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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a mirror on balance in young dancers .

Sixty-four young dancers ( ranging from 9-10 years ) were included in this study .

Thirty-two attending lessons with a mirror ( mirror - group ) were compared to 32 young dancers that attended the same lessons without a mirror ( non-mirror group ) .

Balance was evaluated by BESS ( Balance Error Scoring System ) , which consists of three stances ( double limb , single limb , and tandem ) on two surfaces ( firm and foam ) .

The errors were assessed at each stance and summed to create the two subtotal scores ( firm and foam surface ) and the final total score ( BESS ) .

The BESS was performed at recruitment ( T0 ) and after 6months of dance lessons ( T1 ) .

The repeated measures ANOVA analysis showed that for the BESS total score there is a difference due to the time ( F = 3.86 ; p < 0.05 ) .

No other differences due to the group or to the time of measurement were found ( p > 0.05 ) .

The analysis of the multiple regression model showed the influence of the values at T0 for every BESS items and the dominance of limb for stability on an unstable surface standing on one or two legs .

These preliminary results suggest that the use of a mirror in a ballet classroom does not improve balance acquisition of the dancer .

On the other hand , improvement found after 6months confirms that at the age of the dancers studied motor skills and balance can easily be trained and improved .

Long-term follow-up studies documenting maintenance of treatment effects are fewin adolescent anorexia nervosa ( AN ) .

This exploratory study reports relapse from full remission and attainment of remission during a 4-year open follow-up period using a convenience sample of a subgroup of 65 % ( n = 79 ) from an original cohort of 121 participants who completed a randomized clinical trial comparing family-based therapy ( FBT ) and adolescent-focused individual therapy ( AFT ) .

Follow-up assessments were completed up to 4years posttreatment ( average , 3.26 years ) .

Available participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination as well as self-report measures of self-esteem and depression at 2 to 4 years posttreatment .

Two participants ( 6.1 % ) relapsed ( FBT : n = 1 , 4.5 % ; AFT : n = 1 , 9.1 % ) , on average 1.98 years ( SD = 0.14 years ) after remission was achieved at 1-year follow-up .

Ten new participants ( 22.7 % ) achieved remission ( FBT : n = 1 , 5.9 % ; AFT : n = 9 , 33.3 % ) .

Mean time to remission for this group was 2.01 years ( SD = 0.82 years ) from 1-year follow-up .

There were no differences based on treatment group assignment in either relapse from full remission or new remission during long-term follow-up .

Other psychopathology was stable over time .

There were few changes in the clinical presentation of participants who were assessed at long-term follow-up .

These data suggest that outcomes are generally stable posttreatment regardless of treatment type once remission is achieved .

Clinical trial registration information-Effectiveness of Family-Based Versus Individual Psychotherapy in Treating Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa ; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00149786 .

Coronary artery bypass grafting using the radial artery has , since the 1990s , gone through a revival .

Observational studies have indicated better long-term patency when using radial arteries .

Therefore , radial artery might be preferred especially in younger patients where long time patency is important .

During the last 10years different endoscopic techniques to harvest the radial artery have evolved .

Endoscopic radial artery harvest only requires a small incision near the wrist in contrast to open harvest , which requires an incision from the elbow to the wrist .

However , it is unknown whether the endoscopic technique results in fewer complications or a graft patency comparable to open harvest .

When the radial artery has been harvested , there are two ways to use the radial artery as a graft .

One way is sewing it onto the aorta and another is sewing it onto the mammary artery .

It is unknown which technique is the superior revascularisation technique .

The NEO Trial is a randomised clinical trial with a 22 factorial design .

We plan to randomise 300 participants into four intervention groups : ( 1 ) mammario-radial endoscopic group ; ( 2 ) aorto-radial endoscopic group ; ( 3 ) mammario-radial open surgery group ; and ( 4 ) aorto-radial open surgery group.The hand function will be assessed by a questionnaire , a clinical examination , the change in cutaneous sensibility , and the measurement of both sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity at 3months postoperatively .

All the postoperative complications will be registered , and we will evaluate muscular function , scar appearance , vascular supply to the hand , and the graft patency including the patency of the central radial artery anastomosis .

A patency evaluation by multi-slice computer tomography will be done at one year postoperatively.We expect the nerve conduction studies and the standardised neurological examinations to be able to discriminate differences in hand function comparing endoscopic to open harvest of the radial artery .

