian qualifiers, Bahrain, in a two-legged play-off; New Zealand beat Bahrain to qualify for the 2010 World Cup. The draw for the order in which the two matches would be played was held on 2 June 2009 during the FIFA Congress in Nassau, the Bahamas. The following team from OFC qualified for the final tournament. There were 150 goals scored over 38 games (including the intercontinental play-off), for an average of 3.95 goals per game. 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC) The 2010 FIFA World Cup" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Peter Chiswell Peter Chiswell (18 February 1934 – 6 December 2013) was a bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia. He was the Bishop of Armidale, in northern New South Wales, from 1976 to 1999. Chiswell was educated at the University of New South Wales and ordained in 1959. He began his ordained ministry as a curate at Quirindi, New South Wales. He then held incumbencies in Bingara and Gunnedah. From 1971 to 1976 he was Archdeacon of Tamworth when he was ordained to the episcopate. He is a dedicated bushwalker and environmentalist. On 15 March 2012 the newly constructed hall at Calrossy Anglican School Boys Campus was named the Bishop Peter Chiswell Hall in recognition of his part in the school's history. Peter Chiswell Peter Chiswell (18 February 1934 – 6 December 2013) was a bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia. He was the Bishop of Armidale, in northern New South Wales, from 1976 to 1999. Chiswell was educated at the University of New South Wales and ordained in 1959. He began his ordained ministry as a curate at Quirindi, New South Wales. He then held incumbencies in Bingara and Gunnedah. From 1971 to 1976 he was Archdeacon" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Michael Bear Michael John Bear (23 February 1934 - 7 April 2000) played first-class cricket as a left-handed batsman for Essex between 1954 and 1968. As a player, he was generally referred to as \"Micky\" or \"Mickey\" Bear. Bear was a pugnacious left-handed batsman who enjoyed his best cricket years as an opening batsman for Essex, though for the first half of his cricket career he batted further down the order. He was also known as an exceptional fielder: he was, his obituary in Wisden noted, \"a pioneer of modern fielding techniques\". It went on: \"In an era when great athletes were still rare in English cricket, he was a stunningly good outfielder, able to move fast and throw flat, hard returns on the full from the furthest boundaries.\" Having played for Essex's second eleven from 1951 and appeared in minor matches for the Royal Air Force while on National Service, Bear made his first-class debut in 1954 against Derbyshire, scoring just one run in an Essex victory in a rain-affected match. He played a few more matches that season and the next for Essex's first team, and then appeared in more than half the side's matches in the 1956 season, making 98 in the match against Kent, but averaging only 17 runs per innings for the season as a whole. Wisden noted in its 1957 edition that Bear's \"splendid fielding did much to help Essex reach a high standard in this department\". Bear was a regular member of the Essex team in 1957, missing just four games through the season, but he scored less than 700 runs and his batting average was still just 17. He did, however, make his maiden first-class century, an innings of 123 in the match against Gloucestershire at Romford, in a game where, according to Wisden, \"seam bowlers held the upper hand most of the time on a rather green pitch\"; no other batsman on either side reached 40 in either innings, and Bear, batting in what was at this stage in his career his accustomed position of No 6 in the order, was the leading contributor enabling Essex to recover from 58 for five to reach a match-winning total of 306 in the first innings. There was progress in terms of both aggregate (913 first-class runs) and average (26 runs per innings) for Bear in 1958, though no further centuries. And the figures were similar in 1959, when he dropped to the second team for some matches. In 1960 and the first half of 1961, he was out of the first eleven as often as he was in it. However, recalled to the side in July 1961 and used as an opener in the match against Kent at Maidstone in the absence of the regular opener Geoff Smith, he hit 95. That set a precedent, and when Smith was injured for the first month of the 1962 season, Bear took his place as Gordon Barker's regular opening partner, and remained as an opening batsman for most of the rest of his first-class career, Smith moving down to No 3 on his return to the side. 1962 was by some distance Bear's most successful so far as a batsman. He made 1613 runs in all matches, and was Essex's leading scorer in County Championship games; his batting average rose to nearly 30 runs per innings. He made two centuries to add to his single previous effort five years earlier. Against Middlesex at Lord's in May he scored 117; and with Smith back in the team, Bear made 107 as an opener against Kent at Romford in early June. The 1962 season set the pattern for Bear for the next few years. In 1963, his season was truncated when he chipped a bone in his ankle while fielding in the match against Worcestershire at Leyton. But he had by then completed his 1000 runs for the season at an average of exactly 30. And in the match against Worcestershire at Worcester earlier in the season, he had improved his highest score, making 132 before he became Jack Flavell's 1000th first-class wicket. In 1964, he improved his highest score again, making 135 against Warwickshire at Ilford with three sixes and 17 fours. He played in every Essex match and hit 1567 runs at an average of 29.56. The following season, though, there was a reversion to Bear's pre-1962 form: he failed to score a century, fell short of 1000 runs and lost his place in the side for a month late in the season. The downturn was temporary. The 1966 season proved to be Bear's best in first-class cricket with 1833 runs and an average of more than 32. He topped the Essex batting averages in what was, admittedly, a lean year for the side, and scored the higher of only two centuries made by Essex batsmen in Championship matches all summer, 105 out of 190 in an unsuccessful run chase in a rain-affected match against Warwickshire at Birmingham. The 1967 season was another poor year for Essex, and though Bear hit his career-highest score, 137 against Glamorgan at Cardiff and another fast century, 124 out of an Essex total of 189 against Warwickshire at Westcliff, he was injured from late July and failed to complete 1000 runs. He returned to the team in 1968, when Essex awarded him a benefit, but lost form across the season and at the end of the year retired from first-class cricket to \"take up a business appointment\". Bear died in Torquay at the age of 66 \"after many years of heart trouble\". Michael Bear Michael John Bear (23 February 1934 - 7 April 2000) played first-class cricket as a left-handed batsman for Essex between 1954 and 1968. As a player, he was generally referred to as \"Micky\" or \"Mickey\" Bear. Bear was a pugnacious left-handed batsman who enjoyed his best cricket years as an opening batsman for Essex, though for the first half of his cricket career he batted" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Elementary (TV series) Elementary is an American procedural drama series that presents a contemporary update of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's character Sherlock Holmes. The series was created by Robert Doherty and stars Jonny Lee Miller as Sherlock Holmes and Lucy Liu as Dr. Joan Watson. The series premiered on CBS on September 27, 2012. The series is set and filmed primarily in New York City. The show follows Holmes, a recovering drug addict and former consultant to Scotland Yard, as he assists the New York City Police Department in solving crimes. His indifference to police procedure often leads to conflict with Captain Thomas Gregson (Aidan Quinn), although the two still remain respectful of one another. He is accompanied by Dr. Joan Watson (Lucy Liu), who initially acts as his sober companion. She is a former surgeon and was hired by Sherlock's father to help him in his rehabilitation. They eventually begin to work together on his cases, and she becomes Holmes' apprentice and then partner. The series also features Holmes' ongoing conflict with his nemesis Jamie Moriarty (Natalie Dormer). Other supporting roles include Jon Michael Hill as Detective Marcus Bell, Rhys Ifans as Sherlock's brother, Mycroft Holmes, and John Noble as Sherlock's father, Morland Holmes. Before the series premiered, it was met with some criticism given it followed closely on the heels of the BBC's modern adaptation \"Sherlock\". After the premiere, it was picked up for a full season and later an extra two episodes. The season two premiere was partly filmed on location in London. The series has since been well received by critics, who have praised the performances, writing, novel approach to the source material, and fresh modern twist detailed throughout the show's New York–based adaptation down to the size of the brownstone first seen in the series premiere. On March 25, 2016, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 2, 2016. On May 13, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a sixth season. On November 29, 2017, CBS ordered an additional eight episodes bringing the sixth season total up to 21. It premiered on April 30, 2018. On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a seventh season. On December 17, 2018, it was announced that the series would conclude after the upcoming seventh season. Following his fall from grace in London and a stint in rehab, a modern Sherlock Holmes relocates to Manhattan, where his wealthy father forces him to live with a sober companion, Dr. Joan Watson. Formerly a successful surgeon until she lost a patient, Watson views her current job as another opportunity to help people. However, Sherlock is nothing like her previous clients. He informs her that none of her expertise as an addiction specialist applies to him and that he has devised his own post-rehab regimen – resuming his work as a police consultant in New York City. Watson has no choice but to accompany her grouchy new charge on his jobs. Over time, Sherlock finds her medical background helpful, and Watson realizes she has a talent for investigation. Sherlock's police contact, Captain Thomas Gregson, knows from previous experience working with Scotland Yard that Sherlock is brilliant at solving cases, and welcomes him as part of the team. The investigative group also includes Detective Marcus Bell, an investigator with sharp intuition and intimidating interrogation skills. Although initially skeptical of Holmes and his unorthodox methods, Bell begins to recognize Sherlock as an asset to their investigations. Writer and producer Robert Doherty created the show. Doherty has commented that it was Carl Beverly who \"initially was the one who brought up the possibility of developing a Sherlock show.\" Beverly spoke about the relationship between Sherlock and Watson in the show in July 2012: Liu was cast by February 2012. That July, she said that Watson is not \"someone who's on the sideline; she's his sober companion, she's engaged in \"him\", not the mystery, [...] From that point on you get to see how that blossoms out. The foot-in-the-bucket and that kind of Watson happens because in entertainment, there's got to be a sidekick. In this case, that's not the direction we're going in. Ask me in six episodes and if I have a foot in a bucket then we'll have a discussion.\" \"Sherlock\", a contemporary reworking of the Sherlock Holmes story, premiered in the UK in July 2010 and in the U.S. in October 2010. The British show has since sold to more than 200 territories. In January 2012, shortly after CBS's announcement they had ordered the pilot for \"Elementary\", \"Sherlock\" producer Sue Vertue told newspaper \"The Independent\" \"we understand that CBS are doing their own version of an updated Sherlock Holmes. It's interesting, as they approached us a while back about remaking our show. At the time, they made great assurances about their integrity, so we have to assume that their modernised Sherlock Holmes doesn't resemble ours in any way, as that would be extremely worrying.\" The following month Vertue said that \"We have been in touch with CBS and informed them that we will be looking at their finished pilot very closely for any infringement of our rights.\" CBS made a statement on the issue: \"Our project is a contemporary take on Sherlock Holmes that will be based on Holmes, Watson and other characters in the public domain, as well as original characters. We are, of course, respectful of all copyright laws and will not infringe on any stories or works that may still be protected.\" Creator Robert Doherty discussed comparisons between \"Sherlock\" and \"Elementary\" the following July, pointing out that a tradition of updated Holmes stories dates back to the Basil Rathbone films of the 1940s, and that he did not think it was the case that \"Elementary\" took anything from \"Sherlock\", which he described as a \"brilliant show\" having watched its first series. Several months later, Lucy Liu confirmed the producers of the UK \"Sherlock\" were shown the pilot, \"saw how different it was from theirs,\" and were \"okay with it now.\" Some interior scenes are shot at Silvercup Studios in Long Island City. Some exterior shots of Sherlock's brownstone are filmed in Harlem which is a stand-in for Brooklyn Heights. Several episodes have been filmed in Whitestone, Queens, most recently on August 11, 2017. The first season was met with positive reviews from critics, who highlighted the show's novel approach to the source material, the writing quality, and the performances and chemistry found between its two leads and supporting cast. Season one holds an 85% approval rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 53 collected reviews, with an average score of 7.4 out of 10. The site's consensus reads: \"It may not appeal to purists, but Elementary provides a fresh new spin on Sherlock Holmes, and Jonny Lee Miller shines in the title role.\" It also holds a Metacritic score of 73 out of 100 based on 29 sampled reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The Guardian's Phelim O'Neill felt that \"Jonny Lee Miller and Lucy Liu make it a double act to rival \"Sherlock\"\" and noted that \"the pacing feels perfect and the details are light: viewers can keep up with the investigation and feel involved, not something every investigative show achieves\". Lori Rackl of \"the Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the pilot episode 3 stars out of 4, and said \"While the latest interpretation doesn't live up to the British import, it's still more entertaining than your typical CBS procedural.\" Hank Stuever of \"The Washington Post\" gave it a B+ and felt that the show \"exhibits enough stylish wit in its mood and look to quickly distinguish itself from the latest British \"Sherlock\" series (seen on PBS)\". Season two was met with equally positive reviews. It holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on eleven reviews, with an average score of 8.3 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, \"With the introduction of Mycroft and Lestrade,", "light: viewers can keep up with the investigation and feel involved, not something every investigative show achieves\". Lori Rackl of \"the Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the pilot episode 3 stars out of 4, and said \"While the latest interpretation doesn't live up to the British import, it's still more entertaining than your typical CBS procedural.