The trial also aims to show if there is any patency difference between mammario-radial compared to aorto-radial revascularisation techniques but this objective is exploratory .

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier : NCT01848886.Danish Ethics committee number : H-3-2012-116 .

Danish Data Protection Agency : 2007-58-0015 / jr. n :30 -0838 .

Knowledge of essential amino acid requirements in infants is important because excessive intake of protein can lead to increased long-term morbidity such as obesity .

A deficient intake may lead to suboptimal growth and impaired neurodevelopment .

The current recommended branched-chain amino acid requirements in infants aged 0-1 mo are based on the amino acid content of human milk .

We quantified the requirements for isoleucine , leucine , and valine for term neonates by using the indicator amino acid oxidation method with [ 1 - ( 13 ) C ] phenylalanine as the indicator .

Fully enterally fed term infants received randomly graded amounts of isoleucine ( 5-216 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ) , leucine ( 5-370 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ) , or valine ( 5-236 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ) as part of an elemental formula .

Data are expressed as means SDs .

Eighty-three Asian , term neonates ( mean SD birth weight : 3.3 0.4 kg ; gestational age : 39.4 1.3 wk ) were studied at a postnatal age of 13 5 d. Mean requirements for isoleucine , leucine , and valine ( measured in boys only ) were 105 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ( r ( 2 ) = 0.61 , P < 0.001 ) , 140 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ( r ( 2 ) = 0.26 , P < 0.01 ) , and 110 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ( r ( 2 ) = 0.35 , P = 0.001 ) , respectively .

Current human milk-based recommendations for isoleucine and valine in term infants aged 0-1 mo are correct .

However , the current recommendation for leucine ( 166 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ) is higher than the mean requirement of 140 mg kg ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) that we determined in this study .

This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as NTR1610 .

We wanted to confirm the benefit of mometasone furoate ( MF ) in preventing acute radiation reactions , as shown in a previous study ( Bostrm et al , Radiother Oncol 2001 ; 59:257 -265 ) .

The study was a double-blind comparison of MF with D ( Diprobase ) , administered daily from the start of radiation therapy for 5 weeks in patients receiving breast radiation therapy , 40 Gy in 2.67-Gy fractions daily over 3 weeks .

The primary endpoint was mean modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) score .

Mean RTOG scores were significantly less for MF than for D ( P = .046 ) .

Maximum RTOG and mean erythema scores were significantly less for MF than for D ( P = .018 and P = .012 , respectively ) .

The Dermatology Life Quality Index ( DLQI ) score was significantly less for MF than for D at weeks 4 and 5 when corrected for Hospital Anxiety and Depression ( HAD ) questionnaire scores .

MF cream significantly reduces radiation dermatitis when applied to the breast during and after radiation therapy .

For the first time , we have shown a significantly beneficial effect on quality of life using a validated instrument ( DLQI ) , for a topical steroid cream .

We believe that application of this cream should be the standard of care where radiation dermatitis is expected .

To compare the interstage cardiac catheterization hemodynamic and angiographic findings between shunt types for the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial .

The trial , which randomized subjects to a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt ( MBTS ) or right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt ( RVPAS ) for the Norwood procedure , demonstrated the RVPAS was associated with a smaller pulmonary artery diameter but superior 12-month transplant-free survival .

We analyzed the pre-stage II catheterization data for the trial subjects .

The hemodynamic variables and shunt and pulmonary angiographic data were compared between shunt types ; their association with 12-month transplant-free survival was also evaluated .

Of 549 randomized subjects , 389 underwent pre-stage II catheterization .

A smaller size , lower aortic and superior vena cava saturation , and higher ventricular end-diastolic pressure were associated with worse 12-month transplant-free survival .

The MBTS group had a lower coronary perfusion pressure ( 27 vs 32 mm Hg ; P < .001 ) and greater pulmonary blood flow/systemic blood flow ratio ( 1.1 vs 1.0 , P = .009 ) .

A greater pulmonary blood flow/systemic blood flow ratio increased the risk of death or transplantation only in the RVPAS group ( P = .01 ) .

The MBTS group had fewer shunt ( 14 % vs 28 % , P = .004 ) and severe left pulmonary artery ( 0.7 % vs 9.2 % , P = .003 ) stenoses , larger mid-main branch pulmonary artery diameters , and greater Nakata indexes ( 164 vs 134 , P < .001 ) .