\" Hank Stuever of \"The Washington Post\" gave it a B+ and felt that the show \"exhibits enough stylish wit in its mood and look to quickly distinguish itself from the latest British \"Sherlock\" series (seen on PBS)\". Season two was met with equally positive reviews. It holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on eleven reviews, with an average score of 8.3 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, \"With the introduction of Mycroft and Lestrade, Elementary successfully extends into the Sherlock Holmes canon in season two.\" Several critics praised Rhys Ifans for his portrayal of Mycroft Holmes, with Myles McNutt of \"The A.V. Club\" calling his casting choice \"inspired\" and praising him for being able to match with Miller's \"bitterness\" and praising the premiere episode overall - he later went on to offer positive words on Ifans' performance in the finale episodes pertaining to Mycroft's story, despite finding flaws in the overall arc. Noel Kirkpatrick of TV.com also praised Ifans, saying he \"very finely\" played the role. The episode \"The Diabolical Kind\" also attracted wide acclaim, with many singling out the emotional depth and Natalie Dormer's performance as Moriarty. McNutt called Moriarty's presence in both the episode and the series as a whole \"refreshingly dominant\" and also praised the storytelling and dialogue, singling out several bits of witty humor in the episode. The episode has a 9.0 rating on TV.com with Kirkpatrick claiming Dormer was \"having a ball\" playing the role of Moriarty and saying there was \"good stuff\" to be had in her. Kirkpatrick also appreciated the season as a whole for its development of Holmes' character, as well as the performance of the cast. Season three continues \"Elementary\"s trend of a positive critical response. It holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on eleven reviews, with an average score of 8.7 out of 10. IGN praised the evolution of Watson as a character in the show, saying \"While other Holmes/Watson incarnations focus on Watson being a friend, medic, and put-upon backup, Elementary has elevated the character into someone with loftier aspirations.\" Particular praise was given to Ophelia Lovibond for her performance as Sherlock's protege Kitty Winter, with critics feeling she was a welcome addition to the cast. The episode \"The One That Got Away\" garnered critical acclaim for its resolution of Kitty's story, as well as the performances of Miller and Lovibond. The Season 3 finale was met with positive reviews. IGN's Matt Fowler gave the Season finale: \"A Controlled Descent\" an 8.3/10 saying that \"The one-two punch of Sherlock both giving into his anger and his heroin lust was a scorching way to send us out of Season 3\". Season four, like previous seasons, was met with a positive critical response. It holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on ten reviews, with an average score of 7.5 out of 10. IGN's Matt Fowler gave the season 4 premiere episode \"The Past is Parent\" a 7.3/10. He praised Joan and Sherlock's deepening friendship and John Noble's performance as Sherlock's father, but criticized the fact that the episode didn't capitalize off the crisis from the Season 3 finale, saying that \"while there wasn't anything necessarily bad about \"The Past is Parent,\" it just failed to capitalize off the momentum from last season\". In Australia, \"Elementary\" premiered on Network Ten on February 3, 2013. The second season started airing on March 23, 2014. The third season started airing on March 2, 2015. In Canada, it airs simultaneously on Global. In New Zealand, it premiered on Prime on February 27, 2013. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series was acquired by Sky Witness (previously Sky Living), a subscription channel. It debuted on October 23, 2012. The second season premiered on October 22, 2013. The third season began airing on November 11, 2014. Season 1 premiered on free-to-air TV in the UK on Sky-owned channel Pick on February 6, 2017. On February 3, 2013, \"Elementary\" was broadcast after Super Bowl XLVII. The episode drew 20.8 million viewers despite running out of prime time in the Eastern time zone as a result of a game delay. In February 2015, Titan Books published the first official tie-in novel, \"The Ghost Line\" (), written by Adam Christopher. A second novel, also written by Adam Christopher and titled \"Blood and Ink\", was published on April 26, 2016 (). Elementary (TV series) Elementary is an American procedural drama series that presents a contemporary update of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's character" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Jim Rogers (baseball) James F. Rogers (April 9, 1872 – January 21, 1900) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager born in Hartford, Connecticut. He was an infielder for two different Major League Baseball teams, the Washington Senators and the 1896 – Louisville Colonels. Jim began his major league career with the 1896 Washington Senators of the National League, and split time between second base and third, hitting .279, driving in 30 runs, in 38 games played. On July 3 of that year, the Senators traded him, along with Jack Crooks and $1000 to the Louisville Colonels, also of the National League, for John O'Brien. He hit .259 for Louisville that season, splitting his playing time at first base and second base. The following season, his last in the Majors, he began the season as player-manager, but was released on June 16, after 44 games and a 17–24 record. He signed the following day with the Pittsburgh Pirates, but did not play. Rogers died at the age of 27 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and is interred at St. Michael's Cemetery in nearby Stratford. Jim Rogers (baseball) James F. Rogers (April 9, 1872 – January 21, 1900) was an American" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Lussac-Saint-Émilion AOC Lussac-Saint-Émilion is an \"Appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC) for red wine situated in the Bordeaux wine region. The appellation is located on the right bank of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, about from city of Bordeaux or from the medieval village of Saint-Émilion. It is one of the so-called \"Saint-Émilion satellites\" situated around the appellation Saint-Émilion AOC itself. The terroir of Lussac is characterized by the diversity of its soils, distributed between the plateaus, the sides of the hills, and small valleys. To the south-east, the slopes are clayey-limestone, similar in nature to those in the Saint-Emilion appellation. To the west, there is an elevated gravel and sandy-gravel plateau, not very wide, and to the north, cold clayey soil or heavy clay is predominant. To the east, the subsoil consists of limestone beds which made excellent quarries for extracting soft building stone. To the north-west, there are a few stone quarries, as well as ferruginious sand or clay. The grape varieties allowed in Lussac-Saint-Émilion are Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Merlot. Merlot usually dominates the blend. The allowed base yield is 45 hectolitres per hectare. In Lussac, the wine estates are essentially family-properties. The average size of each would be about . A total of are cultivated by 95 independent vineyard owners and are exploited by members of the Puisseguin-Lussac-Saint-Emilion winemaking cooperative. Lussac-Saint-Émilion AOC Lussac-Saint-Émilion is an \"Appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC) for red wine situated in the Bordeaux wine region. The appellation is located on the right bank of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, about from city of Bordeaux or from the medieval village of Saint-Émilion. It is one of the so-called \"Saint-Émilion satellites\" situated around the appellation Saint-Émilion AOC itself. The terroir of Lussac is characterized by the diversity of its soils, distributed between the plateaus, the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "James R. Williams James Robert Williams (December 27, 1850 – November 8, 1923) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Carmi, Illinois, Williams attended the common schools. He graduated from Indiana University in 1875, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi, and from the Union College of Law, Chicago, Illinois, in 1876. He was admitted to the bar in 1876 and returned home to practice in Carmi. He served as master in chancery from 1880-1882, and was a county judge of White County from 1882-1886. Williams was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Richard W. Townshend. He was reelected to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses and served from December 2, 1889, to March 3, 1895. Williams was a friend of William Jennings Bryan. Because of their friendship, Bryan made a whistle-stop visit to Carmi in 1896 to give a presidential campaign speech. Williams was elected to the Fifty-sixth, Fifty-seventh, and Fifty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1905). In 1902, the Chicago Chronicle said he was being groomed for president. \"Bob Williams for President\" headlined the Chicago Evening Post on November 9, 1903. In 1903, Illinois Democrats nominated Williams for the United States Senate. He did not win but received a letter from Williams Jennings Bryan, who expressed an interest in talking with him about plans for 1904. In 1904, his name was presented to the National Convention at St. Louis, Missouri, as a candidate for vice-president. Williams came in second place for the Democratic Vice Presidential nomination. In 1904, Williams was defeated in his bid for reelection by Pleasant T. Chapman. After his term in the House of Representatives, he resumed the practice of his profession. He died in Loma Linda, California on November 8, 1923. He was interred in Maple Ridge Cemetery, Carmi, Illinois. James R. Williams James Robert Williams (December 27, 1850 – November 8, 1923) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Carmi, Illinois, Williams attended the common schools. He graduated from Indiana University in 1875, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi, and from the Union College of Law, Chicago, Illinois, in 1876. He was admitted to the bar in 1876 and returned home to practice in Carmi. He served as master in chancery from 1880-1882, and was a county judge of White County from 1882-1886. Williams" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Werner Roth (soccer, born 1948) Werner Roth (born April 4, 1948) is a retired American professional soccer defender. Mainly associated with the New York Cosmos, he also represented the United States men's national soccer team for three years. He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame. Born in Yugoslavia, Roth emigrated to the United States at age eight, going on to become a rising star in American soccer through the 1960s. He attended Brooklyn Technical High School, playing on the varsity squad from 1962 to 1966, and captaining the team in his senior year. Additionally, he studied architecture at the Pratt Institute, and played for the German-Hungarians in the German American Soccer League. One of the few Americans on a star-studded New York Cosmos side (i.e. Pelé, Franz Beckenbauer), Roth played with the club seven years, and helped it to the Soccer Bowl title in 1977. He also appeared 15 times for his adopted country's national team, in the 1970s. Roth played German soccer team captain Baumann in the 1981 movie \"Victory\" (titled \"Escape to Victory\" in Europe), which also featured former Cosmos teammate Pelé, as well as Sylvester Stallone and Michael Caine. He was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1989. In 2005, having been living in Brooklyn and Long Island for decades, Roth became engaged to soap opera actress Robin Mattson. The couple were married in June 2006. Werner Roth (soccer, born 1948) Werner Roth (born April 4, 1948) is a retired American professional soccer defender. Mainly associated with the New York Cosmos, he also represented the United States men's national soccer team for three years. He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame. Born in Yugoslavia, Roth emigrated to the United States at age eight, going on to" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Harry Peters Harry Peters (ca. 1788 – 1870) was a merchant and political figure in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada. He represented the city of Saint John in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1816 to 1828. He was the son of James Peters and Margaret Lester. Peters was a merchant in Saint John. He replaced Ward Chipman, Jr. as speaker for the legislature in 1826. Peters served as a member of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick from 1828 to 1843 and was a member of the Executive Council from 1828 to 1832. He later moved to Gagetown where he died at the age of 82. His brother Charles Jeffery served as Attorney General and his brother Benjamin Lester became mayor of Saint John. The community of Petersville, later expropriated during the expansion of CFB Gagetown, was named in his honour. Harry Peters Harry Peters (ca. 1788 – 1870) was a merchant and political figure in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada. He represented the city of Saint John in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1816 to 1828. He was the son of James Peters and Margaret Lester. Peters was a merchant in Saint John." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Manuel Orallo Manuel Orallo (1919 – 2003) was mayor of Fabero, León, in north-west Spain, from 1967 until 1977 and a provincial deputy of Léon during the 1960s and 1970s. He was declared \"Adopted Son of Fabero\" in December 2005 and a street was named after him. He was born in Toreno in 1919 and raised there as well. and read pharmacy at the University of Santiago de Compostela before moving to Fabero in 1952 to work as a pharmacist. His achievements as mayor of Fabero include the institution of several education centres (the \"La Cortina\" and \"Manuel Fernández\" centres for basic and primary education, plus a high school), as well as the construction of a new church, a multi-sports centre and a municipal football pitch. During his time in office the main road to the Fornela Valley was constructed. He died in his 84th year. Manuel Orallo Manuel Orallo (1919 – 2003) was mayor of Fabero, León, in north-west Spain, from 1967 until 1977 and a provincial deputy of Léon during the 1960s and 1970s. He was declared \"Adopted Son of Fabero\" in December 2005 and a street was named after him. He was born in Toreno in 1919" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Abigail Thernstrom Abigail Thernstrom (born 1936) is an American political scientist and a leading conservative scholar on race relations. She is currently an adjunct scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. She was formerly Senior Fellow at the Manhattan Institute, a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education, and vice chair of the United States Commission on Civil Rights under George W. Bush. She received her Ph.D. from the Department of Government at Harvard University in 1975. Thernstrom and her husband, Harvard historian Stephan Thernstrom, are the co-authors of \"America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible\", which the \"New York Times Book Review\" named as one of the notable books of 1997. In 2007, she and her husband (along with James Q. Wilson, Martin Feldstein, and John Bolton), were the recipients of a Bradley Foundation prize for Outstanding Intellectual Achievement. She serves on several boards, including the Center for Equal Opportunity and the Institute for Justice. From 1992-97 she was a member of the Aspen Institute's Domestic Strategy Group. President Bill Clinton chose her as one of three authors to participate in his first \"town meeting\" on race in Akron, Ohio, on December 3, 1997, and she was part of a small group that met with the President again in the Oval Office on December 19, 1997. She has spoken out against redistricting to create more minority dominated districts to support their interests, citing that racial barriers have fallen significantly to the point that it is not necessary and may be detrimental. She stated that with the election of Obama to presidency, that it does signify the disappearance of racial barriers. Her daughter is the writer Melanie Thernstrom. Abigail Thernstrom Abigail Thernstrom (born 1936) is an American political scientist and a leading conservative scholar on race relations. She is currently" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Marblehead Colonial Raised House The Marblehead Summer House is a house in Marblehead, Massachusetts, in the United States. It is likely the oldest existing three-story structure in Marblehead, and shows signs that it was raised from one to three stories. It is currently an inn located in the historic district of Marblehead in the old water front area. There is evidence that the existing third story of the house was the original one-story structure on the property, built around 1717. Forty years earlier than the existing first and second stories of the house were constructed underneath it as it was lifted (raised) from the ground. Like many other of houses built in the area at the time, the roofs on this colonial post-and-beam was much more complex than modern roofs made with trusses, plywood and asphalt shingles. It was made with a superstructure of large, hand-hewed timbers joined together with long wooden spikes, purlins connected to the timbers, boards nailed on top of the purlins, and a covering of hundreds or thousands of handmade wooden shake shingles. This was a lengthy, difficult process which required a great deal of materials. Another reason it was preferable to raise the structure may have been that the posts in the existing structure could not be trusted to bear the weight of a second story built on top of it, especially if two new stories were to be added, as they appear to have been in this case, at what was once known as the “Samuel Glover Mansion”, now the “Marblehead Summer House”, at 27 Front Street, Marblehead, Massachusetts. According to historical research done by Robert Booth, a noted area historian and Harvard graduate, the original structure was built by George Slocumb sometime prior to 1717. No record of the construction itself has been found; however, the building and land was mortgaged October 30, 1717, to John Bowdoin, a merchant in Boston. This is the earliest known documentation of the structure. On March 15, 1720, Slocumb remortgaged to Bowdoin for 164 li (pounds). Slocumb was a “shoreman” (one involved in the curing, salting, drying and storage of fish) and a “joiner” (carpenter) by trade. On June 24, 1728, he sold the house to Bowdoin for 400 li. On September 8, 1756, Bowdoin’s heirs sold the premises for 70 li to Capt. Samuel Glover, the brother of John Glover, who later became the famous General John Glover who, with his Marblehead men, ferried George Washington across the Delaware River to attack the Hessians during the revolutionary war. Samuel Glover was also a “cordwainer” (shoemaker), as were a lot of men in Marblehead. He served as a captain in the French and Indian War but was referred to as captain locally due to his position on ship. He was also licensed to sell liquor which was reserved for only those of good standing and reputation. He apparently acquired some degree of wealth between his shoe making, commanding ships, and selling rum. At the time of Glover’s death in 1762, “his mansion house, warehouse and land, under and adjoining, situated in Marblehead” was valued at 400 li above his personal possessions. Around 1757 Glover had a three-story house constructed on the property, “his mansion house”, mentioned above. While Booth assumes Slocomb’s house was probably dilapidated by then, which it may have been, there is a good deal of physical evidence that the third floor of the current structure was built several years earlier than the first two floors and raised to its current location. Booth makes the following comment in his historical research of the property: Marblehead" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Johannes Camphuys Johannes Camphuys (registered as Kamphuis in the \"Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie\") (18 July 1634 – 18 July 1695) was the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1684 to 1691. Camphuys was born in Haarlem, in the Republic of the United Netherlands. Joannes Camphuys was born in Haarlem on 18 July 1634. In his youth he was a student at a silversmith in Amsterdam. He left on 1 November 1652 aboard the cargo carrier to India. The ship, however, suffered shipwreck on March 2, 1653 at the Shetland Islands. Camphuys survived the disaster and left on 23 August 1653 aboard the Golded Dragon. He became a clerk at the General Secretariat in Batavia and a bailiff in Batavia. After 11 years at the secreatary he became a merchant. He became a commander in 1670 and in 1671 he left as head of the VOC post in Deshima, Japan. This function was usually only carried out by government officials. After a year, as usual for that position, he returned and held the function another 2 times (in 1673 and 1675) alternated with the membership of the Council of Justice. In 1677 he became Secretary of the High Government and president of the orphan's college. He conducted negotiations with the ambassadors of Bantam. In 1678 he became Council-Extra-Oranginary of India. In 1681, he became a member of the Council of the Dutch East Indies. On 11 January 1684 Joannes Camphuys was appointed by the Council of the Dutch East Indies as successor to Cornelis Speelman as Governor-General, initially as provisional Governor-General until the Lord XVII approved the appointment. Because a number of people felt passable in the appointment, his understanding with the Council was not optimal. He was sometimes absent and even did not decide if he did not agree with that. But the Lord XVII was on his hand and so he could go his way. Under his rule there was peace in the archipelago. On 17 December 1690 he resigned on his own repeated request. He handed over the landlord's office to Willem van Outhoorn on 24 September 1691. He has been living alternately at Batavia, and since his farewell as Governor-General, Edam, donated to him on the coast of Batavia, where he had built a house to Japanese model and gathered animals from all parts of the Indies. He had written contact with Rumphius on Ambon. He died exactly on his 61st birthday in 1695. He was buried in the Dutch church in Batavia. Camphuys, although righteous, was not a powerful driver. His governance was not characterized by important events. Noteworthy are the Soerapati uprising on Java and the tract with Bantam of 17 April 1684. He failed to address corruption among officials. However, he had a lot of interest in science and he supported them wherever possible and also wrote a dissertation on the foundation of Batavia included in François Valentine's standard work, \"Old and New East Indies\". At this point in Japanese history, the sole VOC outpost (or \"factory\") was situated on Dejima island in the harbor of Nagasaki on the southern island of Kyushu. Camphuys was three times sent to Japan as Opperhoofd or chief negotiant and officer of the VOC trading post. Camphuys died in Batavia (Jakarta). He is commemorated in the name of a street in the Lombok neighbourhood of Utrecht; and he is also remembered in the name of a street in the Bezuidenhoutquarter of The Hague. Johannes Camphuys Johannes Camphuys (registered as Kamphuis in the \"Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie\") (18 July 1634 – 18 July 1695) was the Governor-General of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Dockerin Dockerin is a protein domain found in the cellulosome cellular structure of anaerobic bacteria. It is found on many endoglucanase enzymes. The dockerin's binding partner is the cohesin domain, located on the scaffoldin protein. This interaction between the dockerin domains of the enzyme constituents of the cellulosome and the cohesin domains of the scaffoldin protein is essential to the construction of the cellulosome complex. The Dockerin domain has two in-tandem repeats of a non-EF hand calcium binding motif. Each motif is characterized by a loop-helix structure. The three-dimensional structure of dockerin has been determined in solution, as well as in complex with Cohesin. There are three types of Dockerin domains: I, II and III which bind to Cohesin Type I, Cohesin Type II and Cohesin Type III respectively. A type I dockerin domain is 65-70 residues long. The binding specificity of Type I interaction was well studied by structural and mutagenesis studies. Type II interaction is less well characterized. Protein Structure: Specificity Characterization: Dockerin Dockerin is a protein domain found in the cellulosome cellular structure of anaerobic bacteria. It is found on many endoglucanase enzymes. The dockerin's binding partner is the cohesin domain, located on the scaffoldin protein. This" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Guy-Roland Kpene Guy-Roland Kpene (born November 23, 1983 in Abidjan) is an Ivorian footballer, currently playing for the Long Island Rough Riders. After playing in the youth team of local Ivorian side CSP Cocody, Kpene moved with his family to the United States in 2003 when his mother accepted the job as Ivory Coast's finance attache to the United Nations in New York. Kpene played one season of college soccer at Westchester Community College, earning all-region honors, before being recruited by Dowling College. He helped the Golden Lions to a 22-0-2 season and Dowling’s first National Title. Kpene was Dowling's leading scorer, the first Dowling men’s soccer player to be drafted by MLS, and only the fourth Golden Lion to be drafted in any sport. In his final season, he totaled 25 goals (including seven game-winning goals) and 10 assists. He was named to the 2006 NSCAA/adidas NCAA Division II Men's Collegiate All-American (second team) and earned ECAC Offensive Player of the Week and All-Conference honors. He graduated with a degree in finance. In 2005, Kpene started all 19 games for the Golden Lions and led the team with 33 points and 13 goals (5 game winning). He was second on the team with 7 assists. Kpene was named to the All-NYCAC First Team and the NSCAA/adidas All Northeast Region First Team. During his college years Kpene also played for the Brooklyn Knights in the USL Premier Development League, scoring 6 goals in 9 appearances in 2006. Kpene was selected in the third round, 37th overall, by D.C. United in the 2007 MLS Supplemental Draft. He made his first MLS start on May 6, 2007 against Chivas USA, and assisted on the first goal by Christian Gomez to give the team the lead. On May 7, 2008 Kpene transferred to the Houston Dynamo, having practiced with the team from mid-April and played in the team's April 20 reserve game as a guest player. He made four first team appearances for Houston in total, before being released midway through the 2009 season. In 2010 Kpene went to Europe to pursue his career. He took part in trials with Bundesliga 2 side FSV Frankfurt, and with several teams in Belgium, but was not offered a contract. In 2011 Kpene, having returned to the United States, signed with the Long Island Rough Riders in the USL Premier Development League. He scored a goal for the Rough Riders on his debut on May 21, 2011, a 3-1 win over Jersey Express. Guy-Roland Kpene Guy-Roland Kpene (born November 23, 1983 in Abidjan) is an Ivorian footballer, currently playing for the Long Island Rough Riders. After playing in the youth team of local Ivorian side CSP Cocody, Kpene moved with his family to the United States in 2003 when his mother accepted the job as Ivory Coast's finance attache to the United Nations in New York. Kpene played one season of college soccer at Westchester Community College, earning all-region honors, before being recruited by Dowling College." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Giuseppe Concone Giuseppe Concone (1801 Turin - 1861 Turin) was an Italian vocal teacher. For about ten years Concone resided in Paris as a teacher. Returning to Turin in 1848, he was at the time of his death organist and choirmaster of the Court choir. He is widely known for his vocal exercises—solfeggi and vocalizzi—which are unusually attractive for works of their kind, and at the same time excellent for their special purpose. Thomaidis and MacPherson describe them as 'lively' works in the Italian tradition of the time. While in Paris he wrote three 'oratorios', Smither: \"these are quite brief, include no orchestra but only piano accompaniment, and were evidently intended for performance in a private soiree rather than a theatre. No performance of any of the three is known.\" Giuseppe Concone Giuseppe Concone (1801 Turin - 1861 Turin) was an Italian vocal teacher. For about ten years Concone resided in Paris as a teacher. Returning to Turin in 1848, he was at the time of his death organist and choirmaster of the Court choir. He is widely known for his vocal exercises—solfeggi and vocalizzi—which are unusually attractive for works of their kind, and at the same time excellent for" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "International Islamic Halal Organization International Islamic Halal Organization (IIHO) is one of the main bodies of the Muslim World League based in Mecca, Saudi Arabia which aims to spread awareness of the importance of Halal foods (according to Islamic laws) to Muslims in the Kingdom as well as at possible international levels. IIHO not only focuses on food consumption but also in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and others. IIHO has international branches in Japan, Brazil, South Korea and Ukraine. According to the official website of International Islamic Halal Organization, the main objectives of the organization are International Islamic Halal Organization President and Muslim World League's General Secretary Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa made an exclusive distribution agreement with the Japanese government in order to provide Halal certified meals to Japan and in 2020 Summer Olympics. Mitsuhiro Miyakoshi, Special Advisor to the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Prince Hiroyoshi, the cousin of the Japanese Emperor Akihito signed the agreement with Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa. International Islamic Halal Organization International Islamic Halal Organization (IIHO) is one of the main bodies of the Muslim World League based in Mecca, Saudi Arabia which aims to spread awareness of the importance of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "COPERT COPERT is an MS Windows software program aiming at the calculation of air pollutant emissions from road transport. The technical development of COPERT is financed by the European Environment Agency (EEA), in the framework of the activities of the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change. Since 2007, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre has been coordinating the further scientific development of the model. In principle, COPERT has been developed for use from the National Experts to estimate emissions from road transport to be included in official annual national inventories. The COPERT methodology is also part of the EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook. The Guidebook, developed by the UNECE Task Force on Emissions Inventories and Projections, is intended to support reporting under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and the EU directive on national emission limits. The COPERT methodology is fully consistent with the Road Transport chapter of the Guidebook. The use of a software tool to calculate road transport emissions allows for a transparent and standardized, hence consistent and comparable data collecting and emissions reporting procedure, in accordance with the requirements of international conventions and protocols and EU legislation. Version History COPERT COPERT is an MS" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Swan River, Itasca County, Minnesota Swan River is an unincorporated community in southeast Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located between Grand Rapids and Floodwood at the junction of U.S. Highway 2 (U.S. 2) and State Highway 65 (MN 65). A post office called Swan River was established in 1890 and remained in operation until 1995. The community took its name from the nearby Swan River. Swan River is located along the boundary line between Sago Township and Wawina Township. The BNSF Railway passes through the community. Nearby places include Warba, Wawina, Jacobson and Goodland. The boundary line between Itasca, Saint Louis and Aitkin counties is near Swan River. Swan River is located 19 miles southeast of Grand Rapids, 17 miles northwest of Floodwood and 57 miles northwest of Duluth. ZIP codes 55784 (Swan River), 55793 (Warba), and 55736 (Floodwood) all meet near Swan River. Swan River, Itasca County, Minnesota Swan River is an unincorporated community in southeast Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located between Grand Rapids and Floodwood at the junction of U.S. Highway 2 (U.S. 2) and State Highway 65 (MN 65). A post office called Swan River was established in 1890 and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Elysium Healthcare Elysium Healthcare is a private provider of mental health services based in Borehamwood, UK. It was launched in December 2016 and combined sites from the portfolio of Partnerships in Care and The Priory Group when they were sold by Acadia Healthcare. It is owned by BC Partners. It opened the 225 bed Wellesley Hospital at Chelston near Wellington, Somerset in 2017. It cost £20 million to build and will provide medium and low-secure treatment rehabilitation for patients with a broad range of mental health problems. Up to 75 beds at the hospital will be commissioned by NHS England in collaboration with Devon Partnership NHS Trust. The site was previously managed by Partnerships in Care. Elysium Healthcare has taken over ten of their sites. It bought Badby Park Ltd in April 2017. It bought up Crossley Manor School in Rainhill from Raphael Healthcare in 2017 and later acquired specialist learning disability and mental health provider Lighthouse Healthcare, based in Derbyshire. Its acquisition of London Care Partnership (Supported Living) Limited in July 2018 brought it to more than 60 homes. Elysium Healthcare Elysium Healthcare is a private provider of mental health services based in Borehamwood, UK. It was launched in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Joseph Flintoft Berry Joseph Flintoft Berry (May 13, 1856 – February 11, 1931) was a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1904. Joseph was born 13 May 1856 in Aylmer, Ontario, Canada, the son of the Rev. Francis and Ann Berry. He was the brother of Dr. H.G. Berry. Joseph was married to Olive J. Johnson. Joseph was educated at the Milton Academy in Ontario. He was led to Christ by two young friends, who took him to his father's barn and there held a prayer-meeting. This resulted in Joseph's glorious conversion. Joseph entered the Ordained Ministry of the M.E. Church in 1874. Joseph came to Mount Clemens, Michigan in 1879 to pastor the First M.E. Church. He served as the Associate Editor of the \"Michigan Christian Advocate,\" 1885-90. He also served as Editor of the \"Epworth Herald,\" the official publication of the Epworth League, 1890-1904. March 5, 1924, it was reported that Bishop Berry of Philadelphia told the New Jersey Methodist Conference that \"every Methodist preacher has as much right to belong to the Ku Klux Klan as to Masons or Odd Fellows if he thinks it is a proper thing to do.\" Bishop Berry served the Buffalo, New York Episcopal Area (Genesee Annual Conference) for eight years. He then served the Philadelphia Area until retirement. His retirement was spent in Winter Park, Florida, where he died 11 February 1931 at the age of 74. His body was brought back to Mount Clemens, Michigan to be buried with his two sons who had died during his pastorate there. His father, mother and wife are also buried in his cemetery lot. \"News of the Night in Brief\" \"Fitchburg Sentinel\" (Fitchburg, Massachusetts) March 5, 1924, page 13. Access date April 16, 2017. Joseph Flintoft Berry Joseph Flintoft Berry (May" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Central Hospital, Hatton Central Hospital was a psychiatric hospital located in Hatton, Warwickshire, England. Building began in 1846 on a site purchased from the Earl of Warwick and was completed in 1852, the first patients moving in on 30 June. It was originally named the Warwick County Lunatic Asylum and from 1930-1948 the Warwickshire County Mental Hospital. A classic Victorian asylum built on a grand scale in the gothic style it at one point housed 1,600 patients. Eventually gaining over of land, the hospital patients provided most of their own food from three farms in the grounds and a spring supplied it with water. Many of the staff lived there too, it was more like a village than a hospital. It even had its own sports pitches, coffin maker and a chapel which was completed in 1862. The vicar of Hatton was responsible for the religious life of the hospital. Nevertheless it was, in the early days, a reasonably hard place to be treated by modern standards. Mentally ill patients were subjected to, amongst other things, electric shock therapy. However compared to contemporary poor house asylums and established public asylums like Bedlam, Central treated their patients quite kindly with parties and drama productions regularly held for, and by, patients. In the 1920s construction began on the King Edward VII Memorial Sanatorium on land adjoining the site. This later became the Hertford Hill Hospital and was used for the treatment of Tuberculosis. In 1933 the first voluntary admissions were allowed and outpatient clinics were opened in the neighbouring urban areas of Warwick, Leamington and Coventry. In 1948 the hospital joined the National Health Service freeing up the patients to the outside world as never before. In the 1950s and 1960s the hospital evolved further. With the increasing population and understanding of mental illnesses the hospital was overcrowded for over 20 years between 1945 and the late 1960s. A step in the right direction during that time however was the building of Nuffield House in partnership with the Nuffield Foundation. These were rehabilitation units which were in essence a halfway house between the wards of the main hospital and a typical suburban home and were supervised but not totally controlled by staff. Between 1978 and 1994 Central Ajax F.C., currently of the Midland Football League, played home matches on the site. After services were transferred to St Michael's Hospital, the hospital itself was officially closed on 31 July 1995. Many of the buildings were razed to the ground and a housing estate, Hatton Park, was built there. However some of the old buildings are listed and remained, albeit as houses. Central Hospital, Hatton Central Hospital was a psychiatric hospital located in Hatton, Warwickshire, England. Building began in 1846 on a site purchased from the Earl of Warwick and was completed in 1852, the first patients moving in on 30 June. It was originally named the Warwick County Lunatic Asylum and from 1930-1948 the Warwickshire County Mental Hospital. A classic Victorian asylum built" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Takács Quartet The Takács Quartet is a string quartet, founded in Hungary, and now based in Boulder, Colorado, United States. In 1975, four students at the Music Academy in Budapest, Gábor Takács-Nagy (first violin), Károly Schranz (second violin), Gábor Ormai (viola), and András Fejér (cello) formed The Takács Quartet. According to their own story, Takács-Nagy, Ormai and Fejér had been playing trios together for several months when they met Schranz during a pickup soccer game after classes. With the immediate addition of Károly to their group the trio became a quartet. They first received international attention in 1977, winning the First Prize and the Critics' Prize at the International String Quartet Competition in Evian, France. After that the quartet won the Gold Medal at the 1979 Portsmouth and Bordeaux Competitions and First Prizes at the Budapest International String Quartet Competition in 1978 and the Bratislava Competition in 1981. The quartet made its first North American tour in 1982. In 1983, the group decided it would be best for them and their families if they moved to the United States. A colleague offered them a position as quartet-in-residence at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and they accepted the job. In 1993, Takács-Nagy left the group, and the British violinist Edward Dusinberre replaced him. In 1994, Ormai learned that he had incurable cancer, and was replaced by another British musician, violist Roger Tapping. Following these changes, the quartet embarked on a successful series of recordings: a cycle of all six Bartók quartets (dedicated to the memory of Ormai, who died in 1995) and a critically acclaimed complete Beethoven quartet cycle, as well as quartets by Smetana and Borodin. In 2005, following the completion of the Beethoven cycle, Tapping retired from the group to spend more time with his family. He currently teaches chamber music at New England Conservatory. His replacement was Geraldine Walther, an American violist who had up until then been the principal violist of the San Francisco Symphony. The members of the quartet as well as the critics have remarked on how quickly she fitted into the ensemble. Also in 2005, the quartet became associate artists at the South Bank Centre. In 2006, they released their first recording with Walther, Schubert's \"Rosamunde\" and \"Death and the Maiden\" quartets to critical acclaim. This was also their first recording with Hyperion Records, after switching from the Decca label. Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance: Andrew Keener (producer), Simon Dominic Eadon (engineer) and the Takács Quartet for \"Beethoven: String Quartets (\"Razumovsky\" Op. 59, 1–3; \"Harp\" Op. 74)\" (2003) The Takács Quartet \"has been recording the complete Beethoven quartets, and their survey, now complete, stands as the most richly expressive modern account of this titanic cycle.\" (Alex Ross, writing in \"The New Yorker\", February 6, 2006). The Takács Quartet's interpretation of Bartók's six string quartets has been met with praise. The Takács has been nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance for their recording of Brahms String Quartet, Op. 51, No. 2 on the Hyperion label. In March 2010 the Quartet was honored for Excellence in Research and Creative Work by the Boulder Faculty Assembly at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Takács Quartet The Takács Quartet is a string quartet, founded in Hungary, and now based in Boulder, Colorado, United States. In 1975, four students at the Music Academy in Budapest, Gábor Takács-Nagy (first violin), Károly Schranz (second violin), Gábor Ormai (viola), and András Fejér (cello) formed The Takács Quartet. According to their own story, Takács-Nagy, Ormai and Fejér had been playing trios together for several months when" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Chak Alahi Bakhash Chak Alahi Bakhash () is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is situated on Sutlej River located away from Rahon, from Nawanshahr, from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village. As of 2011, Chak Alahi Bakhash has a total number of 94 houses and population of 459 of which 240 include are males while 219 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Chak Alahi Bakhash is 86.80%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 65 which is 14.16% of total population of Chak Alahi Bakhash, and child sex ratio is approximately 757 as compared to Punjab state average of 846. Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 59.91% of total population in Chak Alahi Bakhash. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far. As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 149 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Chak Alahi Bakhash which includes 124 males and 25 females. According to census survey report 2011, 79.19% workers describe their work as main work and 20.81% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. The village has a Punjabi medium, co-ed primary school founded in 1975. The schools provide mid-day meal as per Indian Midday Meal Scheme and the meal prepared in school premises. As per Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act the school provide free education to children between the ages of 6 and 14. B.K.M College of Education and Doaba Group Of Colleges are the nearest colleges. Lovely Professional University is away from the village. Nawanshahr railway station is the nearest train station however, Garhshankar Junction railway station is away from the village. Sahnewal Airport is the nearest domestic airport which located away in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is away in Amritsar. Chak Alahi Bakhash Chak Alahi Bakhash () is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is situated on Sutlej River located away from Rahon," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Probucol Probucol is an anti-hyperlipidemic drug initially developed in the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, clinical trials were stopped after it was found that it may lower HDL in patients with a previous history of heart disease. Probucol was initially developed in the 1970s by a chemical company to maximize airplane tire longevity. Probucol is associated with QT interval prolongation. Probucol lowers the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream by increasing the rate of LDL catabolism. Additionally, probucol may inhibit cholesterol synthesis and delay cholesterol absorption. Probucol is a powerful antioxidant which inhibits the oxidation of cholesterol in LDLs; this slows the formation of foam cells, which contribute to atherosclerotic plaques. It is believed to act at ABCA1. It also lowers levels of HDL. Probucol Probucol is an anti-hyperlipidemic drug initially developed in the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, clinical trials were stopped after it was found that it may lower HDL in patients with a previous history of heart disease. Probucol was initially developed in the 1970s by a chemical company to maximize airplane tire longevity. Probucol is associated with QT interval prolongation. Probucol lowers the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream by increasing the rate of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Douglas B-18 Bolo The Douglas B-18 Bolo is an American medium bomber which served with the United States Army Air Corps and the Royal Canadian Air Force (as the Digby) during the late 1930s and early 1940s. The Bolo was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, based on its DC-2, and was developed to replace the Martin B-10. By 1940, it was considered to be underpowered, to have inadequate defensive armament, and to carry too small a bomb load. Many were destroyed during the attacks on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines in December 1941. In 1942, the surviving B-18s were relegated to antisubmarine, transport duty, and training. A B-18 was one of the first American aircraft to sink a German U-boat, on 22 August 1942 in the Caribbean. In 1934, the United States Army Air Corps put out a request for a bomber with double the bomb load and range of the Martin B-10, which was just entering service as the Army's standard bomber. In the evaluation at Wright Field the following year, Douglas showed its DB-1. It competed with the Boeing Model 299 (later developed into the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress) and Martin Model 146. While the Boeing design was clearly superior, the crash of the B-17 prototype (caused by taking off with the controls still locked) removed it from consideration. During the depths of the Great Depression, the lower price of the DB-1 ($58,500 vs. $99,620 for the Model 299) also counted in its favor. The Douglas design was ordered into immediate production in January 1936 as the B-18. The DB-1 design was essentially that of the DC-2, with several modifications. The wingspan was greater. The fuselage was deeper, to better accommodate bombs and the six-member crew; the wings were fixed in the middle of the cross-section rather than to the bottom due to the deeper fuselage. Added armament included nose, dorsal, and ventral gun turrets. Preston Tucker's firm received a contract to supply a remote controlled gun turret for the aircraft. The initial contract called for 133 B-18s (including DB-1), using Wright R-1820 radial engines. The last B-18 of the run, designated DB-2 by the company, had a power-operated nose turret. This design did not become standard. Additional contracts in 1937 (177 aircraft) and 1938 (40 aircraft) were for the B-18A, which had the bombardier's position further forward over the nose-gunner's station. The B-18A also used more powerful engines. Deliveries of B-18s to Army units began in the first half of 1937, with the first examples being test and evaluation aircraft being turned over to the Materiel Division at Wright Field, Ohio, the Technical Training Command at Chanute Field, Illinois, the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, and Lowry Field, Colorado. Deliveries to operational groups began in late 1937, the first being the 7th Bombardment Group at Hamilton Field, California. Production B-18s, with full military equipment fitted, had a maximum speed of 217 mph, cruising speed of 167 mph, and combat range of 850 miles. By 1940, most USAAC bomber squadrons were equipped with B-18s or B-18As. However, the deficiencies in the B-18/B-18A bomber were becoming readily apparent to almost everyone. In range, in speed, in bomb load, and particularly in defensive armor and armament, the design came up short, and the Air Corps conceded that the aircraft was obsolete and totally unsuited in the long-range bombing role for which it had originally been acquired. To send crews out in such a plane against a well-armed, determined foe would have been nothing short of suicidal. However, in spite of the known shortcomings of the B-18/B-18A, the Douglas aircraft was the most numerous American bomber type deployed outside the continental United States at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. It was hoped that the B-18 could play a stopgap role until more suitable aircraft such as the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator became available in quantity. When war came to the Pacific, most of the B-18/B-18A aircraft based overseas in the Philippines and in Hawaii were destroyed on the ground in the initial Japanese onslaught. The few Bolos that remained played no significant role in subsequent operations. The B-18s remaining in the continental US and in the Caribbean were then deployed in a defensive role in anticipation of attacks on the US mainland. These attacks never materialized. B-17s supplanted B-18s in first-line service in 1942. Following this, 122 B-18As were modified for anti-submarine warfare. The bombardier was replaced by a search radar with a large radome. Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) equipment was sometimes housed in a tail boom. These aircraft, designated B-18B, were used in the Caribbean on anti-submarine patrol. On 2 October 1942, a B-18A, piloted by Captain Howard Burhanna Jr. of the 99th Bomb Squadron, depth charged and sank the north of Cayenne, French Guiana. Two aircraft were transferred to \"Força Aérea Brasileira\" in 1942 and used with a provisional conversion training unit set up under the provisions of Lend-Lease. They were later used for anti-submarine patrols. They were struck off charge at the end of the war. In 1940 the Royal Canadian Air Force acquired 20 B-18As (as the Douglas Digby Mark I), and also used them for patrol duties, being immediately issued to 10 Squadron to replace the squadron's Westland Wapitis. Bolos and Digbys sank an additional two submarines during the course of the war. RCAF Eastern Air Command (EAC) Digbys carried out 11 attacks on U-boats. was confirmed sunk by Flying Officer F. Raymes' crew of No. 10 (BR) Squadron, on 30 October 1942. east of Newfoundland. However, the antisubmarine role was relatively short-lived, and the Bolos were superseded in this role in 1943 by Consolidated B-24 Liberators which had a much heavier payload and a substantially longer range which finally closed the mid-Atlantic gap. Surviving USAAF B-18s ended their useful lives in training and transport roles within the continental United States, and saw no further combat action. Two B-18As were modified as unarmed cargo transports under the designation C-58. At the end of the war, those bombers that were left were sold as surplus on the commercial market. Some postwar B-18s of various models were operated as cargo or crop-spraying aircraft by commercial operators. Some of the Douglas Digbys in Canadian service were converted to either C-58s or used for training. Only six B-18s still exist, five of them preserved or under restoration in museums in the United States: [[Category:United States bomber aircraft 1930–1939]] [[Category:Douglas aircraft|B-18 Bolo]] [[Category:United States military trainer aircraft 1930–1939]] [[Category:United States military transport aircraft 1930–1939]] [[Category:Twin-engined tractor aircraft]] [[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1935]] [[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]] Douglas B-18 Bolo The Douglas B-18 Bolo is an American medium bomber which served with the United States Army Air Corps and the Royal Canadian Air Force (as the Digby) during the late 1930s and early 1940s. The Bolo was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, based on its DC-2, and was developed to replace the Martin B-10. By 1940, it was considered to be underpowered, to have inadequate defensive armament, and to carry too small a bomb load. Many were destroyed during the attacks on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines in December 1941. In 1942, the surviving B-18s were" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Buffalo, Alberta Buffalo is a ghost town in Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 555, between Bindloss and Jenner, south of the Red Deer River, at an elevation of . The community is located in census division No. 4 and in the federal riding of Medicine Hat. It is administered by Special Area No. 2. Statistics Canada has not recently published a population for Buffalo. However, Industry Canada shows that Buffalo's greater rural area had a total population of 610 living in 208 dwellings in 2001. With a land area of , its greater rural area has a population density of . Buffalo, Alberta Buffalo is a ghost town in Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 555, between Bindloss and Jenner, south of the Red Deer River, at an elevation of . The community is located in census division No. 4 and in the federal riding of Medicine Hat. It is administered by Special Area No. 2. Statistics Canada has not recently published a population for Buffalo. However, Industry Canada shows that Buffalo's greater rural area had a total population of 610 living in 208 dwellings in 2001. With a land area of , its greater rural area" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Ricardo Montenegro Ricardo F. J. Montenegro Palomo is a businessman and politician from El Salvador. He was the Minister of Treasury of El Salvador in the first months of Armando Calderón Sol's Presidency Ricardo Francisco Javier Montenegro Palomo was born on November 9, 1949, in West Lafayette, Indiana, while his father was a student at Purdue University. He was the first child of Gabriel Montenegro Gutiérrez and his wife, Hilda Palomo Salazar. While the Montenegro Palomo family was based in West Lafayette, Indiana, their second child, Gabriel Ernesto, was born. In 1951 his family moved to San Salvador, El Salvador, where they settled down. After this move Gabriel and Hilda had three more sons, Fernando Rafael, José Eduardo and Raul Antonio. His father Dr. Gabriel Montenegro Gutiérrez was born to Gabriel Montenegro Soberón, a Guatemalan immigrant, and Eva Gutiérrez from Santa Ana, El Salvador. Dr. Montenegro was a chemist and entrepreneur, who during the presidency of Carlos Humberto Romero was fourth in line for the position of President of El Salvador. His mother, Hilda Palomo Salazar, was the daughter of Manuel Palomo Trabanino and María Elda Salazar Iraheta. The former was the eldest son of Dr. Manuel Palomo Cuellar, one of the founders of the Salvadoran Red Cruz, and Angela Trabanino González. Angela was the eldest daughter of José Antonio González Portillo, the mayor of Santa Tecla, El Salvador who served several terms. José Antonio was the right hand of his brother, Santiago González Portillo, President of El Salvador (15 April 1871 – 1 February 1876), and, the later, María Elda Salazar Iraheta, a first cousin of the famous Salvadoran artists Salarrue and Toño Salazar, since she was a was daughter Estaban Salazar Angulo and Matilde Iraheta, a daughter of the Salvadoran War Hero, General Francisco Iraheta Larreta. Montenegro attended Externado San José a private school in San Salvador, El Salvador. He continued his education in Purdue University his family's alma mater. In 1983 Ricardo Montenegro Palomo became one of the founding members of FUSADES, The Salvadoran Foundation for Economic and Social Development. In 1991 Ricardo Montenegro Palomo was named President of CCIES (Chamber of Commerce and Industry of El Salvador) a title he held until 1993. During his time as President of CCIES, he also held the Presidency FECAMCO (Federation of Chambers of Commerce of Central America), for the 1992 term. Ricardo Montenegro Palomo was part of the Salvadoran delegates that participated in the 1992 Peace Talks at Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City. In 1994, during the first months Armando Calderón Sol's presidency, he was named Minister of Treasury of El Salvador. Montenegro subsequently became the CEO of UNIFERSA, a large fertilizer company in El Salvador that was formed in 1999 by the merger of three previously existing companies, one of which was SERTESA. After retiring from the private sector, Ricardo Montenegro, has remained active in the community promoting education. He is currently the President of INSAFORP – Salvadoran Institute of Profesional Development. Ricardo Montenegro Ricardo F. J. Montenegro" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Jean Daniel Jean Daniel, (born Jean Daniel Bensaid) (born 21 July 1920) is an Algerian-born French-Jewish journalist and author. He is the founder and executive editor of \"Le Nouvel Observateur\" weekly now known as \"L'Obs\". Daniel is a Jewish humanist in the tradition of the French Left. He was a former colleague and friend of Albert Camus, a fellow pied-noir. In \"La prison juive: Humeurs et méditations d'un témoin\" (\"The Jewish Prison\"), Daniel argues that prosperous, assimilated Jews in the west live in a self-imposed prison made of up of three invisible walls: the idea of the Chosen People, Holocaust remembrance, and support for Israel. \"Having trapped themselves inside these walls...,\" wrote Adam Shatz in describing the book, \"they were less able to see themselves clearly, or to appreciate the suffering of others -- particularly the Palestinians living behind the 'separation fence'.\" Jean Daniel was a member of the Saint-Simon Foundation think-tank. Daniel co-founded the French magazine \"Le Nouvel Observateur\". The magazine had already existed since 1950 and initially called \"L'Observateur politique, économique et littéraire\". It had turned to \"L'Observateur aujourd'hui\" in 1953 and \"France Observateur\" in 1954. The name \"Le Nouvel Observateur\" was adopted in 1964. The 1964 incarnation of the magazine was when Jean Daniel and Claude Perdriel took over renaming the magazine and starting its best known phase under the name \"Le Nouvel Observateur\" as a weekly. Since then it has been published by Groupe Nouvel Observateur on a weekly basis and has covered political, business and economic news in France and internationally. On 23 October 2014, the magazine was renamed \"L'Obs\". Jean Daniel Jean Daniel, (born Jean Daniel Bensaid) (born 21 July 1920) is an Algerian-born French-Jewish journalist and author. He is the founder and executive editor of \"Le Nouvel Observateur\" weekly now known as \"L'Obs\"." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Michael Sundin Michael Sundin (1 March 1961 – 23 July 1989) was an English television presenter, actor, dancer and trampolinist. He was a presenter of the BBC children's programme \"Blue Peter\" presenter for 77 episodes between 1984 and 1985. Michael Sundin was born in Low Fell, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear. His parents were Alan and Joyce Sundin, and he had a brother named David. After winning five British titles and one world title in British & World Trampolining tournaments, he entered show business in 1980 when he appeared in the pantomime \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", with Barbara Windsor. Sundin made various television and theatre appearances, both as an actor and dancer, which led to a long run in the Cameron Mackintosh-produced musical \"Cats\", in which he played Bill Bailey in its West End run from 1982 until 1983. He appears in the video for Culture Club's \"I'll Tumble 4 Ya\" from 1982. In 1984, he began rehearsing the character Tik-Tok for the Walt Disney film \"Return to Oz\", and this was covered by the long-running BBC children's magazine programme \"Blue Peter\". Sundin impressed the editor, Biddy Baxter, and was invited to audition for the presenting vacancy left by Peter Duncan; it was his fortune that one of the audition items was to interview someone on a trampoline, and he presented his first programme on 13 September 1984. In October 1985, a newspaper printed photographs of Sundin dancing with a male stripper in London. After fronting 77 episodes, the editors and production team for Blue Peter decided not to renew Sundin's contract following the summer break, because they felt that he had little rapport with the viewers and it was claimed by the editor that some parents and children complained about his effeminacy. However, coverage in the press of him as a gay man was also rumoured to have been a factor. He presented his last show on 24 June 1985. Sundin was very unhappy about this decision, and made his feelings known in the tabloid press. In 2007 the former editor of \"Blue Peter\" Biddy Baxter was interviewed by journalist Mark Lawson, transmitted as part of BBC Four’s \"Children’s TV On Trial\" week of programmes. For the first time on television, Baxter was confronted about the departure of Sundin. In the interview Baxter blamed the press for the inaccurate coverage of Sundin's sacking from the programme because of his sexuality. In previous documentaries and programmes Baxter had avoided addressing such questions about Sundin's involvement in the programme. In the interview she denied that he had been sacked due to his sexuality and said that \"It was his leaving the programme because children didn’t like him – nothing to do with his sexual proclivities\". Sundin subsequently appeared in the film \"Lionheart\" (1987) in which he was incorrectly credited as 'Michel Sundin'. From 1987-88 he was in UK theatre tour of \"Seven Brides for Seven Brothers\" and a Japanese/Australian tour of \"Starlight Express\". One of his final public appearances was as a dancer in the video for Rick Astley's \"She Wants to Dance With Me\" (1988). In 1988 Sundin fell ill. At the age of 28, he died in the Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne. \"The Times\" newspaper reported (on 26 July 1989) that he had died of liver cancer. Earlier the same year Sundin had denied having AIDS. Michael Sundin Michael Sundin (1 March 1961 – 23 July 1989) was an English television presenter, actor, dancer and trampolinist. He was a presenter of the BBC children's programme \"Blue Peter\" presenter for 77 episodes between 1984 and 1985. Michael Sundin was" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Rhydymwyn F.C. Rhydymwyn F.C. are a football club form Rhydymwyn, Wales. They are members of the Welsh National League and play at Dolfechlas Road. Club home colours are all blue while away colours are red shirts, white shorts and white socks. Rhydymwyn Football Club was founded in 1911. They came into existence, playing in local soccer, in the old Halkyn and Clwyd Leagues. They would remain in these leagues until moving up to the Welsh Alliance League in 1990. They immediately consolidated their progress by finishing fourth in their first season, and also reaching the final of the Cookson Cup. Their second campaign saw them finish in sixth place, and also reach the final of the North Wales Coast FA Challenge Cup, where they lost 2-1 to the then HFS Loans League side, Colwyn Bay. They finished fourth again in 1993, and also won the Alves Cup. The following year saw them third on goal difference, after a three-way tie with Llangefni Town and Llanfairpll. The 1994/95 season saw them capture the Welsh Alliance League title, and gain promotion to the Cymru Alliance League]. They also won the FAW Trophy, beating Taffs Wells 1-0 in the final played at Caersws. The 1995/96 season saw them finish a respectable fifth in the Cymru Alliance League. They also retained the FAW Trophy, beating Penrhyncoch at Newtown. 1996/97 saw them finish second in the league behind Rhayader Town, before taking the title in the 1997/98 season. Various reasons prevented the club from being promoted to the League of Wales. The club has progressed, not only on the field but off it as well. They obtained a £75,000 pavilion funded by Delyn Borough Council, and also received a £26,000 Sport Lot Award to extend their function room. Much of their progress was down to then manager Ken Knowles and a committee made up of committed local people. When Ken Knowles decided to retire after eleven seasons in charge, the club decided to appoint a player/manager from within their ranks. Unfortunately, the plan backfired, and the club had to resign from the Cymru Alliance League, due mainly to a lack of players. After returning to the Welsh Alliance League, the club was successful again. In the 2003/04 season they reached the finals of both the Barritt and Cookson Cups. They won the Cookson Cup but narrowly lost the Barritt Cup, under the caretaker manager, Phil Eaton. The following season saw them strongly contest the league championship, only to lose by one point to eventual champions, Bodedern. They also reached the final of the FAW Trophy, losing 3 - 1 to Swansea-based side West End at Rhayader. Since those successes, the club struggled under a different manager, with mid-table finishes within the Welsh Alliance. Success returned to the club in the 2007/08 season when they defeated Barmouth and Dyffyn United to win the Barritt Cup for the first time at Farrar Road, Bangor. The 2008/09 season saw a big improvement in the Welsh Alliance when they finished runners-up behind Bethesda Athletic. The momentum continued in 2009/10 season and the club stayed in pole position, winning eight out of the first nine games winning promotion back to the Huws Gray Alliance with an overall record of 21 wins, 4 draws and only 5 defeats. In that first season back in the Huws Gray Alliance things didn't go to plan and at the end of the season the club dropped out of the Huws Gray Alliance with just 18 points, finishing in 14th position. The club found themselves back in the third tier of Welsh football but this time in the Welsh National League rather than the Welsh Alliance due to new boundary changes coming into force. The club also decided to appoint Daniel Seamarks as their new manager and it was his task to rebuild the team and fortunes. In that first season Rhydymwyn finished in a highly respectful second position and they were able to gain promotion back to the Huws Gray Alliance as champions FC Cefn chose to withdraw their application for Promotion. So in season 2012-13 the see saw affect continued with Rhydymwyn back in the Huws Gray alliance. Rhydymwyn secured 28 points that season and ended up finishing in 14th position. This time the club knew that they would be safe as only 2 clubs were going to gain promotion and Rhyl were going to be promoted to the Welsh Premier as champions of the Huws Gray Alliance. Rhydymwyn had been higher up the table earlier in the season and their league position slipped as security was guaranteed. Rhydymwyn have now got the task of building on that and will be looking to move further up the table in season 2013-14 despite limited resources and funds. 2014-15 was a sad season in the history of Rhydymwyn fc because of unforeseen circumstances they were not able to raise a team. Rhydymwyn F.C. Rhydymwyn F.C. are a football club form Rhydymwyn, Wales. They are members of the Welsh National League and play at Dolfechlas Road. Club home colours are all blue while away colours are red shirts, white shorts and white socks. Rhydymwyn Football Club was founded in 1911. They came into existence, playing in local soccer, in the old Halkyn and Clwyd Leagues. They would remain in these leagues until moving up to the Welsh Alliance League in 1990. They immediately consolidated their progress" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "OTE Tower OTE Tower is a 76-metre-tall tower located in the Thessaloniki International Exhibition Center in central Thessaloniki, Greece. The tower opened in 1966 and was renovated in 2005. The tower was designed by Greek architect A. Anastasiadis and was completed in 1965, with the first black and white broadcasts on a Greek television network taking place from the tower in 1966. The tower was also used in the 1970s to support the antennas of an experimental VHF analogue mobile telephone network. Today it is used by the Cosmote cellular mobile telephone network. The tower today, other than its status as a modern monument of the city and its use by Cosmote, opens up for events and exhibitions during the Thessaloniki International Fair, while the Skyline Café-Bar, revolving restaurant operates year round on the top floor. The OTE Tower was designed by the architect Alexandros Anastasiadis in 1966 that stands 76 metres tall and features four floors. It is noteworthy that the first black and white broadcasts of the Greek State Television were transmitted from this building a year after the Tower’s completion. Nowadays, the OTE Tower has been totally transformed in a modern telecommunications tower. The unique design and features have rightfully earned the OTE Tower its landmark status among the many architectural marvels that punctuate Greece’s cultural capital, Thessaloniki. OTE Tower OTE Tower is a 76-metre-tall tower located in the Thessaloniki International Exhibition Center in central Thessaloniki, Greece. The tower opened in 1966 and was renovated in 2005. The tower was designed by Greek architect A. Anastasiadis and was completed in 1965, with the first black and white broadcasts on a Greek television network taking place from the tower in 1966. The tower was also used in the 1970s to support the antennas of an experimental VHF analogue" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Mihály Farkas Mihály Farkas (born Hermann Lőwy; 18 July 1904 – 6 December 1965) was a Hungarian Jewish Communist politician. He was born in Abaújszántó in 1904 and became a Communist in the 1930s. He lived in Košice and Prague then. He fought in the Spanish Civil War; later he moved to the Soviet Union. He returned to Hungary in late 1944 and became a member of the Central Committee, the Political Committee and the Secretariat of the Hungarian Communist Party from May 1945. In 1945 he became under-secretary of Home Affairs. In 1946 he was elected deputy secretary and became the chairman of the party's Management Committee. He was Minister of National Defence from 9 September 1948 to 2 July 1953. He was one of the main instigators during the Rákosi era. In 1956 he was expelled from the party and convicted. He was released from prison in 1961 and spent his last years working as an editor in Budapest, where he died in 1965. His son Vladimir was a colonel of the security police during the Rákosi regime. Mihály Farkas Mihály Farkas (born Hermann Lőwy; 18 July 1904 – 6 December 1965) was a Hungarian Jewish Communist politician." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "SS Barøy (1929) SS \"Barøy\" was a 424-ton steel-hulled steamship delivered from the \"Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted\" shipyard in Trondheim in 1929. She had been ordered by the Norwegian shipping company Ofotens Dampskibsselskab for the local route from the port city of Narvik to the smaller towns of Lødingen and Svolvær. After the company suffered ship losses in the 1940 Norwegian Campaign \"Barøy\" was put into Hurtigruten service on the Trondheim–Narvik route. She was sunk with heavy loss of life in a British air attack in the early hours of 13 September 1941. \"Barøy\" was delivered by \"Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted\" to \"Ofotens Dampskibsselskab\" on 19 August 1929. She was a typical North-Norwegian local transport, with an open weather deck and configured with two cargo holds, a First Class passenger section in the aft and a Third Class area in the bow. The First Class accommodation included 45 bunks, and the ship was certified to carry a total of 200 passengers. Most of \"Barøy\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s pre-war service was on the Narvik–Lødingen–Svolvær route for which she had been built, although she also acted as a reserve vessel for the Narvik–Trondheim express route. The outbreak of the Second World War led to Norwegian government restrictions on the Hurtigruten from 1 October 1939 onwards, with a reduction in both sailing speed and the number of departures from Bergen, which was cut from seven to five a week. The restrictions followed a massive increase in shipping along the Norwegian coast in the autumn of 1939 as supplies were transported to ports all along the Norwegian coast in preparation for war. After massive protests from the coastal population daily departures were reintroduced on 5 December 1939. In April 1940 many Hurtigruten ships were being refurbished before the summer season and reserve vessels were sailing the route. One of the reserve ships on the Hurtigruten service was \"Barøy\", standing in for the 873-ton SS \"Nordnorge\", which was undergoing maintenance work at \"Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted\". \"Barøy\" had departed Bergen on 2 April, arrived at Trondheim on 4 April and was docked at Hammerfest in the northern county of Finnmark on 9 April 1940. After surviving the German invasion on 9 April and the 62-day-long Norwegian Campaign that followed it, \"Barøy\" was set to assist in the transportation of released German prisoners of war from the Norwegian prisoner of war camp on the island of Skorpa in Kvænangen, Troms. \"Barøy\" carried out the mission together with Finnmark Fylkesrederi's steamer \"Tanahorn\", the latter carrying some 200 Germans to Tromsø and \"Barøy\" taking the remaining 260 to the same port city. \"Barøy\" continued serving in \"Nordnorge\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s place during the German occupation of Norway, \"Nordnorge\" having been sunk by Royal Navy warships during the Norwegian Campaign after she had been pressed into service as a covert troopship by the invading German forces. \"Barøy\" was considered too small a vessel for the longer distances, such as the Hurtigruten route between Bergen and Narvik, and her prolonged service on the route was an emergency measure. A year and a half after the German invasion \"Barøy\" was still sailing the Hurtigruten route as the fifth weekly northbound departure from Trondheim to Narvik. In the early hours of 13 September 1941 she was on her way northwards, and had recently called at Skutvik on her way to Tranøy on Hamarøy. On board the ship was a crew of 26, as well as 105 passengers, 37 of whom were German soldiers. The German troops on board were members of the 197th Infantry Division. At 