Compared with the RVPAS subjects , the MBTS subjects had more hemodynamic abnormalities related to shunt physiology , and the RVPAS subjects had more shunt or pulmonary obstruction of a severe degree and inferior pulmonary artery growth at pre-stage II catheterization .

A lower body surface area , greater ventricular end-diastolic pressure , and lower superior vena cava saturation were associated with worse 12-month transplant-free survival .

It has been hypothesized that the development of diabetic polyneuropathy ( DPN ) is due to swelling of the nerve , as well as thickening and stiffening of the surrounding ligaments , causing chronic compression of nerves .

We aimed to examine the effect of surgical decompression of the tibial nerve on the mean cross-sectional area ( CSA ) .

We performed a randomized controlled trial of 42 subjects with painful DPN diagnosed using the Diabetic Neuropathy Score .

A computer randomized for the surgery arm of the study .

A control group consisting of 38 healthy subjects was included .

An experienced sonographer measured the CSA and thickness-to-width ( T/W ) ratio of the tibial nerve , as well as the thickness of the flexor retinaculum .

CSA is significantly larger in patients with painful DPN ( 8.4 3.9 mm ( 2 ) ) than in control subjects ( 6.4 1.3 mm ( 2 ) ) , P = 0.007 .

The T/W ratio in patients with painful DPN is 0.64 and in control subjects 0.59 , P = 0.03 .

Patients with DPN have a significantly thicker retinaculum ( 1.07 mm ) than control subjects ( 0.84 mm ) , P < 0.001 .

Mean follow-up was 28.2 weeks ( range 23-45 ) .

Difference between baseline and follow-up in the operated leg was 1.49 mm ( 2 ) and in the control leg 1.81 mm ( 2 ) , P = 0.674 .

Decompression of the tibial nerve does not result in a significant difference between baseline and follow-up in CSA using ultrasound between the operated and control leg .

Ultrasound measurements show a significantly increased CSA , a significantly thicker retinaculum , and a significantly increased T/W ratio in patients with painful DPN compared with healthy control subjects .

Clinical trial reg .

no .

NTR2344 , www.trialregister.nl .

A community-based randomized trial was conducted in Costa Rica to evaluate the HPV-16 / 18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine ( NCT00128661 ) .

The primary objective was to evaluate efficacy of the vaccine to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or more severe disease ( CIN2 + ) associated with incident HPV-16 / 18 cervical infections .

Secondary objectives were to evaluate efficacy against CIN2 + associated with incident cervical infection by any oncogenic HPVs and to evaluate duration of protection against incident cervical infection with HPV-16 / 18 .

Vaccine safety and immunogenicity over the 4-year follow-up were also evaluated .

We randomized ( 3727 HPV arm ; 3739 control arm ) , vaccinated ( HPV-16 / 18 or Hepatitis A ) and followed ( median 53.8 months ) 7466 healthy women aged 18-25 years .

5312 women ( 2635 HPV arm ; 2677 control arm ) were included in the according to protocol analysis for efficacy .

The full cohort was evaluated for safety .

Immunogenicity was considered on a subset of 354 ( HPV-16 ) and 379 ( HPV-18 ) women .

HPV type was assessed by PCR on cervical specimens .

Immunogenicity was assessed using ELISA and inhibition enzyme immunoassays .

Disease outcomes were histologically confirmed .

Vaccine efficacy and 95 % confidence intervals ( 95 % CI ) were computed .

Vaccine efficacy was 89.8 % ( 95 % CI : 39.5-99 .5 ; N = 11 events total ) against HPV-16 / 18 associated CIN2 + , 59.9 % ( 95 % CI : 20.7-80 .8 ; N = 39 events total ) against CIN2 + associated with non-HPV-16 / 18 oncogenic HPVs and 61.4 % ( 95 % CI : 29.5-79 .8 ; N = 51 events total ) against CIN2 + irrespective of HPV type .

The vaccine had an acceptable safety profile and induced robust and long-lasting antibody responses .

Our findings confirm the high efficacy and immunogenicity of the HPV-16 / 18 vaccine against incident HPV infections and cervical disease associated with HPV-16 / 18 and other oncogenic HPV types .