03:50 on 13 September \"Barøy\" was struck by a torpedo some west of Tranøy Lighthouse, sinking within minutes. The torpedo ripped open the ship's hull, quickly flooding her with water, and immediately knocking out the electrical power on board. Due to the ship sinking so rapidly there was no time to lower the lifeboats, and the people on board had to jump into the water in order to survive. At the time of the sinking the water temperature was 7–8 °C. The torpedo that sank \"Barøy\" had been dropped by an 817 Squadron Fairey Albacore, one of seven that attacked shipping in the Vestfjorden area that morning. The Albacore crews also claimed to have sunk another vessel, of around 2,000 tons, in the same attack. The Fleet Air Arm aircraft came from the fleet carrier , which was part of Force M which had escorted the old carrier , carrying 24 Hawker Hurricane fighters to the Soviet Union. On their way back to the UK the Albacores on board \"Victorious\" were assigned anti-shipping and bombing missions on the Norwegian coast and 12 aircraft took off at 03:00 and flew east, navigating by moonlight. Seven of the Albacores belonged to 817 Squadron and carried torpedoes, the remaining five were 832 Squadron aircraft with bombs. While the 817 Squadron aircraft sank \"Barøy\", the 832 Squadron bombed the hydroelectric power station in Glomfjord, the aluminium plant \"Nordag\" in Haugvik and the radio station at Røst. Two Norwegian civilians died at Glomfjord and one at Røst. No British aircraft were lost during the operation. At the time of the attack \"Barøy\" had been sailing with full lighting due to work being carried out on the deck cargo. The wreck of the ship rests at depth of around . The first ship to discover the sinking of \"Barøy\" was the 762-ton Norwegian cargo ship SS \"Skjerstad\", which passed the scene of the sinking on her way southwards and rescued 19 survivors, as well as recovering 15 bodies. The survivors of the sinking were set ashore at Svolvær. Seventy-seven Norwegians died in the attack, including seven children and 21 women. Fifty-nine of the 68 Norwegian passengers were lost, while 18 of the 26 crew members died. Of the 37 German soldiers only two survived. One of the consequences of the sinking of \"Barøy\", together with the sinking of fellow Hurtigruten ship off Rolvsøy in Finnmark later the same day, was that the Hurtigruten ships would no longer sail further north than Tromsø. Between Tromsø and Hammerfest the route was taken over by smaller replacement ships. The Nazi regime in Norway used the attack on \"Barøy\", together with other attacks on civilian Norwegian shipping, in propaganda against the Allies. On 20 May 1944 the Nazi-controlled Norwegian Postal Service issued a series of postage stamps commemorating three of the most infamous cases of Norwegian ships sunk by Allied attacks. \"Barøy\" was the subject of the 10 øre stamp, while SS \"Sanct Svithun\" and SS \"Irma\" were depicted on the 15 øre and 20 øre stamps respectively. The shipwreck stamps were designed by German-born Norwegian Nazi propaganda artist and war reporter Harald Damsleth. SS Barøy (1929) SS \"Barøy\" was a 424-ton steel-hulled steamship delivered from the \"Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted\" shipyard in Trondheim in 1929. She had been ordered by the Norwegian shipping company Ofotens Dampskibsselskab for the local route from the port city of Narvik to the smaller towns of Lødingen and Svolvær. After the company suffered ship losses in the 1940 Norwegian Campaign \"Barøy\" was put into Hurtigruten service on the Trondheim–Narvik route. She was sunk with heavy loss of life in a British air attack in the early hours of 13 September" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "NME Tours The \"NME\" Tours consist of a variety of tours organised by British music industry publication \"NME\". Throughout the year, \"NME\" sponsors numerous tours of the United Kingdom by various up-and-coming and established bands in a variety of formats. The tours are titled to reflect the genre and type of bands playing on them. The ShockWaves NME Awards Tours (known without sponsorship as the NME Awards Tour before 1999, and the Brat Bus Tour before 1998) normally takes place in the lead up to the official NME Awards themselves. The tour has been known to sell out in just a matter of hours. The tour normally showcasts the main protagonists of the independent alternative rock scene, with a number of relatively unheard of bands usually supporting more mainstream acts. A number of previous support acts on the tour have gone on to become very successful commercially, such as Arctic Monkeys (support act in 2006) and Franz Ferdinand (who played the opening slot in 2004). Since 2005, the tour has been sponsored by unisex hair product company ShockWaves. In 2007, the main NME Awards tour was split into two different tours of four bands each. The first tour, the ShockWaves NME Indie Rock Tour was created to reflect the growing indie rock scene in Britain throughout 2006-2007. The second tour, the ShockWaves NME Indie Rave Tour, displays the small number of bands currently associated with the New Rave music genre. \"NME\" editor Conor McNicholas stated that the reason for the tour split was to allow more fans to gain tickets to the Awards tour, and allow them to display more bands at the one time. The tours were played in a number of intertwined dates at the same time. This format was kept for one year, before reverting to one tour in 2008. In 2017, rather than organise a tour themselves, NME sponsored a series of previously announced headline dates by the band Blossoms. In 2018, for the first time in 23 years, an NME sponsored tour did not take place. Though NME are yet to make a statement about the cancellation of the tour they have run articles about the demise of the Warped Tour on their website. The NME\" Radar Tour (formerly known as the Topman \"NME\" New Noise Tour in 2008, and the Topman \"NME\" New Music Tour before 2008) has taken place in venues throughout the United Kingdom since 2005. The tour is played by relatively unknown bands to gain them more mainstream exposure. In 2009, a second \"Autumn Radar Tour\" took place during September and October. In 2014, the event was rebranded the NME\" New Breed Tour; NME and headliners Superfood handpicked a different support act for each night of the tour. The tour did not return in 2015. The NME Rock 'n' Roll Riot Tour (sponsored by O) started in 2003. The tour usually takes place later in the year compared to the main awards tours, taking place in September–October of each year. Some of the bands have even gone on to play in other NME Tours; The Horrors, following their support slot on the 2006 Riot Tour, would later play on the 2007 NME Awards Indie Rock Tour. On 20 August 2007, \"NME\" announced they would be adding a further Rock 'n' Roll Tour, this time as a tour of the US. The inaugural tour features mainly bands from areas of the US, such as New York City, Brooklyn and Los Angeles. The NME Freshers Tour is taking place around \"Freshers week\", the week in which Universities in the UK begin their first academic term. 2007 marks the debut of this tour. The NME New Rave Revolution Tour was a tour that took place throughout September to October 2006. The line-up consisted of bands who were closely related to the \"New Rave\" music scene which appeared throughout 2006. Klaxons would go on to headline the Indie Rave leg of the NME Awards Tour in February 2007 It is unknown whether or not another New Rave Revolution Tour will take place, due to the small number of bands and the short-lived nature of the genre. NME Tours The \"NME\" Tours consist of a variety" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "German frigate Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is a \"Brandenburg\"-class frigate of the German Navy. \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" and the three other frigates of the \"Brandenburg\" class were designed as replacements for the \"Hamburg\"-class destroyers. She was laid in 1993 at the yards of Bremer Vulkan, Bremen-Vegesack and launched in February 1995. Her sponsor was Annemarie Seite, wife of the then Minister-President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Berndt Seite. After undergoing trials she was commissioned on 6 December 1996, and assigned to \"6. Fregattengeschwader\". After the naval structure was reorganised, \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" was assigned to \"2. Fregattengeschwader\", based at Wilhelmshaven. \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" deployed several times as part of NATO's Standing Naval Force Atlantic, in 1998 and in 2000. During her early service \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" took part in two Destroyer Exercises (DESEX), DESEX 1999, involving the circumnavigation of South America, and DESEX 2002, a five-month training cruise with port visits to Souda Bay in Crete, Karachi in Pakistan, Mormugao and Cochin in India, Manila in the Philippines, Qingdao in China, Inchon in South Korea, Tokyo in Japan and Malaga in Spain. During her visit to Tokyo \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" hosted a reception given aboard by German President Johannes Rau, and attended by the Japanese imperial couple, Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko. On her return voyage to Europe \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" participated in a missile exercise off Crete. In late 2002 she began a six-month deployment as part of Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa, which lasted into 2003. \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" resumed her work with Operation Enduring Freedom between November 2004 and April 2005, serving as the flagship for Flotilla Admiral Henning Hoops as commander of Combined Task Force 150. From November 2005 to May 2006 \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" was part of in the Standing NATO Maritime Group 1, and for a time was the flagship of the Group's commander, German Commodore Wolfgang Kalahl and his international staff until the end of January 2006. SNMG 1 was integrated into Operation Active Endeavour at this time. In 2006 \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" became the flagship of Andreas Krause, Commander in Chief of the Maritime Task Force supporting the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon off the Lebanese coast. \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" redeployed with Operation Enduring Freedom off the Horn of Africa once more between November 2008 and May 2009. From January to April she served as flagship of the Combined Task Force 150 under Flotilla Admiral Rainer Brinkmann. On 28 November 2008, \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" dispatched a helicopter to rescue three crew members from a Liberian-registered chemical tanker who had jumped overboard during a successful pirate attack in the Gulf of Aden. Later that day she came to the assistance of the cruise ship , which was transiting the Gulf of Oman en route from Sharm-al-Sheikh in Egypt to Dubai. \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" detected pirate speedboats apparently attempting to attack \"Astor\", and manoeuvred into their path while they were three miles from the \"Astor\". Warning bursts of machine gun fire were used to ward off the threat without those on the cruise ship becoming aware of the situation. On 11 February 2014 \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" deployed from Wilhelmshaven with the frigates \"Hamburg\" and \"Augsburg\", the corvette \"Oldenburg\" and the storeship \"Frankfurt am Main\" to take part in the navy's annual training and exercises. These concluded at Kiel on 20 June 2014, during which time the ships carried out manoeuvrers as far north as the Arctic Circle and as far south as the Equator, visiting 13 ports in nine countries. In December 2015 the ship was awarded the flag band of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern by the Minister-President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Erwin Sellering in Warnemünde. While transiting the Kiel Canal near Schülp bei Rendsburg on 9 December 2015 \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" was involved in a collision with the Cypriot-flagged container ship \"Nordic Bremen\". The frigate's bow was badly damaged. On 16 August 2016 \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" left Wilhelmshaven to participate in the EU Navfor Med mission in the Mediterranean from mid-September. She returned to Wilhelmshaven on 23 December, having briefly been part of the NATO's Operation Sea Guardian. She deployed again with EU Navfor Med on 7 August 2017. \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" arrived at the Sicilian port of Augusta on 16 August 2017, taking over from the replenishment ship \"Rhein\". Leadership of the force transferred at this time from Captain Marco Reinisch, to \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\"s commander Christian Schultze. Over the next few months \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" gave assistance several times to migrant boats in distress, as part of Operation Sophia. On 13 September 2017 she rescued 134 people, on 25 October 158 people and on 2 November 323 people. A woman from Nigeria gave birth to a boy on 3 November 2017, with the support of the ship's medical team. On 1 November 2017, a patrol boat of the Libyan Coast Guard carried out aggressive manoeuvres near the \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\". The head of the Libyan Coast Guard, Commodore Abdalh Toumia, later apologized. After five months on station \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" was relieved by the frigate \"Sachsen\" in mid-January 2018. She arrived back in Wilhelmshaven on 26 January 2018, having sailed 29,000 nautical miles and rescued 700 people. German frigate Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is a \"Brandenburg\"-class frigate of the German Navy. \"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern\" and the three other frigates of the \"Brandenburg\" class were designed as replacements for the \"Hamburg\"-class destroyers. She was laid in 1993 at the yards of Bremer Vulkan, Bremen-Vegesack and launched in February 1995. Her sponsor was Annemarie Seite, wife of the then Minister-President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Berndt Seite. After undergoing trials she was commissioned on 6 December 1996, and assigned to \"6. Fregattengeschwader\". After the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Godfrey (comedian) Godfrey C. Danchimah, Jr. professionally known as Godfrey, is an American comedian and actor who has appeared on BET, VH1, Comedy Central, and feature films, such as \"Soul Plane\", \"Original Gangstas\", \"Zoolander\", and \"Johnson Family Vacation\". He was also a spokesperson for 7 Up during the popular '7up yours' advertising campaign. He was also a cast member on the first season of \"The It Factor\", a reality television show. Currently, he is a regular performer at the comedy club Comedy Cellar in New York City. He is also known for doing the voices of Mr. Stubborn and Mr. Tall (Season 2) in \"The Mr. Men Show\" and hosting the FOX game show \"Bullseye\". Godfrey also hosts his own Radio Show on SiriusXM. Godfrey's parents are from Nigeria. They immigrated to the USA to escape the Nigerian Civil War. Godfrey is a nephew of Nigerian musician Sonny Okosun. Godfrey was born in Lincoln, Nebraska on July 21, 1969. Soon after, the family settled in Chicago where Godfrey grew up. He attended Lane Technical College Preparatory High School and received an academic scholarship to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he majored in psychology. At the University of Illinois, he made the varsity football team and performed at a traditional talent show for new team members. He stole the show, performing impressions of his coaches and teammates and discovered his comedic talent. Godfrey honed his stand-up skills at the All Jokes Aside comedy club in Chicago in the early 1990s. In 1995, Godfrey made his New York debut at Carolines on Broadway and the Comic Strip Live and was soon signed by the William Morris Talent Agency. He began working regularly in television, first behind the cameras as a warm-up comedian for \"The Cosby Show\" and \"Soul Man\". His first on-camera appearance featured him performing stand-up comedy for NBC's \"Friday Night Videos\", followed by more small television and film roles. In 2000, Godfrey appeared in the Aspen Comedy Festival and on Comedy Central's \"Premium Blend\". He also played a comical role in the movie \"Soul Plane\", acting as an African pilot. He has also been in numerous episodes of BET's \"Comic View\". A self-styled karate master, he continues to do film and television work alongside his stand-up career in New York. His first one-hour special, \"Godfrey: Black by Accident\" was shot for Comedy Central on January 22, 2011 at the Gramercy Theatre in New York City to a standing room only audience. As a guest of Mike Ward's show called \"F*ck les varietes\", part of the Just for Laughs 2012 festival of Montreal, his performance was highly acclaimed. In the following year, he had his own solo show called \"The Godfrey Complex\" in the same festival for a whole week. His second one-hour special, \"Godfrey: Regular Black\" was shot in Chicago, his home town, on August 12, 2016. Godfrey (comedian) Godfrey C. Danchimah, Jr. professionally known as Godfrey, is an American comedian and actor who has appeared on BET," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Warriors of Heaven and Earth Warriors of Heaven and Earth () is a 2003 Chinese action adventure film directed by He Ping. The film's notable cinematography captures a wide range of landscapes across China's Xinjiang province. It was China's official entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, though it did not get nominated. The film is set in western China in 700AD during the Tang Dynasty, and revolves around two protagonists, the first of whom is Lieutenant Li of the Chinese army. Li's refusal to kill Göktürk women and child prisoners is classed as a mutiny, leading him to be expelled from the army and to become a fugitive, traveling through the Gobi Desert. Years later, he is saved by the survivors of a caravan which carries a powerful, mystical relic accompanied by a Buddhist monk. Li protects the caravan from Göktürks as well as the overlord of the region, Master An, who is hired by the Göktürk Khan to seize the relic. The second protagonist, a Japanese emissary, Lai Xi, is ordered by the emperor of China to kill the fugitive, Li. In a twist of fate, Lai Xi discovers that the caravan is on a mission and helps Li to defend it, to ensure that it arrives at the capital safely. They promise to fight each other only after their duty is done, although that battle never comes to pass. 11th Beijing Student Film Festival 27th Hundred Flowers Awards 24th Golden Rooster Awards The original score was composed by Indian composer A. R. Rahman. Warriors of Heaven and Earth: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on CD featuring 14 tracks, which include excerpts from the score and 1 theme song, \"Warriors in Peace\", sung by Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai. Following the film's release, the score and soundtrack were released in one album separately, under the title Between Heaven and Earth. The album also include the theme song, \"Warriors in Peace\", in two languages, which are the Hindi version by Sadhana Sargam and English version by Sunitha Sarathy. Rahman signed the project after the head of Sony Classical Music suggested he do project for them in the Western Classical mode. While signing the project, Rahman was working with violinist Joshua Bell on compositions based on poems by the Persian poet Rumi. This project was later cancelled. Originally the music was supposed to be recorded in Beijing. But because of SARS, Rahman moved to Prague to record the score. Rahman has mixed Chinese, Turkish and Indian sounds as the film is about the Silk Route. He says that he wanted to give the Chinese something they had not heard before, while retaining that international flavour. The score is completely acoustic with symphonic pieces and relatively little electronic sounds have been used. Performers of the score include The Czech Film Orchestra and Chinese soloists in Hong Kong. Other instruments, including the erhu, flute, duduk, dizi, taiko drums are featured. Warriors of Heaven and Earth Warriors of Heaven and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "HMS Kangaroo (1795) HMS \"Kangaroo\" was British Royal Navy 18-gun brig-sloop of the \"Diligence\" class, launched in 1795 at Rotherhithe, England. She served in Home Waters and the Mediterranean until she was sold in 1802. In October 1795 she was commissioned under Commander Courtenay Boyle. \"Kangaroo\" shared in the capture on 10 May 1796, of \"Marie\", which had captured. On 13 JUne 1796, \"Kangaroo\" destroyed a French privateer of unknown name. In February 1797 at Plymouth she detained \"St Croix\", from St Croix. \"St Croix\" was formerly the \"Cadiz Packet\", of Belfast. On the evening of 9 April, \"Kangaroo\" captured the French privateer cutter \"Sophie\", some two leagues SE of The Lizard. \"Sophie\", of fourteen 4-pounder guns (eight of which she had thrown overboard during the chase), and 40 men, was two days into her maiden cruise from Brest and had made no captures. That month \"Kangaroo\" sailed from Plymouth as escort to the transport \"Boyne\". On 3 July \"Kangaroo\" captured some 17 leagues off Cadiz the lugger \"Purissima Concepcione\", which had on board an officer and nine men, and which was searching for a brig from Havana to deliver some dispatches to her. Then on the 22nd, \"Kangaroo\" captured the French privateer lugger \"Surprise\", of 48 tons (bm), eight guns, and 47 men. \"Surprise\" was eight days out of Crosic at the entrance to the Loire, but had made no captures. Also in July \"Kangaroo\" recaptured \"Macaroni\". On 30 June Boyle received promotion to post captain and Commander Edward Brace replaced Boyle, but not until \"Kangaroo\" returned to port after capturing the \"Surprise\". In September, \"Kangaroo\" recaptured and sent into Cork \"Jenny\", M'Iver, master, which a privateer had captured as \"Jenny\" was sailing from Cork to Lisbon. On 28 September, \"Kangaroo\", , and recaptured \"Graaf Bernstorff\" and captured \"San Norberto\". \"Graff Bernstorff\" was carrying a cargo of iron and grain from St. Michael's to Lisbon when she was captured. \"San Norberta\" was a Spanish privateer armed with four carriage guns plus some swivels, and had a crew of 42 men. One year later, on 18 September 1798, \"Kangaroo\" recaptured \"Endeavour\". Early in October, \"Kangaroo\" brought dispatches that led Captain Sir John Borlase Warren in to take a squadron to search for and intercept a French force sailing to Ireland. The British and French squadrons met up on 12 October in the Battle of Tory Island, which the British won. Several French vessels escaped and \"Kangaroo\" joined in the pursuit. On 15 October \"Kangaroo\" pursued the French frigate \"Loire\", but lost her in the dark. Next morning the two British vessels spotted \"Loire\" on the horizon and set off in pursuit. \"Loire\" outran \"Mermaid\", but not \"Kangaroo\", which exchanged fire with her quarry at a distance. In the exchange the out-gunned \"Kangaroo\" suffered damage to her rigging and had to fall back. However, \"Kangaroo\" had damaged \"Loire\" too. The next day \"Mermaid\" eventually engaged \"Loire\", but suffered damage that enabled \"Loire\" to escape once again. On 18 October, \"Loire\" had the misfortune to encounter the rasée frigate (ex ship-of-the-line) \"Anson\", in company with \"Kangaroo\". As \"Anson\" and \"Loire\" engaged, \"Kangaroo\" closed on \"Loire\"s unprotected stern, firing as she did so, repeatedly raking the immobile French ship. \"Loire\"s mizzenmast fell, and by midday she was forced to surrender to a boat from \"Kangaroo\". \"Kangaroo\" then assisted \"Anson\" by taking possession of \"Loire\". On 2 July 1799 \"Phoebe\" and \"Kangaroo\" captured \"Nancy\" (aka \"St Joseph\", aka \"Santa Margaretha\"). Twenty-two days later, \"Kangaroo\" recaptured the brig \"Triton\". On 22 February 1800 \"Kangaroo\" recaptured \"Minerva\", an American ship carrying a cargo of tobacco, that a French privateer had captured as \"Minerva\" sailed from Virginia to London. \"Kangaroo\" would send \"Minerva\", Tallman, master, into Cork. That same day, \"Kangaroo\" captured the French privateer brig \"Telegraph\", which had earlier captured \"Minerva\". \"Telegraph\" was quite new, armed with 14 guns of various calibers, and had a crew of 78 men. \"Telegraph\" was 20 days out of Saint-Malo and on the 11th had captured the brig \"Elizabeth\", which had been carrying a cargo of fruit. The only British casualty was first Lieutenant Thomas Toulerton, who was injured while aiming a chase gun. Lieutenant Tompson then sailed \"Telegraph\" to Cork. Two days later \"Kangaroo\" recaptured the ship \"Chance\", of London, which had been sailing from Martinique when the French privateer \"Bellegrande\" had captured her. had captured \"Bellegrande\" three days earlier. Then early in the morning of 25 February \"Kangaroo\" encountered and engaged a French privateer brig of 18 guns. The fight lasted about an hour before the French vessel was able to make her escape. \"Kangaroo\" was damaged in her rigging so unable to pursue. \"Kangaroo\" was also short-handed, having 44 men away in prizes, six men unable to man their stations, six men wounded in the encounter, and four men standing guard over 78 French prisoners in her hold. (That is, almost half her official complement was \"hors de combat\".) French prisoners on \"Telegraph\" later reported that the privateer that escaped was the \"Grand Decide\", of eighteen 12-pounder guns and 150 men. When \"Kangaroo\" recaptured \"Chance\", she freed two British army officers who then helped in the action with the privateer. \"Phoebe\" and \"Kangaroo\" also recaptured the brig \"Young William\". In March 1800, \"Kangaroo\" captured a French 16-gun privateer from Brest off the coast of Ireland. Brace received promotion to post captain on 2 April 1800, with the result that Commander George Charles Pulling replaced him. \"Phoebe\", \"Nereide\", and \"Kangaroo\" shared in the proceeds of the capture, on 5 June of \"Eagle\". Because \"Kangaroo\" served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 8 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified for the clasp \"Egypt\" to the Naval General Service Medal, which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants. During this period, on 16 May, \"Kangaroo\" recaptured \"Dolphin Wreck\". Then \"Kangaroo\" was patrolling off Barcelona when she met up with the brig , under Commander Lord Cochrane on 1 June. They encountered a privateer from Menorca that informed them that she had sighted a Spanish convoy of 12 vessels and five escorts three days earlier. The two British brigs set out to try to catch up with the convoy. One week later, on 8 June, they attacked and blew up the tower of Almanara. The tower was armed with only two 4-pounder guns, but refused to surrender. Cochrane and two men were lightly wounded during the demolition. Cochrane reported that they also brought off a Spanish privateer of seven guns. The next morning \"Speedy\" found the convoy sheltering under the guns of a battery at Oropeso. The battery consisted of a large, square tower armed with some 12 guns. The escorts consisted of a xebec of 20 guns, and three gunboats. Cochrane anchored offshore and wanted to wait until night to send in a cutting out party. However, \"Kangaroo\" arrived and Pulling, as the senior commander, decided to wait until the next morning. On the morning of the 9th, the two British vessels anchored within gunshot and by mid-afternoon had sunk the xebec and two gunboats. A felucca of 12 guns and two more gunboats joined the defenders. By 6:30pm the fire from the Spanish defenders slackened and \"Kangaroo\" came in close to the tower, silencing its fire by 7pm. At the same time, \"Speedy\" engaged the felucca and the surviving gunboats, which then fled. The British continued to undergo small arms fire from the shore until midnight, at which time the boats from the two brigs went in and brought out three Spanish brigs carrying wine, rice, and bread. Cochrane then went in with the boats for a second try, but the British found that all their quarry were either sunk or driven ashore. The next day \"Kangaroo\" and \"Speedy\" sailed for Menorca with their prizes; Pulling stated that they had expended all", "gunshot and by mid-afternoon had sunk the xebec and two gunboats. A felucca of 12 guns and two more gunboats joined the defenders. By 6:30pm the fire from the Spanish defenders slackened and \"Kangaroo\" came in close to the tower, silencing its fire by 7pm. At the same time, \"Speedy\" engaged the felucca and the surviving gunboats, which then fled. The British continued to undergo small arms fire from the shore until midnight, at which time the boats from the two brigs went in and brought out three Spanish brigs carrying wine, rice, and bread. Cochrane then went in with the boats for a second try, but the British found that all their quarry were either sunk or driven ashore. The next day \"Kangaroo\" and \"Speedy\" sailed for Menorca with their prizes; Pulling stated that they had expended all their ammunition, otherwise they would have reduced the tower as well. This was not an idle boast as Pulling wrote his report while anchored some 250 yards from the shore and 500 from the town. \"Speedy\" had expended some 1400 shot and had less than a broadside left. In the action \"Kangaroo\" lost a midshipman killed, and five seamen severely, and two lieutenants and three seamen slightly wounded; \"Speedy\" had no casualties. Cochrane also recounted that several of the cannon aboard \"Kangaroo\" were fitted on the non-recoil principle. During the action several of these burst their breechings, i.e., came loose. One endangered \"Kangaroo\" by bounding down the hatchway into the hold. On 29 September, \"Kangaroo\" captured the Greek polacre \"Madona d'Idra\". In February 1802 the Admiralty offered \"Kangaroo\" for sale at Deptford. She was sold that month. Notes Citations HMS Kangaroo (1795) HMS \"Kangaroo\" was British Royal Navy 18-gun brig-sloop of the \"Diligence\" class, launched in 1795 at Rotherhithe, England. She served in Home Waters and the Mediterranean until she was sold in 1802. In October 1795 she was commissioned under Commander Courtenay Boyle. \"Kangaroo\" shared in the capture on 10 May" ] }